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JP4139917B2 - Refractory bricks and converter furnace bottom linings with excellent spalling resistance - Google Patents
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JP4139917B2 - Refractory bricks and converter furnace bottom linings with excellent spalling resistance - Google Patents

Refractory bricks and converter furnace bottom linings with excellent spalling resistance Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4139917B2
JP4139917B2 JP02640498A JP2640498A JP4139917B2 JP 4139917 B2 JP4139917 B2 JP 4139917B2 JP 02640498 A JP02640498 A JP 02640498A JP 2640498 A JP2640498 A JP 2640498A JP 4139917 B2 JP4139917 B2 JP 4139917B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
magnesia
expanded graphite
spalling resistance
brick
graphite
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JP02640498A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH11209169A (en
Inventor
百紀 加茂
正夫 南部
雅一 吉田
一郎 山下
聡 坪井
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は耐スポーリング性に優れた耐火れんがおよびそれを用いた転炉炉底部ライニングに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
最近の製鋼工程においては操業条件の過酷化により、転炉用耐火物にも従来より一層の高耐食性、高耐スポーリング性が要求されるようになってきている。特に、転炉炉底部のように過酷な熱衝撃に曝される部位に使用される耐火物には、極めて優れたスポーリング性が要求される。
【0003】
転炉炉底部ライニングは、一般に他の部位と同様にマグネシア・カーボンれんがが使用されている。マグネシア・カーボンれんがの耐スポ−リング性の改善には黒鉛量の増加が有効とされているが、通常に使用されている鱗状黒鉛ではその増加による耐スポーリング性の向上に限界があり、また耐火物に要求される見掛気孔率などの基本的物性の劣化により耐食性も低下する傾向にある。かかるカーボン系れんがの耐スポーリング性の改善策として特開昭62−100484号公報には黒鉛の一部を膨張黒鉛に置換して耐スポーリング性を向上させる方法が開示されている。また、特開平8−81256号公報には炭素質物質として圧縮後粉砕した膨張黒鉛を使用して耐スポーリング性の改善を図る方法が開示されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、マグネシア・カーボンれんがにおいて膨張黒鉛を使用すれば耐スポ−リング性の向上は認められるが、膨張黒鉛は嵩が非常に大きいため、れんが製造上その使用量はおのずと少ない領域に限られ、特開昭62−100484号公報に記載のものでは、わずか0.5〜5重量%の範囲に限られている。したがって、このように少量の使用では、転炉炉底部のように過酷な熱衝撃を受ける部位における耐スポーリング性の向上は限られていた。
【0005】
一方、特開平8−81256号公報記載の提案は、低カーボン領域における耐スポーリング性の向上を目的とし、膨張黒鉛を一旦圧縮後、1mm以下の粒度に粉砕して使用するものであるが、その黒鉛の添加量は鱗状黒鉛を含めた炭素質材料全体で0.5〜40重量%であり、膨張黒鉛としては0.5〜15重量%を好適とし、さらには0.5〜10重量%、特に0.5〜7重量%に限られている。本発明者等の検討したところ、このような構成をとらざるを得ないのは、膨張黒鉛の量をさらに増やそうとすると、れんが製造時の作業性が極端に低下する問題があり、黒鉛量を増やすには鱗状黒鉛と併用せざるを得ないからであり、結局、転炉炉底部ライニングに使用するれんがとしては耐スポーリング性において十分とは言えないものしか得られなかった。
【0006】
