JP4173030B2 - Method for separating laminated glass and separating apparatus for the method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for separating laminated glass used for a windshield of a car or a window glass for building materials, and a separation apparatus that can use this method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Laminated glass is frequently used for the above windshield and window glass applications. This laminated glass is formed by interposing a synthetic resin intermediate film such as polyvinyl butyral between a pair of glasses of an outer glass and an inner glass. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a typical laminated glass. A laminated glass 4 has a structure in which a pair of glasses 2 and 3 (each having a thickness of about 2 mm) are laminated via an intermediate film 1 having a thickness of about 1 mm. Indicates that When the laminated glass is heated at the time of formation, the intermediate film 1 is fixed to the minute irregularities at the interface between the glasses 2 and 3 by the anchor effect. Adhesion by the anchor effect is strong, and it is not necessary to use an adhesive when forming a laminated glass. Further, by providing such a structure, even if an impact is applied to the laminated glass and the glass is broken, the intermediate film functions as a protective layer, and a situation where countless crushed glass pieces are scattered is prevented.
[0003]
By the way, in the final disposal of laminated glass, traditionally, shredder dust was used as it was, and then buried underground as industrial waste. However, recently, it has been demanded to establish a technology for reusing separated and recovered glass parts in response to recent resource recycling. In laminated glass, the opportunity to separate and recover the glass portion is broadly classified when a broken piece in the glass manufacturing process or a defective product in the mounting process occurs, or when the windshield is taken out from the collection scrap car. What is commonly done in both cases is that after the laminated glass is crushed and fragmented into cullet-like glass pieces, the strong adhesive force of the interlayer film is reduced even if the glass pieces are still attached even if they are fragmented. That is.
[0004]
FIG. 2 shows the shape of the intermediate film 1 with the glass piece 5 attached after the laminated glass is crushed. Even if pulverized by a simple breaking method such as a hammering method, a roller method, or a press method, the cullet-shaped glass piece 5 is deformed, but a large part of the laminated glass can be peeled off due to the strong adhesion of the interlayer film 1. Without being attached to the intermediate film 1, the structure of the laminated glass 4 is barely maintained. In order to reuse the glass portion described above, it is necessary to efficiently separate the glass piece 5 from the intermediate film 1, and for this reason, it is necessary to reduce the adhesive strength of the intermediate film. is there.
[0005]
Conventionally, as a method of separating this kind of glass piece, after weakening the adhesive strength of the intermediate film through immersion in water or high humidity atmosphere to the intermediate film in a state of being fragmented and having a cullet-like glass piece attached thereto In some cases, the intermediate film and the glass are separated by applying vibration with a vibrating sieve (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Alternatively, there is also a type in which a laminated glass in a cracked state is dipped in water and then the glass is separated by spraying high-pressure water on the glass (for example, Patent Document 2).
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 51-46308 A (page 52)
[0007]
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-10695 (page 2-4, FIG. 4)
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in order to separate the glass portion in the above conventional example, the external force (contact vibration by the vibrating sieve or pressure of the spray water) is either one of the front and back glass surfaces in a state of discontinuously adhering to the front and back of the intermediate film. Therefore, while acting on the cullet glass on one side, the separation of the remaining other side glass does not proceed.
In other words, there is a waste of time for the external force to act, and when the intermediate film with cullet to be separated is large, additional steps such as reversing the front and back are required, and there are many problems. .
[0009]
In view of the above problems, the present invention can implement a method for efficiently separating an interlayer film and glass constituting a laminated glass and the method for the purpose of, for example, recovering a glass portion of the laminated glass. It is an object to provide a separation device.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention first pulverizes a laminated glass into cullet-like glass pieces when separating a laminated glass having an intermediate film interposed between a pair of glass plates into a glass and an intermediate film. A first step, a second step for reducing the adhesive strength of the intermediate film with the cullet-like glass pieces adhered thereto, a lower glass plate peeling screen that can vibrate in a substantially horizontal direction opposite to each other, and a substantially horizontal direction A third step of loading the laminated glass by bringing both glass plate surfaces of the pair of glass plates into contact with each other between the swingable upper glass plate peeling screen is performed in this order.
