JP4184911B2 - Leveling machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a leveling work machine, and more particularly, to a leveling work machine with less wasteful soil during leveling work in a field.

Recently, as a measure to stabilize agricultural management, the scale of farming has been expanded, that is, the field section has been expanded. This expansion of the field scale improves the work efficiency by combining several fields into one. It is intended to be illustrated.
In such a large field, particularly in paddy fields, where much labor is spent on leveling the field surface, the cultivated field is crushed, leveled, and crushed. At this time, it is well known that a leveling machine is used to level the field surface.
This flat work machine is either a towing type or a direct mounting type. It is equipped with plate members called graders along the working width direction. The lower edge of the flat plate is touched to the surface of the field, and the surface is excavated to move the soil and gravel. is there.
Recently, by lowering the flat plate at the projecting part of the field, cutting the projecting part and moving the shaved soil (cutting), moving the soil to the concave part (filling), As a whole, the field surface is leveled.

This work has been carried out depending on the intuition cultivated over many years, and there have been many problems, but in recent years, the leveling plate has been moved up and down along the reference plane drawn by this optical signal using laser light. What has been developed has been put into practical use.
This is because the laser emitter is set up at a suitable location outside the field, and the emitter is rotated while rotating, and the reference horizontal plane is drawn by the laser beam, while the leveling machine receives the optical signal of the laser emitter. Equipped with a receiver to receive light, and this receiver is always located in the reference plane in the previous period, while controlling the height, in other words, the height of the flat plate, while recognizing the working height of the leveling machine It is what you do.
Thereby, the field surface can be finished in a plane parallel to the reference plane, a so-called horizontal plane. The field thus obtained is extremely effective for a direct sowing field where no scraping work is performed, and is extremely useful for Japanese agriculture in promoting large-scale farming.
JP 2000-139103 A (Pages 6 to 7, FIGS. 7 and 12)

However, in the leveling machine as described above, when the leveling plate cuts the field surface, it is necessary to cut a little deeper, and therefore, the amount of soil is increased and the soil in the field tends to move more than necessary. There is. This is because the cut soil rises along the surface of the leveling plate to the upper end of the leveling plate as it moves, but it remains trapped by the leveling plate until it rises. The soil gradually increases until it becomes overflowed or until the flat plate is raised slightly.
Therefore, the amount of soil to be carried is not a very small amount, and a certain amount of soil is targeted for carrying, and the expression surface cannot be finished precisely.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a leveling machine capable of performing precise leveling work by preventing excessive soil transfer by a leveling plate.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is used by being attached to a tractor, and a plurality of tines, and a plurality of crushed soil pressures provided at regular intervals in the work width direction behind the plurality of tines in the work progress direction. In a leveling work machine comprising a wheel and a plurality of leveling plates arranged between the plurality of tines and a plurality of crushed soil pressure reducing wheels, the working width direction is attached to the tractor via a towing rod, a work machine frame and an arm. The flat plate support frame is disposed so as to extend to the flat plate support frame, and the flat plates are disposed along the flat plate support frame with a space between each other. A plurality of flat plate supports formed of an elastic member, comprising a spiral curve portion formed in an arc around a flat plate support frame and a straight portion extending linearly from the lower end of the spiral curve portion. And the flat plate is attached to the lower ends of each of the plurality of flat plate support arms, and the plurality of flat plate support arms are each formed with a connecting portion at the lower end of the linear portion. The connecting portions are connected to each other by connecting members that are long in the working width direction.

The plurality of crushed soil pressure wheels are provided on each of the two front and rear axles provided on the work machine frame, and the crushed soil pressure wheel attached to the front axle and the crushed soil pressure wheel attached to the rear axle are the same. It is good also as a structure which is not on the locus | trajectory but is located in an intermediate position mutually.

As is clear from the above description , a plurality of tines used by being mounted on a tractor, and a plurality of crushed soil pressure wheels provided at regular intervals in the work width direction behind the plurality of tines in the work traveling direction. In a leveling work machine having a plurality of leveling plates arranged between the plurality of tines and a plurality of crushed soil pressure reducing wheels, the leveling work machine is attached to the tractor via a tow rod, work machine frame and arm and extends in the work width direction. A flat plate support frame is disposed, and the plurality of flat plates are arranged along the flat plate support frame so as to be spaced apart from each other. The flat plate support frame includes the flat plate support frame. A plurality of flat plate support arms formed of an elastic member, comprising a spiral curve portion formed by drawing an arc around the support frame, and a straight portion extending linearly from the lower end of the spiral curve portion. Are fixed to each lower end of each of the plurality of flat plate support arms, and each of the plurality of flat plate support arms has a connecting portion formed at the lower end of each linear portion, The connecting portions are connected to each other by connecting members that are long in the working width direction, so that even if overcutting is performed, a plurality of flat plates escape backward from each other's space. And prevent excessive soiling.