本発明は、上記の膨張黒鉛を多量に使用する場合のれんが製造時の作業性を改善し、転炉炉底部における過酷な熱衝撃にも耐えうる耐スポーリング性に極めて優れたマグネシア・カーボンれんがおよびそれを使用した転炉炉底部ライニングを提供することを課題とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、マグネシア・カーボンれんがの耐スポーリング性を大幅に改善することを目的に種々検討した結果、炭素質原料としてその全量を特定の微細な粒度に粉砕した膨張黒鉛とすることにより、鱗状黒鉛を使用した場合とほぼ同等の作業性により、耐スポーリング性に極めて優れたれんがを得ることに成功し本発明を完成させたものである。具体的には、転炉炉底部羽口周辺部用耐火れんがの組成を粒径0.3mm以下に粉砕した通常の膨張黒鉛(ただし圧縮したものを除く)を15〜40重量%、残部がマグネシアを主体とすることによって耐スポーリング性に優れたものとするものであり、また、転炉炉底部羽口周辺部ライニングを粒径0.3mm以下に粉砕した通常の膨張黒鉛(ただし圧縮したものを除く)を15〜40重量%、残部がマグネシアを主体とする耐火材料からなるマグネシア・カーボンれんがを使用したものとするものである。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明におけるマグネシア・カーボンれんがに使用する炭素質材料としては、膨張黒鉛のみを配合する。ここに膨張黒鉛とは黒鉛の層間に硫酸などを挿入させた黒鉛層間化合物を800〜1000℃の温度に急激に加熱することにより黒鉛層間を膨張させたものである。この膨脹黒鉛は黒鉛結晶が互いに絡み合いハニカム構造をした嵩の大きい塊状体であり、通常の鱗状黒鉛と比較すると層間の結合は弱く、弾力性に優れており、炭素含有れんがに使用すると、マグネシアなどの耐火材料の熱膨張・収縮を吸収し、耐スポーリング性を向上させる。しかし、従来のごとく鱗状黒鉛と併用すると耐スポーリング性の低下を招くので炭素質材料はすべて膨張黒鉛のみとする。
なお、ここにいう炭素質材料とはれんがに配合される炭素のうち、フェノール樹脂等のバインダーに含まれる炭素分は除くものをいう。
【0009】
また、本発明においては上記膨張黒鉛の粒径を0.3mm以下とする。膨脹黒鉛の粒度測定はJIS標準フルイをロータップ試験機に設置して行なう。膨脹黒鉛の粒度はフルイ目寸法0.297mmの標準フルイ通過分が90重量%以上であることとし、フルイ目寸法0.125mmの標準フルイ通過分が50重量%以下であることが作業性の点から望ましい。
【0010】
一般に膨張黒鉛は嵩が大きいため通常の黒鉛と比較すると、耐火物製造時の混練や成形がしにくく、従来と同様の製造方法では緻密な耐火物が得られにくい。しかし、本発明のごとく粒径を0.3mm以下とした場合は、かさ密度は0.2g/cc程度と通常の膨張黒鉛に比較して約3倍のかさ密度となり、れんがの製造において従来の鱗状黒鉛とほぼ同様に扱え、本発明で規定した15〜40重量%の使用量においても、緻密なれんがを成形することができるものである。なお、本発明者等の実験によれば上記膨張黒鉛は厚さが数μmmの薄片状となっているが、その耐スポーリング性を向上させる特性は粒径を0.3mm以下としても維持されることが確認されている。
なお、このような0.3mm以下の粒度をもった膨張黒鉛は、通常の膨張黒鉛をヘンシェルミキサーのような高速で回転する攪拌羽根を有する装置を使用して所定の時間攪拌することにより得ることができる。
【0011】
上記の膨張黒鉛の配合量は重量比でれんが中の15〜40重量%とする。好ましくは15〜30重量%の範囲である。この量が15重量%未満では十分な耐スポーリング性が得られない。また、40重量%を超える量を使用しても耐スポーリング性の向上は得られず、作業性も低下する傾向がある。
【0012】
本発明にかかるマグネシア・カーボンれんがは膨張黒鉛の他にマグネシアを主体とする耐火材料、すなわち、マグネシア、結合剤、および必要に応じて添加される金属粉末などの添加剤、を含有する。マグネシアとしては焼結マグネシア、電融マグネシアが使用可能であるが、MgO純度が95重量%以上のものが好ましい。また、マグネシア・カーボンれんがの結合剤としては通常のフェノール樹脂などの結合剤が使用できる。結合剤の添加量は一般の鱗状黒鉛を使用したマグネシア・カーボンれんがと同等でよい。
さらに、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で金属粉末、ガラスなど酸化防止剤、各種繊維などの公知の添加剤を使用することが可能である。
【0013】
本発明のれんがを製造するにあたってはすでに説明した特性を有する膨張黒鉛にマグネシアさらに必要に応じて添加剤を加え、これに結合剤を加えて、通常の方法で混練、成形した後、熱処理して不焼成れんがとし、あるいは高温で還元焼成して焼成れんがとすればよい。本発明は膨張黒鉛を多量に含むものであるが、従来の鱗状黒鉛を使用したマグネシア・カーボンれんがと変わらない製造方法で膨張黒鉛が使用できる点に特徴がある。
【0014】
本発明の転炉炉底部ライニングにおいては上記マグネシア・カーボンれんがを炉底の全部または一部に使用する。即ち、該マグネシア・カーボンれんがを熱衝撃の過酷な羽口および羽口周辺部のみに使用しても良いし、転炉炉底部全部に使用しても良い。
