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JP4123662B2 - Electrical steel sheet for small electrical equipment and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
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JP4123662B2 - Electrical steel sheet for small electrical equipment and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Electrical steel sheet for small electrical equipment and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4123662B2
JP4123662B2 JP34422999A JP34422999A JP4123662B2 JP 4123662 B2 JP4123662 B2 JP 4123662B2 JP 34422999 A JP34422999 A JP 34422999A JP 34422999 A JP34422999 A JP 34422999A JP 4123662 B2 JP4123662 B2 JP 4123662B2
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orientation
steel sheet
annealing
less
electrical steel
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JP2001158950A (en
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康之 早川
誠司 岡部
猛 今村
光正 黒沢
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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Priority to JP34422999A priority Critical patent/JP4123662B2/en
Priority to US09/722,017 priority patent/US6562473B1/en
Priority to EP00126202A priority patent/EP1108794B1/en
Priority to TW089125509A priority patent/TW486522B/en
Priority to DE60016149T priority patent/DE60016149T2/en
Priority to CN00137241A priority patent/CN1124357C/en
Priority to KR1020000072525A priority patent/KR100727333B1/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、主として小型のモーターや発電機の鉄心材料に用いて好適な小型電気機器用電磁鋼板およびその製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
電磁鋼板の磁気特性は、結晶方位の影響を受け、結晶粒の磁化容易軸<001>が鋼板面に平行になっていることが優れた磁気特性を得る上で必要なことが知られている。
【0003】
ところで、従来の電磁鋼板は、一般用冷延鋼板またはそれを脱炭した低級品、あるいはSiを添加し、さらに不純物を減少して鉄損を減少させた無方向性電磁鋼板や二次再結晶を利用してゴス({110}<001>)方位粒を優先成長させた一方向性電磁鋼板、さらには正キューブ({100}<001>)方位を発達させた二方向性電磁鋼板に分かれている。
このうち無方向性電磁鋼板は、集合組織の発達が弱く、板面内に<001>軸が平行である結晶粒の数が少ないため、方向性電磁鋼板に比べると良好な磁気特性は得られない。
【0004】
また、変圧器の鉄心材料として最も一般的に使用されている、ゴス方位に集積した結晶粒からなる一方向性電磁鋼板は、圧延方向に<001>が高度に集積していることから、圧延方向に磁化する場合には優れた磁気特性を示す。しかしながら、面内には磁化が最も困難である<111>軸も含まれているため、この方向に磁化する場合には磁気特性は極めて悪い。
そのため、変圧器のように一方向の磁気特性が良好であればよい用途には有効ではあるが、モーターや発電機の鉄心材料のように面内のあらゆる方向で良好な磁気特性を必要とする場合には、一方向性電磁鋼板を使用しても良好な磁気特性は得られない。
【0005】
これらの電磁鋼板に対し、{100}面を圧延面とする結晶組織を持つ電磁鋼板を製造することができれば、圧延面内には<100>軸が多く、また<111>軸が存在しないために有利である。特に圧延面が{100}で<001>軸の方向がランダムである{100}<uvw>組織は、面内における磁気特性の異方性が全くなくなるので、モーター用の材料として理想的である。
【0006】
そのため{100}組織を発達させる技術は古くから試みられてきた。
例えば、特公昭51−942 号公報には、冷間圧延の圧下率を85%以上好ましくは90%以上とした上で、 700〜1200℃で1分〜1時間の長時間焼鈍を施す方法が開示されている。
しかしながら、この方法では、圧延後には{100}組織が発達するものの、再結晶させると{111}組織も発達するために、良好な磁気特性は得られない。
【0007】
また、特公昭57−14411 号公報には、冷間圧延後の再結晶時にγ相からα相への相変態における冷却速度を制御することによって{100}組織を発達させる方法が開示されている。
しかしながら、この技術では、再結晶時にγ変態を起こすことが前提になるので、α層を安定化するSi量を高めることはできない。例えば、C,Mnを含まない場合には、Si量が約2wt%以上になるとγ変態が起こらず、その場合にはこの技術を適用することはできない。従って、この技術は、鉄損の低減に有利なSiを増量することができない不利な方法といえる。
【0008】
さらに、特開平5−5126号公報には、Cを 0.006〜0.020 wt%含む成分の鋼について、冷間圧延後、 900〜1100℃に加熱して再結晶させたのち、900 ℃以下で再結晶焼鈍を施す技術が開示されている。
この技術により得られる磁気特性は、実施例1によると圧延方向と圧延直角方向の磁束密度B50の平均値で1.66〜1.68T程度であり、鋼板面内における<001>軸の集積度は高いとはいえない。
以上述べたとおり、無方向性電磁鋼板の製造法に改良を加える従来の方法では、集積度の高い{100}組織は得られておらず、従って磁気特性の改善は不十分であった。
【0009】
一方、二次再結晶によって正キューブ組織を発達させる、いわゆる二方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法も古くから検討されている。
例えば、特公昭35−2657号公報には、一方向に冷間圧延したのち、さらにこの方向と交差する向きに冷間圧延を加え、短時間焼鈍と 900〜1300℃の高温焼鈍を行う、いわゆるクロス圧延により、正キューブ方位粒をインヒビターを利用して二次再結晶させる方法が、また特開平4−362132号公報には、熱延方向に対して直角の方向に50〜90%の圧下率で冷延したのち、一次再結晶を目的とする焼鈍を施し、ついで二次再結晶と純化を目的とする最終仕上焼鈍を施して、正キューブ方位粒をAlNを利用して二次再結晶させる方法が開示されている。
これらの二次再結晶を利用する方法では、面内の<100>軸が圧延方向に高度に集積しているため、圧延方向および圧延直角方向の磁化特性は良好ではあるが、圧延方向から45°の方向は<110>方向になるので、この方向の磁化特性は悪い。
【0010】
ところで、電磁鋼板を積層して使用する小型トランスの代表的な形状として、図1に示すような、EI型コアが知られている。
このようなEI型コア用の鉄心材料としては、無方向性電磁鋼板と方向性電磁鋼板の両方が現在用いられている。
無方向性電磁鋼板を使用した場合は、方向性電磁鋼板を使用した場合に比べ、磁気特性のレベルが低いために、コアの磁気特性は劣っている。しかしながら、無方向性電磁鋼板は、方向性電磁鋼板に比べて製造プロセスが単純で価格が低いため、経済的な観点から使用されている。
【0011】
他方、方向性電磁鋼板は、上述したとおり、圧延方向の磁気特性は良好ではあるが圧延直角方向の磁気特性は著しく劣っている。EI型コアの鉄心材料として使用した場合、磁束の流れは圧延方向と圧延直角方向の両方にまたがるので、無方向性電磁鋼板よりも良好ではあるが、磁気特性的に方向性電磁鋼板の有利な使用方法がなされているとは言えない。
【0012】
磁気特性的には、圧延方向と圧延直角方向の両方の磁気特性が良好な二方向性電磁鋼板が最も有利であると考えられる。
しかしながら、従来の技術では、二方向性電磁鋼板の製造には生産性が極めて低いクロス圧延が必要とされており、工業的に大量生産されたことは未だかつてない。
また、EI型コアのような小型のトランス鉄心での磁束の流れは直角に変化する部分の影響も小さくないので、圧延方向から45°の方向の磁気特性が悪い二方向性電磁鋼板も必ずしも理想的な材料とは言えない。
上述したとおり、従来の技術では、EI型コアのような小型トランスの鉄心材料として理想的な材料は提供されていない。
【0013】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記の問題を有利に解決するもので、磁気特性的に最も有利なだけでなく、経済的にも有利な全く新しい小型電気機器用電磁鋼板を、その有利な製造方法と共に提案することを目的とする。
【0014】
【課題を解決するための手段】
さて、発明者らは、上記の目的を達成すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、試行錯誤の末に、小型のトランス等の使途に最適な電磁鋼板を開発し、本発明を完成するに至ったのである。
【0015】
すなわち、本発明の要旨構成は次のとおりである。
1.質量百分率で
Si:2.0 〜8.0 %,
Mn:0.005 〜3.0 %,
Al:0.0010〜0.020 %
を含み、かつSe,S,OおよびNの含有量をそれぞれ 30ppm以下に抑制し、残部はFe および不可避的不純物の組成になり、鋼板を構成する二次再結晶粒の方位につき、正キューブ({100}<001>)方位からの方位差が 20 °以内である二次再結晶粒の面積率が 50 %以上、 80 %以下で、かつゴス({110}<001>)方位からの方位差が 20 °以内である二次再結晶粒の面積率が6%以上、 20 %以下であることを特徴とする小型電気機器用電磁鋼板。
【0017】
.鋼板が、さらに、質量百分率で
Ni:0.01〜1.50%,
Sn:0.01〜1.50%,
Sb:0.005 〜0.50%,
Cu:0.01〜1.50%,
Mo:0.005 〜0.50%および
Cr:0.01〜1.50%
のうちから選んだ少なくとも一種を含有する組成になることを特徴とする上記記載の小型電気機器用電磁鋼板。
【0018】
3.質量百分率で
C:0.003 〜0.08%,
Si:2.0 〜8.0 %,
Mn:0.005 〜3.0 %,
Al:0.0010〜0.020 %
を含み、かつSe,S,OおよびNの含有量をそれぞれ 30ppm以下に抑制し、残部は Fe および不可避的不純物の組成になる鋼スラブを、熱間圧延し、ついで 950〜1200℃以下の温度で熱延板焼鈍を施したのち、1回または中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延を施し、ついで再結晶焼鈍後、必要に応じて焼鈍分離剤を適用してから、 750℃から最終仕上焼鈍温度までの平均加熱速度を25℃/h以下として 800℃以上の温度域まで加熱する最終仕上焼鈍を行うことを特徴とする小型電気機器用電磁鋼板の製造方法。
【0019】
.鋼スラブが、さらに、質量百分率で
Ni:0.01〜1.50%,
Sn:0.01〜1.50%,
Sb:0.005 〜0.50%,
Cu:0.01〜1.50%,
Mo:0.005 〜0.50%および
Cr:0.01〜1.50%
のうちから選んだ少なくとも一種を含有する組成になることを特徴とする上記記載の小型電気機器用電磁鋼板の製造方法。
【0020】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を由来するに至った実験結果について説明する。
