JP4212643B2 - 生分解性ポリエステル樹脂組成物、および、それより得られる成形体、発泡体、成形容器 - Google Patents
生分解性ポリエステル樹脂組成物、および、それより得られる成形体、発泡体、成形容器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4212643B2 JP4212643B2 JP2008525326A JP2008525326A JP4212643B2 JP 4212643 B2 JP4212643 B2 JP 4212643B2 JP 2008525326 A JP2008525326 A JP 2008525326A JP 2008525326 A JP2008525326 A JP 2008525326A JP 4212643 B2 JP4212643 B2 JP 4212643B2
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- Prior art keywords
- biodegradable polyester
- foam
- polyester resin
- resin composition
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D1/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material or by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
- C08K5/151—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having one oxygen atom in the ring
- C08K5/1515—Three-membered rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/14—Peroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/12—Polyester-amides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L87/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds, obtained otherwise than by polymerisation reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C08L87/005—Block or graft polymers not provided for in groups C08L1/00 - C08L85/04
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
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Description
示差屈折率検知器を備えたゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(島津製作所社製)を用い、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)を溶出液として40℃で分析を行い、標準ポリスチレン換算で分子量を求めた。THFに溶けにくいサンプルは、少量のクロロホルムに溶解後、THFで希釈しサンプルとした。
パ−キンエルマ社製の示差走査型熱量計DSC−7型を用い、昇温速度を20℃/分とし、JISK7123に従って測定した。
JIS K7210にしたがい、樹脂の融点が170℃以下の場合には、D条件に記載の方法に準じて、温度190℃、荷重2.16kgfにて測定した。融点が170℃を超える素材は、M条件に記載の方法に準じて、温度230℃、荷重2.16kgfにて測定した。
伸長粘度測定装置RME(レオメトリック社製)を用い、60mm×7mm×1mmの試験片の両端を金属ベルトクランプにより支持した後、樹脂組成物の融点よりも10℃高い温度で、歪み速度0.1sec−1で引っ張って、試験片に伸長変化を加え、変形中にピンチローラにかかるトルクを検出することにより、伸長粘度を求めた。そして、伸長時間と、上記のようにして得られたて伸長粘度との両対数プロットにおいて屈曲点が現れるまでの伸長初期の線形領域の傾きa1と、屈曲点以降の伸長後期の傾きa2との比を算出することにより、歪み硬化係数を求めた。
DSC装置(パーキンエルマー社製Pyrisl DSC)を用い、20℃から+500℃/分の速度で200℃まで昇温後、200℃で5分間保持し、次いで200℃から−500℃/分の速度で130℃まで降温した後、130℃で結晶化させた。そして、最終的に到達する結晶化度を1としたときに、結晶化度が0.5に達した時間を結晶化速度指数(分)として求めた。
