JP4185302B2 - Method for controlling energization of latent heat storage device - Google Patents
Method for controlling energization of latent heat storage device Download PDFInfo
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- JP4185302B2 JP4185302B2 JP2002095658A JP2002095658A JP4185302B2 JP 4185302 B2 JP4185302 B2 JP 4185302B2 JP 2002095658 A JP2002095658 A JP 2002095658A JP 2002095658 A JP2002095658 A JP 2002095658A JP 4185302 B2 JP4185302 B2 JP 4185302B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、潜熱蓄熱材を用いる蓄熱式暖房システムに関し、特に蓄熱時における通電を制御する方法、およびその方法を用いて通電制御する蓄熱式床暖房装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
液相と固相の相変化に伴う潜熱を利用して蓄熱を行う潜熱蓄熱材を用いた蓄熱式床暖房システムが知られている。このシステムの加熱手段としては温水式と電気式があり、電気式の場合、床材の下に蓄熱材と電気ヒーターが配置され、電気料金の安い深夜電力を利用して電気ヒーターに通電して蓄熱材に蓄熱を行い、昼間に蓄熱材から放熱させ、その熱を暖房に利用する。
【０００３】
従来の電気式の蓄熱式床暖房システムにおいては、深夜電力時間帯の開始時刻に電気ヒーターに通電を開始し、終了時刻に通電を終了する。この通電時間中は蓄熱材の過昇温を防止するために加熱時到達最高温度を設定してＯＮ／ＯＦＦ制御を行っている。これによって蓄熱材への蓄熱が行われる。
【０００４】
しかるに、蓄熱材温度が加熱時到達最高温度まで上昇した後の放熱を開始するまでの間は、ＯＮ／ＯＦＦ動作が繰り返されて蓄熱材の温度が一定に保たれており、その間の電力は暖房に用いられることなく無駄に消費されるので、より消費電力が少ない、ＯＮ／ＯＦＦ制御に代わる蓄熱時の通電制御方法が求められていた。
【０００５】
ＯＮ／ＯＦＦ制御に代わる消費電力が少ない通電制御方法が、特開平６−７４６７４号公報に開示されている。すなわち、翌日の予測天候、予測最低温度および蓄熱材の残りの熱量から次回の加熱時間を演算して制御する蓄熱暖房システムが開示されている。しかし、このシステムは液相と固相の相変化に伴う潜熱を利用することのない顕熱蓄熱材における通電制御方法であるため、加熱時間と蓄熱材温度が直線関係ではないうえに融解曲線と凝固曲線とが一致しない（ヒステリシスが存在する）潜熱蓄熱材に対応できるものではなかった。
【０００６】
また特開平８−４２８６６号公報には、蓄熱材温度および室温を測定し、通電時間の予測式によって通電時間を算出することによる蓄熱式暖房システムの蓄熱時の通電制御方法が開示されている。しかしながら、予測式は係数を有しており、係数を決定するためには、施工により蓄熱装置を設置した後使用開始前に通電試験が必要であった。複数回の通電試験を行って温度データを取得し、その温度データを用いて予測式の係数を重回帰により算出しておく必要があった。
【０００７】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、潜熱蓄熱材を用いた蓄熱式床暖房システムにおいて、施工後使用開始前の通電試験による温度データ取得を必要とせず、消費電力が少ない蓄熱時の通電制御方法およびその方法を用いて通電制御を行う蓄熱式床暖房装置を提供することにある。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、潜熱蓄熱材を用いた蓄熱式暖房システムの蓄熱時の通電制御方法について鋭意研究し、深夜電力時間帯開始直前から所定の時間間隔で蓄熱材温度を測定し、その値と設定された加熱時到達最高温度とから、潜熱蓄熱材の凝固時の熱量−温度曲線を近似した線を表わす特性式とを用いて、蓄熱材を加熱する電気ヒーターの通電所要時間を算出し、該電気ヒーターへの通電開始時刻を調節することにより、施工後使用開始前の通電試験による温度データ取得を必要とせず、しかも消費電力を少なくなる通電制御ができることを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。
【０００９】
