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JP4248044B2 - Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery - Google Patents
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JP4248044B2 - Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP4248044B2
JP4248044B2 JP06799298A JP6799298A JP4248044B2 JP 4248044 B2 JP4248044 B2 JP 4248044B2 JP 06799298 A JP06799298 A JP 06799298A JP 6799298 A JP6799298 A JP 6799298A JP 4248044 B2 JP4248044 B2 JP 4248044B2
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Prior art keywords
battery
secondary battery
electrolyte
electrolyte secondary
power generation
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JPH11265700A (en
Inventor
桂一 伊藤
凖彦 大辻
善作 安武
尚範 山口
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、正負両極がセパレータを介して巻回される発電要素と余剰の電解液とが収納された有底筒状の外装缶と、この外装缶の開口部を封口すると共に、電池内の圧力が上昇した際に上記発電要素と電流取出端子との接触を絶って充電を中止させる電流遮断機構を備えた封口体とを有する非水電解液二次電池に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、携帯電話等の電子機器には非水電解液二次電池が用いられるようになってきたが、この場合、過充電時における電池の安全性を確保する必要がある。そこで、特開平2−112151号公報に示されるように、満充電状態から所定値以上の電気量が充電された際に、電池内の圧力上昇を利用して発電要素と電流取出端子との接触を絶って、それ以上の充電を中止させる電流遮断機構を備えたものが提案されている。しかしながら、上記構造の電池では、必ずしも電流遮断機構が確実に作動しない場合がある。
【0003】
そこで、特開平4−328278号公報に示されるように、正極に炭酸塩を添加し、所定の電気量が充電された際に炭酸ガスを発生させ、或いは、電解液中に添加剤を添加し、所定の電気量が充電された際にガスを発生させ、これにより上記電流遮断機構を確実に作動させる電池が提案されている。
【0004】
しかしながら、上記正極或いは電解液に添加剤を添加する場合、当該添加剤は通常の充放電がなされている限りは、電極の充放電反応に寄与しない場合が多いため、上記構造の電池では、電池容量が低下し、更には電池の諸特性が低下し、これらのことから、電池の高性能化を図ることができないという課題を有していた。
そこで、この問題を解決すべく、充放電を円滑に進行させるのに必要な量よりも若干多めの電解液を外装缶内に注入するような構造の電池が考えられる。このような構成であれば、添加剤は不要となるので、電池容量が低下するのを防止できると共に、電池内の空間体積を減少させ、且つ、過充電時の発熱による電解液中の低沸点成分の蒸発、高電圧での電解液の分解によるガス発生がより円滑化するので、上記電流遮断機構を確実に作動させることができる。しかしながら、上記構成の電池では電解液の量が多くなり、電解液の漏れが発生し、電池の信頼性が低下するという課題を有していた。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、以上の事情に鑑みなされたものであって、電解液の漏れが発生するのを確実に防止して電池の信頼性を向上させつつ、電流遮断機構を確実に作動させて電池の安全性を向上させることができる非水電解液二次電池の提供を目的とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明のうちで請求項1記載の発明は、正負両極がセパレータを介して巻回される発電要素と電解液とが収納された有底筒状の外装缶と、この外装缶の開口部を封口すると共に、電池内の圧力が上昇した際に上記発電要素と電流取出端子との接触を絶ってそれ以上の充電を中止させる電流遮断機構を備えた封口体とを有する非水電解液二次電池において、
上記外装缶内には余剰の電解液が収納されると共に、上記発電要素の巻回中心にある中空部には、ポリエチレン繊維、又はポリプロピレン繊維、又はセラミックス多孔体、からなる吸液性絶縁体が配置されていることを特徴とする。
【0007】
上記の如く、中空部に電解液を吸収する、ポリエチレン繊維、又はポリプロピレン繊維、又はセラミックス多孔体からなる吸液性絶縁体が配置されていれば、充放電を円滑に進行させるのに必要な量よりも多くの電解液(余剰の電解液)を外装缶内に収納している場合であっても、余剰の電解液は吸液性絶縁体に吸収されるので、電解液が漏れるのを防止できる。更に、余剰の電解液の存在により、過充電時に発生するガスの量が多くなると共に、吸液性絶縁体の存在により電池内の空間部分の体積が小さくなる。したがって、電流遮断機構を確実に作動させることができる。加えて、余剰の電解液の存在により、電池の発火等の電池異常が発生せず、電池の安全性が向上すると共に、電池のサイクル劣化も抑制される。
【0008】