[0011]
This is a laminated glass structure composed of a glass plate part whose front and back surfaces are transformed into cullet-like glass pieces after pulverization in the first step and a decrease in adhesive strength in the second step, and an intermediate film to which the cullet still adheres. Is held between the upper and lower glass plate peeling screens in the third step with the front and back glass surfaces in contact with the opposing screens. That is, in order to cause an external force for separating the glass portions to act on both the front and back glass surfaces in the subsequent fourth step.
[0012]
Then, in the subsequent fourth step, the lower glass plate peeling screen is vibrated, whereby the intermediate film with the cullet-shaped glass piece and the upper glass plate peeling screen are caused to self-excited. At this time, the intermediate film with a cullet-like glass piece on the lower glass plate peeling screen is only placed in contact with the screen, so that the self-excited phase is slightly delayed from the displacement of the lower peeling screen. Perform induced vibration. Furthermore, since the upper glass plate peeling screen on the intermediate film is also placed in contact with the intermediate film, the self-excited vibration is generated with a slight delay in phase from the self-excited vibration of the intermediate film. . Accordingly, the front and back glass surfaces of the intermediate film slide relative to each of the upper and lower glass plate peeling screens facing each other, and such an external force acts to separate the glass portion.
[0013]
That is, since the glass is separated from the intermediate film on both the front and back surfaces simultaneously, the process efficiency is improved, for example, the cycle time is shortened. Moreover, even if the intermediate film with cullet is large, no reversing work is required.
[0014]
In this case, a pressing process performed on the laminated glass is suitable for the pulverization of the laminated glass in the first process, or the laminated glass is applied to the intermediate film to reduce the adhesive strength of the intermediate film in the second process. It is preferable to use a temperature higher than that at the time of adhesion due to the anchor effect in the forming process, or to use immersion in water.
[0015]
Furthermore, in order to perform the above-described third and fourth steps, in particular, a device for separating the crushed laminated glass into glass and an intermediate film, a fixed base portion, and a frame portion mounted on the base portion so as to vibrate, Vibrating means for vibrating the frame portion in a substantially horizontal direction, a lower glass plate peeling screen placed in the frame so as to vibrate integrally with the frame by the vibrating means, and the lower side through the laminated glass to be separated The upper glass plate peeling screen which can be freely shaken placed on the glass plate peeling screen is used.
[0016]
According to this, when the frame portion is vibrated by the vibrating means, the lower glass plate peeling screen vibrates integrally with the frame portion, and the laminated glass on the screen, that is, both the front and back surfaces are formed into cullet-like glass pieces. Generates self-excited induced vibrations that are slightly out of phase with the frame and lower glass plate peeling screen, while the laminated glass structure is held by the deformed glass plate part and the intermediate film on which the cullet still adheres. Can be made. Furthermore, in the same manner, self-excited induced vibration with a phase slightly delayed from the self-excited vibration of the intermediate film can be generated for the upper glass plate peeling screen on the laminated glass structure. That is, the front and back glass surfaces of the intermediate film slide relative to each of the upper and lower glass plate peeling screens facing each other, and such an external force acts so that the glass portions on both sides of the laminated glass are simultaneously moved. Can be separated.
[0017]
Needless to say, an improvement in efficiency can be obtained by arranging the devices according to the first and second steps in the vicinity of the periphery of the device.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As described above, the method for separating laminated glass according to the present invention includes the first step of pulverizing the laminated glass into cullet-like glass pieces, and the second step of reducing the adhesive force of the intermediate film with the cullet-like glass pieces adhered thereto. And both glass plate surfaces comprising the pair of glass plates between a lower glass plate peeling screen facing each other and capable of vibrating in a substantially horizontal direction, and an upper glass plate peeling screen capable of shaking in a substantially horizontal direction. A third step of loading the laminated glass by bringing them into contact with each other, and vibrating the lower glass plate peeling screen to cause the intermediate film with the cullet-like glass pieces and the upper glass plate peeling screen to self-oscillate, respectively. It consists of 4 steps.
