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JP4113290B2 - Liquid crystal display element spacer and liquid crystal display element - Google Patents
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JP4113290B2 - Liquid crystal display element spacer and liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display element spacer and liquid crystal display element Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4113290B2
JP4113290B2 JP27126698A JP27126698A JP4113290B2 JP 4113290 B2 JP4113290 B2 JP 4113290B2 JP 27126698 A JP27126698 A JP 27126698A JP 27126698 A JP27126698 A JP 27126698A JP 4113290 B2 JP4113290 B2 JP 4113290B2
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liquid crystal
crystal display
display element
spacer
polymerization
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JP2000098397A (en
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康彦 永井
裕子 南野
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、液晶表示素子用スペーサ、及び、該液晶表示素子用スペーサを用いてなる液晶表示素子に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
液晶表示素子は、2枚の対向する電極基板と、電極基板間に介在するスペーサ及び液晶物質とで構成されている。スペーサは、液晶層の厚みを均一かつ一定に保つために使用されている。液晶表示素子の実用に際して要求される表示性能としては、一般に高速応答性、高コントラスト性、高視野角性等が挙げられる。これら諸性能の実現のためには、液晶層の厚み、つまり、2枚の電極基板の間隙距離を厳密に一定に保持しなければならない。
【0003】
このような要望に応じた液晶表示素子用スペーサ材料としては、一般に無機又は有機微粒子が用いられる。例えば、特開昭63−73225号公報には無機微粒子のスペーサとして二酸化ケイ素等が、特開平1−599974号公報には無機微粒子のスペーサとして酸化アルミ等が開示されている。しかし、これらのスペーサは、硬度が高いため液晶表示素子を作製するためのプレスを行うと、基板上の電極等の蒸着膜、配向膜、カラーフィルター等のコート層に物理的損傷を与え、画像ムラや画素欠損を生じさせる。また、低温環境では液晶の収縮にスペーサが追随せず、液晶層と電極基板との間に空隙ができる低温発泡を引き起こす原因ともなるという問題点があった。
【0004】
また、高速応答用表示素子、反射型表示素子、反強誘電性液晶表示素子等の高性能の液晶表示素子が開発、実用化されつつあり、これらの液晶表示素子は、従来の粒子径のスペーサでは充分な表示機能が得られず、より粒子径の小さいものが要求されている。しかし、これらの性能を充分に満足する液晶表示素子用スペーサは得られていないのが現状である。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、高速応答用表示素子等のスペーサとして好適な粒子径を有するとともに、液晶表示素子作製時のプレスでも配向膜を傷つけない適度の硬度を有し、熱膨張や熱収縮による液晶の変化に追随しやすい液晶表示素子用スペーサを提供することを目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、平均粒子径が1〜3μmであり、CV値が5%以下であり、圧縮破壊強度が0.1〜1.0gfである有機重合体微粒子を用いてなることを特徴とする液晶表示素子用スペーサである。
以下に、本発明を詳述する。
【0007】
本発明で用いられる液晶表示素子用スペーサは、平均粒子径が1〜3μmの微粒子を用いてなる。
上記平均粒子径が1μm未満では、微粒子が小さすぎるため、液晶の厚みが薄くなりすぎて表示不良となることがあり、3μmを超えると、液晶の層が厚くなるため、表示不良となることがあるので上記範囲に限定される。
【0008】
上記微粒子の圧縮破壊強度は、0.1〜1.0gfである。
上記圧縮破壊強度が0.1gf未満では、液晶表示素子を組み立てる際のプレス圧により、スペーサが破壊されて適切なギャップが出ないことがあり、1.0gfを超えると液晶表示素子に組み込んだ際に基板上の配向膜を傷つけてしまい表示異常が発生する場合があるので上記範囲に限定される。
本明細書中において、上記圧縮破壊強度とは、微小圧縮試験器(島津製作所社製、PCT−200)を用い、ダイヤモンド製の直径50μmの円柱の平滑端面で、得られた液晶表示素子用スペーサを圧縮速度0.27g/秒で圧縮した際の、粒子の破断時の強度を表す値である。
【0009】
上記微粒子のCV値は、5%以下とする。
上記CV値が5%を超えると、液晶表示素子を作製する際にプレスを行っても、2枚の電極基板に接触せず、セル内を移動するスペーサを発生することがあるので上記範囲に限定する。
【0010】
上記CV値とは、下記の式(1);
CV値(%)=(σ/Dn)×100・・・・(1)
(式中、σは、粒子径の標準偏差を表し、Dnは、数平均粒子径を表す)で表される値である。上記標準偏差及び数平均粒子径は、微粒子300個を電子顕微鏡で観察することにより得られる数値である。
【0011】
上記有機重合体微粒子の材質としては、例えば、シード重合、分散重合、懸濁重合等により得られる重合体が挙げられる。これらのなかでは、重合反応終了後に分級操作を必要とせず、単分散性にも優れることから、シード重合や分散重合により得られる微粒子が好ましい。
【0012】