すなわち本発明は、過冷却の存在する潜熱蓄熱材を用いた蓄熱装置において、深夜電力時間帯開始直前から所定時間間隔で測定した蓄熱材温度と設定された加熱時到達最高温度とから、潜熱蓄熱材の凝固時の熱量−温度曲線に近似し、温度の低下と共に熱量が単調に減少する曲線および／または直線を表す特性式を用いて、蓄熱材を加熱する電気ヒーターの通電所要時間を算出し、該電気ヒーターへの通電開始時刻を調節する蓄熱装置の蓄熱時における通電制御方法を提供する。また本発明は、前記記載の通電制御方法を用いて通電制御を行う蓄熱式床暖房装置を提供する。
【００１０】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明について詳しく説明する。
本発明の通電制御方法は、潜熱蓄熱材の熱量−温度曲線に基づきながらも、その熱量−温度曲線を制御に適した線で近似し、その線を表わす特性式を用いて通電時間の算出を行うことに特徴がある。本発明の制御方法を潜熱蓄熱材の熱量−温度曲線を用いて説明する。融点以下の温度Ｔ１(固化状態)から融点以上の温度Ｔ２（融解状態）まで加熱し（融解過程）、再びＴ２からＴ１に冷却する（凝固過程）間に出入りする熱量の温度による変化を示す曲線を熱量−温度曲線と称する。熱量−温度曲線のうち融解過程に対応する部分を融解曲線、凝固過程に対応する部分を凝固曲線と称する。
【００１１】
本発明の実施例において用いられている潜熱蓄熱材の熱量−温度曲線を図１に示す。図中のＡ−Ｂ−Ｃを結ぶ曲線が融解曲線であり、Ｃ−Ｄ−Ｅ−Ｆ−Ｇ−Ａを結ぶ曲線が凝固曲線である。潜熱蓄熱材においては一般に融解曲線と凝固曲線は一致せず、ヒステリシスを示す。更に凝固曲線では、図１のＤ−Ｅ−Ｆの如く、融解状態のまま凝固点Ｆよりも低温を経過したのちに、凝固が開始されて再び昇温して凝固点Ｆに到るのが一般的であり、この現象を過冷却と称している。この過冷却が存在するために、凝固曲線においては蓄熱材の温度と熱量が１対１の対応をしない領域があることになる。即ち、Ｄ−Ｅ−Ｆを含む温度域では同一温度に対応する熱量が２または３点存在する。このことは蓄熱材温度を測定しただけでは熱量を算出できないことを意味しており、顕熱型蓄熱材とは異なる困難さがあり、障壁となっていた。
【００１２】
本発明の方法においては熱量−温度曲線の凝固曲線を温度の関数となるように近似した線を表す特性式を用いる。凝固曲線はＣ−Ｄ−Ｅ領域は通常は直線になり（融液領域）、Ｅ−Ｆ−Ａは曲線となる（固液共存領域）。この２領域に区分して近似曲線を求める。実際にはＤ−Ｅ−Ｆ領域で電気ヒーターへの通電を開始することはないので、本発明においてはＤ−Ｅ−Ｆ領域を直線Ｄ−Ｆで近似するのである。すると、Ｃ−ＤとＤ−Ｆ−Ｇ−Ａの２領域に区分することができる。直線Ｃ−Ｄと曲線Ｄ−Ｆ−Ｇ−Ａは温度の減少と共に熱量が単調に減少する関係にある。これによってＣ−Ｄ−Ｆ−Ｇ−Ａの全領域にわたって熱量と温度が１対１に対応することになるので、制御することが容易となる。ここでＤ点はＦ点における接線とＣ−Ｅとの交点である。曲線Ｄ−Ｆ−Ｇ−Ａは単一の曲線で近似してもよいし、細分化して複数の曲線の結合で近似してもよい。なお、図１ではＤ−Ｆを１次、Ｆ−Ｇを３次、Ｇ−Ａを１次曲線で近似してある。
【００１３】
本発明の方法は、トリガー作動がある場合においても、トリガー作動がない場合においても用いることができる。トリガー作動とは、過冷却の状態となった潜熱蓄熱材の凝固を開始させて液相と固相の相変化に伴う潜熱の放熱を開始させることである。トリガー作動は通常は過冷却の状態となった潜熱蓄熱材をその潜熱蓄熱材の種結晶と接触させて行う。トリガー作動がある場合は、トリガー作動の時点で凝固が始まり、それ以降は前記凝固曲線の経過をたどって冷却される。従って特性式としては直線Ｃ−Ｄと曲線Ｄ−Ｆ−Ｇ−Ａとを用いる。トリガー作動がない場合は、潜熱蓄熱材は凝固を経ずに融解状態のまま冷却されるので、特性式としては直線Ｃ−Ｄを表わす式を用いる。
【００１４】
さらに、本発明の方法は、過冷却を殆ど生じない潜熱蓄熱材を用いた蓄熱装置にも用いることができる。すなわち、過冷却を殆ど生じない潜熱蓄熱材においては、加熱蓄熱したのちに通電を停止すると、蓄熱材温度は自然放熱により低下し、図１において凝固時には温度Ｃ−Ｄ−Ｅ−Ｆ−Ｇ−Ａの経過をたどる。この場合の特性式としては直線Ｃ−Ｄと曲線Ｄ−Ｆ−Ｇ−Ａとを用いればよい。
【００１５】
本発明の方法においては電気ヒーターを用いて深夜電力により蓄熱を行う。従って通電時間は深夜電力時間帯の開始時刻から終了時刻の間のある時間であり、本発明の方法により調節した通電開始時刻から深夜電力時間帯の終了時刻まで通電する。本発明においては深夜電力時間帯開始直前から所定の時間間隔で蓄熱材温度を測定し、その蓄熱材温度と加熱時到達最高温度とから上記特性式とを用いて電気ヒーターの通電所要時間を算出し、該電気ヒーターへの通電開始時刻を調節する。通常は、電気ヒーターの通電所要時間該が深夜電力時間帯の残りの時間より長くなったときに通電を開始する。従って、所定時間間隔で測定された蓄熱材温度が高い場合は、それから必要な蓄熱量が少ないので、電気ヒーターの通電所要時間が短く算出され、その結果、通電開始時刻が遅くなり、ＯＮ／ＯＦＦ制御に比較して、電力消費量を低減させることができる。