C:0.010%(質量百分率。以下、同じ),Si:2.5%、Mn:0.05%、Al:0.0080%、N:8ppm およびO:12 ppmを含有し、インヒビター成分を含まない組成になる鋼塊Aを、連続鋳造によって製造し、1120℃に加熱後、熱間圧延により 2.8mm厚の熱延板とした。ついで、この熱延板を、窒素雰囲気中にて種々の温度で1分間均熱したのち、急冷し、ついで 230℃の温度で冷間圧延を行って0.35mmの最終板厚に仕上げた。ついで、水素:75 vol%、窒素:25 vol%、露点:35℃の雰囲気中にて 920℃で均熱20秒の再結晶焼鈍を行い、Cを0.0020%以下まで低減したのち、最終仕上焼鈍を施した。最終仕上焼鈍は、常温から750 ℃までは50℃/hの速度で、また 750℃から 900℃までは5℃/hの速度で加熱し、この温度に50時間保持する方法にて行った。
【0021】
仕上焼鈍後のマクロ組織について調査した結果、全ての熱延板焼鈍温度で二次再結晶が完了していた。
また、仕上焼鈍後の圧延方向(L方向)および圧延方向に対して直角方向(C方向)の磁束密度について調査した。
さらに、得られた製品板を用いてEI型コアを作製し、その鉄損 (W15/50)を測定した。
【0022】
図2に、熱延板焼鈍温度と製品板のL方向およびC方向の磁束密度B50ならびにそれらの比B50(L)/B50(C) との関係を整理して示す。
図2に示したように、熱延板焼鈍温度が低い場合にはL方向の磁束密度の方がC方向よりも著しく高いものの、熱延板焼鈍温度が高くなると、最終的にC方向の特性がL方向よりもわずかに高くなることが判明した。
【0023】
次に、図3に、EI型のコアの鉄損と製品板のL,C方向の磁束密度比B50(L)/B50(C) との関係を示す。
図3に示したように、EI型コアの鉄損は、L方向とC方向の磁束密度の比が1.005 〜1.100 の範囲、すなわちL方向の磁束密度がC方向のそれよりも若干高い場合に、最も良好になることが新規に知見された。
【0024】
次に、このような磁束密度の違いは鋼板の集合組織の差によるものと考え、各々の製品板について、その表面の二次再結晶粒の方位測定を、X線回折ラウエ法を用いて 100mm×280mm の領域について行い、各結晶方位粒の面積率を求めた。
図4に、熱延板焼鈍温度と製品板のゴス({110}<001>)方位からのずれ角が20°以内の結晶粒の面積率および正キューブ({100}<001>)方位粒からのずれ角が20°以内の結晶粒の面積率との関係を示す。
鋼塊Aでは、熱延板焼鈍温度が 950℃以上になると、正キューブ方位近傍の結晶粒が最も多く、少数のゴス方位近傍の結晶粒が少数混在する状態となることが分かった。
定量的には、図4によると、磁束密度の比が 1.005〜1.100 の範囲であった熱延板焼鈍温度が 950〜1200℃の時には、正キューブ方位からのずれ角が20°以内である結晶粒の比率が50〜80%、一方ゴス方位からのずれ角が20°以内の結晶方位を持つ二次再結晶粒の比率は6〜20%であった。
【0025】
そこで、発明者らは次に、上記の知見、すなわちL方向の磁束密度がC方向よりも若干高い場合に、EI型コアの鉄損が最も良好であることを確認するために、鋼塊Aの製品板と同じ板厚:0.35mmで、Siを 2.5%含有し、ゴス方位が集積している一方向性電磁鋼板、および正キューブ方位が高度に集積している二方向性電磁鋼板の製品板を用いて、同一のEI型コアを作製し、単板での磁束密度およびコア組み立て後の鉄損を比較してみた。
得られた結果を図5(a), (b)に示す。
【0026】
同図に示したとおり、EI型コアの鉄損は、一方向性電磁鋼板や二方向性電磁鋼板を用いた場合よりも、鋼塊Aから得られた電磁鋼板を用いた場合の方が優れていることが分かる。
なお、L方向とC方向の磁束密度の比は、鋼塊Aにおいては 1.015であったのに対して、一方向性電磁鋼板では1.331 、二方向性電磁鋼板では1.002 といずれも前述の好適な範囲から外れていた。
この結果は、発明者らの実験から得られたEI型コアの鉄損はL方向とC方向の磁束密度の比が 1.005〜1.100 の範囲、すなわちL方向がC方向より若干高い場合に鉄損が最も良好になることを裏付づけている。
【0027】
なお、参考のため、一方向性電磁鋼板および二方向性電磁鋼板の各製品板表面の二次再結晶粒の方位測定を、X線回折ラウエ法を用いて 100mm×280mm の領域について行い、各結晶方位粒の面積率を求めた。
その結果、一方向性電磁鋼板の製品板における二次再結晶粒のゴス方位からのずれ角が20°以内の二次再結晶粒の存在頻度は96%であり、また二方向性電磁鋼板の製品板における二次再結晶粒の正キューブ方位からのずれ角が20°以内の二次再結晶粒の存在頻度は90%であった。
【0028】
このような一方向性および二方向性電磁鋼板の製品板における高度な方位集積は、磁気特性の異方性を著しく増加させる。そのために様々な方向へと磁束の流れが変化しがちな小型EI型コアでは、鋼塊Aのように正キューブ方位からのずれ角が20°以内である結晶粒が適度に発達して、ゴス方位からのずれ角が20°以内の結晶方位が少量混在した集合組織の方が圧延方向および圧延直角方向の両方の磁気特性が良好で、かつそれ以外の方向での磁気特性の低下も比較的小さいので、EIコアの鉄損が最適になったものと推定される。
【0029】
このように、鋼塊Aを用い、最終仕上焼鈍時の二次再結晶により、正キューブ組織とゴス組織の両方を適度に発達させ、圧延方向の磁束密度と圧延直角方向の磁束密度の比を 1.005〜1.100 とすることにより、EI型の小型トランスの鉄損を効果的に減少させられることが新規に知見された。
【0030】
さらに、発明者らは、鋼塊Aを用いて、最終仕上焼鈍における加熱速度を変化させる次のような実験を行った。
1150℃に加熱したスラブを、熱間圧延によって 2.8mm厚の熱延板としたのち、1180℃の窒素雰囲気中で1分間均熱後、急冷した。ついで、250 ℃の温度で冷間圧延を行って0.35mmの最終板厚に仕上げた後、水素:75 vol%、窒素:25 vol%、露点:35℃の雰囲気中にて 920℃で均熱20秒の再結晶焼鈍を行い、Cを0.0020%以下まで低減したのち、仕上焼鈍を行った。仕上焼鈍は、常温から 750℃までは50℃/hの加熱速度で、 750℃から 900℃までは加熱速度を種々に変更して昇温し、900 ℃で50時間保持する方法にて行った。
【0031】
仕上焼鈍後の圧延方向(L方向)および圧延方向に対して直角方向(C方向)の磁束密度について調査した。
また、得られた製品板を用いてEI型コアを作製し、その鉄損 (W15/50)を測定した。
さらに、各々の製品板の二次再結晶粒の方位測定を、X線回折ラウエ法を用いて 100mm×280mm の領域について行い、正キューブ方位近傍の結晶粒およびゴス方位近傍の結晶粒の存在頻度を調査した。
【0032】
図6(a), (b)に、最終仕上焼鈍時の 750℃以上の温度域における加熱速度と、製品板のL方向およびC方向の磁束密度B50ならびにそれらの比B50(L)/B50(C) との関係を示す。
図6に示したとおり、加熱速度が25℃/h以下の場合に、圧延方向の磁束密度と圧延直角方向の磁束密度の比が 1.005〜1.100 を満たし、加熱速度が25℃/hを超えると圧延直角方向の磁束密度が低下して磁束密度の比が 1.100を超えるようになった。
【0033】
また、図7に、圧延方向の磁束密度と圧延直角方向の磁束密度の比とEI型コアの鉄損との関係を示すが、同図に示したとおり、磁束密度の比が 1.100を超えた場合には、EI型コアの鉄損は急激に劣化する。
【0034】
さらに、図8に、正キューブ方位からのずれ角が20°以内である結晶粒の面積率とゴス方位からのずれ角が20°以内の結晶方位を持つ二次再結晶粒の面積率について調べた結果を示す。
同図に示したとおり、加熱速度が速くなるほど正キューブ方位粒が減少し、ゴス方位粒やその他の方位を持つ結晶粒が増加する傾向にある。
そして、同図によれば、良好な鉄損が得られた加熱速度が25℃/h以下の場合には、正キューブ方位粒の面積率が50〜80%で、かつゴス方位粒の面積率が6〜20%の範囲にあることが分かる。
このように、二次再結晶粒の方位は、 750℃以上の温度域における加熱速度の如何によって変化し、750 ℃以上の温度域での加熱速度を25℃/h以下とすることによって、圧延方向の磁束密度と圧延直角方向の磁束密度の比が 1.005〜1.100を満たすEI型コアの鉄損低減に最適な集合組織が得られることが究明されたのである。
【0035】
【作用】
上述したように、正キューブ組織を主体としてゴス組織を少量発達させた集合組織とすることによって、圧延方向の磁束密度と圧延直角方向の磁束密度の比が 1.005〜1.100 となり、EI型コアの素材として最適の組織となる理由については、必ずしも明らかではないが、発明者らは以下のように考えている。
このような集合組織を得られる製造条件として、素材中にCを 0.003〜0.08%程度含有させることが効果的である。おそらく、固溶Cの影響で圧延時に交差すべりが増加して変形帯の形成を促進し、キューブ粒やゴス粒の再結晶核を増加させるものと推定される。また、冷間圧延時の少なくとも1パスの圧延温度を100〜250 ℃に上昇させて行うことも、同様に交差すべりを増加させて変形帯の形成を促進し、キューブ粒やゴス粒の再結晶核を増加させるのに有効である。
【0036】
先に述べた実験で知見されたように、熱延板焼鈍を 950〜1200℃の温度範囲で行うことが有効である。この場合、冷間圧延前の粒径が粗大になり、粒界からの再結晶核の形成が抑えられ、再結晶焼鈍後の{111}組織が減少するものと考えられる。{111}組織はゴス方位粒によって消費され易いので、ゴス方位粒を優先的に二次再結晶させるのに役立っていることが一般的に知られている。そのため{111}組織を減少させることは、ゴス方位の二次再結晶粒を低減させるのに有効であるものと考えられる。
また、{100}<011>方位粒は、熱延板焼鈍後に特に優先的に粒成長する。しかも、この{100}<011>方位粒は、冷間圧延時に方位が変化しない安定方位である。そして再結晶後においても{100}<011>方位が増加する。また{100}<011>方位粒は、ゴス方位粒によって蚕食されにくいことが知られている。それ故、{100}<011>方位の増加は、ゴス方位粒の成長を抑え、かわって正キューブ方位粒を優先的に成長させるものと考えられる。
【0037】
さらに、最終仕上焼鈍時の加熱速度が小さい場合には、正キューブ方位粒が主に発達し、加熱速度が大きい場合にはゴス方位粒が発達する傾向にあることが知見されたが、この点については、それぞれの方位粒毎に、二次再結晶粒の成長開始までの潜伏時間に加熱速度が異なる影響を及ぼしたものと推定されるが、本質的な機構は明らかでない。
【0038】
また、本発明技術において、インヒビター成分を含まない鋼において二次再結晶が発現する理由については、必ずしも明らかではないが、以下のように考えている。
発明者らは、従来から、ゴス方位粒が二次再結晶する機構について鋭意研究を重ねた結果、一次再結晶組織における方位差角(隣り合う結晶の格子を重ねるのに必要な最小回転角)が20〜45°である粒界が重要な役割を果たしていることを見出し、Acta Material 45巻 (1997) 85ページに報告した。
方向性電磁鋼板の二次再結晶直前の状態である一次再結晶組織を解析し、様々な結晶方位を持つ各々の結晶粒周囲の粒界について、粒界方位差角が20〜45°である粒界の全体に対する割合(%)について調査した結果を、図9に示す。
同図において、結晶方位空間はオイラー角(Φ1、Φ、Φ2)のΦ2=45°断面を用いて表示しており、ゴス方位などの主な方位を摸式的に表示してある。
【0039】
さて、図9によれば、ゴス方位粒周囲における方位差角が20〜45°である粒界の存在頻度については、ゴス方位が最も高い頻度を持つ。方位差角:20〜45°の粒界は、C.G.Dunnらによる実験データ(AIME Transaction 188巻(1949) 368 ページ)によれば、高エネルギー粒界である。高エネルギー粒界は、粒界内の自由空間が大きく乱雑な構造をしている。粒界拡散は、粒界を通じて原子が移動する過程であるので、粒界中の自由空間の大きい高エネルギー粒界の方が粒界拡散が速い。
二次再結晶は、インヒビターと呼ばれる析出物の拡散律速による成長に伴って発現することが知られている。高エネルギー粒界上の析出物は、仕上焼鈍中の優先的に粗大化が進行するので、優先的にピン止めがはずれて、粒界移動を開始しゴス粒が成長する機構を示した。
【0040】
発明者らは、上記の研究をさらに発展させて、ゴス方位粒の二次再結晶の本質的要因は、一次再結晶組織中の高エネルギー粒界の分布状態にあり、インヒビターの役割は、高エネルギー粒界と他の粒界の移動速度差を生じさせることにあることを突き止めた。
従って、この理論に従えば、インヒビターを用いなくとも、粒界の移動速度差を生じさせることができれば、二次再結晶させることが可能となる。