以下、上記微粒子の製造方法について説明する。
上記シード重合とは、ソープフリー重合や乳化重合により合成した単分散の種粒子に、更に、重合性単量体を吸収させることにより、所望の粒子径にまで膨らませた後重合させる重合方法である。
【0013】
上記種粒子の製造に用いられる単量体としては特に限定されず、例えば、スチレン、α−メチルスチレン、p−メチルスチレン、p−クロロスチレン、クロロメチルスチレン等のスチレン誘導体;塩化ビニル、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル等のビニルエステル類;アクリロニトリル等の不飽和ニトリル類;(メタ)アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸エチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸−2−エチルヘキシル、(メタ)アクリル酸ステアリル、エチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、トリフルオロエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタフルオロプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、シクロヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート等の(メタ)アクリル酸エステル誘導体等が挙げられる。
これらの単量体は、単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
【0014】
これらのなかでは、単分散性に優れる点からスチレン又はスチレン誘導体を用いた単独重合体や共重合体が好ましい。
上記種粒子の粒子径分布については、シード重合後の粒子系分布にも反映される事から単分散性の高いものが好ましく、CV値として5%以下であることが好ましい。
【0015】
上記シード重合において、種粒子に吸収させる重合性単量体としては特に限定されないが、粒子の強度を上げるために、架橋性単量体や上記架橋性単量体と単官能単量体との混合物等が好ましい。
上記架橋性単量体としては特に限定されず、例えば、ジビニルベンゼン、ジビニルビフェニル、ジビニルナフタレン、ポリエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,6−ヘキサンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、テトラメチロールメタントリ(メタ)アクリレート、テトラメチロールプロパンテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ジアリルフタレート及びその異性体、トリアリルイソシアヌレート及びその誘導体等が挙げられる。
上記架橋性単量体は、単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
【0016】
上記単官能単量体としては特に限定されず、例えば、上記微粒子の製造に用いられる単量体等が挙げられる。
上記重合性単量体は、シード重合時に上記種粒子との相分離を抑えるために、上記種粒子の組成と近い組成のものが好ましい。上記種粒子がスチレン系重合体又は共重合体の場合には芳香族系ジビニル単量体が好ましく、種粒子がアクリル系重合体又は共重合体の場合にはアクリル系マルチビニル単量体が好ましい。
上記重合性単量体として、架橋性単量体と単官能性単量体との混合物を用いる場合には、上記架橋性単量体と上記単官能単量体との配合比率は、破壊強度の観点から、上記架橋性単量体を30%以上配合するのが好ましい。
【0017】
上記シード重合時に用いられる重合開始剤としては特に限定されず、例えば、過酸化ベンゾイル、過酸化ラウロイル、オルソクロロ過酸化ベンゾイル、オルソメトキシ過酸化ベンゾイル、3,5,5−トリメチルヘキサノイルパーオキサイド、t−ブチルパーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート、ジ−t−ブチルパーオキサイド等の有機過酸化物;アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、アゾビスシクロヘキサカルボニトリル、アゾビス(2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)等のアゾ系化合物等が挙げられる。
上記重合開始剤の配合量は、重合性単量体100重量部に対して、0.1〜10重量部が好ましい。
【0018】
上記シード重合時には、必要に応じて分散安定剤を用いてもよい。
上記分散安定剤としては、例えば、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリエチレンオキシド等の媒体中に可溶の高分子、ノニオン性の界面活性剤、イオン性界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
【0019】
上記シード重合を行う際の重合性単量体の添加量は、上記種粒子1重量部に対して、20〜100重量部が好ましい。重合性単量体の添加量が20重量部未満では、作製される架橋微粒子の破壊強度が充分でなく、100重量部を超えるとシード重合時に粒子の合一等により粒子径分布が広がるため好ましくない。
【0020】
上記分散重合とは、重合性単量体は溶解するが、生成した重合体や共重合体は溶解しない貧溶媒系で重合を行い、この系に高分子系分散安定剤を添加することにより、上記重合体や共重合体を粒子形状で析出させる重合方法である。
【0021】
上記分散重合において用いられる重合性単量体としては特に限定されないが、架橋性単量体や上記架橋性単量体と単官能単量体との混合物等が挙げられる。
上記架橋性単量体としては、特に限定されず、例えば、ジビニルベンゼン、ジビニルビフェニル、ジビニルナフタレン、ポリエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,6−ヘキサンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、テトラメチロールメタントリ(メタ)アクリレート、テトラメチロールプロパンテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ジアリルフタレート及びその異性体;トリアリルイソシアヌレート及びその誘導体等が挙げられる。