転炉炉底部、特に羽口および羽口周辺部は一般に直胴部等の他の部位に比べライニング厚さが1.5倍程度に設計されている。従って、稼働面側は1600℃以上の溶鋼と接触し、れんがは熱膨張の大なる条件下にあるが、背面側はそれほど高温にはならず、特に羽口部周辺では吹き込みガスにより冷却されるため、稼働面側との温度差は極めて大きなものになる。また、炉底部は直胴部との継合部および羽口によって拘束されているため、れんがに生じる熱応力は極めて大きいものとなる。したがって、本発明のマグネシア・カーボンれんがは上記転炉炉底部の熱的条件および経済性を考慮してその使用部位を定めればよい。これにより上述の厳しい拘束下での熱衝撃に対しても、発生した熱応力を吸収、緩和することができ、スポーリング損傷を防止できる。
【0015】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により、本発明を説明する。
表1に示すように発明例1〜3および比較例1〜5のように材料を配合し、混練、プレス成形した後、300℃で10時間熱処理して耐火れんがを製造した。各試験材について転炉炉底部ライニングに使用するれんがとしての特性を調査するために、基本的な物性を調査し、さらに耐スポーリング性試験および耐食性試験を行った。
【0016】
耐スポーリング性試験は上記により製造した耐火れんがから50×50×230mmの試料を切り出し、その115mmの長さのところまでを1650℃の溶鋼中に3分浸漬後、水中で急冷する操作を繰り返し、試料の一部が剥落するまでの回数を測定することによって行った。一方、耐食性指数は転炉スラグ(塩基度、CaO/SiO2=3.4)を用いて1750℃、5時間試験後の溶損量の逆数を比較例1の場合を基準とし、これを100とする指数で示した。従って、数値の大きいほど耐食性に優れている。
【0017】
【表1】

Figure 0004139917
【0018】
発明例1と比較例4との比較より、通常の鱗状黒鉛に代えて粒径0.3mm以下の膨張黒鉛を使用すると基本的物性、耐食性はほぼ同等であるが、耐スポーリング性が大幅に向上することが分かる。また、発明例2と比較例5とを比較すると、黒鉛量を増加させても、発明例2に示す場合は耐食性が低下することなく、高耐スポーリング性が保たれているが、比較例5の耐スポーリング性は大きく劣っている。さらに、発明例1と比較例3とを比較すると、通常の膨張黒鉛は20重量%添加すると基本的物性が悪くなり、さらに耐食性も劣るれんがとなり、実機への使用には問題があることがわかる。比較例1、2より本発明に使用する膨張黒鉛の量が10重量%では耐スポーリング性に劣り、50%重量では耐食性が悪い結果となっている。
【0019】
これらの結果を転炉実操業において確認するため、250トン容量の転炉炉底部の羽口および羽口周辺部に発明例1のれんがと比較例5のれんがを張り分けた操業を行った。なお、その他の炉底部については比較例4のれんがを使用した。2000チャージ稼働後の羽口の残存寸法を測定し、損傷速度を算出したところ、発明例1のれんがを使用した羽口はチャージ当り0.2mm、比較例5のれんがを使用した羽口はチャージ当り0.4mmであり、本発明のライニングにより約2倍の耐用性があることが確認された。
【0020】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、上記のとおりマグネシア・カーボンれんがに使用される炭素質材料を全量、粒径0.3mm以下の膨張黒鉛とし、かつその配合量を15〜40%としたので、れんが製造上の作業性を低下させることなく、緻密で耐スポーリング性が高く、また、耐食性も優れたれんがの製造が可能であり、これを転炉炉底部に使用すれば、耐食性を維持しつつ、耐スポーリング性の大幅な向上が得られる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a refractory brick excellent in spalling resistance and a converter furnace bottom lining using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent steelmaking processes, due to severe operating conditions, converter refractories are required to have higher corrosion resistance and higher spalling resistance than before. In particular, an extremely excellent spalling property is required for a refractory used in a portion exposed to severe thermal shock such as the bottom of a converter furnace.
