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JP4144100B2 - Brake disc material manufacturing method for railway vehicles - Google Patents
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JP4144100B2 - Brake disc material manufacturing method for railway vehicles - Google Patents

Brake disc material manufacturing method for railway vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4144100B2
JP4144100B2 JP07494899A JP7494899A JP4144100B2 JP 4144100 B2 JP4144100 B2 JP 4144100B2 JP 07494899 A JP07494899 A JP 07494899A JP 7494899 A JP7494899 A JP 7494899A JP 4144100 B2 JP4144100 B2 JP 4144100B2
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aluminum alloy
brake disc
brake
weight
mixed powder
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JP2000266091A (en
Inventor
洋史 東口
精市 古谷
篤司 坂口
喜正 大久保
和久 渋江
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えば鉄道車両用ディスクブレーキに使用されるブレーキディスク材を製造する方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
鉄道車両用ディスクブレーキとして、現在は鋳鉄や鍛鋼が採用されているが、近年の鉄道の高速化、省エネルギ、乗り心地改善指向により、車両の軽量化が要求され、ブレーキディスクもその対象になっている。
【0003】
ブレーキディスク材を軽量化するために、本出願人らは、粉末冶金法及びスプレーフォーミング法を利用して、軽量化を図りつつ、強度を向上させたブレーキディスク材を、特開平10−137920号、特開平10−140273号、特開平10−140274号、特開平10−140275号などで開示した。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記したブレーキディスク材を用いてブレーキディスクに加工する場合、鍛造性が悪いために高加工度を加えたニアネット形状への鍛造に制限がある。なお、鍛造割れを防止するために、鍛造性の良い外皮に覆って鍛造する方法を、本出願人は特開平10−140213号で開示したが、この方法も、外皮が障害となってニアネット形状への鍛造には制限がある。
【0005】
すなわち、本出願人らが先に提案した上記ブレーキディスク材を用いてブレーキディスクに加工する場合には、製品仕上げ加工をする際に、加工代が大きくなるという問題があった。加えて、素材全体が切削加工性の悪い複合材料であるために、加工時間が長くなり、加工コストが嵩むという問題もある。
【0006】
本発明は、上記した問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、軽量化を図りつつ、ニアネット形状の鍛造と、良好な機械加工性を得ることができる鉄道車両用ブレーキディスク材の製造方法を提供することを目的としている。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記した目的を達成するために、本発明に係る鉄道車両用ブレーキディスク材の製造方法は、アルミニウム合金粉末に、平均粒径が1〜20μmで、ビッカース硬さが500以上の硬質粒子を、1種以上、5〜30重量%添加した混合粉を、ホットプレスにより固化させると同時に、別なアルミニウム合金と接合させ、その後熱間鍛造を行うこととしている。そして、このようにすることで、鉄道車両用ディスクブレーキに加工するに際し、ニアネット形状の鍛造と、良好な機械加工性を得ることができる。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に係る鉄道車両用ブレーキディスク材の製造方法は、アルミニウム合金粉末に、平均粒径が1〜20μmで、ビッカース硬さが500以上の硬質粒子を、1種以上、5〜30重量%添加した混合粉を、ホットプレスにより固化させると同時に、別なアルミニウム合金と接合させ、その後熱間鍛造を行うもので、アルミニウム合金粉末は、重量%で、Siが5〜12%で、Cu,Mg,Fe,Ni,Mn,Cr,Ti,Zn又はZrの1種以上を合計で0.5%以上、4%以下含有し、残部はAl及び不可避的不純物であることが望ましい。