【００１６】
本発明の方法においては加熱時到達最高温度は設定可能な範囲で任意に設定される。これは蓄熱材の劣化・破損を防止し、かつ住環境の快適性を向上させる目的で施工者または蓄熱装置の使用者により設定される。
【００１７】
本発明の方法を用いることにより、蓄熱装置の施工前に、該潜熱蓄熱装置で用いる蓄熱材の熱量−温度曲線を作成し、それに近似した線を表す特性式を作成しておけば、施工後使用開始前の通電試験による温度データ取得を必要とせず、施工後直ちに蓄熱装置を使用可能とすることができる。
【００１８】
本発明の蓄熱式床暖房装置は次のようにして製造することができる。
潜熱蓄熱材としては、硫酸ナトリウム１０水塩、リン酸水素二ナトリウム１２水塩、酢酸ナトリウム３水塩、塩化カルシウム６水塩、硝酸カルシウム４水塩などを用いる。蓄熱材に、固液分離防止剤、融点調整剤、分散剤、消泡剤、腐食防止剤、着色剤などを添加することができる。蓄熱材を透湿性のない容器に充填し、蓄熱材の入った容器に蓄熱材を加熱することができる電気ヒーターと、蓄熱材の温度を測定する温度計を取り付ける。これらに電気ヒーターへの通電開始時間を調節することができる制御装置を取り付けることにより、本発明の蓄熱式床暖房装置を製造することができる。該制御装置はマイクロコンピュータを有する制御装置とし、電気ヒーターと温度計とを接続し、加熱時到達最高温度と特性式と制御用プログラムを格納する格納器を有したものとすることにより、設定された加熱時到達最高温度と温度計からの温度データと特性式とから制御用プログラムにより通電所要時間を算出し、電気ヒーターへの通電開始時間を調節することができるものとすることができる。
【００１９】
【実施例】
以下実施例により本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【００２０】
実施例１
熱量−温度曲線
酢酸ナトリウム３水塩からなる蓄熱材９０ｇを１００×１００×１０ｍｍのポリプロピレン容器に充填し、２枚の熱量計ではさみ、蓄熱材に熱電対を挿入し、側面を断熱材で囲み、恒温器に設置して３６℃から５８℃まで３℃／時間で昇温して融解熱量と蓄熱材温度を測定し、再び３５℃まで３℃／時間で降温して凝固熱量と蓄熱材温度を測定した。測定データを図１にプロットした。
【００２１】
特性式
図１の凝固過程のデータのプロットに対して以下の近似式を作成し、図１に実線で示した。
Ｃ−Ｄ 領域：ｙ＝３．０４４７ｘ＋４４．００
Ｄ−Ｆ 領域：ｙ＝７３．７２９ｘ−３５２１．２６
Ｆ−Ｇ 領域：ｙ＝０．１３９９８ｘ3−１７．７１９ｘ2
＋７５４．６４ｘ−１０７７２．９６
Ｇ−Ａ 領域：ｙ＝５．４９１０ｘ−１９７．０９
ここにｙ：熱量（ｊｏｕｌｅ／ｇ），ｘ：温度（℃）
【００２２】
試験体
プラスチック容器（８００×２５０×３０ｍｍ）１枚当りに蓄熱材（前記と同じ蓄熱材で過冷却防止剤を添加しない組成のもの）５ｋｇを充填したあと融点以下の温度まで冷却し、酢酸ナトリウム３水塩の種結晶を少量投入して全体を固化させた。容器形状は図２に示すようにＡ、Ｂ部分が突設された形状をしており、ＢとＣの下面に別々のヒーターを貼付した。厚さ５０ｍｍの発泡ポリスチレンの上に上記試験体を２枚設置し、側面を幅５０ｍｍ、厚さ５０ｍｍの発泡ポリスチレンで囲み、上面に厚２４ｍｍの合板を設置した。ヒーター、容器、合板の上に熱電対を貼付して温度記録計に接続した。コントローラーに前記の特性式を入力し、ヒーターを接続した。
【００２３】
放熱制御
Ｂ、Ｃ部分のヒーターに手動により２３時に通電開始して７時まで保持した。これによってＢ、Ｃ部分は融解し（６５〜７０℃）、Ａ部分は融解せず結晶のまま残った。７時にＣ部分ヒーターの通電を停止するとＣ部分の温度は低下したが、Ｂ部分は加熱されたままであった。１６時にＢ部分ヒーターの通電を停止する（トリガー作動）とＢ部分の温度が低下し、４０℃以下になるとＡ部分の内部にある蓄熱材の結晶を種結晶としてＢ部分の過冷却状態の蓄熱材が凝固（結晶化）してＢ部分が発熱し、続いてＢ部分の中の結晶を種結晶としてＣ部分の中の蓄熱材が凝固し、Ｃ部分（３３℃まで低下）が発熱した。Ｃ部分の温度は４３〜４８℃であった。これ以降はコントローラーの自動制御運転に切替えた。２３時にはＢ部分の温度は３７．７℃であり、自動制御による通電開始は０時３５分であった。２３時より１時間３５分遅延されていた。
【００２４】
実施例２
実施例１の試験体を蓄熱体として用いた。実施例１と同じコントローラーを用い、その自動運転により深夜電力時間帯に加熱され、７時にＣ部分のヒーターが通電停止された。Ｂ部分は加熱したままで、次の深夜電力時間帯に至った。（トリガー作動されなかった。）Ｃ部分の温度は１７時に３７．０℃、２３時に３２．５℃に低下した。自動制御による通電開始は４時３０分であり、２３時より５時間３０分遅延されていた。
