JP4099703B2 - Gate drive circuit for voltage driven semiconductor device - Google Patents
Gate drive circuit for voltage driven semiconductor device Download PDFInfo
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- JP4099703B2 JP4099703B2 JP2002239055A JP2002239055A JP4099703B2 JP 4099703 B2 JP4099703 B2 JP 4099703B2 JP 2002239055 A JP2002239055 A JP 2002239055A JP 2002239055 A JP2002239055 A JP 2002239055A JP 4099703 B2 JP4099703 B2 JP 4099703B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、各アームに電圧駆動型半導体素子を直列接続してなる電力変換装置における電圧駆動型半導体素子のゲート駆動回路に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
図4は、電圧変換装置で高電圧化を図るために、IGBT(絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタ)を各アームに直列接続した場合の従来例で、IGBTを直列接続したインバータ1相分の回路を示す。
【0003】
図示のように、この回路はIGBTQ1,Q2(上アーム)とQ3,Q4(下アーム)、電圧Edの直流電源、検出抵抗Rb1〜Rb4などから構成される。
【0004】
また、GDU1〜GDU4はQ1〜Q4のゲート駆動回路で、具体的には例えば図5に示すように、IGBTをオン,オフさせるための駆動回路としてのトランジスタTR1,TR2、ゲート抵抗Rg(on),Rg(off)およびゲート電圧制御回路VG、過電圧判別回路OVなどから構成される。
【0005】
一般的に、図6の動作波形図に示すようにQ1がターンオフ動作を開始してから、時間Δtだけ遅れてQ2がターンオフ動作を開始した場合、すなわち、IGBTを直列接続して運転するときに、例えば図6に示すように、ゲート電圧VGEのタイミングばらつき等により、IGBTのターンオフタイミングに違いが生じると、各IGBTの電圧分担にアンバランスが発生する。これは、Q1が早くオフしてしまうと、Q2はオンしているため、Q1だけに電圧が印加されてしまうためである。
【0006】
図7は、上述の電圧分担のアンバランスを解消することができる図4,図5に示した回路における動作波形図である。
【0007】
いま、Q1が先にターンオフすると、Q1のコレクタ−エミッタ間電圧VCEが上昇を始め、検出抵抗Rb1によって検出された電圧が過電圧レベルに達すると、過電圧判別回路OVにてQ1のコレクタ−エミッタ間電圧VCEが過電圧と判断される。これにより、ゲート電圧制御回路VGが動作し、ゲート駆動回路GDU1の出力すなわちゲート−エミッタ間電圧VGEをIGBTのしきい値付近の電圧に制御することで、Q1を活性領域で再オンさせる。Q1が再オンするとQ1のコレクタ−エミッタ間電圧VCEが下降し、Q1に過電圧が印加されるのを防止することができる。なお、外部から指令されるオン・オフ信号に基づくIGBTの通常のオン動作の際には、ゲート電圧制御回路VGからのゲート電圧指令値により、ゲート駆動回路GDU1の出力すなわちゲート−エミッタ間電圧VGEを、例えば図5に示すように+15ボルト(P15)付近の電圧にすることで、Q1を飽和領域でオンさせる。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
IGBTを直列接続して用いる場合、上述の如くゲート−エミッタ間電圧VGEを制御することにより、ターンオフタイミングがずれたときの電圧分担のアンバランスによる過電圧印加やそれに伴う素子破壊を防ぐことが可能である。
【0009】
しかしながら、直列接続された各IGBTのうち、いずれか1個のIGBTが何らかの要因で素子破壊(短絡破壊)を起こした場合には、他の健全なIGBTにおいて、上述の如くゲート−エミッタ間電圧VGEの制御により再オン動作が継続して行われるという問題がある。
【0010】
図8は、図4に示した従来の回路におけるQ1〜Q4のうち、Q1が短絡破壊を起こしたときの動作波形例を示している。
【0011】
Q1,Q2のターンオフ時、Q1に短絡破壊が発生すると、直流電源の電圧Edが全てQ2に印加される。これにより、過電圧判別回路OVにてQ2のコレクタ−エミッタ間電圧VCEが過電圧と判断され、ゲート電圧制御回路VGによりゲート−エミッタ間電圧VGEをIGBTのしきい値付近の電圧に制御することで、Q2を活性領域で再オンさせる。この再オン動作は継続して行われるため、Q2に過大な損失責務が発生し、Q2も素子破壊する可能性がある。また、Q2の再オン動作継続中に、下アームのQ3,Q4がオンになった時点でアーム短絡に陥るなど、Q1の素子破壊に伴う事故が拡大する恐れがある。この問題点は、素子破壊時の保護を高速に行うことが困難であるために生ずる問題点である。
【0012】
従って、この発明の課題は上述の問題点を解決し、この種の電圧駆動型半導体素子の保護と素子破壊に伴う事故の拡大を防止する該素子のゲート駆動回路を提供することにある。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
このような課題を解決するために、この発明では、各アームに電圧駆動型半導体素子を直列接続してなる電力変換装置において、