[0003]
The converter furnace bottom lining is generally made of magnesia / carbon brick as in other parts. Increasing the amount of graphite is effective for improving the spoiling resistance of magnesia carbon bricks, but there is a limit to the improvement in spalling resistance due to the increase in the scale-like graphite that is normally used. Corrosion resistance tends to decrease due to deterioration of basic physical properties such as apparent porosity required for refractories. As a measure for improving the spalling resistance of such a carbon brick, JP-A-62-100484 discloses a method for improving the spalling resistance by replacing part of graphite with expanded graphite. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-81256 discloses a method for improving the spalling resistance using expanded graphite that has been crushed after being compressed as a carbonaceous material.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, if expanded graphite is used in magnesia / carbon bricks, the anti-spoling property is improved. However, expanded graphite is very bulky, and its use is limited to a small area in the production of bricks. In the one described in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 62-1000048, it is limited to a range of only 0.5 to 5% by weight. Therefore, in such a small amount of use, the improvement in the spalling resistance in a part that receives a severe thermal shock such as the bottom of a converter furnace has been limited.
[0005]
On the other hand, the proposal described in JP-A-8-81256 is intended to improve the spalling resistance in a low carbon region, and is used by once compressing expanded graphite and then pulverizing it to a particle size of 1 mm or less. The added amount of the graphite is 0.5 to 40% by weight in the entire carbonaceous material including the scaly graphite, and 0.5 to 15% by weight is preferable as the expanded graphite, and further 0.5 to 10% by weight. In particular, it is limited to 0.5 to 7% by weight. As a result of the study by the present inventors, there is no choice but to have such a configuration.If the amount of expanded graphite is further increased, there is a problem that workability at the time of brick production is extremely reduced, and the amount of graphite is reduced. In order to increase it, it is necessary to use it together with scaly graphite, and as a result, only bricks used for the converter bottom lining can be obtained that are not sufficient in spalling resistance.
[0006]
The present invention improves the workability at the time of manufacturing the brick when using a large amount of the above expanded graphite, and the magnesia carbon brick has extremely excellent spalling resistance that can withstand severe thermal shock at the bottom of the converter furnace. It is another object of the present invention to provide a converter furnace bottom lining using the same.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of various investigations aimed at greatly improving the spalling resistance of magnesia carbon bricks, the present inventors have made expanded graphite obtained by pulverizing the entire amount as a carbonaceous raw material to a specific fine particle size. The present invention has been completed by succeeding in obtaining a brick having extremely excellent spalling resistance, with workability substantially the same as when scaly graphite is used. Specifically, 15-40% by weight of ordinary expanded graphite (excluding those compressed) , the composition of the refractory brick for the bottom part of the converter bottom tuyere, ground to a particle size of 0.3 mm or less, the balance being magnesia It is intended to have excellent spalling resistance by using as a main component. Ordinary expanded graphite (but compressed) in which the bottom lining of the converter bottom tuyere is pulverized to a particle size of 0.3 mm or less 15 to 40% by weight of the excluded), in which it is assumed the balance using magnesia-carbon bricks made of a refractory material mainly composed of magnesia.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As the carbonaceous material used for the magnesia carbon brick in the present invention, only expanded graphite is blended. Here, expanded graphite is obtained by expanding a graphite layer by rapidly heating a graphite intercalation compound in which sulfuric acid or the like is inserted between graphite layers to a temperature of 800 to 1000 ° C. This expanded graphite is a bulky mass in which graphite crystals are entangled with each other to form a honeycomb structure. Compared with ordinary scaly graphite, the bonding between the layers is weak and the elasticity is excellent. Absorbs thermal expansion and contraction of refractory materials and improves spalling resistance. However, when used together with scaly graphite as in the past, the spalling resistance is lowered, so that all the carbonaceous materials are made of expanded graphite.