【００２５】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、潜熱蓄熱材を用いた蓄熱装置において、ＯＮ／ＯＦＦ制御より消費電力が少なく、かつ施工後の実測を必要とすることなく、蓄熱時の通電開始時刻の制御を行うことができるので、工業的に有用である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】蓄熱材の熱量−温度曲線を示す。○印は測定点を示す。実線は各領域の近似曲線を示す。
【図２】試験体容器の形状を示す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a heat storage type heating system using a latent heat storage material, and more particularly to a method for controlling energization during heat storage, and a heat storage type floor heating apparatus for controlling energization using the method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art A regenerative floor heating system using a latent heat storage material that stores heat using latent heat associated with a phase change between a liquid phase and a solid phase is known. There are two types of heating means for this system: hot water type and electric type. In the case of electric type, a heat storage material and electric heater are placed under the flooring, and the electric heater is energized by using midnight power with low electricity charges. Heat is stored in the heat storage material, dissipated from the heat storage material in the daytime, and the heat is used for heating.
[0003]
In the conventional electric heat storage type floor heating system, energization of the electric heater is started at the start time of the midnight power time zone, and energization is ended at the end time. During this energization time, in order to prevent overheating of the heat storage material, the maximum temperature reached during heating is set and ON / OFF control is performed. Thereby, heat storage to the heat storage material is performed.
[0004]
However, the ON / OFF operation is repeated until the heat storage material temperature rises to the highest temperature reached at the time of heating, and the temperature of the heat storage material is kept constant. Therefore, there is a need for an energization control method during heat storage that replaces the ON / OFF control with less power consumption.