[0019]
Each process will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
[0020]
FIG. 3A is a schematic perspective view of a laminated glass crusher used in the first process, and a substantially horizontal laminated glass 4 is inserted between an upper mold 6 and a lower mold 7 facing each other. Then, in the pressing process of embossing with a plurality of blades 8 and 9 provided so as to be alternately fitted when the upper mold 6 and the lower mold 7 approach each other, the glass 2 and 3 (not shown) of the laminated glass 4 ) Cracks. When a car windshield having a curved surface is used as the laminated glass 4, it may be made substantially flat by hitting it with a hammer or the like before insertion.
[0021]
The blades 8 and 9 have the same shape with only their relative positions reversed, and the details are shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the cutting tools 8 and 9 are square pedestals in which the top portion T is formed in a pedestal shape, and an example of the dimensions thereof is that the pedestal square of the top portion T has a side of 2 mm, the bottom B has a cross-sectional square of 7 mm on a side, A pedestal S having a height H of 7 mm and a height H ′ of 3 mm extends from the bottom B. Further, the apex angle of the apex T is 40 °, and the pitch of the apex T is set to 14 mm between adjacent molds.
[0022]
Then, as shown in the enlarged view of FIG. 3 (c), the plurality of blades 8 and 9 are arranged in a matrix such that the convex shape M of the one side blade is opposed to the concave shape F of the other side blade, Each constitutes an upper and lower mold. FIG.3 (c) has shown the state at the time of a die pressing, and when it becomes difficult to convey the laminated glass 4 to a subsequent process if upper and lower mold | die penetrates the laminated glass 4 (not shown) at this time. This must be taken into account when designing the stroke amount and overlap amount of the upper and lower molds. In this case, as an example, the relative stroke amount L is 6 mm, and the overlap amount O is 1.5 mm.
[0023]
Next, the crushing process at the time of the die pressing by the laminated glass crusher will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
[0024]
Commonly shown in steps I to IV of FIG. 4 are a cross-sectional view (a) and a top view (b) showing states of the upper and lower molds 8 and 9 and the laminated glass 4 at the time of stamping.
[0025]
FIG. 4 (I) shows that the pedestal-shaped flat surface of the top T of the blades 8 and 9 is formed on the laminated glass 4 which has been subjected to preliminary pulverization which is deformed by a hammer or the like on the above-described automotive windshield or the like. The state in which the laminated glass 4 is in contact with both the front and back glass surfaces 2 and 3, that is, the gap between the upper and lower molds 6 and 7 as the thickness of the laminated glass 4 as shown in FIG. It is. At this time, as shown in the top view of FIG. 4 (I-b), a top T ₂ of the top portion T ₁ and cutting tool 9 of the cutting tool 8 are periodically arranged in a staggered manner. In the present embodiment, the state of FIG. 4I is defined as a stroke amount of 0 mm as an initial value.
[0026]
Next, FIG. 4 (II) shows a state in which the upper and lower molds 6 and 7 are relatively approached by 1 mm (stroke amount is 1 mm). At this time, as shown in FIGS. 4 (II-a) and (II-b), the intermediate film 1 is formed in the glass surfaces 2 and 3 starting from the tops T ₁ and T ₂ by vertical stress due to the pressure contact of the blades 8 and 9. Cracks (cracks) C that reach the height of the intermediate film 1 are generated, and accordingly, the linear shape of the intermediate film 1 is bent and deformed.
[0027]
And in the state of stroke amount 2mm as shown in FIG. 4 (III), as shown in FIG. 4 (III-a) and (III-b), the glass surfaces 2, 3 by the vertical stress of the blades 8 and 9 are shown. The glass cannot maintain the planar shape, and the pulverization starts, whereby the cullet-shaped glass piece 10 is peeled off.