上記架橋性単量体は、単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
【0022】
上記単官能単量体としては特に限定されず、例えば、上記シード重合の際に用いられた単官能単量体等が挙げられる。
上記重合性単量体として、架橋性単量体と単官能性単量体との混合物を用いる場合には、上記架橋性単量体と上記単官能単量体の配合比率は、重合時の凝集や、強度の観点から、上記架橋性単量体を全重合性単量体中の50重量%以上とすることが好ましい。
【0023】
上記架橋性単量体が50重量%未満では、重合時に形成される粒子表面が溶媒中で柔らかいために、粒子同士の衝突により合着が引き起こされやすく、粒子系分布が広くなり、更には凝集体となってしまうことがある。また、たとえ単分散性を保っていても、架橋密度が少ないとスペーサとしての充分な架橋強度を持たなくなるため好ましくない。
【0024】
上記重合開始剤としては、特に限定されず、例えば、上記シード重合において用いられた重合開始剤等が挙げられる。
上記重合開始剤の配合量は、重合性単量体100重量部に対して、0.1〜10重量部が好ましい。
0.1重量部未満では、重合速度が低くモノマーの転化率が低くなることがあり、10重量部を超えると、重合熱による反応の暴走等の危険があるため上記範囲が好ましい。
【0025】
上記有機溶媒としては、上記重合性単量体は溶解するが、該重合性単量体の重合反応生成物は溶解しないものであれば特に限定されない。
具体的な有機溶媒は、使用される架橋性単量体により決定され、特に限定されないが、一般的に好適に用いられる有機溶媒としては、例えば、アルコール類、セロソルブ類、ケトン類、炭化水素等が挙げられる。
【0026】
上記有機溶媒の具体例としては、例えば、アセトニトリル;N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド;ジメチルスルホキシド;酢酸エチル;メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール等のアルコール類;メチルセロソルブ、エチルセロソルブ等のセロソルブ類;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルブチルケトン、2−ブタノン等のケトン類が挙げられる。
上記有機溶媒は、単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。更には、上記有機溶媒と相溶しあう他の有機溶媒又は水との混合溶媒を用いてもよい。
【0027】
上記分散重合を行う際には、上記有機溶媒中に重合性単量体及び重合開始剤を溶解させて重合させる。この時、上記重合性単量体及び上記重合開始剤は最初に全量仕込んでも良いし、一部を仕込んだ後に、残りを段階的に又は連続的に仕込んでもよい。
上記分散重合においては、上記有機溶媒中に上記重合性単量体の一部でも溶解しない場合には、重合反応終了後に重合反応生成物が凝集する場合があるので好ましくない。
【0028】
本発明で用いられる微粒子は、液晶表示素子のコントラストの向上のため、着色されていてもよい。
上記着色の方法としては、例えば、カーボンブラック、分散染料、酸性染料、塩基性染料、金属酸化物等により処理する方法、微粒子の表面に有機物の膜を形成させ、これを高温で分解又は炭化させる方法等が挙げられる。
【0029】
本発明の液晶表示素子用スペーサは、液晶表示素子に用いることができる。
上記液晶表示素子は、例えば、ポリイミド配向膜を配置、ラビング処理したガラス又はフィルム基板上に、上記液晶表示素子用スペーサを散布し、上記基板を周辺シール材にて加熱圧着させ、できた空隙に液晶を充填することにより得ることができる。
上記液晶表示素子もまた、本発明の一つである。
【0030】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を掲げて本発明を更に詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例のみに限定されるものではない。
【0031】
実施例1
種粒子の作製
イオン交換水90重量部とスチレン10重量部とオクチルメルカプタン2.5重量部とNaCl0.02重量部とをセパラブルフラスコに入れ、この容器に冷却管、攪拌羽根及び窒素導入管を取り付け、1時間窒素を流し入れて重合雰囲気の窒素置換を行った。次に、攪拌羽根を回転させ、70℃まで昇温し、更に1時間窒素置換を行った。続いて、少量の水に溶かした0.1重量部の過硫酸カリウムを注射器を用いて系中に注ぎ込んだ。
この後、70℃のまま24時間反応を続けた後、温度を室温まで下げて反応を停止させた。反応終了時の重合転化率は80%であった。生成した重合液を遠心分離にかけ、重合媒体と種粒子との固液分離を行った。続いて、エタノール、エタノールと水の混合媒体、水の順序で各2回ずつ種粒子の洗浄と遠心分離を行い、余分な重合開始剤、単量体、連鎖移動剤を取り除いた。
【0032】
粒子径の測定
洗浄した種粒子を適当な媒体に分散し、金属メッシュに支持されたコロジオン膜に沈着固定した。これを透過型電子顕微鏡を用いて観察した。この観察により撮影された写真の任意粒子200〜500個の粒子径を測り、平均粒子径と粒子径分布を求めた。その結果、平均粒子径Dn=670nm、CV値=3.0%であった。
【0033】
架橋微粒子の作製
得られた種粒子0.5重量部にイオン交換水50重量部、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム0.05重量部を加え、均一に分散させたものをシード粒子分散液とし、更にポリビニルアルコールの3重量%水溶液を20重量部加えて、セパラブルフラスコに入れた。ついで、ジビニルベンゼン17.5重量部、過酸化べンゾイル(25%含水)1.2重量部、イオン交換水175重量部、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム0.35重量部を混合してホモジナイザーにより微分散乳化した。この乳化液を上記シード粒子分散液に添加し、25℃、100rpmで24時間攪拌して上記乳化液を種粒子に吸収させた。ついで、窒素を系内に1時間流して、窒素置換を行った後、200rpmで攪拌しつつ、70℃で24時間重合を行い、架橋微粒子を得た。重合終了後、重合液を遠心分離にかけ、重合媒体と架橋微粒子との固液分離を行った。続いて、エタノール、エタノールと水の混合媒体、水の順序で各2回ずつ架橋微粒子の洗浄と遠心分離を行い、余分な重合開始剤、単量体、界面活性剤を取り除いた。得られた架橋微粒子について、種粒子と同様に粒子径と粒子系分布を測定し、更に、圧縮破壊強度の測定を行った。また、得られた架橋微粒子を用いて、液晶表示素子を作成し、表示状態を観察した。結果を表1に示した。