[0005]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-74674 discloses an energization control method that consumes less power instead of ON / OFF control. That is, a heat storage heating system that calculates and controls the next heating time from the predicted weather of the next day, the predicted minimum temperature, and the remaining heat amount of the heat storage material is disclosed. However, this system is an energization control method for the sensible heat storage material that does not use the latent heat associated with the phase change between the liquid phase and the solid phase, so the heating time and the storage material temperature are not linearly related and the melting curve and It could not cope with a latent heat storage material whose solidification curve does not match (has hysteresis).
[0006]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-42866 discloses an energization control method at the time of heat storage of a regenerative heating system by measuring the heat storage material temperature and room temperature and calculating the energization time by a prediction formula of the energization time. However, the prediction formula has a coefficient, and in order to determine the coefficient, an energization test was required after the heat storage device was installed by construction and before the start of use. It was necessary to obtain temperature data by conducting a plurality of energization tests and calculate the coefficient of the prediction formula by multiple regression using the temperature data.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide an energization control method at the time of heat storage and a method thereof that does not require temperature data acquisition by an energization test before start of use after construction in a heat storage type floor heating system using a latent heat storage material. An object of the present invention is to provide a regenerative floor heating apparatus that uses the energization control.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention have earnestly studied the energization control method at the time of heat storage of the heat storage type heating system using the latent heat storage material, measured the heat storage material temperature at a predetermined time interval immediately before the start of the midnight power time period, and the value and From the set maximum temperature at the time of heating, using a characteristic equation that represents a line that approximates the heat amount-temperature curve at the time of solidification of the latent heat storage material, calculate the required energization time of the electric heater that heats the heat storage material, By adjusting the energization start time to the electric heater, it is found that it is possible to perform energization control that reduces power consumption without requiring temperature data acquisition by an energization test after construction and before starting use, and to complete the present invention. It came.
[0009]
That is, the present invention relates to a heat storage device using a latent heat storage material in which overcooling exists, from the heat storage material temperature measured at a predetermined time interval immediately before the start of the midnight power time zone and the set maximum temperature during heating, to store latent heat storage. Approximate the heat-temperature curve at the time of solidification of the material, and calculate the required energization time of the electric heater that heats the heat storage material using a characteristic equation that represents a curve and / or a straight line in which the heat amount decreases monotonically with decreasing temperature. An energization control method at the time of heat storage of the heat storage device that adjusts the energization start time to the electric heater is provided. Moreover, this invention provides the thermal storage type floor heating apparatus which performs electricity supply control using the above-mentioned electricity supply control method.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described in detail below.
While the energization control method of the present invention is based on the heat-temperature curve of the latent heat storage material, the heat-temperature curve is approximated by a line suitable for control, and the energization time is calculated using a characteristic equation representing the line. There is a feature in doing. The control method of this invention is demonstrated using the calorie | heat amount-temperature curve of a latent heat storage material. A curve showing the change in the amount of heat that enters and exits during heating (melting process) from temperature T1 (solidified state) below the melting point to temperature T2 (melting state) above the melting point (cooling process) and cooling again from T2 to T1 (solidification process). Is referred to as a calorific value-temperature curve. A portion corresponding to the melting process in the heat quantity-temperature curve is referred to as a melting curve, and a portion corresponding to the solidification process is referred to as a solidification curve.
[0011]
The heat quantity-temperature curve of the latent heat storage material used in the examples of the present invention is shown in FIG. In the figure, the curve connecting A-B-C is a melting curve, and the curve connecting C-D-E-F-G-A is a coagulation curve. In the latent heat storage material, generally, the melting curve and the solidification curve do not coincide with each other and show hysteresis. Further, in the solidification curve, as shown in D-E-F in FIG. 1, the solidification is generally started after the temperature lower than the freezing point F in the molten state, and then the temperature is raised again to reach the freezing point F. This phenomenon is called supercooling. Since this supercooling exists, there is a region where the temperature and heat quantity of the heat storage material do not have a one-to-one correspondence in the solidification curve. That is, there are two or three heat amounts corresponding to the same temperature in the temperature range including D-E-F. This means that the amount of heat cannot be calculated only by measuring the temperature of the heat storage material, which has a difficulty different from that of the sensible heat storage material, and has become a barrier.