【0009】
本発明に係る鉄道車両用ブレーキディスク材の製造方法において、アルミニウム合金粉末にビッカース硬さが500以上の硬質粒子を添加するのは、この硬質粒子を添加することによって、ブレーキパットと摩擦したときの耐摩耗性、摩擦係数、耐焼付き性を高めるためである。硬質粒子は、ビッカース硬さが500以上であれば、その種類は問わないが、例えばSiC,Al23 ,AlN,Si34 等のセラミックス粒子が採用される。
【0010】
また、本発明に係る鉄道車両用ブレーキディスク材の製造方法において、添加する硬質粒子の粒径を1〜20μmとしたのは、1μm未満の粒子は凝集を起こしやすく材料欠陥となるからである。一方、20μmを超えると材料の切削性が著しく低下して機械加工が困難になると共に、摩擦の相手となるブレーキパットを損傷させるからである。
【0011】
また、本発明に係る鉄道車両用ブレーキディスク材の製造方法において、硬質粒子の添加量を、5〜30重量%としたのは、5重量%未満では十分な耐摩耗性と耐焼付き性が得られず、一方、30重量%を超えると鍛造加工性及び切削加工性が低下するからである。
【0012】
また、本発明に係る鉄道車両用ブレーキディスク材の製造方法において、アルミニウム合金粉末に5〜12重量%のSiを含有させるのは以下の理由による。アルミニウムにSiを含有させたAl−Si合金は、耐摩耗性に優れているので、アルミニウム合金基複合材のマトリクスとして用いることによって、より高い耐摩耗性を得ることができる。また、Al−Si合金は、ヤング率が大きく、線膨張係数が小さいことから、熱疲労性に優れ、ブレーキ材用複合材のマトリクスに適した成分である。しかも、ホットプレスのみで粉末同士の結合が十分に起こる合金である。しかし、含有量が5重量%未満では、耐摩耗性や熱疲労特性が低下し、一方、12重量%を超えると、鍛造性が低下する。そこで、本発明では、5〜12重量%とした。
【0013】
また、本発明に係る鉄道車両用ブレーキディスク材の製造方法において、アルミニウム合金粉末にCu,Mg,Fe,Ni,Mn,Cr,Ti,Zn又はZrを添加するのは、合金の強度及び高温に曝されたときの耐軟化性を増加させるためである。しかしながら、添加量が0.5重量%未満では、強度及び耐軟化の増加は認められず、一方、4重量%を超えると、熱伝導率が増加し、鍛造性の低下が問題となってくる。そこで、本発明では、0.5〜4重量%とした。
【0014】
【実施例】
以下、本発明に係る鉄道車両用ブレーキディスク材の製造方法を図1及び図2に示す実施例に基づいて説明する。
図1は本発明に係る鉄道車両用ブレーキディスク材の製造方法を順を追って説明する図、図2は本発明に係る鉄道車両用ブレーキディスク材の製造方法に使用するアルミニウム合金基複合材の他の製造方法を説明する図である。
【0015】
本発明では、例えばアトマイズ法によって製造した急冷凝固アルミニウム合金粉末と、SiC粒子等の硬質粒子を混合し、これをホットプレスを用いて固化させるのと同時に、鍛造性の良い別なアルミニウム合金と接合することで、鉄道車両用ブレーキディスク材を製造する。なお、このようにして製造されたブレーキディスク材は、この後、熱間鍛造によりニアネット形状に加工され、機械加工によってブレーキディスクに仕上げられる。以下詳細に説明する。
【0016】
先ず、アルミニウム合金基複合材のマトリクスとなる、アルミニウム合金粉末を用意する。このアルミニウム合金粉末は、必要な化学成分に配合したアルミニウム合金溶湯を空気或いは窒素等の不活性ガスによるアトマイズ法等を利用して製造する。このアルミニウム合金粉末の成分は、特に限定されるものではないが、Siが5〜12重量%で、Cu,Mg,Fe,Ni,Mn,Cr,Ti,Zn又はZrの1種以上を合計で0.5重量%以上、4重量%以下含有し、残部はAl及び不可避的不純物であることが望ましい。また、このアルミニウム合金粉末の粒度も、特に限定されるものではないが、高強度と高靱性を得るためにも、また、硬質粒子を均一に分散させるためにも、微細であることが望ましい。
【0017】
次に、このアルミニウム合金粉末に、所定の硬質粒子、すなわち、平均粒径が1〜20μmで、ビッカース硬さが500以上の、例えばセラミックス粒子を1種以上、5〜30重量%添加して、各種の攪拌式混合機によって均一に混合する。この後、図1(a)に示すように、アルミニウム容器1内に、接合すべきアルミニウム合金2と、前記アルミニウム合金粉末と硬質粒子との混合粉3を充填した後、図1(b)に示すように、脱気管4aを設けた蓋4をして、前記アルミニウム合金2と混合粉3を400〜500℃に加熱しながら脱気管4aから真空引きし、混合粉3の間に存在する空気と、アルミニウム合金粉末の表面に吸着している水分やガスが、製品に残留しないように除去する。なお、アルミニウム容器1に充填する混合粉3は、粉末状態でも、CIPなどで予備圧縮した成形体でも良い。