【0034】
【表1】

Figure 0004113290
【0035】
実施例2
種粒子の作製
NaClの配合量を0.06重量部に代えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして種粒子を得た。得られた種粒子は、平均粒子径Dn=910nm、CV値=3.2%であった。
架橋微粒子の作製
上記の配合により得られた種粒子を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして架橋微粒子を得た。得られた架橋微粒子について、実施例1と同様にして粒子径、粒子径分布及び圧縮破壊強度を測定するとともに、液晶表示素子を作製し、表示状態を観察した。結果を表1に示した。
【0036】
実施例3
種粒子の作製
スチレンの配合量を5重量部に代えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして種粒子を得た。得られた種粒子は、平均粒子径Dn=510nm、CV値=3.2%であった。
架橋微粒子の作製
上記の配合により得られた種粒子を用い、ジビニルベンゼンの配合量を12.5重量部とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして架橋微粒子を得た。得られた架橋微粒子について、実施例1と同様にして粒子径、粒子径分布及び圧縮破壊強度を測定するとともに、液晶表示素子を作成し、表示状態を観察した。結果を表1に示した。
【0037】
実施例4
架橋微粒子の作製
実施例1で得られた種粒子を用い、ジビニルベンゼン17.5重量部に代えて、ジビニルベンゼン10.5重量部とスチレン7重量部とを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして架橋微粒子を得た。得られた架橋微粒子について、実施例1と同様にして粒子径、粒子径分布及び圧縮破壊強度を測定するとともに、液晶表示素子を作製し、表示状態を観察した。結果を表1に示した。
【0038】
実施例5
ジビニルベンゼン5mlとアゾビスイソブチルニトリル0.1gをアセトニトリル95mlに溶かし、200mlのセパラブルフラスコに入れた。この容器に冷却管、攪拌羽根、窒素導入管を取り付け、攪拌しながら窒素を系内に流して、約1時間窒素置換を行った。その後、系を70℃まで昇温し、24時間重合を続け微粒子を得た。得られた微粒子を遠心分離にて固液分離を行い,メタノールにて洗浄を3回繰り返した。洗浄した微粒子について、実施例1と同様にして、粒子径、粒子径分布、及び、圧縮破壊強度を測定するとともに、液晶表示素子を作製し、表示状態を観察した。結果を表1に示した。
【0039】
比較例1
架橋微粒子の作製
実施例1で得られた種粒子を用い、ジビニルベンゼン17.5重量部に代えて、スチレン14重量部とジビニルベンゼン3.5重量部とを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして架橋微粒子を得た。得られた架橋微粒子について、実施例1と同様にして粒子径、粒子径分布及び圧縮破壊強度を測定するとともに、液晶表示素子を作製し、表示状態を観察した。結果を表1に示した。
【0040】
比較例2
焼成したシリカ粒子の2.0μm品を用いて、実施例1と同様にして粒子径、粒子径分布及び圧縮破壊強度を測定するとともに、液晶表示素子を作製し、表示状態を観察した。結果を表1に示した。
【0041】
比較例3
ポリビニルアルコールの3%水溶液800重量部に、ジビニルべンゼン100重量部、過酸化ベンゾイル2重量部の混合液を加えてホモジナイザーにて攪拌して粒度調整を行った。その後、攪拌しながら窒素気流下にて80℃まで昇温し、15時間反応を行った。得られた微粒子を熱イオン交換水及びメタノールにて洗浄後、分級操作を行った。分級操作した微粒子について、実施例1と同様にして粒子径、粒子径分布及び圧縮破壊強度を測定するとともに、液晶表示素子を作製し、表示状態を観察した。結果を表1に示した。
【0042】
【発明の効果】
本発明の液晶表示素子用スペーサは、高速応答用表示素子等のスペーサとして好適な粒子径を有するとともに、液晶表示素子作製時のプレスでも配向膜を傷つけない程度の硬度を有し、熱膨張や熱収縮による液晶の変化に追随しやすい。また、上記液晶表示素子用スペーサを用いてなる液晶表示素子は、表示状態の良好なものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element spacer and a liquid crystal display element using the liquid crystal display element spacer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The liquid crystal display element includes two opposing electrode substrates, a spacer interposed between the electrode substrates, and a liquid crystal substance. The spacer is used to keep the thickness of the liquid crystal layer uniform and constant. Display performance required for practical use of a liquid crystal display element generally includes high-speed response, high contrast, high viewing angle, and the like. In order to realize these various performances, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, that is, the gap distance between the two electrode substrates must be kept strictly constant.