各電圧駆動型半導体を飽和領域または活性領域でオンさせる、若しくはオフさせるゲート電圧指令値を生成するゲート電圧制御回路と、当該電圧駆動型半導体素子に前記それぞれのゲート電圧指令値に基づくゲート電圧を供給する駆動回路と、この電圧駆動型半導体素子に印加される電圧を検出し過電圧か否かを判断する過電圧判別回路と、外部から指令されるオン・オフ信号がオフ信号になったときから所定の監視期間を設定する期間設定回路とを設け、通常は外部から指令されるオン・オフ信号がオン信号のときには当該電圧駆動型半導体素子を飽和領域でオン動作をさせ、前記オン・オフ信号がオン信号からオフ信号に替ったときには、前記監視期間中だけ電圧駆動型半導体素子に過電圧が印加されたときに該電圧駆動型半導体素子を活性領域で再オン動作をさせることで、直列接続されたいずれかの電圧駆動型半導体素子に素子破壊(短絡破壊)が発生した場合、他の健全な電圧駆動型半導体素子の再オン動作の継続およびそれに伴う素子破壊を防止するようにしている。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1は、この発明の実施の形態を示す電力変換装置の回路構成図であり、図4に示した従来例構成と同一機能を有するものには同一符号を付している。
【0015】
すなわち、図1の回路構成が図4の回路構成と異なる点はゲート駆動回路GDU1〜GDU4に代えて、この発明のゲート駆動回路GDU1a〜GDU4aを備えていることである。
【0016】
図2は、図1に示したゲート駆動回路GDU1a〜GDU4aの詳細回路構成図であり、GDU1〜GDU4と同一機能であるIGBTをオン,オフさせるための駆動回路としてのトランジスタTR1,TR2、ゲート抵抗Rg(on),Rg(off)およびゲート電圧制御回路VG、過電圧判別回路OVの他に、タイマ,アンド素子から構成される期間設定回路が付加されている。
【0017】
図3は、図1,図2に示した回路における動作波形図である。
【0018】
先ず、Q1,Q2に外部から指令されるオン・オフ信号がオン信号からオフ信号に変化すると、前記タイマ出力は論理「H」レベルとなり、この論理「H」レベルは所定の監視期間ΔT0 の間継続する。ここで、先述の図8に示した動作波形図と同様に、Q1に短絡破壊が発生すると、直流電源の電圧EdがQ2に印加され、これにより、検出抵抗Rb2を介した過電圧判別回路OVにてQ2のコレクタ−エミッタ間電圧VCEが過電圧と判断され、ゲート電圧制御回路VGによりゲート−エミッタ間電圧VGEをIGBTのしきい値付近の電圧に制御することで、Q2を活性領域で再オンさせる。しかし、前記タイマ出力は所定の監視期間(ΔT0 )を経過後に、論理「L」レベルとなり、前記アンド素子出力も論理「L」レベルとなって、Q2の再オン動作を停止することができる。この後、全てのIGBTをオフする保護動作を行えばよく、高速保護動作が困難な期間の過電圧判別回路OVおよびゲート電圧制御回路VGによる再オン継続動作および下アームIGBTQ3,Q4のオンによるアーム短絡等の事故の拡大を防止することができる。
【0019】
なお、図2に示したこの発明のゲート駆動回路は、通常動作時においても過電圧判別回路OVおよびゲート電圧制御回路VGによる再オン動作期間を限定するものであるが、前記タイマの監視期間(ΔT0 )を、例えば10マイクロ秒程度に設定することにより、先述のターンオフタイミング差による各IGBTの電圧分担アンバランスに対して、問題なく過電圧の抑制を行うことが可能である。
【0020】
また、各アームのIGBTの直列数が3以上でも、1個のIGBTの短絡破壊により、他の健全なIGBTが継続して再オン動作をする可能性があるが、この発明のゲート駆動回路では、前記期間設定回路により再オン継続動作およびアーム短絡を防止することができる。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
この発明によれば、各アームに電圧駆動型半導体素子が直列接続される電力変換装置で、これらの電圧駆動型半導体素子の過電圧発生時には該素子のゲート電圧をしきい値付近の活性領域の電圧にすることにより、この過電圧抑制を行い、且つ、素子故障時にはこれに伴う事故の拡大を防止することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 この発明の実施の形態を示す電力変換装置の回路構成図
【図2】 図1の部分詳細回路構成図
【図3】 図1,図2の回路の動作を説明する波形図
【図4】 従来例を示す電力変換装置の回路構成図
【図5】 図4の部分詳細回路構成図
【図6】 図4,図5の回路の動作を説明する波形図
【図7】 図4,図5の回路の動作を説明する波形図
【図8】 図4,図5の回路の動作を説明する波形図
【符号の説明】
Q1〜Q4…IGBT、Rb1〜Rb4…検出抵抗、Ed…直流電源の電圧、GDU1〜GDU4…ゲート駆動回路、GDU1a〜GDU4a…ゲート駆動回路、OV…過電圧判別回路、VG…ゲート電圧制御回路。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a gate drive circuit for a voltage-driven semiconductor element in a power conversion device in which a voltage-driven semiconductor element is connected in series to each arm.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 4 is a conventional example in which an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) is connected in series to each arm in order to increase the voltage in the voltage converter, and shows a circuit for one phase of an inverter in which IGBTs are connected in series.
[0003]
As shown in the figure, this circuit includes IGBTs Q1, Q2 (upper arm) and Q3, Q4 (lower arm), a DC power supply of voltage Ed, detection resistors Rb1 to Rb4, and the like.
[0004]