【0018】
脱ガス処理後は、図1(c)に示すように、脱気管4aを閉じてアルミニウム容器1内部を真空保持する。その後、350〜500℃で、かつ、面圧が20kgf/mm2 以上でホットプレスして、混合粉3を相対密度が99%以上となるように緻密化させる(図1(d)参照)。そして、この時、混合粉3の緻密化と同時にアルミニウム合金2と固化した混合粉3が接合する。この接合時における接合強度を十分得られるようにするためには、混合粉3と接するアルミニウム合金2の面は、汚れのない状態を維持する必要がある。
【0019】
アルミニウム合金2と混合粉3を接合した後は、アルミニウム容器1を例えば切削除去し(図1(e)参照)、最後に、ニアネット形状に熱間鍛造し、仕上げ加工を施してブレーキディスク製品となる。なお、アルミニウム合金2と混合粉3を接合した後、アルミニウム容器1から出さずに、アルミニウム容器1を一緒に鍛造しても良いが、この場合、アルミニウム容器1が製品内に残らないようにするためには、仕上げ加工代を大きくした鍛造にならざるを得ないので、材料費や仕上げ加工費が嵩むことになる。
【0020】
本発明方法において、アルミニウム合金2と混合粉3の接合は、図1に示した実施例に限らないことは言うまでもない。例えば、図2(a)に示すように、アルミニウム容器1の真中に混合粉3を充填し、接合後は真中から2つに分けて2つの素材を同時に製造したり、また、図2(b)に示すように、2枚のアルミニウム合金2で混合粉3を挟み、混合粉3の部分のみを覆って接合し、接合後は真中から2つに分けて2つの素材を同時に製造したり、また、図2(c)に示すように、アルミニウム容器1の上下に混合粉3を充填し、接合後は真中から2つに分けて2つの素材を同時に製造したり、また、図2(d)に示すように、図2(c)に示したように充填した混合粉3のさらに外側にアルミニウム合金2を配置し、接合後は4つに分けて4つの素材を同時に製造することもできる。
【0021】
次に、本発明に係る鉄道車両用ブレーキディスク材の製造方法の効果を確認するために行った実験例について説明する。
(実験例1)
始めに、下記表1に示すNo.1〜No.6のアルミニウム合金粉末をエアーアトマイズ法によって製造し、これを150μm以下に分級した。これと、表1に示したSiC粒子等の硬質粒子を強制攪拌羽根付きクロスロータリーミキサーにより15分間混合し、各2.5kgの混合粉を用意した。また、外径が150mmの4032合金の連続鋳造棒を、長さ約100mmに切断し、片方の端面を旋盤仕上げした。
【0022】
次に、外径が159mm、内径が151mm、高さが200mmのアルミニウム容器の中に、旋盤仕上げ面を上にして前記4032合金を挿入し、その上に混合粉を充填し、蓋をした。そして、この後、480℃にて1時間の真空脱ガス処理をして封缶した。これを、内径が160mmの金型に装填し、温度430℃、荷重800トン(面圧40kgf/mm2 )、荷重保持時間30秒のホットプレスを行った。
【0023】
ホットプレス材から、4032合金と複合材(混合粉)との境界部分が試験部位に存在するように引張試験片を取出し、常温にて試験した。また、複合材料の部分がホットプレスで緻密になっているかどうかを調査した。光学顕微鏡で空隙が存在するかどうかを観察し、存在する場合にはその面積率から相対密度を得た。その結果を下記表1に示す。
【0024】
【表1】

Figure 0004144100
【0025】
上記表1より明らかなように、発明材であるNo. 1〜No. 3における接合部の強さは4032合金以上であり、ブレーキ材として十分な強度を持っていることが判る。また、複合材の相対密度も100%であった。
【0026】
一方、比較材であるNo.4はマトリクスが純アルミニウムであるために、強度が低かった。また、No.5はマトリクスがAl−Si系であるものの、Feを多量に含んだ合金であるために、ホットプレスでは4032合金と高い接合強度が得られず、接合界面で破断した。複合部の相対密度も100%にならなかった。また、No.6はマトリクスがAl−Fe系であるために、ホットプレスでは4032合金と高い接合強度が得られず、接合界面で破断した。複合部の相対密度も100%にならなかった。
【0027】
(実験例2)
実験例1の発明材No.1〜No.3から直径が100mmで、高さが120mm(複合材の厚さ30mm、4032合金の厚さ90mm)の円柱材を削り出した。これを450℃に加熱した後、油圧プレスを用いて2mm/秒の圧下速度で高さが45mmになるまで鍛造加工した。鍛造加工中に複合材と4032合金の界面には剪断力が作用するが、発明材No.1〜3は、いずれも界面の剥離やポアの発生は認められなかった。発明材No.1の鍛造後における境界部の組織を図3に示すが、図3より境界部は完全に密着していることが判る。
【0028】