[0003]
In general, inorganic or organic fine particles are used as the spacer material for the liquid crystal display element according to such a demand. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-73225 discloses silicon dioxide or the like as a spacer for inorganic fine particles, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-599974 discloses aluminum oxide or the like as a spacer for inorganic fine particles. However, since these spacers are high in hardness, if a press for producing a liquid crystal display element is performed, the deposited film such as electrodes on the substrate, the alignment film, and the coating layer such as the color filter are physically damaged, and the image Causes unevenness and pixel defects. In addition, the spacer does not follow the contraction of the liquid crystal in a low temperature environment, causing a low temperature foaming that creates a gap between the liquid crystal layer and the electrode substrate.
[0004]
In addition, high-performance liquid crystal display elements such as high-speed response display elements, reflective display elements, and anti-ferroelectric liquid crystal display elements are being developed and put to practical use. However, a sufficient display function cannot be obtained, and a smaller particle size is required. However, the present situation is that a spacer for a liquid crystal display element that sufficiently satisfies these performances has not been obtained.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has a particle size suitable as a spacer for a high-speed response display element and the like, and has an appropriate hardness that does not damage the alignment film even when the liquid crystal display element is manufactured, and changes in liquid crystal due to thermal expansion and contraction It is an object to provide a spacer for a liquid crystal display element that can easily follow the above.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention provides a liquid crystal comprising organic polymer fine particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 3 μm, a CV value of 5% or less, and a compressive fracture strength of 0.1 to 1.0 gf. This is a display element spacer.
The present invention is described in detail below.
[0007]
The spacer for a liquid crystal display element used in the present invention uses fine particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 3 μm.
If the average particle size is less than 1 μm, the fine particles are too small, and the thickness of the liquid crystal becomes too thin, resulting in poor display. If the average particle size exceeds 3 μm, the liquid crystal layer becomes thick, resulting in poor display. Therefore, it is limited to the above range.
[0008]
The compression fracture strength of the fine particles is 0.1 to 1.0 gf.
If the compressive breaking strength is less than 0.1 gf, the spacer may be broken due to the press pressure when assembling the liquid crystal display element, and an appropriate gap may not be produced. If it exceeds 1.0 gf, the liquid crystal display element is incorporated into the liquid crystal display element. In addition, the alignment film on the substrate may be damaged and display abnormality may occur.
In the present specification, the above-mentioned compressive fracture strength is a smooth end surface of a cylindrical column made of diamond having a diameter of 50 μm using a micro compression tester (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, PCT-200), and the obtained spacer for liquid crystal display element Is a value representing the strength at break of the particles when compressed at a compression rate of 0.27 g / sec.
[0009]
The CV value of the fine particles is 5% or less .
When the CV value is more than 5%, even when the press in manufacturing a liquid crystal display element, without contacting the two electrode substrates, the above-mentioned range since it is for generating a spacer to move the cell limit.
[0010]
The CV value is the following formula (1);
CV value (%) = (σ / Dn) × 100 (1)
(In the formula, σ represents a standard deviation of the particle diameter, and Dn represents a number average particle diameter). The standard deviation and the number average particle size are values obtained by observing 300 fine particles with an electron microscope.
[0011]
The material of the organic polymer fine particles, For example, seed polymerization, dispersion polymerization, and a polymer obtained by suspension polymerization or the like. Among these, fine particles obtained by seed polymerization or dispersion polymerization are preferable because classification operation is not required after completion of the polymerization reaction and monodispersibility is excellent.
[0012]
Hereinafter, a method for producing the fine particles will be described.
The seed polymerization is a polymerization method in which a monodisperse seed particle synthesized by soap-free polymerization or emulsion polymerization is further absorbed by a polymerizable monomer to be expanded to a desired particle size and then polymerized. .
[0013]
The monomer used for the production of the seed particles is not particularly limited. For example, styrene derivatives such as styrene, α-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene, chloromethylstyrene; vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate , Vinyl esters such as vinyl propionate; unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile; methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylate-2-ethylhexyl, ( Examples include (meth) acrylic acid ester derivatives such as stearyl (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, trifluoroethyl (meth) acrylate, pentafluoropropyl (meth) acrylate, and cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate.
These monomers may be used independently and may use 2 or more types together.
[0014]
Among these, a homopolymer or copolymer using styrene or a styrene derivative is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent monodispersibility.
The particle size distribution of the seed particles is preferably highly monodispersed because it is reflected in the particle system distribution after seed polymerization, and the CV value is preferably 5% or less.