また、請求項2記載の発明は、請求項1記載の発明において、上記電解液の液量が、電池の理論容量1mAh当たり0.0035cm3 以上0.005cm3 以下であることを特徴とする。
電解液の液量を、このような範囲に規制するのは、以下に示す理由による。
即ち、電解液の液量が、電池の理論容量1mAh当たり0.0035cm3 未満であると、電解液が枯渇するために放電容量が低下すると共に、過充電による発火等が生じる一方、電解液の液量が、電池の理論容量1mAh当たり0.005cm3 を超えると、吸液性絶縁体に吸収されない電解液が電池内に存在することとなり、この結果電解液が漏れるという理由による。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態を、図1〜図3に基づいて、以下に説明する。
図1は本発明に係る非水電解液二次電池の分解斜視図、図2は電池の電流遮断機構の拡大断面図、図3は電池の電流遮断機構が作動した際の拡大断面図である。
【0010】
図1に示すように、本発明の非水電解液二次電池は、有底円筒状の外装缶5を有しており、この外装缶5は表面にニッケルメッキされた鉄から成る。上記外装缶5内には、アルミニウムから成る芯体にLiCoO2 を主体とする活物質層が形成された正極1と、銅から成る芯体に黒鉛を主体とする活物質層が形成された負極2と、これら両電極1・2を離間するセパレータ3とから成る渦巻き状の発電要素4が収納されている。また、上記外装缶5内には、エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジメチルカーボネート(DMC)とが体積比で4:6の割合で混合された混合溶媒に、LiPF6 が1M(モル/リットル)の割合で溶解された電解液が注入されている。更に、上記外装缶5の開口部に封口体6をかしめて電池が封口される。
【0011】
ここで、上記封口体6は、図2に示すように、正極端子兼用の正極キャップ7を有しており、この正極キャップ7には、略半円球状を成す電流遮断弁8が電気的に接続されている。この電流遮断弁8は、通常状態では、正極集電タブ10と電気的に接続された薄板9と溶接されている一方、過充電時等の異常時に電池内部の圧力が所定値(10〜20kgf/cm2 )以上になった場合には、図3に示すように、薄板9と不接触状態となって、充電が中止される。尚、上記封口体6には絶縁パッキング11が設けられている。
【0012】
また、前記発電要素4の中空部14には、ポリエチレン繊維を円柱状に成形した吸液性絶縁体15が配置されており、この吸液性絶縁体15は余剰の電解液を吸収するような構成である。更に、前記外装缶5には、負極2と電気的に接続された負極集電タブ13が接続され、且つ前記発電要素4の上下両端部近傍には、絶縁板16・17が配置されている。
【0013】
ここで、上記構造の非水電解質電池を、以下のようにして作製した。
先ず、正極活物質としてのLiCoO2 を90重量%と、導電剤としてのカーボンブラックを5重量%と、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデンを5重量%と、溶剤としてのN−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)溶液とを混合してスラリーを調製した後、正極集電タブ10の溶接部位を除き、上記スラリーを正極集電体としてのアルミニウム箔(厚さ:20μm)の両面に塗布した。その後、溶剤を乾燥し、ローラーで所定の厚みにまで圧縮した後、所定の幅及び長さになるように切断し、更にアルミニウム製の正極集電タブ10(幅:3mm)を溶接した。
【0014】
これと並行して、負極活物質としての黒鉛粉末を95重量%と、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデンを5重量%と、溶剤としてのNMP溶液とを混合してスラリーを調製した後、負極集電タブ13の溶接部位を除き、上記スラリーを負極集電体としての銅箔(厚さ:16μm)の両面に塗布した。その後、溶剤を乾燥し、ローラーで所定の厚みにまで圧縮した後、所定の幅及び長さになるように切断し、更にニッケル製の負極集電タブ13(幅:3mm)を溶接した。
【0015】
次に、上記正極1と負極2とをポリエチレン製微多孔膜から成るセパレータ3(厚み:25μm)を介して巻回して発電要素4を作製した後、この発電要素4を絶縁板16と共に外装缶5内に挿入し、更に負極集電タブ13を外装缶5の缶底に溶接した。その後、正極集電タブ10を、電流遮断機構を備えた封口板6の薄板9に溶接すると共に、発電要素4の中空部14に吸液性絶縁体15を挿入する。しかる後、ECとDMCとが体積比で4:6の割合で混合された混合溶媒に、LiPF6 が1M(モル/リットル)の割合で溶解された電解液を、電池の理論容量1mAhあたり0.0035cm3 となるように外装缶5内に注入した後、封口板6にて封口することにより、円筒形の電池(直径:18mm、高さ65mmで、理論容量が1400mAh)を作製した。
【0016】
尚、上記実施の形態では、正極集電タブ10と電気的に接続された薄板9を介して電流遮断弁8が設けられているが、このような構造に限定するものではなく、例えば正極集電タブ10と電流遮断弁8とを直接溶接するような構造であっても良い。この場合は、過充電時等の異常時に電池内部の圧力が所定値(10〜20kgf/cm2 )以上になった場合には、正極集電タブ10と電流遮断弁8との溶接部が外れて電流遮断機構が働くことになる。
【0017】
また、吸液性絶縁体15としては、ポリエチレン繊維を円柱状に成形したものに限定されるものではなく、例えばポリプロピレン繊維等のポリオレフィン系樹脂繊維を円柱状に成形したもの、ポリエチレンやポリプロピレン樹脂不織布等のポリオレフィン系樹脂不織布を円柱状に巻回成形したもの、電解液を吸収してゲル状となる高分子吸収体、或いはセラミックス多孔体を円柱状に加工したもの等を用いることが可能である。