さらに、鍛造後、複合部の部分から直径が60mm、厚さが5mmのディスクを作成して、ピン−ディスク式摩耗試験を行った。試験条件は、面圧が1MPa、摩擦速度が5m/秒、潤滑はなしで、相手のピン材は銅系のブレーキパット材を使用し、30分間摩擦することによって行った。評価は、表面形状測定装置によって、ディスクの摩耗部における摩耗深さを測定することにより行った。その結果を下記表2に示すが、発明材は非常に小さい摩耗しか示さず、良好な耐摩耗性を有していた。また、発明材は焼付きも発生しなかった。
【0029】
【表2】
Figure 0004144100
【0030】
(実験例3)
図4に示す形状のブレーキディスク5を得るために、150μm以下に分級したAl−8Si−1Cu組成のエアーアトマイズ粉末に、平均粒径が5μmのSiC粒子を10重量%添加した混合粉を用意した。次に、混合粉3と5083合金2aを図5(a)に示すような、内径が500mmで、高さが260mmのアルミニウム容器1に充填し、480℃で3時間保持しながら真空引きする脱ガス処理を行った。
【0031】
続いて、これを450℃に加熱して内径が560mmの円筒形の金型に挿入し、6000トンで15秒間のホットプレスを行った。その後、アルミニウム容器1を削り取り、さらに、図5(b)に示すように、上下に2分割して外径が540mmで、高さが80mmのブレーキディスク用素材を2個作成した。
【0032】
次に、このブレーキディスク用素材を450℃にて型鍛造して、図5(c)に示すような、ブレーキ摺動面のみに複合材料が使用されているニアネット形状の素材を得ることができた。
【0033】
得られた素材は、接合界面の剥離もなかった。また、この素材を仕上げ加工した後、新幹線の緊急ブレーキ相当の、台上のブレーキ耐久試験を実施したところ、350km/時間からの急停車を100回負荷させても、ブレーキ材の破壊、界面剥離、過度の摩耗等の損傷は認められず、良好なブレーキ性能が確認できた。
比較用として、全体を、Al−8Si−1Cu組成のエアーアトマイズ粉末に、平均粒径が5μmのSiC粒子を10重量%添加した複合材料のみで、外径が540mmで、高さが80mmのブレーキディスク用素材を、同様に型鍛造したが、この場合には、最外周部と下部の張出し部の先端(内側と外側の両方)に微小な鍛造割れが多数発生した。
【0034】
本実施例では、鉄道車両用ブレーキディスク材に適用したものについて説明したが、本発明方法によって製造した素材は、乗用車、トラック、バスなどの自動車用ブレーキディスク材としても使用可能であることは言うまでもない。
【0035】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明に係る鉄道車両用ブレーキディスク材の製造方法は、アルミニウム合金粉末に、所定の硬質粒子を所定量添加した混合粉を、ホットプレスにより固化させると同時に、別なアルミニウム合金と接合させ、その後熱間鍛造を行うので、アルミニウム合金化により軽量化を図りつつ、アルミニウム複合部材単体に比べてニアネット形状の鍛造と、良好な機械加工性を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】(a)〜(e)は本発明に係る鉄道車両用ブレーキディスク材の製造方法を順を追って説明する図である。
【図2】(a)〜(d)は本発明に係る鉄道車両用ブレーキディスク材の製造方法に使用するアルミニウム合金基複合材料の他の製造方法を説明する図である。
【図3】(a)(b)はそれぞれ発明材No.1の鍛造後における境界部の組織を示す顕微鏡写真を示した図で、(b)は(a)の一部を5倍に拡大したものである。
【図4】本発明方法によって製造したブレーキディスクの形状を示す図で、(a)は上半分を平面から見た図、(b)は断面図である。
【図5】(a)〜(c)は本発明方法によって実際にブレーキディスクを製造した際の工程の概略を説明した図である。
【符号の説明】
2 アルミニウム合金
3 混合粉[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a brake disc material used, for example, in a railway vehicle disc brake.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Currently, cast iron and forged steel are used as disc brakes for railway vehicles. However, due to the recent trend toward faster railways, energy savings, and improved ride comfort, weight reduction of vehicles is required, and brake discs are also subject to this. ing.