[0015]
In the seed polymerization, the polymerizable monomer to be absorbed by the seed particles is not particularly limited, but in order to increase the strength of the particles, a crosslinkable monomer or a crosslinkable monomer and a monofunctional monomer are used. A mixture or the like is preferred.
The crosslinkable monomer is not particularly limited. For example, divinylbenzene, divinylbiphenyl, divinylnaphthalene, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) ) Acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, tetramethylolmethane tri (meth) acrylate, tetramethylolpropane tetra (meth) acrylate, diallyl phthalate and isomers thereof, triallyl isocyanurate and derivatives thereof.
The said crosslinkable monomer may be used independently and may use 2 or more types together.
[0016]
It does not specifically limit as said monofunctional monomer, For example, the monomer etc. which are used for manufacture of the said microparticles | fine-particles are mentioned.
The polymerizable monomer preferably has a composition close to that of the seed particles in order to suppress phase separation from the seed particles during seed polymerization. When the seed particles are a styrene polymer or copolymer, an aromatic divinyl monomer is preferred, and when the seed particles are an acrylic polymer or copolymer, an acrylic multivinyl monomer is preferred. .
When a mixture of a crosslinkable monomer and a monofunctional monomer is used as the polymerizable monomer, the blending ratio of the crosslinkable monomer and the monofunctional monomer is the breaking strength. From this viewpoint, it is preferable to blend 30% or more of the crosslinkable monomer.
[0017]
The polymerization initiator used in the seed polymerization is not particularly limited. For example, benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, orthomethoxybenzoyl peroxide, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide, t -Organic peroxides such as butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate and di-t-butyl peroxide; azobisisobutyronitrile, azobiscyclohexacarbonitrile, azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) An azo compound such as
As for the compounding quantity of the said polymerization initiator, 0.1-10 weight part is preferable with respect to 100 weight part of polymerizable monomers.
[0018]
During the seed polymerization, a dispersion stabilizer may be used as necessary.
Examples of the dispersion stabilizer include polymers soluble in a medium such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, and polyethylene oxide, nonionic surfactants, and ionic surfactants. Agents and the like.
[0019]
The addition amount of the polymerizable monomer in performing the seed polymerization is preferably 20 to 100 parts by weight with respect to 1 part by weight of the seed particles. When the addition amount of the polymerizable monomer is less than 20 parts by weight, the fracture strength of the prepared crosslinked fine particles is not sufficient, and when it exceeds 100 parts by weight, the particle size distribution is broadened due to the coalescence of particles during seed polymerization, etc. Absent.
[0020]
With the above dispersion polymerization, polymerization is carried out in a poor solvent system in which the polymerizable monomer is dissolved but the produced polymer or copolymer is not dissolved, and by adding a polymer dispersion stabilizer to this system, This is a polymerization method in which the polymer or copolymer is precipitated in the form of particles.
[0021]
The polymerizable monomer used in the dispersion polymerization is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a crosslinkable monomer and a mixture of the crosslinkable monomer and a monofunctional monomer.
The crosslinkable monomer is not particularly limited, and for example, divinylbenzene, divinylbiphenyl, divinylnaphthalene, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di ( And (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, tetramethylolmethane tri (meth) acrylate, tetramethylolpropane tetra (meth) acrylate, diallyl phthalate and isomers thereof; triallyl isocyanurate and derivatives thereof.
The said crosslinkable monomer may be used independently and may use 2 or more types together.
[0022]
It does not specifically limit as said monofunctional monomer, For example, the monofunctional monomer etc. which were used in the case of the said seed polymerization are mentioned.
When a mixture of a crosslinkable monomer and a monofunctional monomer is used as the polymerizable monomer, the blending ratio of the crosslinkable monomer and the monofunctional monomer is determined at the time of polymerization. From the viewpoint of aggregation and strength, the crosslinkable monomer is preferably 50% by weight or more based on the total polymerizable monomer.
[0023]
If the crosslinkable monomer is less than 50% by weight, the particle surface formed at the time of polymerization is soft in a solvent, so that coalescence is likely to be caused by collision between particles, and the particle system distribution is widened. It may become a collection. Even if the monodispersity is maintained, it is not preferable that the crosslinking density is low because sufficient crosslinking strength as a spacer is not obtained.
[0024]
The polymerization initiator is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the polymerization initiator used in the seed polymerization.
As for the compounding quantity of the said polymerization initiator, 0.1-10 weight part is preferable with respect to 100 weight part of polymerizable monomers.
If the amount is less than 0.1 parts by weight, the polymerization rate is low and the conversion rate of the monomer may be low. If the amount exceeds 10 parts by weight, there is a risk of runaway reaction due to the heat of polymerization.
[0025]
The organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the polymerizable monomer but does not dissolve the polymerization reaction product of the polymerizable monomer.
The specific organic solvent is determined by the crosslinkable monomer to be used, and is not particularly limited. Examples of generally used organic solvents include alcohols, cellosolves, ketones, and hydrocarbons. Is mentioned.