[0012]
In the method of the present invention, a characteristic equation representing a line obtained by approximating the solidification curve of the heat quantity-temperature curve so as to be a function of temperature is used. In the solidification curve, the CDE region is usually a straight line (melt region), and EFA is a curve (solid-liquid coexistence region). An approximate curve is obtained by dividing into these two regions. Actually, energization to the electric heater is not started in the D-E-F region, so in the present invention, the D-E-F region is approximated by a straight line D-F. Then, it can be divided into two regions of CD and DFGA. The straight line CD and the curve DFGA have a relationship in which the amount of heat decreases monotonously as the temperature decreases. As a result, the amount of heat and the temperature are in a one-to-one correspondence over the entire region of C-D-F-G-A, which makes it easy to control. Here, the point D is an intersection of the tangent at the point F and CE. The curve DFGA may be approximated by a single curve, or may be subdivided and approximated by a combination of a plurality of curves. In FIG. 1, DF is approximated by a primary curve, FG is approximated by a cubic, and GA is approximated by a linear curve.
[0013]
The method of the present invention can be used with or without triggering. The trigger operation is to start solidification of the latent heat storage material that is in a supercooled state to start the release of latent heat accompanying the phase change between the liquid phase and the solid phase. The trigger operation is normally performed by bringing the latent heat storage material in a supercooled state into contact with the seed crystal of the latent heat storage material. When there is a trigger operation, coagulation starts at the time of the trigger operation, and thereafter, cooling is performed by following the course of the coagulation curve. Therefore, a straight line CD and a curve DFGA are used as characteristic equations. When there is no trigger operation, the latent heat storage material is cooled in a molten state without undergoing solidification, and therefore an equation representing a straight line CD is used as a characteristic equation.
[0014]
Furthermore, the method of the present invention can also be used for a heat storage device using a latent heat storage material that hardly causes supercooling. That is, in the latent heat storage material that hardly causes overcooling, when the energization is stopped after heat storage, the temperature of the heat storage material decreases due to natural heat dissipation, and in FIG. 1, the temperature C-D-E-F-G- Follow the course of A. As a characteristic formula in this case, a straight line CD and a curve DFGA may be used.
[0015]
In the method of the present invention, heat storage is performed by midnight power using an electric heater. Therefore, the energization time is a certain time between the start time and the end time of the midnight power time zone, and energization is performed from the energization start time adjusted by the method of the present invention to the end time of the midnight power time zone. In the present invention, the temperature of the heat storage material is measured at a predetermined time interval immediately before the start of the midnight electric power time zone, and the energization time of the electric heater is calculated from the heat storage material temperature and the maximum temperature reached during heating using the above characteristic equation. And the energization start time to the electric heater is adjusted. Normally, energization is started when the time required for energization of the electric heater becomes longer than the remaining time of the midnight power time zone. Therefore, when the temperature of the heat storage material measured at a predetermined time interval is high, the required amount of heat storage is then small, so the time required for energization of the electric heater is calculated short, and as a result, the energization start time is delayed and ON / OFF Compared with control, power consumption can be reduced.
[0016]
In the method of the present invention, the maximum temperature reached during heating is arbitrarily set within a settable range. This is set by the installer or the user of the heat storage device for the purpose of preventing deterioration and breakage of the heat storage material and improving the comfort of the living environment.
[0017]
By using the method of the present invention, before construction of the heat storage device, create a heat quantity-temperature curve of the heat storage material used in the latent heat storage device, and create a characteristic equation representing a line approximated to it, after construction It is not necessary to acquire temperature data by an energization test before starting use, and the heat storage device can be used immediately after construction.
[0018]
The heat storage type floor heating device of the present invention can be manufactured as follows.
As the latent heat storage material, sodium sulfate 10 hydrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate 12 hydrate, sodium acetate trihydrate, calcium chloride hexahydrate, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and the like are used. A solid-liquid separation inhibitor, a melting point adjuster, a dispersant, an antifoaming agent, a corrosion inhibitor, a colorant, and the like can be added to the heat storage material. A heat storage material is filled in a container having no moisture permeability, and an electric heater capable of heating the heat storage material in a container containing the heat storage material and a thermometer for measuring the temperature of the heat storage material are attached. By attaching a control device capable of adjusting the start time of energization to the electric heater to these, the regenerative floor heating device of the present invention can be manufactured. The control device is a control device having a microcomputer, which is set by connecting an electric heater and a thermometer and having a storage unit for storing a maximum temperature reached during heating, a characteristic equation, and a control program. Further, the energization required time can be calculated by the control program from the maximum temperature reached during heating, the temperature data from the thermometer, and the characteristic formula, and the energization start time to the electric heater can be adjusted.