[0003]
In order to reduce the weight of the brake disc material, the present applicants have disclosed a brake disc material having improved strength while reducing the weight by using powder metallurgy method and spray forming method, as disclosed in JP-A-10-137920. Disclosed in JP-A-10-140273, JP-A-10-140274, JP-A-10-140275, and the like.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when a brake disk is processed using the above-described brake disk material, forging into a near net shape with a high workability is limited due to poor forgeability. In order to prevent forging cracks, the present applicant disclosed in JP-A-10-140213 a method of covering and forging with a good forgeable outer skin. There are limitations to forging into shapes.
[0005]
That is, when processing the brake disc using the brake disc material previously proposed by the present applicants, there is a problem that the processing cost increases when finishing the product. In addition, since the entire material is a composite material with poor machinability, there is a problem that the processing time becomes long and the processing cost increases.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and a method for manufacturing a brake disc material for a railway vehicle that can achieve near-net forging and good machinability while reducing weight. It is intended to provide.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-described object, the method for manufacturing a brake disk material for a railway vehicle according to the present invention includes adding hard particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 20 μm and a Vickers hardness of 500 or more to an aluminum alloy powder. The mixed powder added with 5 to 30% by weight of seeds or more is solidified by hot pressing, and simultaneously joined with another aluminum alloy, and then hot forging is performed . By doing so, near-net forging and good machinability can be obtained when processing into a railway vehicle disc brake.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the method for manufacturing a brake disk material for a railway vehicle according to the present invention, one or more hard particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 20 μm and a Vickers hardness of 500 or more are added to aluminum alloy powder in an amount of 5 to 30% by weight. The mixed powder is solidified by hot pressing and simultaneously joined with another aluminum alloy, and then hot forging is performed . The aluminum alloy powder is 5% by weight, Si is 5 to 12%, Cu, Mg , Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr, Ti, Zn, or Zr is preferably contained in a total amount of 0.5% or more and 4% or less, with the balance being Al and inevitable impurities.
[0009]
In the method for manufacturing a brake disc material for a railway vehicle according to the present invention, the hard particles having a Vickers hardness of 500 or more are added to the aluminum alloy powder when the hard particles are rubbed against the brake pad. This is to improve wear resistance, friction coefficient, and seizure resistance. The hard particles may be of any kind as long as the Vickers hardness is 500 or more, but ceramic particles such as SiC, Al 2 O 3 , AlN, and Si 3 N 4 are employed.
[0010]
Moreover, in the manufacturing method of the brake disk material for railway vehicles which concerns on this invention, the particle size of the hard particle to add was set to 1-20 micrometers because the particle | grains less than 1 micrometer are easy to raise | generate aggregation and it becomes a material defect. On the other hand, if the thickness exceeds 20 μm, the machinability of the material is remarkably deteriorated and machining becomes difficult, and the brake pad which is a friction partner is damaged.
[0011]
In addition, in the method for manufacturing a brake disc material for a railway vehicle according to the present invention, the addition amount of the hard particles is 5 to 30% by weight. If the amount is less than 5% by weight, sufficient wear resistance and seizure resistance are obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 30% by weight, forging workability and cutting workability deteriorate.
[0012]
Moreover, in the manufacturing method of the brake disc material for railway vehicles which concerns on this invention, it is for the following reasons that 5-12 weight% Si is contained in aluminum alloy powder. Since an Al—Si alloy containing Si in aluminum is excellent in wear resistance, higher wear resistance can be obtained by using it as a matrix of an aluminum alloy matrix composite. In addition, since the Al—Si alloy has a large Young's modulus and a low coefficient of linear expansion, it has excellent thermal fatigue properties and is a component suitable for a matrix of a composite material for brake materials. Moreover, it is an alloy in which powders are sufficiently bonded only by hot pressing. However, if the content is less than 5% by weight, the wear resistance and thermal fatigue characteristics are lowered. On the other hand, if the content exceeds 12% by weight, the forgeability is lowered. Therefore, in the present invention, the content is 5 to 12% by weight.