Further, the plurality of crushed soil pressure wheels are provided on each of the two front and rear axles provided on the work machine frame, and the crushed soil pressure wheel attached to the front axle and the crushed soil pressure wheel attached to the rear axle are The structure is not located on the same trajectory but is positioned at an intermediate position to improve the soil breaking performance.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIGS. 1 and 3 in these drawings, the symbol T indicates a tractor, and a leveling work machine 100 having a traction rod is attached to the draw bar Dw provided in the tractor T by the traction type.

The leveling work machine 100 towed through the tow bar 11 has a work machine frame 10 having an upper shape in plan view, and the tow bar 11 is equipped at the most distal portion of the work machine frame 10. Two tine support frames 12 are arranged and attached in parallel to the work machine frame 10 along the working width direction, and a flat plate support frame 13 is arranged in parallel to the tine support frame 12 behind the tine support frame 12. Installed.
Further, a crushed soil pressure wheel support frame 14 is disposed in parallel to the rearward position of the flat plate support frame 13, and a moving wheel support frame 15 for supporting the moving traveling wheel is further provided in the rear position.
The moving wheel support frame 15 is pivotally attached to an extension frame 10A provided so as to extend rearward of the work machine frame 10 by a pivot 10X so that it can move in a rotational direction in a plane along the vertical direction.

  A moving wheel 16 is attached to the moving wheel support frame 15 in the left-right direction of the working width. One end 15X of the moving wheel support frame 15 is provided by the telescopic cylinder 15A, and the other end 15Y is the work machine frame. 10, the movable wheel 16 can be grounded by the extension of the telescopic cylinder 15A, and the movable wheel 16 is lifted by the expansion and contraction of the telescopic cylinder 15A to be in a working posture as a working machine. It can be done.

  The crushed soil pressure wheel support frame 14 is attached to the work machine frame 10, and at least two shaft support arms 141 extending below the crushed soil pressure wheel support frame 14 are disposed along the work width direction. ing. The lower end portion of the shaft support arm 141 supports the axle 143 of the crushed pressure reducing wheel 142 via a bearing, and the crushed pressure reducing wheel 142 is attached to each axle 143 at a constant interval along the working width direction. .

The crushed soil pressure wheel 142 attached to the front axle and the rear axle attached to the rear axle are not on the same trajectory in terms of work passing, but are positioned at an intermediate position. These crushed soil pressure reducing wheels 142 are made of heavy materials such as castings, and the outer shape thereof is shown as a circle in the drawing. However, irregularities may be formed at appropriate intervals in order to improve the crushed soil performance. .
Further, when the leveling plate 136 is moved up and down, these ground breaking pressure wheels 142 also serve as a fulcrum to make the leveling plate 136 move up and down smoothly, accurately and easily.

A tine 22 called a spring tine is attached to the tine support frames 12 and 12 via springs 23 at regular intervals along the working width direction. The rear tine 22 is located in the middle of the tines 22 and 22 at the front position.
The spring 23 is formed of a material having high elasticity such as a steel strip, and is formed by rounding the tine support frame 12 so as to form a large circle from the lower side and making a round. Torsion is applied at the position so that the width of the spring member faces the side surface. This flat portion is a mounting portion 23A of the flat tine 22 (FIG. 6).

  The upper end portion 22U of the tine 22 is attached to the attachment portion 23A formed at the lower end portion of the spring 23, and the lower end portion 22T functions as a so-called tine for plowing and crushing the field. Can be done.

  The work machine frame 10 is provided with a flat plate support frame 13 arranged and attached along the work width direction at two positions behind the tine 22. The flat plate support frame 13 is attached to the work machine frame 10. The support plate 132 is suspended from the support member 131 attached to the lower side and is supported at least in two directions in the left-right direction. The flat plate support frame 13 is constituted by a square member so that no rotational movement occurs between the flat plate support frame 13 and the support plate 132. In other words, the rectangular flat plate support frame 13 is inserted into the rectangular through hole formed in the support plate 132.

Further, an arm 134 is attached to the flat plate support frame 13, and the flat plate support frame 13 can also be rotated integrally by rotating the arm 134.
The flat plate support frame 13 is provided with flat plate support arms 135 at regular intervals, and the flat plate support arm 135 is made of a material having excellent elasticity. A spiral curve portion 135B is formed that is addressed to the lower side of the flat plate support frame 13 and substantially makes a round thereof, and its lower end portion extends linearly from the spiral curve portion 135B to become a straight portion 135C. Further, a flat plate support portion 135X is formed near the lower end of the straight portion 135C.