成形片の表面についてRAD−rBX線回折装置(理学電機工業社製)を用い、WAXD反射法(X線:Cu−Kα線/50kV/20mA、スキャンスピード:2°/min)により広角X線回折測定を行った。測定により得られたプロファイルについて、2θ=3°〜40°の範囲で多重ピーク分離法によりピークを分離し、2θ=16.5°付近のポリ乳酸の結晶(200)および(011)のピーク面積Sc、および非晶のハローのピーク面積Saを求めた。結晶化度は、Sc/(Sc+Sa)X100(%)として算出した。
得られた発泡体を水中に浸漬した際に増加する体積で、発泡体の質量を割って、見掛け密度を算出した。そして、発泡体を構成する樹脂の真の密度を前記発泡体の見掛け密度で割り算して、発泡倍率を求めた。
押出発泡装置を用い、発泡体を製造する際の操業状態とシートの状態とを観察して、下記の基準により評価した。
ASTM−256に準じて、65mm×12mm×3mmの試験片を作製し、ノッチをつけてアイゾット衝撃強度を測定した。
ASTM D2794に準じて、50mm×87mm×2mmの試験片を作製し、落下重錘300gf、撃心R=1/8インチの条件下で、落錘高さ(cm)を変更しながら、試験回数5回毎の破壊状態を目視観察し、全く破壊されていない時の落錘高さ(cm)を衝撃強度として、耐衝撃性を評価した。
JIS K6767 引裂強さ試験法に準じて、発泡体の試験片を5個打ち抜き、試験片の中央の厚みを測定した後、試験片を引張試験機(インテスコ社製試験機2020型)に正確に取り付け、500mm/minの速さで試験片が切断するまで引っ張り、切断時の最大荷重を厚みで割った値をもって、引裂強さ(N/cm)とした。
厚み1.5mmの発泡体を50mm×87mmの大きさに切り出した試験片を作製し、ATMD2794に記載の方法に準じて耐衝撃性を評価した。
試料を横方向(TD)に切り出して、厚みを半分とした後、可視硬化樹脂(エポキシ包埋材)中に数時間浸漬し、その後に硬化させて切片を採取した。その切片を用いて、日本電子社製JEM−1230 TEM装置に適用して、加速電圧=100KV、58μA、照射絞り3にて透過測定で写真撮影(2万倍)した。そのときの共重合樹脂(B)のセグメント(島成分)の大きさ20個の平均長さを測定した。
シート状のサンプルとして縦20cm×横20cm×厚み1.5mmの試料片を作製し、熱風型乾燥機を用い、温度100℃、処理時間30分で熱処理し、試料片の収縮率の測定とその状態の観察とにもとづいて、下記の基準により評価した。
被験体としての容器に水50mlを入れ、食品包装用ラップフィルムで表面をシールし、500Wの電子レンジで2分間温め、温めた後の容器の状態を目視観察して、下記の基準により評価した。
○:表面が若干肌荒れしているものの、変形していない
△:表面が肌荒れしており、若干変形している
[原料]
下記の実施例および比較例に用いた原料は、次のとおりである。
A−1:ポリ乳酸(ネイチャー・ワークス社製、重量平均分子量12.5万、MFR13g/10分、L体99モル%、D体1モル%、結晶化速度指数92分、ガラス転移温度Tg57℃、融点Tm166℃)
A−2:ポリ乳酸(ネイチャー・ワークス社製、重量平均分子量11.0万、MFR23g/10分、L体95モル%、D体5モル%、結晶化速度指数>100分、融点Tm137℃)
A−3:ポリ乳酸(ネイチャー・ワークス社製、重量平均分子量18万、MFR3.5g/10分、L体90モル%、D体10モル%、結晶化速度指数>100分、融点示さず)
A−4:ポリ乳酸(ネイチャー・ワークス社製、重量平均分子量17万、MFR5.0g/10分、L体80モル%、D体20モル%、結晶化速度指数>100分、融点示さず)
A−5:ポリ乳酸(ネイチャー・ワークス社製、重量平均分子量10万、MFR37g/10分、L体99モル%、D体1モル%、結晶化速度指数90分、ガラス転移温度Tg57℃゜、融点Tm166℃)
ポリエーテル/オレフィンブロック共重合樹脂(B1):
ペレスタット230(三洋化成社製、MFR=10g/10分、融点Tm160℃)
ポリエーテルエステルアミド共重合樹脂(B2):
B2−1:ペレスタットNC7530(三洋化成社製、MFR=13g/10分、融点=176℃)
B2−2:ペレスタット6500(三洋化成社製、MFR=21g/10分、融点=190℃)
(メタ)アクリル酸エステル化合物(C):
PEGDM:エチレングリコールジメタクリレート(日本油脂社製、ブレンマーPDE50)
PEGDA:ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(日本油脂社製、ブレンマーADE200)
GM:グリシジルメタクリレート(日本油脂社製、ブレンマーG)
過酸化物(D):
D−1:ジ−t−ブチルパーオキサイド
D−2:2.5−ジメチル−2.5−ビス(t−ブチルパーオキシ)ヘキサン(日本油脂社製パーヘキサ25B。可塑剤であるアセチルトリブチルクエン酸に10%溶液となるように溶解して用いた。)