【0041】
鋼中に存在する不純物元素は、粒界特に高エネルギー粒界に偏析し易いため、不純物元素を多く含む場合には、高エネルギー粒界と他の粒界の移動速度に差がなくなっているものと考えられる。
従って、素材の高純度化によって、このような不純物元素の影響を排除してやれば、高エネルギー粒界の構造に依存する本来的な移動速度差が顕在化して、ゴス方位粒の二次再結晶が可能になることが期待される。
以上の考察に基づいて、発明者らは、インヒビター成分を含まない成分系においても、素材の高純度化により二次再結晶を生じさせ得ることを究明したのである。
【0042】
次に、本発明の構成要件の限定理由について説明する。
まず、鋼板の成分組成を前記の範囲に限定した理由について説明する。
Si:2.0 〜8.0 %
Siは、電気抵抗を高め、鉄損を改善する有用元素であるが、含有量が 2.0%に満たないとその効果に乏しく、またγ変態を生じ、熱延組織が大きく変化する他、最終仕上焼鈍において変態し、良好な磁気特性を得ることができない。一方、Si量が 8.0%を超えると、製品の二次加工性が悪化し、さらに飽和磁束密度も低下するので、Si量は 2.0〜8.0 %の範囲に制限した。
【0043】
Mn:0.005 〜3.0 wt%
Mnは、熱間加工性を良好にするために必要な元素であるが、0.005 %未満ではその添加効果に乏しく、一方 3.0%を超えると二次再結晶が困難となるので、Mn量は 0.005〜3.0 %の範囲に制限した。
【0044】
Al:0.0010〜0.020 %
本発明では、Alを微量含有させることによって、仕上焼鈍時の二次再結晶の発現が良好になり、正キューブ方位粒を適度に発達させることができる。しかしながら、含有量が0.0010%に満たないと正キューブ方位およびゴス方位の集積度が低下して磁束密度が低下し、一方 0.020%を超えても、やはり正キューブ方位およびゴス方位の集積度が低下し、所望の磁気特性が得られないので、Alは0.0010〜0.020 %の範囲で含有させるものとした。
ここに、微量Alの影響は明らかではないが、微量Alが表層に緻密な酸化層を形成して、仕上焼鈍時の表面酸化や窒化の進行を抑える働きが有効に働くものと推定される。
なお、本発明では素材成分としては窒素を極力低減するので、AlNをインヒビターとして機能させて二次再結晶させる従来の製造方法とは異なる。
【0045】
Se,S,OおよびN:それぞれ 30ppm以下
Se,S,OおよびNはいずれも、二次再結晶組織の発現を大きく阻害し、しかも地鉄中に残存して鉄損を劣化させる有害元素である。そこで、Se,S,OおびNはいずれも 30ppm以下(望ましくは20ppm 以下)に低減するものとした。
なお、これらの元素はいずれも、後工程で除去が困難なため、溶鋼成分において 30ppm以下、望ましくは 20ppm以下に低減しておくことが好ましい。
【0046】
以上、必須成分および抑制成分について説明したが、本発明ではその他、以下に述べる元素を適宜含有させることができる。
まず、磁束密度を向上させるためにNiを添加することができる。しかしながら、添加量が0.01wt%に満たないと磁気特性の向上量が小さく、一方1.50wt%を超えると二次再結晶粒の発達が不十分で満足いく磁気特性が得られないので、添加量は0.01〜1.50wt%とする。
また、鉄損を向上するために、Sn:0.01〜1.50wt%、Sb:0.005 〜0.50wt%、Cu:0.01〜1.50wt%、Mo:0.005 〜0.50wt%、Cr:0.01〜1.50wt%を添加することができる。これらの元素はいずれも、上記の範囲より添加量が少ない場合には鉄損改善効果がなく、一方添加量が多い場合には二次再結晶粒が発達しなくなり鉄損の劣化を招く。
【0047】
以上、本発明の成分系について説明したが、本発明ではこれだけでは不十分で、圧延方向(L方向)と圧延直角方向(C方向)の磁束密度B50について、次の範囲を満足させる必要がある。
すなわち、EI型コアのような小型トランスの鉄損を効果的に低減するためには、L方向とC方向の磁束密度が共にB50≧1.70Tで、かつこれらの磁束密度比B50(L)/B50(C) が 1.005以上、 1.100以下の範囲に制御することが不可欠である。
というのは、磁束密度B50が1.70T未満では、ヒステリシス損が増加して鉄損が劣化し、一方B50(L)/B50(C) が 1.005以上、 1.100以下の範囲を外れると、コア内部で磁化方向が回転している部分での鉄損が増大し、コア全体の鉄損も劣化するからである。
【0048】
また、上記したような磁気特性を得るためには、製品板を構成する二次再結晶粒の方位制御をすることが効果的である。
すなわち、鋼板を構成する結晶粒の方位につき、正キューブ方位からの方位差が20°以内である結晶粒の面積率が50%以上、80%以下で、かつゴス方位からの方位差が20°以内である結晶粒の面積率が6%以上、20%以下の範囲にすることが重要であり、かような集合組織とすることによって効果的に、L方向とC方向の磁束密度が共にB50≧1.70Tで、かつB50(L)/B50(C) を 1.005以上、 1.100以下の範囲に制御することができる。
【0049】
次に、本発明の製造方法について説明する。
まず、素材成分について説明する。
C:0.003 〜0.08%
Cは、結晶粒内における局所変形を促進して、正キューブおよびゴス組織の発達を促し磁気特性を向上させるのに有効であるが、含有量が 0.003%に満たないと変形帯の生成効果が小さくなるために磁束密度が低下し、一方0.08%を超えると再結晶焼鈍時に除去することが困難になり、また熱延板焼鈍時に部分的にγ変態を起こし、粗大な冷延前粒径を確保しにくくなるので、C量は 0.003〜0.08%の範囲に限定した。
【0050】
その他、SiやMn, Al等の必須成分、SeやS,O, N等の抑制成分およびNiやSn, Sb, Cu, Mo, Cr等の磁気特性改善成分についての添加理由は、電磁鋼板について上述したところと同じである。
【0051】
上記の好適成分組成に調整した溶鋼を、通常の造塊法や連続鋳造法によりスラブとする。また、直接鋳造法を用いて 100mm以下の厚さの薄鋳片を直接製造してもよい。
スラブは、通常の方法で加熱して熱間圧延するが、鋳造後、加熱せずに直ちに熱延に供してもよい。また、薄鋳片の場合には、熱間圧延を行っても良いし、熱間圧延を省略してそのまま以後の工程に進めてもよい。
スラブ加熱温度は、素材成分にインヒビター成分を含まないので、熱間圧延が可能な最低温度の1100℃程度で十分である。
【0052】
ついで、熱延板焼鈍を施すが、正キューブ組織およびゴス組織を製品板において適度に発達させるためには、熱延板焼鈍温度は 950℃以上、1200℃以下とする必要がある。というのは、熱延板焼鈍温度が 950℃未満では冷間圧延前の粒径が粗大化せず、製品板における正キューブおよびゴス組織の発達が低下して所望の磁気特性が得られず、一方1200℃を超えると製品板のゴス組織の発達が低下し、磁束密度の異方性が劣化するからである。
【0053】
熱延板焼鈍後、必要に応じて中間焼鈍を挟む1回以上の冷延を施したのち、脱炭を兼ねる再結晶焼鈍を行い、Cを磁気時効の起こらない 50ppm以下好ましくは30ppm 以下まで低減する。
また、冷間圧延の温度を 100〜250 ℃に上昇させて行うことは正キューブ組織およびゴス組織を発達させる点で有効である。
さらに、最終冷延後の脱炭を兼ねる再結晶焼鈍は 750〜950 ℃の範囲で行うことが好適である。
なお、最終冷間圧延後あるいは再結晶焼鈍後に、浸珪法によってにSi量を増加させる技術を併用してもよい。
【0054】
その後、必要に応じて焼鈍分離剤を適用する。焼鈍分離剤としては、シリカ、アルミナ、マグネシア等の耐火物粉末のスラリーあるいはコロイド溶液が好適である。また、これらの耐火物粉末を静電塗布等のドライコーティングにより鋼板に付着させる方法は、仕上げ焼鈍雰囲気に水分を含ませないためより好ましい。さらに、これらの耐火物を溶射等で表面にコーティングした鋼板を挟み込む方法も適用できる。
【0055】
ついで、最終仕上焼鈍を施すことによって二次再結晶組織を発達させる。
本発明では、上記の最終仕上焼鈍において、 750℃から最終仕上焼鈍温度までの温度域における平均加熱速度を25℃/h以下として 800℃以上の温度域まで加熱することが、正キューブおよびゴス方組織を製品板において速度に発達させる上で極めて重要である。この点、 750℃以上での平均加熱速度が25℃/hを超えると、正キューブ組織が減少してゴス組織が増加し、所望の磁気特性が得られない。なお、750 ℃までの加熱速度は、磁気特性に大きな影響を与えないので任意の条件でよい。
また、上記のような制御加熱を施すべき温度が 800℃に満たないと二次再結晶粒の発達が不十分となり磁気特性が劣化するので、かような制御加熱は 800℃以上まで行う必要がある。
さらに、二次再結晶粒の発達のためには不必要であるが、フォルステライト被膜のような下地被膜を必要とする場合には、1100℃程度まで昇熱することに問題はない。
【0056】
なお、鋼板を積層して使用する場合には、上記の最終仕上焼鈍後、鉄損を改善するために、鋼板表面に絶縁コーティングを施すことが有効である。
この目的のためには、2種類以上の被膜からなる多層膜であっても良いし、また用途に応じて樹脂等を混合させたコーティングを施しても良い。
さらに、張力を付与する燐酸塩を主体とする絶縁コーティングも鉄損や騒音を低下させるために有効である。
【0057】
【実施例】
実施例1
C:0.009 %, Si:2.4 %, Mn:0.02%, Al:0.012 %, Se:3ppm , S:14ppm , O:10ppm およびN:9ppm を含み、残部は実質的にFeの組成になる鋼スラブを、連続鋳造にて製造した。ついで、1100℃, 20分間のスラブ加熱後、熱間圧延により 3.0mm厚の熱延板としたのち、熱延板焼鈍を表1に示す均熱温度で30秒間行ったのち、150 ℃の冷間圧延により0.35mmの最終板厚に仕上げた。
ついで、水素:75 vol%、窒素:25 vol%、露点:20℃の雰囲気中にて 930℃で均熱10秒の再結晶焼鈍を行い、Cを 10ppmに低減したのち、(50%N2+50%Ar)の混合雰囲気中にて 750℃までは50℃/hの速度で、また 750℃以上については表1に示す種々の加熱速度で 950℃まで加熱し、30時間保持する方法にて、仕上焼鈍を行った。
その後、重クロム酸アルミニウム、エマルジョン樹脂、エチレングリコールを混合したコーティング液を塗布し、300 ℃で焼き付けて製品とした。
【0058】
かくして得られた製品板の磁束密度B50をL, C方向について測定した。また、製品板を打ち抜き加工してEI型コアを作製し、その鉄損を測定した。さらに、製品板の結晶方位を、X線回折ラウエ法を用いて 100mm×280mm の領域について測定し、正キューブ方位およびゴス方位からの方位差が20°以内である結晶粒の面積率を求めた。
得られた結果を表1に併記する。
【0059】
【表1】

Figure 0004123662
【0060】
表1によれば、圧延方向(L方向)と圧延直角方向(C方向)の磁束密度B50が共にB50≧1.70Tで、かつ磁束密度の比B50(L)/B50(C) が 1.005以上、1.100 以下を満足する場合に、極めて優れたEI型コア鉄損が得られることが分かる。
また、このような磁気特性は、正キューブ({100}<001>)方位からの方位差が20°以内である結晶粒の面積率が50%以上、80%以下で、かつゴス({110}<001>)方位からの方位差が20°以内である結晶粒の面積率が6%以上、20%以下を満足する場合に得られている。
【0061】
実施例2
C:0.022 %, Si:3.3 %, Mn:0.52%, Al:0.0050%, Se:5ppm , S:5ppm 、O:15ppm およびN:10ppm を含み、残部は実質的にFeの組成になる鋼スラブを、連続鋳造にて製造した。ついで、1200℃, 20分間のスラブ加熱後、熱間圧延により 3.2mm厚の熱延板としたのち、1050℃, 20秒間の熱延板焼鈍を行った。
その後、常温にて冷間圧延を行い 1.5mmの中間厚に仕上げたのち、1000℃, 30秒の中間焼鈍を施し、引き続き常温の冷間圧延にて0.28mmの最終板厚に仕上げた。
ついで、水素:75 vol%、窒素:25 vol%、露点:40℃の雰囲気中にて 850℃で均熱30秒の再結晶焼鈍を行い、Cを 10ppmに低減したのち、アルゴン雰囲気中にて 750℃までは70℃/hの速度で、また 750℃から 820℃までは10℃/hの速度で加熱し、820 ℃に 100時間保持する方法にて、仕上焼鈍を行った。
その後、重クロム酸アルミニウム、エマルジョン樹脂、エチレングリコールを混合したコーティング液を塗布し、300 ℃で焼き付けて製品とした。
【0062】