GDU1 to GDU4 are Q1 to Q4 gate drive circuits. Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, transistors TR1 and TR2 as gate drive circuits for turning on and off the IGBT, and gate resistance Rg (on) , Rg (off), a gate voltage control circuit VG, an overvoltage discrimination circuit OV, and the like.
[0005]
In general, as shown in the operation waveform diagram of FIG. 6, when Q2 starts turn-off operation after a time Δt after Q1 starts turn-off operation, that is, when IGBTs are connected in series. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, when there is a difference in the turn-off timing of the IGBT due to timing variation of the gate voltage VGE, an imbalance occurs in the voltage sharing of each IGBT. This is because if Q1 is turned off early, the voltage is applied only to Q1 because Q2 is on.
[0006]
FIG. 7 is an operation waveform diagram in the circuits shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 that can eliminate the voltage imbalance described above.
[0007]
Now, when Q1 is turned off first, the collector-emitter voltage VCE of Q1 starts to rise, and when the voltage detected by the detection resistor Rb1 reaches the overvoltage level, the overvoltage determination circuit OV causes the collector-emitter voltage of Q1. VCE is determined to be an overvoltage. As a result, the gate voltage control circuit VG operates, and the output of the gate drive circuit GDU1, that is, the gate-emitter voltage VGE is controlled to a voltage near the threshold value of the IGBT, thereby turning on Q1 again in the active region. When Q1 is turned on again, the collector-emitter voltage VCE of Q1 decreases, and it is possible to prevent an overvoltage from being applied to Q1. In the normal ON operation of the IGBT based on an ON / OFF signal commanded from the outside, the output of the gate drive circuit GDU1, that is, the gate-emitter voltage VGE is determined by the gate voltage command value from the gate voltage control circuit VG. Is set to a voltage in the vicinity of +15 volts (P15) as shown in FIG. 5, for example, to turn on Q1 in the saturation region.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
When using IGBTs connected in series, controlling the gate-emitter voltage VGE as described above can prevent overvoltage application due to imbalance of voltage sharing when the turn-off timing is shifted and element breakdown accompanying it. is there.
[0009]
However, when any one IGBT among the IGBTs connected in series causes an element breakdown (short circuit breakdown) for some reason, in another healthy IGBT, as described above, the gate-emitter voltage VGE. There is a problem that the re-on operation is continuously performed by the control.
[0010]
FIG. 8 shows an example of operation waveforms when Q1 causes a short circuit breakdown among Q1 to Q4 in the conventional circuit shown in FIG.