D−3:2.5−ジメチル−2.5−ジ(t−ブチルパーオキシ)ヘキサンの不活性固体希釈粉体(日本油脂社製パーヘキサ25B−40。生分解性ポリエステル樹脂に予めドライブレンドして用いた。)
実施例1〜3
二軸押出混練機(池貝社製PCM−45、溶融温度−押出ヘッド温度:200℃、スクリュー回転数:150rpm、吐出量:25kg/h)を用い、生分解性ポリエステル樹脂(A)としてのポリ乳酸(A−1)100質量部に対し、共重合樹脂(B)であるポリエーテル/オレフィンブロック共重合樹脂(B1)としてのペレスタット230を、表1に示す量でそれぞれ添加した。発泡核剤として、タルク(林化成社製、平均粒径2.5μm)を2質量部添加した。混練機途中から、液体定量供給ポンプを用いて、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル化合物(C)としてのPEGDMと過酸化物(D)としてのジ−t−ブチルパーオキサイド(D−1)とを可塑剤アセチルトリクエン酸に溶解した溶液(PEGDM/(D−1)=1/2(質量比)、濃度30質量%)を、表1に示す量になるように注入し、押出し、ペレット状に加工した。得られたペレット状の樹脂組成物を乾燥した後、物性を評価した。
生分解性ポリエステル樹脂(A)、ポリエーテル/オレフィンブロック共重合樹脂(B1)、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル化合物(C)、過酸化物(D)を、それぞれ表1に示す種類や量に変えた。それ以外は実施例1と同様にして、樹脂組成物を得た。続いて発泡シートと成形体を得た。得られた樹脂組成物、発泡シート、成形体の物性を評価した結果を表1に示す。
実施例2で得られた樹脂組成物に対し、発泡剤としてのアゾジカルボンアミド系熱分解型発泡剤(永和化成社製ビニホールAC#3)が1.5質量%になるようにドライブレンドして、発泡試験を行った。すなわち、一軸で40mm径の押出しTダイ試験機(スルーザー型スタティックミキサー3.5段併設、スリット長500mm、スリット幅1.5mm)を用い、溶融温度220℃、ダイ出口温度160℃、スクリュー回転数16rpm、引取り速度3m/分で製膜した。製膜時の発泡状態は極めて均一であり、良好な操業性であった。
実施例7で得られた樹脂組成物を凍結粉砕して、平均粒径1mmの粒子を作製した。この粒子をいったん乾燥した後、発泡剤としてn−ブタン/iso−ブタン(20/80質量比)混合ガスを用い、バッチ発泡試験(耐圧容器を用い、150℃、2hrでブタン混合ガスを含浸後、120℃で発泡化(常圧へ戻す))を行った。
二軸押出混練機(池貝社製PCM−45、溶融温度−押出ヘッド温度:200℃、スクリュー回転数150rpm、吐出量25kg/h)を用い、ポリ乳酸(A−5)100質量部に対し、タルク2質量部を添加した。混練機途中から、液体定量供給ポンプを用いて、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル化合物(C)であるPEGDM1質量部と、過酸化物(D−1)2質量部とを可塑剤であるアセチルトリブチルクエン酸7質量部に溶解した溶液を注入し、樹脂組成物のMFRが2.0g/10分となるように注入量を調整した。そして溶融混練して押出し、ペレット状に加工した。
実施例1〜3に比べ、共重合樹脂(B)を、ポリエーテルエステルアミド共重合樹脂(B2)、具体的にはペレスタットNC7530(B2−1)に変えた。それ以外は実施例1〜3と同じにして、実施例20〜23の、ペレット状の樹脂組成物と、発泡体シートと、成形容器とを得た。その結果を表3に示す。
生分解性ポリエステル樹脂(A)、ポリエーテルエステルアミド共重合樹脂(B2)、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル化合物(C)、過酸化物(D)を、それぞれ表1に示す種類や量に変えた。それ以外は実施例1と同様にして、樹脂組成物を得た。続いて発泡シートと成形体を得た。得られた樹脂組成物、発泡体としての発泡シート、成形体の物性を評価した結果を表3に示す。
実施例21で得られた樹脂組成物に対し、実施例13と同様の手法で、発泡剤としてのアゾジカルボンアミド系熱分解型発泡剤(永和化成社製ビニホールAC#3)が1.5質量%になるようにドライブレンドして、発泡試験を行った。製膜時の発泡状態は極めて均一であり、良好な操業性であった。
実施例26で得られた樹脂組成物を、凍結粉砕して、平均粒径1mmの粒子を作製した。この粒子をいったん乾燥した後、発泡剤としてn−ブタン/iso−ブタン(20/80質量比)混合ガスを用い、バッチ発泡試験(耐圧容器を用い、150℃、2hrでブタン混合ガスを含浸後、120℃で発泡化(常圧へ戻す))を行った。