かくして得られた製品板の磁束密度B50をL, C方向について測定した。また、製品板を打ち抜き加工してEI型コアを作製し、その鉄損を測定した。さらに、製品板の結晶方位を、X線回折ラウエ法を用いて 100mm×280mm の領域について測定し、正キューブ方位およびゴス方位からの方位差が20°以内である結晶粒の面積率を求めた。
得られた結果を表2に示す。
【0063】
【表2】
Figure 0004123662
【0064】
表2に示したとおり、本発明法に従えば、L方向とC方向の磁束密度B50が共にB50≧1.70Tで、かつB50(L)/B50(C) が 1.005以上、1.100 以下を満足する、EI型コア用素材として最適の電磁鋼板を得ることができた。
また、かかる電磁鋼板は、正キューブ({100}<001>)方位からの方位差が20°以内である結晶粒の面積率が50%以上、80%以下で、かつゴス({110}<001>)方位からの方位差が20°以内である結晶粒の面積率が6%以上、20%以下を満足する集合組織となっていた。
【0065】
実施例3
表3に示す種々の成分組成になる鋼スラブを、1160℃に加熱後、熱間圧延により 2.8mm厚の熱延板とした。ついで、1100℃で均熱60秒の条件で熱延板焼鈍を行ったのち、250 ℃の温度で0.50mmの最終板厚に仕上げた。
ついで、水素:75 vol%、窒素:25 vol%、露点:35℃の雰囲気中にて 900℃で均熱20秒の脱炭を兼ねる再結晶焼鈍を行い、Cを 20ppmに低減した。
ついで、窒素雰囲気中にて 750〜950 ℃まで 2.5℃/hで昇温する仕上焼鈍を行った。
その後、リン酸アルミニウム、重クロム酸カリウム、ホウ酸を混合したコーティング液を塗布し、300 ℃で焼き付けて製品とした。
【0066】
かくして得られた製品板の磁束密度B50をL, C方向について測定した。また、製品板を打ち抜き加工してEI型コアを作製し、その鉄損を測定した。さらに、製品板の結晶方位を、X線回折ラウエ法を用いて 100mm×280mm の領域について測定し、正キューブ方位およびゴス方位からの方位差が20°以内である結晶粒の面積率を求めた。
得られた結果を表4に示す。
【0067】
【表3】
Figure 0004123662
【0068】
【表4】
Figure 0004123662
【0069】
表4に示したとおり、本発明の成分組成範囲を満足し、かつL方向およびC方向の磁束密度ならびにこれらの比B50(L)/B50(C) が適正範囲を満足するものはいずれも、EI型コアにおいて良好な鉄損が得られている。
【0070】
以上、実施例では、本発明の電磁鋼板の用途としてEI型コアを製造した場合について説明したが、本発明の用途は必ずしもEI型コアのような小型トランスに限定されるものではない。
本発明の電磁鋼板は、圧延方向および圧延直角方向の磁気特性が無方向性電磁鋼板に比べて格段に優れているため、通常のモーターに使用しても高い効率を得ることができる。
なお、従来技術で製造される二方向性電磁鋼板と比較すると、磁気特性はやや劣るものの、素材としてインヒビターを使用せず、また製造工程としてクロス圧延を施す必要がないので、低コストにて大量生産可能であるという大きな利点がある。
【0071】
【発明の効果】
本発明に従い得られた電磁鋼板は、従来の一方向性電磁鋼板や二方向性電磁鋼板に比較して、磁気特性の異方性が小さいので、コア内部での磁束の方向の変化が大きい小型モーターや発電気用の鉄心材料の素材として最適である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 EI型コアの形状を示した図である。
【図2】 熱延板焼鈍温度と、製品板のL方向およびC方向の磁束密度B50ならびにそれらの比B50(L)/B50(C) との関係を示したグラフである。
【図3】 製品板におけるB50(L)/B50(C) とEI型コアの鉄損(W15/50 )との関係を示したグラフである。
【図4】 熱延板焼鈍温度と、製品板におけるゴス({110}<001>)方位からのずれ角が20°以内の結晶粒の面積率および正キューブ({100}<001>)方位粒からのずれ角が20°以内の結晶粒の面積率との関係を示したグラフである。
【図5】 鋼魂A、一方向性電磁鋼板および二方向性電磁鋼板それぞれの磁束密度およびEI型コアでの鉄損を示した図である。
【図6】 最終仕上焼鈍時の 750℃以上の温度域における加熱速度と、製品板のL方向およびC方向の磁束密度B50ならびにそれらの比B50(L)/B50(C) との関係を示したグラフである。
【図7】 製品板におけるL方向とC方向の磁束密度B50の比B50(L)/B50(C)とEI型コアの鉄揖(W15/50 )との関係を示したグラフである。
【図8】 最終仕上焼鈍時の 750℃以上の温度域における加熱速度と、製品板における、ゴス({110}<001>)方位からのずれ角が20°以内の結晶粒の面積率および正キューブ({100}<001>)方位粒からのずれ角が20°以内の結晶粒の面積率との関係を示したグラフである。
【図9】 一次再結晶組織における、様々な結晶方位を持つ各々の結晶粒周囲の粒界について、粒界方位差角が20〜45°である粒界の全体に対する割合(%)を示した図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a magnetic steel sheet for small electrical equipment that is suitable mainly for use as a core material for small motors and generators, and a method for manufacturing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It is known that the magnetic properties of the electrical steel sheet are affected by the crystal orientation, and that it is necessary to obtain excellent magnetic properties that the easy axis <001> of the crystal grains is parallel to the steel plate surface. .
[0003]
By the way, the conventional electrical steel sheet is a general cold-rolled steel sheet or a low-grade product obtained by decarburizing it, or a non-oriented electrical steel sheet or secondary recrystallization in which Si is added to further reduce impurities by reducing impurities. Is divided into a unidirectional electrical steel sheet with preferential growth of goth ({110} <001>) orientation grains and a bi-directional electrical steel sheet with a positive cube ({100} <001>) orientation developed. ing.
Among these, the non-oriented electrical steel sheet has a weak texture development and a small number of crystal grains with the <001> axis in parallel in the plate surface, so that better magnetic properties are obtained compared to the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet. Absent.
[0004]
Further, the unidirectional electrical steel sheet made of crystal grains accumulated in the goth orientation, which is most commonly used as a core material of a transformer, has a high accumulation of <001> in the rolling direction. When magnetized in the direction, excellent magnetic properties are exhibited. However, since the <111> axis, which is the most difficult to magnetize, is included in the plane, the magnetic properties are extremely poor when magnetized in this direction.
Therefore, it is effective for applications that require good magnetic properties in one direction, such as transformers, but requires good magnetic properties in all directions in the plane, such as iron core materials for motors and generators. In some cases, good magnetic properties cannot be obtained even if a unidirectional electrical steel sheet is used.
[0005]
If an electromagnetic steel sheet having a crystal structure with the {100} plane as a rolling surface can be manufactured with respect to these electromagnetic steel sheets, there are many <100> axes and no <111> axes in the rolling plane. Is advantageous. In particular, the {100} <uvw> structure in which the rolled surface is {100} and the direction of the <001> axis is random is ideal as a material for a motor because there is no in-plane magnetic property anisotropy. .
[0006]
Therefore, techniques for developing {100} structures have been tried for a long time.
For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-942 discloses a method of annealing at 700 to 1200 ° C. for 1 minute to 1 hour with a cold rolling reduction of 85% or more, preferably 90% or more. It is disclosed.
However, with this method, a {100} structure develops after rolling, but a {111} structure also develops when recrystallized, so that good magnetic properties cannot be obtained.
[0007]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-14411 discloses a method of developing a {100} structure by controlling the cooling rate in the phase transformation from the γ phase to the α phase during recrystallization after cold rolling. .