[0011]
When Q1 and Q2 are turned off and a short circuit breakdown occurs in Q1, the voltage Ed of the DC power supply is all applied to Q2. Thereby, the collector-emitter voltage VCE of Q2 is determined to be an overvoltage by the overvoltage discrimination circuit OV, and the gate voltage control circuit VG controls the gate-emitter voltage VGE to a voltage near the threshold value of the IGBT. Q2 is turned on again in the active region. Since this re-on operation is continuously performed, an excessive loss responsibility is generated in Q2, and there is a possibility that Q2 also breaks the element. Moreover, there is a possibility that accidents accompanying the destruction of the element of Q1 may be expanded, such as an arm short circuit when Q3 and Q4 of the lower arm are turned on while the re-on operation of Q2 is continued. This problem arises because it is difficult to perform protection at the time of element destruction at high speed.
[0012]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a gate drive circuit for the device that protects this type of voltage-driven semiconductor device and prevents the spread of accidents due to device destruction.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve such a problem, in the present invention, in a power conversion device in which a voltage-driven semiconductor element is connected in series to each arm,
A gate voltage control circuit for generating a gate voltage command value for turning on or off each voltage driven semiconductor in a saturation region or an active region, and a gate voltage based on the respective gate voltage command value on the voltage driven semiconductor element A drive circuit to be supplied, an overvoltage determination circuit for detecting whether or not an overvoltage is detected by detecting a voltage applied to the voltage-driven semiconductor element, and a predetermined time when an on / off signal commanded from the outside becomes an off signal And a period setting circuit for setting the monitoring period of time, and when an on / off signal normally commanded from the outside is an on signal, the voltage driven semiconductor element is turned on in a saturation region, and the on / off signal is when changed from the oN signal to the oFF signal is the voltage driven type semiconductor element when an overvoltage is applied to the voltage-driven semiconductor element only during the monitoring period When a device breakdown (short-circuit breakdown) occurs in any voltage-driven semiconductor element connected in series by re-on operation in the active region, the re-on operation of other sound voltage-driven semiconductor elements continues. In addition, element destruction associated therewith is prevented.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of a power conversion device showing an embodiment of the present invention. Components having the same functions as those in the conventional configuration shown in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0015]
That is, the circuit configuration of FIG. 1 is different from the circuit configuration of FIG. 4 in that the gate drive circuits GDU1a to GDU4a of the present invention are provided instead of the gate drive circuits GDU1 to GDU4.
[0016]
FIG. 2 is a detailed circuit configuration diagram of the gate drive circuits GDU1a to GDU4a shown in FIG. 1, and transistors TR1 and TR2 serving as drive circuits for turning on and off IGBTs having the same functions as GDU1 to GDU4, and gate resistors. In addition to Rg (on), Rg (off), the gate voltage control circuit VG, and the overvoltage determination circuit OV, a period setting circuit composed of a timer and an AND element is added.
[0017]
FIG. 3 is an operation waveform diagram in the circuit shown in FIGS.
[0018]
First, when an on / off signal commanded externally to Q1 and Q2 changes from an on signal to an off signal, the timer output becomes a logic “H” level, and this logic “H” level is a predetermined monitoring period ΔT 0 . Continue for a while. Here, similarly to the operation waveform diagram shown in FIG. 8 described above, when a short-circuit breakdown occurs in Q1, the voltage Ed of the DC power supply is applied to Q2, which causes the overvoltage discrimination circuit OV via the detection resistor Rb2 to be applied. Thus, the collector-emitter voltage VCE of Q2 is determined to be an overvoltage, and the gate-emitter voltage VGE is controlled to a voltage near the threshold value of the IGBT by the gate voltage control circuit VG, so that Q2 is turned on again in the active region. . However, the timer output becomes a logic “L” level after a predetermined monitoring period (ΔT 0 ), and the AND element output also becomes a logic “L” level, so that the re-on operation of Q2 can be stopped. . Thereafter, a protection operation for turning off all the IGBTs may be performed. The re-continuation operation by the overvoltage determination circuit OV and the gate voltage control circuit VG during the period in which the high-speed protection operation is difficult and the arm short circuit by turning on the lower arm IGBTs Q3 and Q4 The spread of accidents such as can be prevented.