The flat plate support portion 135X is formed with a tunnel-type insertion space 135K for inserting a connecting member, which will be described later, and is provided with a connecting portion 135G. A flat plate 136 is attached with bolts at the vertical position across the insertion space 135K.
A connecting member 138 that is long in the working width direction is inserted into the connecting portion 135G to prevent the flat plate 136 from independently changing the leveling posture.
The flat plate 136 has a flat mounting portion 136A attached to the flat plate support portion 135X, and its lower end portion is bent slightly with respect to the mounting portion 136A in a side view to form a flat portion 136X. ing.
The elasticity of the flat plate support arm 135 is determined in consideration of the work environment and work load.

A plurality of the flat plates 136 are arranged in the working width direction, and there is a space with the adjacent flat plate 136, and the space K has substantially the same width as the flat plate 136. This width is determined in consideration of the field environment to be worked, and the space (width or width) of the space K is taken into account in the field to be worked in consideration of soil quality such as soil hardness and weight. (Narrowness) is decided. This space K makes it possible to escape excess soil in the leveling operation, which will be described later, from this space K to the rear.
The mounting portion 135A is attached to the flat plate support frame 13 with a mounting plate 137 that can be in close contact with the upper surface thereof, and a slit-type through hole 137A formed in the mounting plate 137. The attachment portion 135A is inserted, and the attachment portion 135A is brought into close contact with the lower surface of the flat plate support frame 13, and the both are integrally attached by bolts.

Furthermore, the work machine frame 10 has a telescopic cylinder 30 for controlling the posture of the flat plate 136. The arm 31 provided on the flat plate support frame 13 is provided with a rod 31 of the telescopic cylinder 30. End portions 32 on the cylinder side are pivotally attached to the work machine frame 10.
The expansion / contraction of the expansion / contraction cylinder 30 is driven by the output of a hydraulic control circuit 300 described later. The expansion / contraction of the expansion / contraction cylinder 30 changes the posture of the flat plate 136 relative to the field, in other words, the posture of the flat portion 136X. Select and control the drilling depth for the soil.

  The hydraulic control circuit 300 will be described together with the operation. A laser beam receiving unit 301 is attached to the work machine frame 10 in the vicinity of a position directly above the flat plate 136 via a column 302. The light receiving unit 301 is mounted on a column 303 standing outside the field. The light emission signal from the laser light emitting unit 304 can be received as a horizontal signal H.

  A signal received by the light receiving unit 301 is input to the control unit 305, and an output obtained as a result of processing is able to expand and contract the expansion cylinder 30 of the hydraulic circuit. The output of the control unit 305 is input to the switching valve driver 306 to determine the direction in which the switching valve is driven. In other words, the output of the control unit 305 is used for position selection by the switching valve 307 of the hydraulic circuit, and one of the three ports is selected.

  When the light receiving unit 301 receives the horizontal signal H below the center, the leveling plate 136 of the work implement is present at a position higher than the reference plane drawn by the laser beam. In other words, since the flat plate 136 is in a shallow place in the field, it is necessary to lower it to a low position. For this purpose, in order to contract the expansion / contraction cylinder 30, a signal from the control unit 305 is output to the driver 306 so as to select the contraction position 307 </ b> S, and the flow of pressure oil in the hydraulic circuit is transferred to the left chamber of the expansion / contraction cylinder 30. Supply pressure oil. At this time, the pressure oil in the right chamber of the telescopic cylinder 30 is returned to the oil tank Tk.

  The switching valve 307 has a contraction position 307S for contracting the expansion / contraction cylinder 30, a block position 307B for blocking the flow of pressure oil, and an expansion position 307T for expanding the expansion / contraction cylinder 30. Each port has an oil pump P. The return pressure oil is connected to the return line 307R and is returned to the oil tank Tk.

Further, when the position where the light receiving unit 301 receives the horizontal signal H is above the center, it means that the flat plate 136 group of the work implement 100 is at a shallow position with respect to the field, and the flat plate 136 is deep. In order to control this, the signal from the control unit 305 causes the driver 306 to select the contraction position 307S of the switching valve 307.
As a result, the pressure oil in the hydraulic circuit is supplied to the right chamber for contracting the telescopic cylinder 30, and the rod pulls the arm 134 and rotates it.
1 and 2, the leveling plate 136 is lowered to a deep position by rotating the leveling plate support frame 13 clockwise in the drawing. As a result, the flat portion 136X of the flat plate 136 is deeply pierced into the field, the excavation plate excavates a lot of field soil, the flat plate 136 excavates a lot of the soil in the field, and further carries the soil. It has become.