However, this technique is premised on causing a γ transformation during recrystallization, so the amount of Si that stabilizes the α layer cannot be increased. For example, when C and Mn are not included, the γ transformation does not occur when the Si content is about 2 wt% or more, and in this case, this technique cannot be applied. Therefore, this technique can be said to be a disadvantageous method in which the amount of Si advantageous for reducing iron loss cannot be increased.
[0008]
Furthermore, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-5126, a steel containing 0.006 to 0.020 wt% of C is recrystallized after being cold-rolled and heated to 900 to 1100 ° C. and then recrystallized at 900 ° C. or less. A technique for annealing is disclosed.
According to Example 1, the magnetic characteristics obtained by this technique are as follows: the magnetic flux density B in the rolling direction and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.50The average value is about 1.66 to 1.68 T, and it cannot be said that the degree of integration of the <001> axis in the steel plate surface is high.
As described above, in the conventional method for improving the manufacturing method of the non-oriented electrical steel sheet, a {100} structure with a high degree of integration has not been obtained, and therefore the improvement in magnetic properties has been insufficient.
[0009]
On the other hand, a so-called bi-directional electrical steel sheet manufacturing method in which a positive cube structure is developed by secondary recrystallization has long been studied.
For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 35-2657 discloses so-called cold rolling in one direction and then cold rolling in a direction crossing this direction to perform short-time annealing and high-temperature annealing at 900 to 1300 ° C. A method of performing secondary recrystallization of grains having a normal cube orientation by using an inhibitor by cross rolling is disclosed in JP-A-4-362132 in which a rolling reduction of 50 to 90% is performed in a direction perpendicular to the hot rolling direction. After cold rolling, annealing is performed for the purpose of primary recrystallization, followed by final finishing annealing for the purpose of secondary recrystallization and purification, and secondary cubes are recrystallized using AlN. A method is disclosed.
In these methods utilizing secondary recrystallization, since the in-plane <100> axes are highly accumulated in the rolling direction, the magnetization characteristics in the rolling direction and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction are good, but from the rolling direction, Since the direction of ° is the <110> direction, the magnetization characteristics in this direction are poor.
[0010]
By the way, an EI type core as shown in FIG. 1 is known as a typical shape of a small transformer in which electromagnetic steel sheets are laminated and used.
As such an EI type core material, both non-oriented electrical steel sheets and directional electrical steel sheets are currently used.
When a non-oriented electrical steel sheet is used, the magnetic characteristics of the core are inferior because the level of magnetic characteristics is lower than when a directional electrical steel sheet is used. However, non-oriented electrical steel sheets are used from an economical viewpoint because they have a simpler manufacturing process and are less expensive than grain oriented electrical steel sheets.
[0011]
On the other hand, as described above, the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet has good magnetic properties in the rolling direction, but has extremely poor magnetic properties in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction. When used as an iron core material for an EI type core, the flow of magnetic flux extends in both the rolling direction and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction, so it is better than a non-oriented electrical steel sheet, but is advantageous in terms of magnetic properties. It cannot be said that usage has been made.
[0012]
In terms of magnetic characteristics, it is considered that a bi-directional electrical steel sheet having good magnetic characteristics in both the rolling direction and the direction perpendicular to the rolling is most advantageous.
However, in the prior art, the production of the bi-directional electrical steel sheet requires cross rolling with extremely low productivity, and it has never been mass-produced industrially.
In addition, since the flow of magnetic flux in a small transformer core such as an EI core is not affected by the part that changes at right angles, a bi-directional electrical steel sheet with poor magnetic properties at 45 ° from the rolling direction is not necessarily ideal. It is not a typical material.
As described above, the conventional technology does not provide an ideal material as a core material for a small transformer such as an EI core.
[0013]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention advantageously solves the above-mentioned problems, and proposes a completely new electromagnetic steel sheet for small electrical equipment which is not only most advantageous in terms of magnetic properties but also economically advantageous, together with its advantageous manufacturing method. For the purpose.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Now, as a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the inventors have developed a magnetic steel sheet optimal for the use of a small transformer after trial and error, and have completed the present invention. It is.
[0015]
  That is, the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows.
1. By mass percentage
    Si: 2.0 to 8.0%,
    Mn: 0.005 to 3.0%,
    Al: 0.0010 to 0.020%
And the contents of Se, S, O and N are suppressed to 30 ppm or less respectively, and the balance isFe And inevitable impuritiesThe composition ofRegarding the orientation of secondary recrystallized grains constituting the steel sheet, the orientation difference from the normal cube ({100} <001>) orientation is 20 The area ratio of secondary recrystallized grains within 50 %more than, 80 % And the difference in orientation from the Goth ({110} <001>) orientation is 20 The area ratio of secondary recrystallized grains within 6 ° is 6% or more, 20 % Or lessAn electrical steel sheet for small electrical equipment.
[0017]
2. The steel plate is also in mass percentage
    Ni: 0.01 to 1.50%,
    Sn: 0.01 to 1.50%,
    Sb: 0.005 to 0.50%,
    Cu: 0.01 to 1.50%,
    Mo: 0.005-0.50% and
    Cr: 0.01 to 1.50%
A composition containing at least one selected from the above1The electrical steel sheet for small electrical equipment described.
[0018]
3. By mass percentage
    C: 0.003 to 0.08%,
    Si: 2.0 to 8.0%,
    Mn: 0.005 to 3.0%,
    Al: 0.0010 to 0.020%
And the content of Se, S, O and N is controlled to 30ppm or less respectively.And the rest Fe And inevitable impuritiesThe steel slab having the composition is hot-rolled, then subjected to hot-rolled sheet annealing at a temperature of 950 to 1200 ° C or less, and then cold-rolled once or twice with intermediate annealing, and then recrystallized. After annealing, if necessary, apply annealing separator, then 750 ℃To final finish annealing temperatureA method for producing a magnetic steel sheet for small electrical equipment, characterized by performing final finish annealing in which the average heating rate is 25 ° C / h or less and heating to a temperature range of 800 ° C or higher.
[0019]
4. Steel slabs, in addition, by mass percentage
    Ni: 0.01 to 1.50%,
    Sn: 0.01 to 1.50%,
    Sb: 0.005 to 0.50%,
    Cu: 0.01 to 1.50%,
    Mo: 0.005-0.50% and
    Cr: 0.01 to 1.50%
A composition containing at least one selected from the above3The manufacturing method of the electrical steel sheet for small electrical equipment of description.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  Hereinafter, the experimental results that led to the present invention will be described.
  C: 0.010% (percentage by mass; the same applies hereinafter), Si: 2.5%, Mn: 0.05%, Al: 0.0080%, N: 8ppm and O: 12ppm A was produced by continuous casting, heated to 1120 ° C., and then hot-rolled into a 2.8 mm thick hot-rolled sheet. Next, this hot rolled sheetNitroAfter soaking for 1 minute at various temperatures in an elementary atmosphere, it was quenched and then cold rolled at a temperature of 230 ° C. to a final thickness of 0.35 mm. Next, recrystallization annealing was performed at 920 ° C for 20 seconds in an atmosphere of hydrogen: 75 vol%, nitrogen: 25 vol%, dew point: 35 ° C, C was reduced to 0.0020% or less, and final finish annealing Was given. The final finish annealing was carried out by heating at a rate of 50 ° C./h from room temperature to 750 ° C. and heating at a rate of 5 ° C./h from 750 ° C. to 900 ° C. and holding at this temperature for 50 hours.
[0021]
As a result of investigating the macrostructure after finish annealing, secondary recrystallization was completed at all hot-rolled sheet annealing temperatures.
Further, the magnetic flux density in the rolling direction (L direction) after finish annealing and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (C direction) was investigated.
Furthermore, an EI type core is produced using the obtained product plate, and its iron loss (W15/50) Was measured.
[0022]
FIG. 2 shows the hot-rolled sheet annealing temperature and the magnetic flux density B in the L direction and C direction of the product plate.50And their ratio B50(L) / B50The relationship with (C) is organized and shown.
As shown in FIG. 2, when the hot-rolled sheet annealing temperature is low, the magnetic flux density in the L direction is significantly higher than that in the C direction. Was found to be slightly higher than in the L direction.
[0023]
Next, FIG. 3 shows the iron loss of the EI core and the magnetic flux density ratio B in the L and C directions of the product plate.50(L) / B50The relationship with (C) is shown.
As shown in FIG. 3, the iron loss of the EI type core is when the ratio of the magnetic flux density in the L direction to the C direction is in the range of 1.005 to 1.100, that is, when the magnetic flux density in the L direction is slightly higher than that in the C direction. Newly found to be the best.
[0024]
Next, the difference in magnetic flux density is considered to be due to the difference in the texture of the steel sheet, and the orientation of the secondary recrystallized grains on the surface of each product plate is measured 100 mm using the X-ray diffraction Laue method. This was carried out for a region of × 280 mm, and the area ratio of each crystal orientation grain was determined.
FIG. 4 shows the crystal grain area ratio and the positive cube ({100} <001>) orientation grains whose deviation angle from the hot rolled sheet annealing temperature and the goth ({110} <001>) orientation of the product board is within 20 °. Shows the relationship with the area ratio of crystal grains with a deviation angle of 20 ° or less.
In the steel ingot A, it was found that when the hot-rolled sheet annealing temperature was 950 ° C. or higher, the number of crystal grains in the vicinity of the normal cube orientation was the largest, and a small number of crystal grains in the vicinity of the small number of Goth directions were mixed.
Quantitatively, according to FIG. 4, when the hot-rolled sheet annealing temperature where the ratio of magnetic flux density was in the range of 1.005 to 1.100 is 950 to 1200 ° C, the deviation angle from the normal cube orientation is within 20 °. The ratio of grains was 50 to 80%, while the ratio of secondary recrystallized grains having a crystal orientation whose deviation angle from the Goss orientation was within 20 ° was 6 to 20%.
[0025]
Therefore, in order to confirm that the iron loss of the EI type core is the best when the inventors next discover the above findings, that is, the magnetic flux density in the L direction is slightly higher than in the C direction, the ingot A Thickness of 0.35mm, 2.5% Si content, unidirectional electrical steel sheet with accumulated Goth orientation and bi-directional electrical steel sheet with highly accumulated positive cube orientation Using the plate, the same EI type core was produced, and the magnetic flux density of the single plate and the iron loss after the core assembly were compared.
The obtained results are shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b).
[0026]
As shown in the figure, the iron loss of the EI type core is better when the electrical steel sheet obtained from the ingot A is used than when the unidirectional electrical steel sheet or the bidirectional magnetic steel sheet is used. I understand that
The ratio of the magnetic flux density in the L direction and the C direction was 1.015 in the steel ingot A, but 1.331 for the unidirectional electrical steel sheet and 1.002 for the bidirectional magnetic steel sheet. It was out of range.
This result shows that the iron loss of the EI type core obtained from the experiments by the inventors is in the range where the ratio of the magnetic flux density in the L direction and the C direction is 1.005 to 1.100, that is, when the L direction is slightly higher than the C direction. Supports the best.