[0019]
The gate drive circuit of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 limits the re-on operation period by the overvoltage determination circuit OV and the gate voltage control circuit VG even during normal operation, but the timer monitoring period (ΔT 0 ) is set to about 10 microseconds, for example, and the overvoltage can be suppressed without any problem with respect to the voltage sharing imbalance of each IGBT due to the above-described difference in turn-off timing.
[0020]
Also, even if the number of IGBTs in each arm is three or more, there is a possibility that another healthy IGBT may continue to be turned on again due to short-circuit breakdown of one IGBT. In the gate drive circuit of the present invention, The re-on continuation operation and the arm short circuit can be prevented by the period setting circuit.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, in a power conversion device in which voltage-driven semiconductor elements are connected in series to each arm, when an overvoltage occurs in these voltage-driven semiconductor elements, the gate voltage of the elements is set to the voltage in the active region near the threshold value. By doing so, this overvoltage can be suppressed, and at the time of an element failure, it is possible to prevent the spread of accidents associated therewith.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is a circuit configuration diagram of a power conversion device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partial detailed circuit configuration diagram of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the circuits of FIGS. 4 is a circuit configuration diagram of a conventional power conversion device. FIG. 5 is a partial detailed circuit configuration diagram of FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the circuits of FIGS. FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the circuit in FIG. 5. FIG. 8 is a waveform diagram for explaining the operation of the circuit in FIGS.
Q1 to Q4 IGBT, Rb1 to Rb4 detection resistance, Ed DC voltage, GDU1 to GDU4 gate drive circuit, GDU1a to GDU4a gate drive circuit, OV overvoltage determination circuit, VG gate voltage control circuit.
Claims (1)
各電圧駆動型半導体を飽和領域または活性領域でオンさせる、若しくはオフさせるゲート電圧指令値を生成するゲート電圧制御回路と、当該電圧駆動型半導体素子に前記それぞれのゲート電圧指令値に基づくゲート電圧を供給する駆動回路と、この電圧駆動型半導体素子に印加される電圧を検出し過電圧か否かを判断する過電圧判別回路と、外部から指令されるオン・オフ信号がオフ信号になったときから所定の監視期間を設定する期間設定回路とを設け、通常は外部から指令されるオン・オフ信号がオン信号のときには当該電圧駆動型半導体素子を飽和領域でオン動作をさせ、前記オン・オフ信号がオン信号からオフ信号に替ったときには、前記監視期間中だけ電圧駆動型半導体素子に過電圧が印加されたときに該電圧駆動型半導体素子を活性領域で再オン動作をさせるようにしたことを特徴とする電圧駆動型半導体素子のゲート駆動回路。In a power conversion device in which a voltage-driven semiconductor element is connected in series to each arm,
A gate voltage control circuit for generating a gate voltage command value for turning on or off each voltage driven semiconductor in a saturation region or an active region, and a gate voltage based on the respective gate voltage command value on the voltage driven semiconductor element A drive circuit to be supplied, an overvoltage determination circuit for detecting whether or not an overvoltage is detected by detecting a voltage applied to the voltage-driven semiconductor element, and a predetermined time when an on / off signal commanded from the outside becomes an off signal And a period setting circuit for setting the monitoring period of time, and when an on / off signal normally commanded from the outside is an on signal, the voltage driven semiconductor element is turned on in a saturation region, and the on / off signal is when changed from the oN signal to the oFF signal is the voltage driven type semiconductor element when an overvoltage is applied to the voltage-driven semiconductor element only during the monitoring period The gate drive circuit for a voltage driven type semiconductor element characterized in that so as to re-turned on by sexual region.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002239055A JP4099703B2 (en) | 2002-08-20 | 2002-08-20 | Gate drive circuit for voltage driven semiconductor device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002239055A JP4099703B2 (en) | 2002-08-20 | 2002-08-20 | Gate drive circuit for voltage driven semiconductor device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2004080928A JP2004080928A (en) | 2004-03-11 |
| JP4099703B2 true JP4099703B2 (en) | 2008-06-11 |
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| JP2002239055A Expired - Fee Related JP4099703B2 (en) | 2002-08-20 | 2002-08-20 | Gate drive circuit for voltage driven semiconductor device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2009132560A1 (en) * | 2008-04-29 | 2009-11-05 | Han Lasheng | A period time-sharing control circuit |
| TWI692194B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2020-04-21 | 朋程科技股份有限公司 | Alternator and rectifier thereof |
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| JP2004080928A (en) | 2004-03-11 |
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