[0019]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0020]
Example 1
Heat-temperature curve 90g heat storage material consisting of sodium acetate trihydrate is filled into a 100 x 100 x 10mm polypropylene container, sandwiched by two calorimeters, a thermocouple is inserted into the heat storage material, and the sides are surrounded by heat insulation Installed in a thermostatic chamber, the temperature was increased from 36 ° C. to 58 ° C. at 3 ° C./hour, the heat of fusion and the temperature of the heat storage material were measured, and the temperature was again decreased to 35 ° C. at 3 ° C./hour to solidify the heat of heat and the temperature of the heat storage material. Was measured. The measured data is plotted in FIG.
[0021]
Characteristic Formula The following approximate formula was created with respect to the plot of the data of the solidification process of FIG. 1, and it showed as the continuous line in FIG.
CD region: y = 3.0447x + 44.00
DF region: y = 73.729x-3521.26
FG region: y = 0.13998x 3 -17.719x 2
+ 754.64x-10772.96
GA region: y = 5.4910x-197.09
Where y: calorie (joule / g), x: temperature (° C)
[0022]
After filling 5 kg of heat storage material (with the same heat storage material as above with no supercooling inhibitor added) per plastic container (800 × 250 × 30 mm), the sample is cooled to a temperature below the melting point and sodium acetate. A small amount of trihydrate seed crystal was added to solidify the whole. As shown in FIG. 2, the container has a shape in which A and B portions are protruded, and separate heaters are attached to the lower surfaces of B and C. Two test specimens were placed on a 50 mm thick foamed polystyrene, the sides were surrounded by 50 mm wide and 50 mm thick foamed polystyrene, and a 24 mm thick plywood was placed on the top. A thermocouple was attached on the heater, container, and plywood and connected to a temperature recorder. The above characteristic equation was input to the controller and a heater was connected.
[0023]
The heaters in the heat release controls B and C were manually energized at 23:00 and held until 7 o'clock. As a result, the B and C parts melted (65 to 70 ° C.), and the A part did not melt and remained as crystals. When the energization of the C-part heater was stopped at 7 o'clock, the temperature of the C-part decreased, but the B-part remained heated. When the energization of the B part heater is stopped at 16:00 (trigger operation), the temperature of the B part decreases, and when it becomes 40 ° C. or less, the heat storage material in the supercooled state of the B part is formed using the crystals of the heat storage material inside the A part as seed crystals The material solidified (crystallized), and the B part generated heat. Subsequently, using the crystals in the B part as seed crystals, the heat storage material in the C part solidified, and the C part (down to 33 ° C.) generated heat. The temperature of C part was 43-48 degreeC. After this, the controller was switched to automatic control operation. At 23:00, the temperature of part B was 37.7 ° C., and the start of energization by automatic control was 0:35. It was delayed for 1 hour and 35 minutes from 23:00.
[0024]
Example 2
The test body of Example 1 was used as a heat storage body. Using the same controller as in Example 1, heating was performed in the late-night power hours by automatic operation, and energization of the heater in part C was stopped at 7 o'clock. The portion B remained heated and reached the next midnight power time zone. (The trigger was not activated.) The temperature of part C dropped to 37.0 ° C. at 17:00 and 32.5 ° C. at 23:00. The energization start by the automatic control was 4:30, and was delayed for 5 hours 30 minutes from 23:00.
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, in a heat storage device using a latent heat storage material, it is possible to control energization start time at the time of heat storage with less power consumption than ON / OFF control and without requiring actual measurement after construction. It is industrially useful because it can.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows a heat quantity-temperature curve of a heat storage material. A circle indicates a measurement point. A solid line indicates an approximate curve of each region.
FIG. 2 shows the shape of a test specimen container.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002095658A JP4185302B2 (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2002-03-29 | Method for controlling energization of latent heat storage device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002095658A JP4185302B2 (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2002-03-29 | Method for controlling energization of latent heat storage device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003294323A JP2003294323A (en) | 2003-10-15 |
| JP4185302B2 true JP4185302B2 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
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| JP2002095658A Expired - Fee Related JP4185302B2 (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2002-03-29 | Method for controlling energization of latent heat storage device |
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| Country | Link |
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| JP2003294323A (en) | 2003-10-15 |
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