[0027]
For reference, the orientation of secondary recrystallized grains on the surface of each product plate of unidirectional electrical steel sheet and bi-directional electrical steel sheet was measured in the 100 mm x 280 mm area using the X-ray diffraction Laue method. The area ratio of crystal orientation grains was determined.
As a result, the frequency of secondary recrystallized grains with a deviation angle from the Goth orientation of the secondary recrystallized grains within the product plate of unidirectional electrical steel sheets within 20 ° is 96%. The presence frequency of the secondary recrystallized grains within the product plate with the deviation angle from the normal cube orientation within 20 ° was 90%.
[0028]
Such a high degree of orientation accumulation in product plates of unidirectional and bidirectional magnetic steel sheets significantly increases the anisotropy of magnetic properties. For this reason, in the small EI type core where the flow of magnetic flux tends to change in various directions, the crystal grains whose deviation angle from the normal cube orientation is within 20 ° like the steel ingot A develops appropriately. A texture with a small amount of crystal orientation with a deviation angle of 20 ° or less from the orientation has better magnetic properties in both the rolling direction and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction, and the magnetic properties in other directions are also relatively low. Since it is small, it is estimated that the iron loss of the EI core is optimized.
[0029]
In this way, steel ingot A is used to develop both the normal cube structure and the goth structure appropriately by secondary recrystallization during final finish annealing, and the ratio of the magnetic flux density in the rolling direction to the magnetic flux density in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction is determined. It has been newly found that the iron loss of the EI type small transformer can be effectively reduced by setting the value to 1.005 to 1.100.
[0030]
Furthermore, the inventors conducted the following experiment using the steel ingot A to change the heating rate in the final finish annealing.
The slab heated to 1150 ° C was hot rolled into a 2.8 mm thick hot-rolled sheet, soaked in a nitrogen atmosphere at 1180 ° C for 1 minute, and then rapidly cooled. Next, after cold rolling at a temperature of 250 ° C and finishing to a final thickness of 0.35 mm, soaking at 920 ° C in an atmosphere of hydrogen: 75 vol%, nitrogen: 25 vol%, dew point: 35 ° C Recrystallization annealing was performed for 20 seconds, and after C was reduced to 0.0020% or less, finish annealing was performed. Finish annealing was performed at a heating rate of 50 ° C / h from room temperature to 750 ° C and from 750 ° C to 900 ° C by changing the heating rate in various ways and holding at 900 ° C for 50 hours. .
[0031]
The magnetic flux density in the rolling direction (L direction) after finish annealing and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (C direction) was investigated.
Also, an EI type core is produced using the obtained product plate, and its iron loss (W15/50) Was measured.
In addition, the orientation of secondary recrystallized grains in each product plate was measured in the 100 mm x 280 mm area using the X-ray diffraction Laue method, and the presence frequency of grains near the positive cube orientation and grains near the Goth orientation. investigated.
[0032]
6 (a) and 6 (b) show the heating rate in the temperature range of 750 ° C. or higher during final finish annealing and the magnetic flux density B in the L and C directions of the product plate50And their ratio B50(L) / B50The relationship with (C) is shown.
As shown in FIG. 6, when the heating rate is 25 ° C./h or less, the ratio of the magnetic flux density in the rolling direction to the magnetic flux density in the direction perpendicular to the rolling satisfies 1.005 to 1.100, and the heating rate exceeds 25 ° C./h. The magnetic flux density in the direction perpendicular to rolling decreased and the magnetic flux density ratio exceeded 1.100.
[0033]
FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the magnetic flux density in the rolling direction, the ratio of the magnetic flux density in the direction perpendicular to the rolling, and the iron loss of the EI core. As shown in the figure, the magnetic flux density ratio exceeded 1.100. In some cases, the iron loss of the EI type core deteriorates rapidly.
[0034]
Further, FIG. 8 shows the area ratio of crystal grains whose deviation angle from the normal cube orientation is within 20 ° and the area ratio of secondary recrystallized grains having a crystal orientation whose deviation angle from the Goth orientation is within 20 °. The results are shown.
As shown in the figure, the higher the heating rate, the smaller the regular cube orientation grains, and the more the Goss orientation grains and other orientation crystal grains tend to increase.
According to the figure, when the heating rate at which good iron loss was obtained was 25 ° C./h or less, the area ratio of the normal cube orientation grains was 50 to 80%, and the area ratio of the Goth orientation grains Is in the range of 6-20%.
Thus, the orientation of the secondary recrystallized grains changes depending on the heating rate in the temperature range of 750 ° C or higher, and the heating rate in the temperature range of 750 ° C or higher is set to 25 ° C / h or less. It has been determined that an optimum texture can be obtained for reducing the iron loss of the EI type core in which the ratio of the magnetic flux density in the direction and the magnetic flux density in the direction perpendicular to the rolling satisfies 1.005 to 1.100.
[0035]
[Action]
As described above, by forming a texture with a small amount of goth structure mainly composed of a regular cube structure, the ratio of the magnetic flux density in the rolling direction to the magnetic flux density in the direction perpendicular to the rolling becomes 1.005 to 1.100, and the material of the EI type core The reason why the optimum organization is obtained is not necessarily clear, but the inventors consider as follows.
As production conditions for obtaining such a texture, it is effective to contain about 0.003 to 0.08% of C in the material. Presumably, it is presumed that, due to the influence of solute C, cross slip increases during rolling, promotes the formation of deformation bands, and increases the recrystallization nuclei of cube grains and goth grains. In addition, increasing the rolling temperature of at least one pass during cold rolling to 100 to 250 ° C also increases the cross slip and promotes the formation of deformation bands, and recrystallizes cube and goth grains. Effective for increasing nuclei.
[0036]
As found in the experiment described above, it is effective to perform hot-rolled sheet annealing in the temperature range of 950 to 1200 ° C. In this case, it is considered that the grain size before cold rolling becomes coarse, the formation of recrystallization nuclei from the grain boundaries is suppressed, and the {111} structure after recrystallization annealing is reduced. Since the {111} structure is easily consumed by Goth-oriented grains, it is generally known that the {111} structure is useful for preferential secondary recrystallization of Goth-oriented grains. Therefore, it is considered that reducing the {111} structure is effective for reducing secondary recrystallized grains in the Goss orientation.
Moreover, {100} <011> oriented grains grow preferentially after hot-rolled sheet annealing. Moreover, the {100} <011> oriented grains are stable orientations whose orientation does not change during cold rolling. Even after recrystallization, the {100} <011> orientation increases. Moreover, it is known that {100} <011> oriented grains are less likely to be phagocytosed by Goth oriented grains. Therefore, it is considered that an increase in {100} <011> orientation suppresses the growth of goth-oriented grains and preferentially grows positive cube-oriented grains.
[0037]
Furthermore, it has been found that when the heating rate during the final finish annealing is low, positive cube orientation grains develop mainly, and when the heating rate is high, Goth orientation grains tend to develop. As for, it is presumed that the heating rate had a different influence on the latent time until the start of the growth of secondary recrystallized grains for each orientation grain, but the essential mechanism is not clear.
[0038]
Further, in the technology of the present invention, the reason why secondary recrystallization occurs in steel containing no inhibitor component is not necessarily clear, but is considered as follows.
As a result of intensive studies on the mechanism of secondary recrystallization of goth-oriented grains, the inventors of the present invention have, as a result, obtained a misorientation angle in the primary recrystallized structure (minimum rotation angle necessary for stacking adjacent crystal lattices). It was found that grain boundaries with an angle of 20-45 ° play an important role and reported in Acta Material Vol. 45 (1997), p. 85.
The primary recrystallization structure, which is the state immediately before the secondary recrystallization of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, is analyzed, and the grain boundary misorientation angle is 20 to 45 ° for each grain boundary around each crystal grain having various crystal orientations. FIG. 9 shows the results of investigation on the ratio (%) of the whole grain boundary.
In this figure, the crystal orientation space is displayed using a section of Φ2 = 45 ° of Euler angles (Φ1, Φ, Φ2), and main orientations such as Goss orientation are schematically displayed.
[0039]
Now, according to FIG. 9, the Goss azimuth has the highest frequency with respect to the existence frequency of grain boundaries having an orientation difference angle of 20 to 45 degrees around the Goss azimuth grains. Grain boundaries with misorientation angles of 20-45 ° are high energy grain boundaries according to experimental data by C.G. Dunn et al. (AIME Transaction 188 (1949) 368). The high energy grain boundary has a messy structure with a large free space within the grain boundary. Grain boundary diffusion is a process in which atoms move through the grain boundary, and therefore, a high energy grain boundary having a large free space in the grain boundary has a faster grain boundary diffusion.
It is known that secondary recrystallization occurs with the growth of precipitates called inhibitors, which is controlled by diffusion rate. Precipitation on the high-energy grain boundaries preferentially progressed during the finish annealing, so that the pinning was preferentially released, and the grain boundary movement started and the goss grains grew.
[0040]
The inventors further developed the above research, and the essential factor of secondary recrystallization of Goss-oriented grains is the distribution of high energy grain boundaries in the primary recrystallization structure, and the role of inhibitors is high. It was found that there is a difference in the moving speed between energy grain boundaries and other grain boundaries.
Therefore, according to this theory, secondary recrystallization can be performed if a difference in the moving speed of the grain boundary can be generated without using an inhibitor.
[0041]
Impurity elements present in steel are easy to segregate at grain boundaries, especially at high energy grain boundaries, so when there are many impurity elements, there is no difference in the moving speed between high energy grain boundaries and other grain boundaries. it is conceivable that.
Therefore, if the effect of such an impurity element is eliminated by increasing the purity of the material, the inherent movement speed difference depending on the structure of the high-energy grain boundary becomes obvious, and secondary recrystallization of Goss-oriented grains occurs. It is expected to be possible.
Based on the above considerations, the inventors have found that even in a component system that does not contain an inhibitor component, secondary recrystallization can be caused by increasing the purity of the material.
[0042]
Next, the reasons for limiting the constituent requirements of the present invention will be described.
First, the reason why the component composition of the steel sheet is limited to the above range will be described.
Si: 2.0 to 8.0%
Si is a useful element that increases electrical resistance and improves iron loss. However, if its content is less than 2.0%, its effect is poor, and γ transformation occurs and the hot-rolled structure changes greatly. It transforms in annealing, and good magnetic properties cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Si content exceeds 8.0%, the secondary workability of the product deteriorates and the saturation magnetic flux density also decreases, so the Si content is limited to the range of 2.0 to 8.0%.
[0043]
Mn: 0.005 to 3.0 wt%
Mn is an element necessary for improving the hot workability, but if it is less than 0.005%, the effect of addition is poor, while if it exceeds 3.0%, secondary recrystallization becomes difficult, so the amount of Mn is 0.005%. Limited to -3.0% range.
[0044]
Al: 0.0010 to 0.020%
In the present invention, by containing a small amount of Al, secondary recrystallization during finish annealing becomes favorable, and positive cube orientation grains can be developed appropriately. However, if the content is less than 0.0010%, the degree of integration of the normal cube direction and the Goth direction will decrease and the magnetic flux density will decrease. On the other hand, even if it exceeds 0.020%, the degree of integration of the positive cube direction and the Goth direction will also decrease. In addition, since desired magnetic properties cannot be obtained, Al is contained in the range of 0.0010 to 0.020%.