[0026]
Specific examples of the organic solvent include, for example, acetonitrile; N, N-dimethylformamide; dimethyl sulfoxide; ethyl acetate; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol; cellosolves such as methyl cellosolve and ethyl cellosolve; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, Examples thereof include ketones such as methyl butyl ketone and 2-butanone.
The said organic solvent may be used independently and may use 2 or more types together. Furthermore, you may use the other organic solvent which is compatible with the said organic solvent, or a mixed solvent with water.
[0027]
In carrying out the dispersion polymerization, the polymerizable monomer and the polymerization initiator are dissolved in the organic solvent and polymerized. At this time, all of the polymerizable monomer and the polymerization initiator may be charged first, or after a part thereof, the remainder may be charged stepwise or continuously.
In the dispersion polymerization, if even a part of the polymerizable monomer is not dissolved in the organic solvent, the polymerization reaction product may be aggregated after completion of the polymerization reaction.
[0028]
The fine particles used in the present invention may be colored in order to improve the contrast of the liquid crystal display element.
Examples of the coloring method include a method of treating with carbon black, disperse dyes, acid dyes, basic dyes, metal oxides, etc., forming an organic film on the surface of fine particles, and decomposing or carbonizing the film at a high temperature. Methods and the like.
[0029]
The spacer for liquid crystal display elements of the present invention can be used for liquid crystal display elements.
The liquid crystal display element is, for example, arranged on a glass or film substrate on which a polyimide alignment film is disposed and rubbed, and the spacer for the liquid crystal display element is dispersed, and the substrate is heated and pressure-bonded with a peripheral sealing material, thereby forming a void. It can be obtained by filling the liquid crystal.
The liquid crystal display element is also one aspect of the present invention.
[0030]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0031]
Example 1
Preparation of seed particles 90 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water, 10 parts by weight of styrene, 2.5 parts by weight of octyl mercaptan, and 0.02 parts by weight of NaCl are placed in a separable flask. A nitrogen introduction tube was attached, and nitrogen was poured for 1 hour to replace the polymerization atmosphere with nitrogen. Next, the stirring blade was rotated, the temperature was raised to 70 ° C., and nitrogen substitution was further performed for 1 hour. Subsequently, 0.1 part by weight of potassium persulfate dissolved in a small amount of water was poured into the system using a syringe.
Thereafter, the reaction was continued for 24 hours at 70 ° C., and then the temperature was lowered to room temperature to stop the reaction. The polymerization conversion rate at the end of the reaction was 80%. The produced polymerization solution was centrifuged, and solid-liquid separation of the polymerization medium and seed particles was performed. Subsequently, the seed particles were washed and centrifuged twice in the order of ethanol, a mixed medium of ethanol and water, and water to remove excess polymerization initiator, monomer, and chain transfer agent.
[0032]
Measurement of particle diameter Washed seed particles were dispersed in a suitable medium and deposited and fixed on a collodion film supported by a metal mesh. This was observed using a transmission electron microscope. The particle diameter of 200 to 500 arbitrary particles in the photograph taken by this observation was measured, and the average particle diameter and particle diameter distribution were determined. As a result, the average particle diameter Dn was 670 nm, and the CV value was 3.0%.
[0033]
Preparation of crosslinked fine particles A seed particle dispersion was prepared by adding 50 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water and 0.05 parts by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate to 0.5 parts by weight of the obtained seed particles and dispersing them uniformly. Furthermore, 20 parts by weight of a 3% by weight aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol was added and placed in a separable flask. Next, 17.5 parts by weight of divinylbenzene, 1.2 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide (containing 25% water), 175 parts by weight of ion-exchanged water, and 0.35 parts by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate were mixed and finely dispersed and emulsified with a homogenizer. . This emulsion was added to the seed particle dispersion and stirred at 25 ° C. and 100 rpm for 24 hours to allow the seed particles to absorb the emulsion. Subsequently, nitrogen was passed through the system for 1 hour to perform nitrogen substitution, and then polymerization was performed at 70 ° C. for 24 hours while stirring at 200 rpm to obtain crosslinked fine particles. After the completion of the polymerization, the polymerization solution was centrifuged to perform solid-liquid separation between the polymerization medium and the crosslinked fine particles. Subsequently, the crosslinked fine particles were washed and centrifuged twice each in the order of ethanol, a mixed medium of ethanol and water, and water to remove excess polymerization initiator, monomer, and surfactant. About the obtained crosslinked fine particles, the particle diameter and particle system distribution were measured in the same manner as the seed particles, and the compression fracture strength was further measured. Moreover, the liquid crystal display element was produced using the obtained crosslinked fine particles, and the display state was observed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0034]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004113290
[0035]
Example 2
Preparation of seed particles Seed particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of NaCl was changed to 0.06 parts by weight. The obtained seed particles had an average particle diameter Dn = 910 nm and a CV value = 3.2%.