In addition, the carbonaceous material mentioned here means what excludes the carbon component contained in binders, such as a phenol resin, among the carbon mix | blended with a brick.
[0009]
In the present invention, the expanded graphite has a particle size of 0.3 mm or less. The particle size of expanded graphite is measured by installing a JIS standard sieve in a low tap testing machine. In terms of workability, the expanded graphite has a particle size of 90% by weight or more for a standard sieve having a sieve mesh size of 0.297 mm, and a standard sieve having a particle size of 0.125 mm is 50% by weight or less. Desirable from.
[0010]
In general, expanded graphite has a large volume, so that it is difficult to knead and form during refractory production, and it is difficult to obtain a dense refractory by a conventional production method, as compared with normal graphite. However, when the particle size is 0.3 mm or less as in the present invention, the bulk density is about 0.2 g / cc, which is about three times the bulk density of ordinary expanded graphite. It can be handled in substantially the same manner as scaly graphite and can form dense bricks even at a usage amount of 15 to 40% by weight specified in the present invention. According to the experiments by the present inventors, the above expanded graphite is in the form of a flake having a thickness of several μm. However, the property of improving the spalling resistance is maintained even when the particle size is 0.3 mm or less. It has been confirmed that
In addition, such expanded graphite having a particle size of 0.3 mm or less is obtained by stirring ordinary expanded graphite for a predetermined time using a device having a stirring blade rotating at high speed such as a Henschel mixer. Can do.
[0011]
The amount of the expanded graphite is 15 to 40% by weight in the brick by weight. Preferably it is the range of 15-30 weight%. If this amount is less than 15% by weight, sufficient spalling resistance cannot be obtained. Further, even if an amount exceeding 40% by weight is used, the spalling resistance cannot be improved, and the workability tends to decrease.
[0012]
The magnesia-carbon brick according to the present invention contains, in addition to expanded graphite, a refractory material mainly composed of magnesia, that is, an additive such as magnesia, a binder, and a metal powder added as necessary. As magnesia, sintered magnesia and electrofused magnesia can be used, but those having a MgO purity of 95% by weight or more are preferable. Further, as a binder for magnesia / carbon brick, a usual binder such as phenol resin can be used. The amount of the binder added may be the same as that of magnesia / carbon brick using general scaly graphite.
Furthermore, it is possible to use well-known additives, such as metal powder, antioxidants, such as glass, and various fiber, in the range which does not impair the effect of this invention.
[0013]
In the production of the brick of the present invention, magnesia is further added to the expanded graphite having the characteristics already described, if necessary, and a binder is added thereto, kneaded and molded by a usual method, and then heat-treated. Non-fired bricks may be used, or reduced-fired at a high temperature to form fired bricks. Although the present invention contains a large amount of expanded graphite, it is characterized in that expanded graphite can be used in a production method that does not differ from conventional magnesia / carbon bricks using scaly graphite.
[0014]
In the converter bottom lining of the present invention, the magnesia carbon brick is used for all or part of the furnace bottom. That is, the magnesia / carbon brick may be used only in the tuyere and the vicinity of the tuyere where heat shock is severe, or may be used in the entire bottom of the converter furnace.
The bottom of the converter furnace, in particular the tuyere and the tuyere periphery, is generally designed to have a lining thickness of about 1.5 times that of other parts such as the straight body. Therefore, the working surface side is in contact with molten steel at 1600 ° C. or higher, and the brick is in a condition of large thermal expansion, but the back side is not so hot, and is cooled by the blown gas especially around the tuyere. Therefore, the temperature difference from the operating surface side is extremely large. Further, since the furnace bottom portion is constrained by the joint portion with the straight body portion and the tuyere, the thermal stress generated in the brick becomes extremely large. Therefore, the use site of the magnesia carbon brick according to the present invention may be determined in consideration of the thermal condition and economical efficiency of the converter bottom. Thereby, the generated thermal stress can be absorbed and relaxed even with respect to the thermal shock under the above-mentioned severe restraint, and spalling damage can be prevented.
[0015]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by way of examples.