[0028]
Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 4 (IV), when a stroke amount of 6 mm is reached, pulverization of a corresponding portion of the glass surfaces 2 and 3 proceeds and peels off as a glass piece 10. On the other hand, as the bending of the intermediate film 1 progresses, the glass piece 11 that stretches remarkably at the bent portion and barely maintains the adhesion state to the intermediate film 1 while deforming into a cullet shape is the end of the adhesion surface. It begins to peel from a part, and, thereby, peeling of the cullet-shaped glass pieces 10 and 11 is accelerated. In addition, since the amount of overlap of the blades 8 and 9 at the stage of the stroke amount of 6 mm is 1.5 mm as described above, and the elongation amount of the intermediate film 1 generated thereby is less than its breaking limit, the intermediate film 1 itself is not broken.
[0029]
The ultrafine glass piece 10 that peels off in the pressing steps I to IV, particularly III to IV shown in FIG. 4 is about 20% of the total volume of the glass surfaces 2 and 3. The remaining approximately 80% of the glass portion is in the state of a cullet-like glass piece 11 that maintains its adhesion to the intermediate film 1. The glass piece 11 desirably has a maximum length of about 5 mm, that is, a maximum area of about 25 mm ² . This is because if the particle size is too small, it is difficult to effectively reduce the adhesive force in the subsequent second step, as will be described later.
[0030]
In the present embodiment, a press-type crushing device using embossing is used as the crushing means in the first step, but other than this, for example, a crushing device as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 may be used. .
[0031]
FIG. 5 shows a bending type crushing apparatus, which applies a vertical stress to the bent portion of the bent laminated glass 4 by a cutter 12 while bending the extruded laminated glass 4 to cause cracks in a strip shape.
[0032]
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a roller-type crushing apparatus, and the laminated glass 4 is sent out between a pair of rollers 13 and 14 provided with a plurality of blades 8 and 9 along the surface. Cracks are generated by the press-fitting of the blades 8 and 9 accompanying the rotation.
[0033]
FIG. 7 shows a second step for reducing the adhesive strength of the intermediate film 1 following the first step of crushing the glass surface of FIGS. 3 to 6.
[0034]
By immersing the laminated glass 4 in the state of the intermediate film 1 with the cullet-shaped glass piece 11 obtained in the first step in the water in the water tank 15, the adhesive force of the intermediate film 1 is reduced, and the glass piece 11 is strengthened. The attached state is relieved. Specifically, it has been found that after 3 hours of water immersion at a water temperature of 80 ° C., the adhesive force per piece of cullet-like glass piece 11 is reduced from about 2 kgf to about 0.5 kgf. In addition, although the tendency for the recovery rate of the glass piece 11 to improve is recognized when the water temperature is raised, this recovery rate becomes a plateau state at the boundary of the water temperature of 80 ° C., so it is assumed that this temperature is the saturation point of the recovery rate. Is done. As for the immersion time, the recovery rate reverses and falls after 3 hours. Accordingly, process conditions of a water temperature of 80 ° C. and immersion for 3 hours are desirable.
[0035]
The decrease in adhesive strength due to immersion can be explained as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, the cullet 10 (not shown) swells in a mesh form from the peeled surface 16 (where the cracks are enlarged), thereby becoming cloudy. This white turbidity gradually diffuses inside the mesh and finally reaches the entire intermediate film 1, so that the overall swelling proceeds. At this time, since the intermediate film 1 is subjected to a shearing stress due to the expansion of the surface area, the adhesive force due to the anchor effect that closely adheres to the fine irregular shape of the glass surface is reduced accordingly. At this time, if the particle size of the cullet 10 is extremely small, cracks generated are also small, and air bubbles are easily generated between the cracks. Such bubbles become a factor that hinders the transmission of the water temperature to the intermediate film 1, and as a result, there is a risk that the desired effective adhesive force cannot be reduced. Therefore, as described above, it is desirable that the cullet has a maximum length of about 5 mm, that is, a maximum area of about 25 mm ² .