Production of cross-linked fine particles Cross-linked fine particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the seed particles obtained by the above blending were used. The obtained crosslinked fine particles were measured for particle size, particle size distribution, and compressive fracture strength in the same manner as in Example 1, and liquid crystal display elements were produced and the display state was observed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0036]
Example 3
It was used in place of the amount of produced <br/> styrene seed particles 5 parts by weight, to obtain a seed particle in the same manner as in Example 1. The obtained seed particles had an average particle diameter Dn = 510 nm and a CV value = 3.2%.
Production of cross-linked fine particles Cross-linked fine particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the seed particles obtained by the above blending were used and the blending amount of divinylbenzene was 12.5 parts by weight. The obtained crosslinked fine particles were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 for the particle size, particle size distribution, and compressive fracture strength, liquid crystal display elements were prepared, and the display state was observed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0037]
Example 4
Production of crosslinked fine particles The seed particles obtained in Example 1 were used, except that 10.5 parts by weight of divinylbenzene and 7 parts by weight of styrene were used instead of 17.5 parts by weight of divinylbenzene. In the same manner as in Example 1, crosslinked fine particles were obtained. The obtained crosslinked fine particles were measured for particle size, particle size distribution, and compressive fracture strength in the same manner as in Example 1, and liquid crystal display elements were produced and the display state was observed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0038]
Example 5
5 ml of divinylbenzene and 0.1 g of azobisisobutylnitrile were dissolved in 95 ml of acetonitrile and put into a 200 ml separable flask. A cooling pipe, a stirring blade, and a nitrogen introduction pipe were attached to this container, and nitrogen was allowed to flow through the system while stirring to perform nitrogen replacement for about 1 hour. Thereafter, the temperature of the system was raised to 70 ° C., and polymerization was continued for 24 hours to obtain fine particles. The obtained fine particles were subjected to solid-liquid separation by centrifugation, and washing with methanol was repeated three times. For the washed fine particles, the particle size, particle size distribution, and compressive fracture strength were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and a liquid crystal display device was prepared and the display state was observed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0039]
Comparative Example 1
Production of crosslinked fine particles The seed particles obtained in Example 1 were used, except that 14 parts by weight of styrene and 3.5 parts by weight of divinylbenzene were used instead of 17.5 parts by weight of divinylbenzene. In the same manner as in Example 1, crosslinked fine particles were obtained. The obtained crosslinked fine particles were measured for particle size, particle size distribution, and compressive fracture strength in the same manner as in Example 1, and liquid crystal display elements were produced and the display state was observed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0040]
Comparative Example 2
Using a 2.0 [mu] m product of baked silica particles, the particle size, particle size distribution, and compressive fracture strength were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and a liquid crystal display device was prepared and the display state was observed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0041]
Comparative Example 3
The particle size was adjusted by adding a mixture of 100 parts by weight of divinylbenzene and 2 parts by weight of benzoyl peroxide to 800 parts by weight of a 3% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol and stirring the mixture with a homogenizer. Then, it heated up to 80 degreeC under nitrogen stream, stirring, and reacted for 15 hours. The obtained fine particles were washed with hot ion exchange water and methanol, and then classified. With respect to the classified fine particles, the particle size, particle size distribution, and compressive fracture strength were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and a liquid crystal display device was prepared and the display state was observed. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
The spacer for a liquid crystal display element of the present invention has a particle size suitable as a spacer for a display element for high-speed response, etc., and has a hardness that does not damage the alignment film even during pressing during the production of the liquid crystal display element. Easy to follow changes in liquid crystal due to heat shrinkage. Moreover, the liquid crystal display element using the said spacer for liquid crystal display elements has a favorable display state.

Claims (3)

平均粒子径が1〜3μmであり、CV値が5%以下であり、微小圧縮試験器を用い、ダイヤモンド製の直径50μmの円柱の平滑端面で、液晶表示素子用スペーサを圧縮硬度0.27g/秒で圧縮した際の、粒子の破断時の強度を表す値である圧縮破壊強度が0.1〜1.0gfである有機重合体微粒子を用いてなることを特徴とする液晶表示素子用スペーサ。The average particle diameter is 1 to 3 μm, the CV value is 5% or less, and the spacer for a liquid crystal display element is compressed with a compression hardness of 0.27 g / s on a smooth end surface of a cylinder made of diamond having a diameter of 50 μm. A spacer for a liquid crystal display element, comprising organic polymer fine particles having a compressive fracture strength of 0.1 to 1.0 gf, which is a value representing the strength at the time of fracture of particles when compressed in seconds . シード重合方法又は分散重合方法により得られる有機重合体微粒子を用いる請求項1記載の液晶表示素子用スペーサ。  The spacer for liquid crystal display elements according to claim 1, wherein organic polymer fine particles obtained by a seed polymerization method or a dispersion polymerization method are used. 請求項1又は2記載の液晶表示素子用スペーサを用いてなることを特徴とする液晶表示素子。  A liquid crystal display element comprising the liquid crystal display element spacer according to claim 1.
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