Here, although the influence of trace amount Al is not clear, it is presumed that the trace amount Al forms a dense oxide layer on the surface layer, and the function of suppressing the progress of surface oxidation and nitridation during finish annealing works effectively.
In the present invention, nitrogen is reduced as much as possible as a raw material component, which is different from the conventional manufacturing method in which AlN functions as an inhibitor to perform secondary recrystallization.
[0045]
Se, S, O and N: 30ppm or less each
All of Se, S, O and N are harmful elements that greatly inhibit the expression of secondary recrystallization structure, and remain in the ground iron to deteriorate the iron loss. Therefore, Se, S, O and N are all reduced to 30 ppm or less (preferably 20 ppm or less).
All of these elements are difficult to remove in the subsequent process, so it is preferable to reduce the molten steel component to 30 ppm or less, preferably 20 ppm or less.
[0046]
As described above, the essential component and the suppressing component have been described. However, in the present invention, other elements described below can be appropriately contained.
First, Ni can be added to improve the magnetic flux density. However, if the amount added is less than 0.01 wt%, the improvement in magnetic properties is small, while if it exceeds 1.50 wt%, the secondary recrystallized grains are insufficiently developed and satisfactory magnetic properties cannot be obtained. Is 0.01 to 1.50 wt%.
In order to improve iron loss, Sn: 0.01 to 1.50 wt%, Sb: 0.005 to 0.50 wt%, Cu: 0.01 to 1.50 wt%, Mo: 0.005 to 0.50 wt%, Cr: 0.01 to 1.50 wt% Can be added. Any of these elements has no effect of improving iron loss when the addition amount is less than the above range, while when the addition amount is large, secondary recrystallized grains do not develop and the iron loss is deteriorated.
[0047]
Although the component system of the present invention has been described above, this is not sufficient in the present invention, and the magnetic flux density B in the rolling direction (L direction) and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (C direction).50It is necessary to satisfy the following range.
That is, in order to effectively reduce the iron loss of a small transformer such as an EI core, both the magnetic flux densities in the L direction and the C direction are B50≧ 1.70T, and these magnetic flux density ratios B50(L) / B50It is indispensable to control (C) within the range of 1.005 or more and 1.100 or less.
Because magnetic flux density B50Is less than 1.70T, hysteresis loss increases and iron loss deteriorates.50(L) / B50This is because if (C) is outside the range of 1.005 or more and 1.100 or less, the iron loss at the portion where the magnetization direction is rotated inside the core increases, and the iron loss of the entire core deteriorates.
[0048]
  Moreover, in order to obtain the magnetic characteristics as described above, a product plate is configured.Secondary reIt is effective to control the orientation of crystal grains.
  That is, with respect to the orientation of the crystal grains constituting the steel sheet, the crystal grain area ratio within 20 ° from the normal cube orientation is 50% or more and 80% or less, and the orientation difference from the Goss orientation is 20 °. It is important that the crystal grain area ratio is within the range of 6% or more and 20% or less. By making such a texture, both the magnetic flux densities in the L direction and the C direction are effectively B.50≧ 1.70T and B50(L) / B50(C) can be controlled in the range of 1.005 or more and 1.100 or less.
[0049]
Next, the manufacturing method of this invention is demonstrated.
First, material components will be described.
C: 0.003 to 0.08%
C is effective in accelerating local deformation in the crystal grains, promoting the development of positive cubes and goth structures, and improving the magnetic properties. However, if the content is not less than 0.003%, the effect of forming deformation bands is obtained. Since the magnetic flux density decreases due to the decrease, on the other hand, if it exceeds 0.08%, it becomes difficult to remove during recrystallization annealing, and γ transformation occurs partially during hot-rolled sheet annealing, resulting in a coarse grain size before cold rolling. Since it becomes difficult to ensure, the C content is limited to a range of 0.003 to 0.08%.
[0050]
Other reasons for the addition of essential components such as Si, Mn, and Al, suppression components such as Se, S, O, and N and magnetic property improving components such as Ni, Sn, Sb, Cu, Mo, and Cr are as follows: The same as described above.
[0051]
The molten steel adjusted to the above preferred component composition is made into a slab by a normal ingot-making method or a continuous casting method. Alternatively, a thin cast piece having a thickness of 100 mm or less may be directly produced by using a direct casting method.
The slab is heated and hot-rolled by a normal method, but may be subjected to hot rolling immediately after casting without being heated. In the case of a thin slab, hot rolling may be performed, or the hot rolling may be omitted and the subsequent process may be performed as it is.
As the slab heating temperature, since the inhibitor component is not included in the raw material component, a minimum temperature of about 1100 ° C. at which hot rolling is possible is sufficient.
[0052]
Next, hot-rolled sheet annealing is performed. In order to properly develop the normal cube structure and goth structure in the product plate, the hot-rolled sheet annealing temperature needs to be 950 ° C. or higher and 1200 ° C. or lower. This is because when the annealing temperature of the hot-rolled sheet is less than 950 ° C., the grain size before cold rolling does not become coarse, and the development of the positive cube and goth structure in the product plate decreases, and the desired magnetic properties cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the temperature exceeds 1200 ° C., the development of the goth structure of the product plate decreases, and the anisotropy of the magnetic flux density deteriorates.
[0053]
After hot-rolled sheet annealing, after performing cold rolling one or more times with intermediate annealing as necessary, perform recrystallization annealing that also serves as decarburization, and reduce C to 50 ppm or less, preferably 30 ppm or less without magnetic aging To do.
Further, it is effective to raise the temperature of cold rolling to 100 to 250 ° C. in terms of developing a normal cube structure and a goth structure.
Furthermore, it is preferable to perform recrystallization annealing that also serves as decarburization after the final cold rolling in a range of 750 to 950 ° C.
In addition, after the final cold rolling or after the recrystallization annealing, a technique for increasing the Si amount by a siliconization method may be used in combination.
[0054]
Thereafter, an annealing separator is applied as necessary. As the annealing separator, a slurry of a refractory powder such as silica, alumina, magnesia or a colloidal solution is suitable. Moreover, the method of adhering these refractory powders to a steel plate by dry coating such as electrostatic coating is more preferable because moisture is not included in the finish annealing atmosphere. Furthermore, a method of sandwiching a steel plate having a surface coated with these refractories by thermal spraying or the like can also be applied.
[0055]
  Subsequently, a secondary recrystallization structure is developed by performing final finish annealing.
  In the present invention, in the final finish annealing described above,To final finish annealing temperatureHeating up to a temperature range of 800 ° C or higher with an average heating rate in the temperature range of 25 ° C / h or less is extremely important for developing the normal cube and goth type structure to a speed in the product plate. In this regard, if the average heating rate at 750 ° C. or higher exceeds 25 ° C./h, the positive cube structure decreases and the goth structure increases, and the desired magnetic properties cannot be obtained. It should be noted that the heating rate up to 750 ° C. does not have a great influence on the magnetic properties and may be under any conditions.
  In addition, if the temperature to be controlled as described above is less than 800 ° C, the secondary recrystallized grains will be insufficiently developed and the magnetic properties will deteriorate. Therefore, it is necessary to perform such controlled heating up to 800 ° C or higher. is there.
  Furthermore, although it is unnecessary for the development of secondary recrystallized grains, there is no problem in raising the temperature to about 1100 ° C. when a base coating such as a forsterite coating is required.
[0056]
In addition, when using it, laminating | stacking a steel plate, in order to improve a core loss after said final finish annealing, it is effective to give an insulating coating to the steel plate surface.
For this purpose, a multilayer film composed of two or more kinds of films may be used, or a coating in which a resin or the like is mixed may be applied depending on the application.
Furthermore, an insulating coating mainly composed of a phosphate that imparts tension is also effective in reducing iron loss and noise.
[0057]
【Example】
Example 1
Steel slab containing C: 0.009%, Si: 2.4%, Mn: 0.02%, Al: 0.012%, Se: 3ppm, S: 14ppm, O: 10ppm and N: 9ppm, with the balance being substantially Fe Was manufactured by continuous casting. Next, after heating the slab at 1100 ° C for 20 minutes, hot rolled into a hot rolled sheet having a thickness of 3.0 mm, and then annealing the hot rolled sheet at the soaking temperature shown in Table 1 for 30 seconds, followed by cooling at 150 ° C. Finished to a final thickness of 0.35 mm by hot rolling.
Next, recrystallization annealing was performed at 930 ° C for 10 seconds in an atmosphere of hydrogen: 75 vol%, nitrogen: 25 vol%, dew point: 20 ° C, and after reducing C to 10 ppm, (50% N2In a mixed atmosphere of + 50% Ar) up to 750 ° C at a rate of 50 ° C / h, and for 750 ° C and above at various heating rates shown in Table 1 up to 950 ° C and holding for 30 hours Finish annealing was performed.
Thereafter, a coating liquid in which aluminum dichromate, emulsion resin, and ethylene glycol were mixed was applied and baked at 300 ° C. to obtain a product.
[0058]
Magnetic flux density B of the product plate thus obtained50Were measured in the L and C directions. In addition, the product plate was punched to produce an EI type core, and the iron loss was measured. Furthermore, the crystal orientation of the product plate was measured in the 100 mm x 280 mm region using the X-ray diffraction Laue method, and the area ratio of the crystal grains whose orientation difference from the normal cube orientation and Goth orientation was within 20 ° was determined. .
The obtained results are also shown in Table 1.
[0059]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004123662
[0060]
According to Table 1, the magnetic flux density B in the rolling direction (L direction) and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction (C direction)50Are both B50≧ 1.70T and magnetic flux density ratio B50(L) / B50When (C) satisfies 1.005 or more and 1.100 or less, it can be seen that an extremely excellent EI core iron loss can be obtained.
Further, such magnetic characteristics are such that the area ratio of crystal grains whose orientation difference from the normal cube ({100} <001>) orientation is within 20 ° is 50% or more and 80% or less and goth ({110 } <001>) It is obtained when the area ratio of crystal grains whose orientation difference from the orientation is within 20 ° satisfies 6% or more and 20% or less.
[0061]
Example 2
Steel slab containing C: 0.022%, Si: 3.3%, Mn: 0.52%, Al: 0.0050%, Se: 5ppm, S: 5ppm, O: 15ppm and N: 10ppm, with the balance being substantially Fe composition Was manufactured by continuous casting. Next, after slab heating at 1200 ° C. for 20 minutes, a hot-rolled sheet having a thickness of 3.2 mm was formed by hot rolling, followed by annealing at 1050 ° C. for 20 seconds.
Thereafter, it was cold-rolled at room temperature and finished to an intermediate thickness of 1.5 mm, then subjected to intermediate annealing at 1000 ° C. for 30 seconds, and subsequently finished to a final thickness of 0.28 mm by cold rolling at room temperature.
Next, recrystallization annealing was performed at 850 ° C for 30 seconds in an atmosphere of hydrogen: 75 vol%, nitrogen: 25 vol%, dew point: 40 ° C, and after reducing C to 10 ppm, in an argon atmosphere Finish annealing was performed by heating at a rate of 70 ° C / h up to 750 ° C, heating at a rate of 10 ° C / h from 750 ° C to 820 ° C, and holding at 820 ° C for 100 hours.