As shown in Table 1, materials were blended as in Invention Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, kneaded and press molded, and then heat treated at 300 ° C. for 10 hours to produce refractory bricks. In order to investigate the characteristics of each test material as brick used in the converter bottom lining, basic physical properties were investigated, and further, a spalling resistance test and a corrosion resistance test were conducted.
[0016]
In the spalling resistance test, a sample of 50 × 50 × 230 mm was cut out from the refractory brick produced as described above, and the operation of rapidly cooling in water after being immersed in a 1650 ° C. molten steel for 3 minutes to a length of 115 mm was repeated. The measurement was performed by measuring the number of times until a part of the sample peeled off. On the other hand, the corrosion resistance index is based on the reciprocal of the amount of erosion after a test at 1750 ° C. for 5 hours using converter slag (basicity, CaO / SiO 2 = 3.4), which is 100 It was shown as an index. Therefore, the larger the value, the better the corrosion resistance.
[0017]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004139917
[0018]
From comparison between Invention Example 1 and Comparative Example 4, the use of expanded graphite having a particle size of 0.3 mm or less in place of ordinary scaly graphite has almost the same basic physical properties and corrosion resistance, but greatly improved spalling resistance. It turns out that it improves. Further, when Invention Example 2 and Comparative Example 5 are compared, even when the amount of graphite is increased, in the case shown in Invention Example 2, the corrosion resistance is not lowered and the high spalling resistance is maintained. The spalling resistance of 5 is greatly inferior. Further, comparing Invention Example 1 with Comparative Example 3, it can be seen that when 20% by weight of normal expanded graphite is added, the basic physical properties are deteriorated and the corrosion resistance is also inferior, and there is a problem in use in actual equipment. . From Comparative Examples 1 and 2, when the amount of expanded graphite used in the present invention is 10% by weight, the spalling resistance is poor, and when it is 50% by weight, the corrosion resistance is poor.
[0019]
In order to confirm these results in the actual converter operation, the operation was performed with the brick of Invention Example 1 and the brick of Comparative Example 5 spread over the tuyeres at the bottom of the converter furnace and the tuyere periphery. In addition, the brick of the comparative example 4 was used about the other furnace bottom part. When the remaining size of the tuyere after 2000 charge operation was measured and the damage rate was calculated, the tuyere using the brick of Invention Example 1 was 0.2 mm per charge, and the tuyere using the brick of Comparative Example 5 was charged. It was 0.4 mm per unit, and it was confirmed that the lining of the present invention has about twice the durability.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, as described above, the carbonaceous material used in the magnesia carbon brick is all expanded, expanded graphite having a particle size of 0.3 mm or less, and the blending amount is 15 to 40%. It is possible to manufacture bricks that are dense and have high spalling resistance and excellent corrosion resistance without degrading the properties, and if this is used at the bottom of the converter furnace, the spalling resistance is maintained while maintaining the corrosion resistance. A significant improvement in performance can be obtained.

Claims (2)

粒径0.3mm以下に粉砕した通常の膨張黒鉛(ただし圧縮したものを除く)を15〜40重量%、残部がマグネシアを主体とする耐火材料からなることを特徴とする耐スポーリング性に優れた転炉炉底部羽口周辺部用耐火れんが。Excellent spalling resistance, characterized by 15 to 40% by weight of normal expanded graphite (except for compressed ones) pulverized to a particle size of 0.3 mm or less, the balance being made of a refractory material mainly composed of magnesia Refractory brick for the bottom of the converter furnace bottom tuyere. 粒径0.3mm以下に粉砕した通常の膨張黒鉛(ただし圧縮したものを除く)を15〜40重量%、残部がマグネシアを主体とする耐火材料からなるマグネシア・カーボンれんがを使用したことを特徴とする転炉炉底部羽口周辺部ライニング。It is characterized by the use of magnesia / carbon brick made of refractory material mainly composed of magnesia with 15-40% by weight of ordinary expanded graphite (excluding those compressed) pulverized to a particle size of 0.3 mm or less. The bottom lining around the bottom of the converter furnace.
JP02640498A 1998-01-23 1998-01-23 Refractory bricks and converter furnace bottom linings with excellent spalling resistance Expired - Fee Related JP4139917B2 (en)

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