実施例15〜19で用いたのと同じ二軸押出混練機を同じ条件で運転して、ポリ乳酸(A−5)100質量部に対し、タルク2質量部を添加した。混練機途中から液体定量供給ポンプを用いて、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル化合物(C)であるPEGDM1質量部と、過酸化物(D−1)2質量部とを可塑剤であるアセチルトリブチルクエン酸7質量部に溶解した溶液を注入し、樹脂組成物のMFRが2.0g/10分となるように注入量を調整した。そして溶融混練して押出し、ペレット状に加工した。
Claims (8)
- α−および/またはβ−ヒドロキシカルボン酸単位を70モル%以上含有する生分解性ポリエステル樹脂(A)100質量部と、ポリエーテル/オレフィンブロック共重合樹脂またはポリエーテルエステルアミド共重合樹脂(B)3〜30質量部と、分子内に2個以上の(メタ)アクリル基を有するか、または1個以上の(メタ)アクリル基と1個以上のグリシジル基もしくはビニル基とを有する(メタ)アクリル酸エステル化合物(C)0.01〜10質量部と、過酸化物(D)0.01〜10質量部とを溶融混練して得られたものであることを特徴とする生分解性ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- α−および/またはβ−ヒドロキシカルボン酸単位が、D−乳酸、L乳酸またはこれらの混合物であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の生分解性ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- ポリエーテル/オレフィンブロック共重合樹脂またはポリエーテルエステルアミド共重合樹脂(B)が島状に分散され、その大きさが1μm未満であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の生分解性ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- 衝撃強度が20cm以上であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の生分解性ポリエステル樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載の生分解性ポリエステル樹脂組成物を成形したものであることを特徴とする生分解性ポリエステル成形体。
- 請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載の生分解性ポリエステル樹脂組成物を発泡成形したものであることを特徴とする生分解性ポリエステル発泡体。
- 衝撃強度が10cm以上であり、引裂強度が350N/cm以上であることを特徴とする請求項6記載の生分解性ポリエステル発泡体。
- 請求項6に記載の生分解性ポリエステル発泡体を成形したものであることを特徴とする生分解性ポリエステル成形容器。
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| JP2006346025 | 2006-12-22 | ||
| PCT/JP2007/001451 WO2008078413A1 (ja) | 2006-12-22 | 2007-12-21 | 生分解性ポリエステル樹脂組成物、および、それより得られる成形体、発泡体、成形容器 |
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| EP (1) | EP2096141A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4212643B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20090091279A (ja) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JPWO2008078413A1 (ja) | 2010-04-15 |
| KR20090091279A (ko) | 2009-08-27 |
| EP2096141A4 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
| WO2008078413A1 (ja) | 2008-07-03 |
| US20100056656A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
| CN101535405A (zh) | 2009-09-16 |
| CN101535405B (zh) | 2012-06-20 |
| EP2096141A1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
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