[0013]
Moreover, in the manufacturing method of the brake disk material for railway vehicles according to the present invention, Cu, Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr, Ti, Zn or Zr is added to the aluminum alloy powder because of the strength and high temperature of the alloy. This is to increase the softening resistance when exposed. However, when the addition amount is less than 0.5% by weight, no increase in strength and softening resistance is observed. On the other hand, when the addition amount exceeds 4% by weight, the thermal conductivity increases and the forgeability becomes a problem. . Therefore, in the present invention, the content is set to 0.5 to 4% by weight.
[0014]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the brake disk material for rail vehicles which concerns on this invention is demonstrated based on the Example shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2.
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing a brake disk material for a railway vehicle according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an aluminum alloy matrix composite material used in the method for manufacturing a brake disk material for a railway vehicle according to the present invention. It is a figure explaining the manufacturing method of.
[0015]
In the present invention, for example, rapidly solidified aluminum alloy powder produced by an atomizing method and hard particles such as SiC particles are mixed and solidified using a hot press, and at the same time, joined with another aluminum alloy having good forgeability. As a result, a brake disc material for a railway vehicle is manufactured. The brake disc material thus manufactured is then processed into a near net shape by hot forging and finished into a brake disc by machining. This will be described in detail below.
[0016]
First, an aluminum alloy powder serving as a matrix of an aluminum alloy matrix composite is prepared. This aluminum alloy powder is produced by using an atomized method using an inert gas such as air or nitrogen, and a molten aluminum alloy blended with necessary chemical components. The component of the aluminum alloy powder is not particularly limited, but Si is 5 to 12% by weight, and one or more of Cu, Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr, Ti, Zn, or Zr in total. It is desirable to contain 0.5 wt% or more and 4 wt% or less, with the balance being Al and inevitable impurities. Further, the particle size of the aluminum alloy powder is not particularly limited, but it is desirable to be fine in order to obtain high strength and high toughness and to disperse the hard particles uniformly.
[0017]
Next, to the aluminum alloy powder, predetermined hard particles, that is, 1 to 20 μm in average particle diameter and 500 or more Vickers hardness, for example, one or more ceramic particles are added in an amount of 5 to 30% by weight, Mix evenly with various stirring mixers. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 1 (a), an aluminum alloy 2 to be joined and a mixed powder 3 of the aluminum alloy powder and hard particles are filled in an aluminum container 1, and then, as shown in FIG. 1 (b). As shown, the lid 4 provided with a deaeration pipe 4a is evacuated from the deaeration pipe 4a while heating the aluminum alloy 2 and the mixed powder 3 to 400 to 500 ° C. Then, moisture and gas adsorbed on the surface of the aluminum alloy powder are removed so as not to remain in the product. The mixed powder 3 filled in the aluminum container 1 may be in a powder state or a compact that is pre-compressed with CIP or the like.
[0018]
After the degassing process, as shown in FIG. 1C, the deaeration pipe 4a is closed and the inside of the aluminum container 1 is kept in vacuum. Thereafter, hot pressing is performed at 350 to 500 ° C. and a surface pressure of 20 kgf / mm 2 or more to densify the mixed powder 3 so that the relative density becomes 99% or more (see FIG. 1D). At this time, the mixed powder 3 solidified with the aluminum alloy 2 is joined simultaneously with the densification of the mixed powder 3. In order to obtain a sufficient bonding strength at the time of bonding, the surface of the aluminum alloy 2 that is in contact with the mixed powder 3 needs to be kept clean.
[0019]
After the aluminum alloy 2 and the mixed powder 3 are joined, the aluminum container 1 is removed by cutting, for example (see FIG. 1 (e)), and finally it is hot-forged into a near net shape and subjected to finishing to produce a brake disc product. It becomes. In addition, after joining the aluminum alloy 2 and the mixed powder 3, the aluminum container 1 may be forged together without being taken out from the aluminum container 1, but in this case, the aluminum container 1 is not left in the product. Therefore, forging with a large finishing cost is unavoidable, so material costs and finishing costs increase.