[0036]
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view (a) and a top view (b) of an apparatus for separating the glass and the intermediate film in the third and fourth steps from the laminated glass 4 pulverized up to the second step. Shown in Referring to FIGS. 9A and 9B, the separating device 17 includes a base 18 fixed to the ground, a frame 19 mounted on the base 18 so as to be able to vibrate, and the frame 19 in a substantially horizontal direction. The vibration mechanism 20 to be vibrated, the lower glass plate peeling screen 21 attached in the frame 19 so as to vibrate integrally with the frame 19 by the vibration mechanism 20, and the laminated glass 4 having undergone the first and second steps. And an upper glass plate peeling screen 22 that can be swayed and placed on the lower glass plate peeling screen 21, and further below the frame 19, a recovery bucket for collecting the peeling glass pieces guided by the hopper 19a. 19b is provided.
[0037]
FIG. 10 shows details of the upper and lower glass plate peeling screens 21 and 22. As shown in the figure, the screens 21 and 22 have a crimped woven mesh structure, and as an example, a screen having an opening N of 15 mm, a wire diameter r of 2 mm, and an overall weight of about 40 kg is used.
[0038]
By the way, in the third step, the laminated glass 4 that has undergone the first and second steps is loaded between the screens 21 and 22, and the laminated glass 4 and the upper glass are placed on the lower glass plate peeling screen 21. By placing the plate peeling screen 22 on top of each other in this order, both glass surfaces 2, 3 (not shown) of the laminated glass 4 are brought into contact with the facing screens 21, 22 respectively.
[0039]
In this state, the fourth step of vibrating both the screens 21 and 22 and the laminated glass 4 is started. That is, when the vibration mechanism 20 of FIG. 9B is driven and the frame 19 is vibrated at a frequency of, for example, 700 times / minute for 35 seconds, the lower glass plate peeling screen 21 vibrates integrally with the frame 19, The laminated glass 4 on the screen 21 in the contact state, that is, the laminated glass by the glass plate 3 whose front and back surfaces are deformed into cullet-like glass pieces 10 (not shown) and the intermediate film 1 in which the cullet 10 is still attached. In contrast to the structure having the structure 4, self-excited induced vibration having a phase slightly delayed from the lower glass sheet peeling screen 21 occurs. Further, in the same manner, self-excited induced vibration having a phase slightly delayed from the self-excited vibration of the intermediate film 1 is generated on the upper glass plate peeling screen 22 on the laminated glass structure 4 in the contact state.
[0040]
And it comes to slide relatively with each of the upper and lower glass plate peeling screens 21 and 22 which the front and back glass surfaces 2 and 3 of the intermediate film 1 face each other, and such an external force acts on the glass surface. The glass is separated from the intermediate film 1 simultaneously on both sides. The actual glass separation at this time will be described with reference to FIG.
[0041]
That is, when the lower glass plate peeling screen 21 vibrates in the horizontal direction integrally with the frame 19 by the vibration mechanism 20, referring to FIG. 11A, the intermediate film 1 with the cullet-like glass piece 11 adhered thereto is Since it is only placed in contact with the screen 21, self-excited induced vibration with a phase slightly delayed from the lower peeling screen 21 is performed. Since the screen 21 and the intermediate film 1 have different vibration phases, they slide relatively. At this time, the line section 23 of the crimped woven mesh and the glass piece 11 are pressed against each other, and a shear stress acts on the intermediate film 1. Thereby, the cullet-shaped glass piece 11 peels from the intermediate film 1.
[0042]
The same applies to the upper glass plate peeling screen 22 and the intermediate film 1. Since the screen 22 is merely placed in contact with the intermediate film 1, sliding is relatively performed with different vibration phases. The cullet-shaped glass piece 11 is peeled from the intermediate film 1 (see FIG. 11B).