Thereafter, a coating liquid in which aluminum dichromate, emulsion resin, and ethylene glycol were mixed was applied and baked at 300 ° C. to obtain a product.
[0062]
Magnetic flux density B of the product plate thus obtained50Were measured in the L and C directions. In addition, the product plate was punched to produce an EI type core, and the iron loss was measured. Furthermore, the crystal orientation of the product plate was measured in the 100 mm x 280 mm region using the X-ray diffraction Laue method, and the area ratio of the crystal grains whose orientation difference from the normal cube orientation and Goth orientation was within 20 ° was determined. .
The obtained results are shown in Table 2.
[0063]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004123662
[0064]
As shown in Table 2, according to the method of the present invention, the magnetic flux density B in the L direction and the C direction50Are both B50≧ 1.70T and B50(L) / B50As a result, it was possible to obtain an optimum electrical steel sheet as an EI type core material satisfying (C) of 1.005 or more and 1.100 or less.
In addition, such an electrical steel sheet has an area ratio of crystal grains having an orientation difference within 20 ° from a normal cube ({100} <001>) orientation of 50% or more and 80% or less, and goth ({110} < 001>) The orientation ratio from the orientation was within 20 °, and the crystal grain area ratio was 6% or more and 20% or less.
[0065]
Example 3
Steel slabs having various compositions shown in Table 3 were heated to 1160 ° C. and then hot-rolled to 2.8 mm thick by hot rolling. Subsequently, hot-rolled sheet annealing was performed at 1100 ° C. under conditions of soaking for 60 seconds, and finished at a temperature of 250 ° C. to a final thickness of 0.50 mm.
Subsequently, recrystallization annealing was performed in an atmosphere of hydrogen: 75 vol%, nitrogen: 25 vol%, dew point: 35 ° C, and also decarburization at 900 ° C for 20 seconds of soaking, and C was reduced to 20 ppm.
Next, finish annealing was performed at a temperature of 2.5 ° C./h from 750 to 950 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Then, the coating liquid which mixed aluminum phosphate, potassium dichromate, and boric acid was apply | coated, and it baked at 300 degreeC, and was set as the product.
[0066]
Magnetic flux density B of the product plate thus obtained50Were measured in the L and C directions. In addition, the product plate was punched to produce an EI type core, and the iron loss was measured. Furthermore, the crystal orientation of the product plate was measured in the 100 mm x 280 mm region using the X-ray diffraction Laue method, and the area ratio of the crystal grains whose orientation difference from the normal cube orientation and Goth orientation was within 20 ° was determined. .
The results obtained are shown in Table 4.
[0067]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004123662
[0068]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004123662
[0069]
As shown in Table 4, the composition composition range of the present invention is satisfied, and the magnetic flux density in the L direction and the C direction, and the ratio B thereof.50(L) / B50In any case where (C) satisfies the appropriate range, good iron loss is obtained in the EI core.
[0070]
As mentioned above, although the Example demonstrated the case where EI type | mold core was manufactured as a use of the electrical steel sheet of this invention, the use of this invention is not necessarily limited to a small transformer like an EI type | mold core.
Since the magnetic steel sheet of the present invention has remarkably superior magnetic properties in the rolling direction and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction as compared with the non-oriented electrical steel sheet, high efficiency can be obtained even when used in a normal motor.
Compared to the conventional bi-directional electrical steel sheets manufactured by the prior art, the magnetic properties are slightly inferior, but no inhibitor is used as a material, and it is not necessary to perform cross rolling as a manufacturing process. There is a great advantage that it can be produced.
[0071]
【The invention's effect】
The electrical steel sheet obtained according to the present invention has a small magnetic property anisotropy compared to conventional unidirectional electrical steel sheets and bi-directional electrical steel sheets, so that the change in the direction of magnetic flux in the core is large. It is most suitable as a material for iron core materials for motors and electricity generation.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the shape of an EI type core.
[FIG. 2] Hot-rolled sheet annealing temperature and magnetic flux density B in the L direction and C direction of the product plate50And their ratio B50(L) / B50It is the graph which showed the relationship with (C).
[Figure 3] B on product plate50(L) / B50(C) and EI core iron loss (W15/50 It is the graph which showed the relationship with).
FIG. 4 shows the annealing ratio of the hot-rolled sheet and the area ratio of crystal grains within a deviation angle of 20 ° or less from the goth ({110} <001>) orientation and the normal cube ({100} <001>) orientation in the product plate. 3 is a graph showing the relationship with the area ratio of crystal grains whose deviation angle from grains is within 20 °.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing magnetic flux density and iron loss in an EI type core of steel soul A, a unidirectional electrical steel plate and a bi-directional electrical steel plate, respectively.
FIG. 6 shows the heating rate in the temperature range of 750 ° C. or higher during final finish annealing, and the magnetic flux density B in the L direction and C direction of the product plate.50And their ratio B50(L) / B50It is the graph which showed the relationship with (C).
FIG. 7 shows magnetic flux density B in the L direction and C direction on the product plate.50Ratio B50(L) / B50(C) and EI type core iron (W15/50 It is the graph which showed the relationship with).
FIG. 8 shows the heating rate in the temperature range of 750 ° C. or higher at the time of final finish annealing, the area ratio of crystal grains with a deviation angle from the Goth ({110} <001>) orientation within 20 ° and the positive It is the graph which showed the relationship with the area rate of the crystal grain in which the shift | offset | difference angle from a cube ({100} <001>) orientation grain is within 20 degrees.
FIG. 9 shows the ratio (%) of the grain boundary around each crystal grain having various crystal orientations in the primary recrystallized structure to the whole grain boundary having a grain boundary orientation difference angle of 20 to 45 °. FIG.

Claims (4)

質量百分率で
Si:2.0 〜8.0 %,
Mn:0.005 〜3.0 %,
Al:0.0010〜0.020 %
を含み、かつSe,S,OおよびNの含有量をそれぞれ 30ppm以下に抑制し、残部はFe および不可避的不純物の組成になり、鋼板を構成する二次再結晶粒の方位につき、正キューブ({100}<001>)方位からの方位差が 20 °以内である二次再結晶粒の面積率が 50 %以上、 80 %以下で、かつゴス({110}<001>)方位からの方位差が 20 °以内である二次再結晶粒の面積率が6%以上、 20 %以下であることを特徴とする小型電気機器用電磁鋼板。
By mass percentage
Si: 2.0 to 8.0%,
Mn: 0.005 to 3.0%,
Al: 0.0010 to 0.020%
And the content of Se, S, O and N is suppressed to 30 ppm or less, and the balance is composed of Fe and inevitable impurities , and the orientation of the secondary recrystallized grains constituting the steel plate is positive cube ( The area ratio of secondary recrystallized grains whose orientation difference from the {100} <001> orientation is within 20 ° is 50 % or more and 80 % or less, and the orientation from the Goth ({110} <001>) orientation An electrical steel sheet for small electrical equipment, characterized in that the area ratio of secondary recrystallized grains having a difference within 20 ° is 6% or more and 20 % or less .
鋼板が、さらに、質量百分率で
Ni:0.01〜1.50%,
Sn:0.01〜1.50%,
Sb:0.005 〜0.50%,
Cu:0.01〜1.50%,
Mo:0.005 〜0.50%および
Cr:0.01〜1.50%
のうちから選んだ少なくとも一種を含有する組成になることを特徴とする請求項記載の小型電気機器用電磁鋼板。
The steel plate is also in mass percentage
Ni: 0.01 to 1.50%,
Sn: 0.01 to 1.50%,
Sb: 0.005 to 0.50%,
Cu: 0.01 to 1.50%,
Mo: 0.005-0.50% and
Cr: 0.01 to 1.50%
The electrical steel sheet for small electrical equipment according to claim 1 , wherein the electrical steel sheet has a composition containing at least one selected from the above.
質量百分率で
C:0.003 〜0.08%,
Si:2.0 〜8.0 %,
Mn:0.005 〜3.0 %,
Al:0.0010〜0.020 %
を含み、かつSe,S,OおよびNの含有量をそれぞれ 30ppm以下に抑制し、残部は Fe および不可避的不純物の組成になる鋼スラブを、熱間圧延し、ついで 950〜1200℃以下の温度で熱延板焼鈍を施したのち、1回または中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延を施し、ついで再結晶焼鈍後、必要に応じて焼鈍分離剤を適用してから、 750℃から最終仕上焼鈍温度までの平均加熱速度を25℃/h以下として 800℃以上の温度域まで加熱する最終仕上焼鈍を行うことを特徴とする小型電気機器用電磁鋼板の製造方法。
By mass percentage C: 0.003-0.08%,
Si: 2.0 to 8.0%,
Mn: 0.005 to 3.0%,
Al: 0.0010 to 0.020%
And a steel slab having a composition of Fe, unavoidable impurities in the balance , hot-rolled, and then the temperature of 950 to 1200 ° C. or less. After performing hot-rolled sheet annealing at 1) or more, cold rolling at least twice with intermediate annealing in between, then applying recrystallization annealing and applying an annealing separator as necessary, and finally from 750 ° C A method for producing an electrical steel sheet for small electrical equipment, characterized by performing final finish annealing in which an average heating rate up to a finish annealing temperature is 25 ° C / h or less and heating to a temperature range of 800 ° C or more.
鋼スラブが、さらに、質量百分率で
Ni:0.01〜1.50%,
Sn:0.01〜1.50%,
Sb:0.005 〜0.50%,
Cu:0.01〜1.50%,
Mo:0.005 〜0.50%および
Cr:0.01〜1.50%
のうちから選んだ少なくとも一種を含有する組成になることを特徴とする請求項記載の小型電気機器用電磁鋼板の製造方法。
Steel slabs, in addition, by mass percentage
Ni: 0.01 to 1.50%,
Sn: 0.01 to 1.50%,
Sb: 0.005 to 0.50%,
Cu: 0.01 to 1.50%,
Mo: 0.005-0.50% and
Cr: 0.01 to 1.50%
The manufacturing method of the electrical steel sheet for small electrical devices of Claim 3 which becomes a composition containing at least 1 type selected from these.
JP34422999A 1999-12-03 1999-12-03 Electrical steel sheet for small electrical equipment and manufacturing method thereof Expired - Fee Related JP4123662B2 (en)

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JP34422999A JP4123662B2 (en) 1999-12-03 1999-12-03 Electrical steel sheet for small electrical equipment and manufacturing method thereof
US09/722,017 US6562473B1 (en) 1999-12-03 2000-11-27 Electrical steel sheet suitable for compact iron core and manufacturing method therefor
TW089125509A TW486522B (en) 1999-12-03 2000-11-30 Electrical steel sheet suitable for compact iron core and manufacturing method therefor
DE60016149T DE60016149T2 (en) 1999-12-03 2000-11-30 Electrical steel sheet for compact iron cores and its manufacturing process
EP00126202A EP1108794B1 (en) 1999-12-03 2000-11-30 Electrical steel sheet suitable for compact iron core and manufacturing method therefor
CN00137241A CN1124357C (en) 1999-12-03 2000-12-01 Electric steel plate suitable for making small core and its manufacture
KR1020000072525A KR100727333B1 (en) 1999-12-03 2000-12-01 Electronic steel sheet suitable for small iron core and manufacturing method thereof

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