The group of flat plates 136 of the working machine 100 according to the present invention is not continuous in the working width direction, but the independent flat plates 136 are arranged with a space K having an appropriate interval, and the flat plate support is provided. The arm 135 is made of a metal material rich in elasticity, and the flat plate support arm 135 is formed by drawing an arc centered on the flat plate support frame 13, and is also elastic in shape. When the amount of cut and excavated dredged soil is large, the resistance of the gravel soil increases, and when it reaches the level that cannot resist this resistance, the flat plate support arm 135 is bent due to elasticity and temporarily rises. In other words, only the flat plate 136 having a large resistance in the flat plate group rises and the work advances while leaving the gravel behind.
If the amount of soil carried by the leveling plate 136 increases, the leveling plate support arm 135 bends to reduce the resistance to the rear of the debris and decreases the resistance. Can be reduced.

  Furthermore, if the light receiving unit 301 of the work implement exists in the horizontal signal plane drawn by the laser light and is within the allowable range, the height of the flat plate 136 group is not controlled, but the light receiving position of the light receiving unit 301 is in the vertical direction. The working depth of the flat plate group to the field is detected, and the working depth is always parallel to the horizontal signal plane and at a set height (interval). It is possible to make the field environment uniform by keeping the cutting depth accompanying the working machine constant.

It is a side view of a leveling work machine and a tractor to which the present invention is applied. 1 is a side view of a leveling machine according to the present invention. It is a top view of the leveling work machine and tractor which gave the present invention. It is a top view of the leveling work machine which gave this invention. It is a top view of the tine part of this invention leveling machine. It is a side view of the tine part of the leveling machine of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a plan view of a part of the flat plate group of the leveling machine of the present invention. It is the side view of some flat plate groups of the leveling machine of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view of the flat plate group of the leveling machine of the present invention. It is explanatory side view which shows the up-and-down drive system of the flat plate group of this invention leveling machine. It is explanatory drawing of the hydraulic circuit of the vertical drive system of the flat plate group of this invention leveling machine.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Work implement frame 10A Extension frame 10X Pivot 11 Traction rod 12 Tine support frame 13 Flat plate support frame 131 Support member 132 Support plate 134 Arm 135 Flat plate support arm 135K Insertion space 135B Curved part 135C Straight part 135A Mounting part 135X Flat plate support Part 136A Mounting part 136 Flat plate 137 Mounting plate 136X Flat part 137A Through hole 138 Connecting member K Space 14 Crushed soil pressure wheel support frame 141 Shaft support arm 142 Crushed soil pressure wheel 143 Axle 15 Moving wheel support frame 15A Extending cylinder 15Y One end portion 15X Other end portion 16 Moving wheel 22 Tine 23 Spring 23A Mounting portion 30 Telescopic cylinder 300 Hydraulic control circuit 301 Light receiving portion 302 Strut 303 Strut 304 Light emitting portion 305 Control portion 306 Dora Bas 307 switching valve 307S contraction position 307B block position 307T stretched position 307R return pipe P oil pump Tk oil tank

Claims (2)

A plurality of tines, a plurality of tines, a plurality of crushed pressure reducing wheels provided at regular intervals in the work width direction behind the plurality of tines and used in a work progress direction, and the plurality of tines and a plurality of crushed soils. In a leveling machine equipped with a plurality of leveling plates arranged between the pressure-reducing wheels,
A flat plate support frame is attached to the tractor via a traction rod, a work machine frame, and an arm so as to extend in the working width direction. Along the flat plate support frame, the plurality of flat plates are spaced from each other. Is arranged,
The flat plate support frame includes a spiral curve portion formed by drawing an arc around the flat plate support frame, and a linear portion extending linearly from the lower end of the spiral curve portion, and is formed from an elastic member. A plurality of leveled flat plate support arms are fixed, and the leveled plate is attached to each lower end of the plurality of leveled flat plate support arms,
Each of the plurality of flat plate support arms has a connecting portion formed at the lower end of the linear portion, and the connecting portions are connected to each other by a connecting member that is long in the working width direction. .   The plurality of crushed soil pressure wheels are provided on each of the two front and rear axles provided on the work machine frame, and the crushed soil pressure wheel attached to the front axle and the crushed soil pressure wheel attached to the rear axle are the same. The leveling work machine according to claim 1, wherein the leveling work machines are not located on the trajectory of each other but are located at intermediate positions.

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