[0020]
In the method of the present invention, it goes without saying that the joining of the aluminum alloy 2 and the mixed powder 3 is not limited to the embodiment shown in FIG. For example, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), the mixed powder 3 is filled in the middle of the aluminum container 1, and after joining, the two materials are manufactured at the same time in two from the middle. ), The mixed powder 3 is sandwiched between two aluminum alloys 2, and only the mixed powder 3 is covered and joined, and after joining, the two materials are divided into two from the middle, and two materials are manufactured simultaneously. Moreover, as shown in FIG.2 (c), the mixed powder 3 is filled up and down of the aluminum container 1, and after joining, it can divide into two from the center and can manufacture two raw materials simultaneously, or FIG.2 (d) As shown in FIG. 2 (c), the aluminum alloy 2 can be arranged on the outer side of the mixed powder 3 filled as shown in FIG. 2 (c), and the four materials can be manufactured at the same time after being joined. .
[0021]
Next, an experimental example performed to confirm the effect of the method for manufacturing a brake disc material for a railway vehicle according to the present invention will be described.
(Experimental example 1)
First, No. 1 shown in Table 1 below. 1-No. No. 6 aluminum alloy powder was produced by the air atomization method, and classified to 150 μm or less. This and hard particles such as SiC particles shown in Table 1 were mixed for 15 minutes by a cross rotary mixer with forced stirring blades to prepare 2.5 kg of mixed powder. Further, a 4032 alloy continuous cast bar having an outer diameter of 150 mm was cut to a length of about 100 mm, and one end face was lathe-finished.
[0022]
Next, the 4032 alloy was inserted into an aluminum container having an outer diameter of 159 mm, an inner diameter of 151 mm, and a height of 200 mm, with the lathe finished surface facing up, and the mixed powder was filled thereon and the lid was capped. And after this, it vacuum-degassed at 480 degreeC for 1 hour, and sealed it. This was loaded into a mold having an inner diameter of 160 mm, and hot pressing was performed at a temperature of 430 ° C., a load of 800 tons (surface pressure of 40 kgf / mm 2 ), and a load holding time of 30 seconds.
[0023]
A tensile test piece was taken out from the hot pressed material so that the boundary portion between the 4032 alloy and the composite material (mixed powder) was present at the test site, and tested at room temperature. Moreover, it was investigated whether the part of the composite material was dense by hot pressing. The presence or absence of voids was observed with an optical microscope, and when it was present, the relative density was obtained from the area ratio. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
[0024]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004144100
[0025]
As is apparent from Table 1 above, it can be seen that the strength of the joints in the invention materials No. 1 to No. 3 is 4032 alloy or more and has sufficient strength as a brake material. The relative density of the composite material was also 100%.
[0026]
On the other hand, No. which is a comparative material. No. 4 had a low strength because the matrix was pure aluminum. No. Although No. 5 is an Al—Si based matrix, it is an alloy containing a large amount of Fe. Therefore, hot bonding did not provide a high bonding strength with 4032 alloy, and fractured at the bonding interface. The relative density of the composite part also did not become 100%. No. In No. 6, since the matrix was Al—Fe, hot bonding did not provide high bonding strength with 4032 alloy, and fractured at the bonding interface. The relative density of the composite part also did not become 100%.
[0027]
(Experimental example 2)
Invention material No. 1 of Experimental Example 1 1-No. A cylindrical material having a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 120 mm (composite material thickness 30 mm, 4032 alloy thickness 90 mm) was cut out from 3. This was heated to 450 ° C. and then forged using a hydraulic press at a reduction speed of 2 mm / second until the height reached 45 mm. A shearing force acts on the interface between the composite material and the 4032 alloy during forging. As for 1-3, neither peeling of an interface nor generation | occurrence | production of a pore was recognized. Invention No. The structure of the boundary portion after forging 1 is shown in FIG. 3, and it can be seen from FIG. 3 that the boundary portion is completely adhered.
[0028]
Further, after forging, a disk having a diameter of 60 mm and a thickness of 5 mm was prepared from the composite portion, and a pin-disk type abrasion test was performed. The test conditions were as follows: the surface pressure was 1 MPa, the friction speed was 5 m / sec, no lubrication was performed, and the other pin material was a copper brake pad material and rubbed for 30 minutes. The evaluation was performed by measuring the wear depth in the worn part of the disk with a surface shape measuring device. The results are shown in Table 2 below, and the inventive material showed very little wear and had good wear resistance. Further, the inventive material did not cause seizure.