[0043]
In this embodiment, the line cross-sectional diameter r of the line cross-section 23 of the crimped woven mesh is 2 mm, but it is equivalent to the thickness of the glass surfaces 2 and 3 in FIG. That is, in this case, it has been found that if the line cross-sectional diameter is set to 1 mm or less, or 3 mm or more, for example, the peeling rate of the glass piece 11 decreases.
[0044]
Then, the peeled glass piece 11 passes through the opening portions of the upper and lower glass plate peeling screens 21 and 22 and is collected by the collecting bucket 19b in FIG. 9 and used in the next process such as reuse. It is done.
[0045]
Moreover, the glass piece which can be peeled in this way is about 60% of the total volume of the glass surfaces 2 and 3 in general. After that, about 20% of the glass piece remains attached to the intermediate film, but since the recovered amount of the glass piece is generally satisfactory, it can be reused as a thermal recycle fuel after taking out from the apparatus. .
[0046]
The numerical examples used in the present embodiment are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited by these.
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above description, when the separation method of the present invention is used, the front and back glass surfaces of the interlayer film in the laminated glass structure slide relative to each of the opposing upper and lower glass plate peeling screens. Thus, such an external force acts to separate the glass portion. That is, since the glass is separated from the intermediate film on both the front and back surfaces simultaneously, the process efficiency is improved, for example, the cycle time is shortened. Moreover, even if the intermediate film with cullet is large, no reversing work is required.
[0048]
Furthermore, since the separation apparatus of the present invention uses self-excited vibration generation, the vibration mechanism to be mounted is simplified, and the complexity of the apparatus can be suppressed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminated glass. FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the shape of an intermediate film after pulverization. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a laminated glass pulverizing apparatus. Schematic diagram showing the fitting state of both upper and lower molds [FIG. 4] (I) to (IV) Crushing process diagram (a) Schematic cross-sectional view (b) Schematic top view [FIG. 5] Bending pulverizer [FIG. 6] Roller [Fig. 7] Immersion process diagram [Fig. 8] Schematic sectional view of the intermediate film during the immersing process [Fig. 9] (a) Schematic sectional view of the laminated glass separating device (b) Schematic top view of the laminated glass separating device FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a glass sheet peeling screen. FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an intermediate film during the separation process.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Intermediate film 2, 3 Glass plate 4 Laminated glass 6 Upper mold | type 7 Lower mold | type 8, 9 Cutting tool 10, 11 Cullet-shaped glass piece 15 Water tank 17 Separating device 18 Base 19 Frame 21 Lower glass plate peeling screen 22 Upper glass plate peeling screen 20 Vibration mechanism

Claims (3)

In a method for separating a laminated glass formed by interposing an intermediate film between a pair of glass plates into a glass and an intermediate film, a first step of pulverizing the laminated glass into a cullet-like glass piece, and the cullet-like glass piece comprising: A second step of reducing the adhesive force of the intermediate film that remains attached; a lower glass plate peeling screen that can vibrate in a substantially horizontal direction opposite to each other; and an upper glass plate peeling screen that can be shaken in a substantially horizontal direction; A third step of loading the laminated glass by bringing the two glass plate surfaces into contact with each other, and vibrating the lower glass plate peeling screen to form the intermediate film with the cullet-like glass pieces, A method for separating laminated glass, comprising performing a fourth step of self-exciting vibration of the glass plate peeling screen. In the first step, the laminated glass is subjected to a pressing step for pulverization of the laminated glass, or in the second step, the intermediate film is subjected to a reduction in adhesive strength, The method for separating laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein a temperature higher than that at the time of adhesion due to an anchor effect in the laminated glass forming step or immersion in water is used. In an apparatus for separating the crushed laminated glass into glass and an interlayer film, a fixed base portion, a frame portion mounted on the base portion so as to vibrate, vibration means for vibrating the frame portion in a substantially horizontal direction, A lower glass plate peeling screen placed in the frame so as to vibrate integrally with the frame by a vibrating means, and a swingable freezer placed on the lower glass plate peeling screen through the laminated glass to be separated. An apparatus for separating laminated glass, comprising an upper glass plate peeling screen.

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