[0029]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004144100
[0030]
(Experimental example 3)
In order to obtain the brake disk 5 having the shape shown in FIG. 4, a mixed powder prepared by adding 10% by weight of SiC particles having an average particle diameter of 5 μm to air atomized powder having an Al-8Si-1Cu composition classified to 150 μm or less was prepared. . Next, the mixed powder 3 and the 5083 alloy 2a are filled in an aluminum container 1 having an inner diameter of 500 mm and a height of 260 mm as shown in FIG. 5A, and evacuated while being held at 480 ° C. for 3 hours. Gas treatment was performed.
[0031]
Subsequently, this was heated to 450 ° C. and inserted into a cylindrical mold having an inner diameter of 560 mm, and hot pressing was performed at 6000 tons for 15 seconds. Thereafter, the aluminum container 1 was scraped, and further, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), two brake disc materials having an outer diameter of 540 mm and a height of 80 mm were prepared by dividing the container into two parts.
[0032]
Next, this brake disc material is die-forged at 450 ° C. to obtain a near net-shaped material in which a composite material is used only on the brake sliding surface as shown in FIG. did it.
[0033]
The obtained material did not peel off the bonding interface. In addition, after finishing this material, we conducted a brake durability test on the platform equivalent to an emergency brake on the Shinkansen. No damage such as excessive wear was observed, and good braking performance was confirmed.
For comparison purposes, the whole is a composite material in which 10% by weight of SiC particles having an average particle diameter of 5 μm are added to air atomized powder having an Al-8Si-1Cu composition, an outer diameter of 540 mm, and a height of 80 mm. The disk material was die-forged in the same manner. In this case, however, a large number of minute forging cracks occurred at the tips of the outermost peripheral part and the lower overhang part (both inside and outside).
[0034]
In the present embodiment, description has been made on the application to a brake disc material for a railway vehicle. However, it goes without saying that the material manufactured by the method of the present invention can also be used as a brake disc material for automobiles such as passenger cars, trucks and buses. Yes.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the method for manufacturing a brake disk material for a railway vehicle according to the present invention solidifies a mixed powder obtained by adding a predetermined amount of predetermined hard particles to an aluminum alloy powder by hot pressing, and at the same time uses another aluminum. Since it is joined to an alloy and then hot forging is performed , forging with a near net shape and good machinability can be obtained as compared with a single aluminum composite member while reducing the weight by forming an aluminum alloy.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIGS. 1A to 1E are views for explaining a method of manufacturing a brake disk material for a railway vehicle according to the present invention in order.
FIGS. 2A to 2D are views for explaining another method for producing an aluminum alloy matrix composite material used in the method for producing a brake disk material for a railway vehicle according to the present invention.
3 (a) and (b) are invention material Nos. It is the figure which showed the microscope picture which shows the structure | tissue of the boundary part after 1 forging, (b) expands a part of (a) 5 times.
4A and 4B are views showing the shape of a brake disc manufactured by the method of the present invention, in which FIG.
FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (c) are diagrams illustrating an outline of a process when a brake disk is actually manufactured by the method of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
2 Aluminum alloy 3 Mixed powder

Claims (2)

アルミニウム合金粉末に、平均粒径が1〜20μmで、ビッカース硬さが500以上の硬質粒子を、1種以上、5〜30重量%添加した混合粉を、ホットプレスにより固化させると同時に、別なアルミニウム合金と接合させ、その後熱間鍛造を行うことを特徴とする鉄道車両用ブレーキディスク材の製造方法。A mixed powder obtained by adding one or more and 5 to 30% by weight of hard particles having an average particle diameter of 1 to 20 μm and a Vickers hardness of 500 or more to an aluminum alloy powder is solidified by hot pressing, and another A method for producing a brake disc material for a railway vehicle, characterized by joining with an aluminum alloy and then performing hot forging . アルミニウム合金粉末は、重量%で、Siが5〜12%で、Cu,Mg,Fe,Ni,Mn,Cr,Ti,Zn又はZrの1種以上を合計で0.5%以上、4%以下含有し、残部はAl及び不可避的不純物であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の鉄道車両用ブレーキディスク材の製造方法。Aluminum alloy powder is 5% to 12% by weight, Si is 5 to 12%, and a total of one or more of Cu, Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr, Ti, Zn, or Zr is 0.5% or more and 4% or less. The method for producing a brake disk material for a railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the balance is Al and inevitable impurities.
JP07494899A 1999-03-19 1999-03-19 Brake disc material manufacturing method for railway vehicles Expired - Fee Related JP4144100B2 (en)

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