加えて、正極材料としては上記LiCoO2 の他、例えば、LiNiO2 、LiMn2 4 或いはこれらの複合体等が好適に用いられ、また負極材料としては上記炭素材料の他、リチウム金属、リチウム合金、或いは金属酸化物(スズ酸化物等)等が好適に用いられる。
【0018】
更に、電解液の溶媒としては上記のものに限らず、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、ビニレンカーボネート、γ−ブチロラクトンなどの比較的比誘電率が高い溶液と、ジエチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート、テトラヒドロフラン、1,2−ジメトキシエタン、1,3−ジオキソラン、2−メトキシテトラヒドロフラン、ジエチルエーテル等の低粘度低沸点溶媒とを適度な比率で混合した溶媒を用いることができる。また、電解液の電解質としては、上記LiPF6 の他、LiAsF6 、LiClO4 、LiBF4 、LiCF3 SO3 等を用いることができる。
【0019】
【実施例】
〔実施例1〕
実施例1としては、上記発明の実施の形態に示す方法と同様の方法にて作製した電池を用いた。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、本発明電池A1と称する。
〔実施例2〕
電解液量を、電池の理論容量1mAhあたり0.0040cm3 となるようにして電池を作製する他は、上記実施例1と同様にして電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、本発明電池A2と称する。
【0020】
〔実施例3〕
電解液量を、電池の理論容量1mAhあたり0.0050cm3 となるようにして電池を作製する他は、上記実施例1と同様にして電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、本発明電池A3と称する。
〔実施例4〕
電解液量を、電池の理論容量1mAhあたり0.0055cm3 となるようにして電池を作製する他は、上記実施例1と同様にして電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、本発明電池A4と称する。
【0021】
〔比較例1〜3〕
発電要素の中空部に吸液性絶縁体を配置しない他は、それぞれ上記実施例1〜3と同様にして電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下それぞれ、比較電池X1〜X3と称する。
〔比較例4〕
電解液量を、電池の理論容量1mAhあたり0.0030cm3 となるようにして電池を作製する他は、上記実施例1と同様にして電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、比較電池X4と称する。
【0022】
〔比較例5〕
発電要素の中空部に吸液性絶縁体を配置しない他は、上記比較例4と同様にして電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、比較電池X5と称する。
〔比較例6〕
発電要素の中空部に吸液性絶縁体を配置しない他は、上記実施例4と同様にして電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、比較電池X6と称する。
【0023】
〔実験1〕
上記本発明電池A1〜A4及び比較電池X1〜X6について、過充電試験を行ったので、その結果を下記表1に示す。
尚、実験条件は2700mAの定電流で連続充電するという条件であり、また試料数は各電池5個ずつである。
【0024】
【表1】

Figure 0004248044
【0025】
上記表1から明らかなように、本発明電池A1〜A4及び比較電池X1〜X3及び比較電池X6では、全く電池の異常が発生していないのに対して、比較電池X4及び比較電池X5では、電解液量が少ないことに起因して、電池の異常が発生することが認められる。
【0026】
〔実験2〕
上記本発明電池A1〜A4及び比較電池X1〜X6について、落下試験を行ったので、その結果を上記表1に併せて示す。
尚、実験条件は1mの高さからPタイル上に電池を100回ずつ落下させるという条件であり、また試料数は各電池50個ずつである。
【0027】
上記表1から明らかなように、本発明電池A1〜A3では、全く電解液の漏液が認められないのに対して、比較電池X1〜X3及び比較電池X6(上記実験1で電池の異常が発生しない比較電池)では、過剰の電解液を吸収する吸液性絶縁体が存在しないことに起因して、電解液の漏液が認められる。但し、電解液量が多すぎる本発明電池A4では、電解液の漏液が認められる。
【0028】
〔実験3〕
上記本発明電池A1〜A4及び比較電池X1〜X6について、サイクル試験を行ったので、その結果を図4に示す。
尚、充放電条件は、以下のとうりである。
充電条件:1350mAの定電流で電池電圧が4.1Vになるまで充電し、その後4.1Vで定電圧充電し、電流値が27mAに低下した時点で充電を終了する。その後、10分休止する。
放電条件:1350mAの定電流で電池電圧が2.75Vになるまで放電し、その後、10分休止する。
【0029】
図4から明らかなように、本発明電池A1〜A4及び比較電池X1〜X3及び比較電池X6では、良好なサイクル特性を示しているのに対して、比較電池X4及び比較電池X5では、電解液量が少ないことに起因して、放電容量の低下が大きくサイクル劣化していることが認められる。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、余剰の電解液は吸液性絶縁体に吸収されるので、電解液が漏れるのを防止できる。また、余剰の電解液の存在により、過充電時に発生するガスの量が多くなると共に、吸液性絶縁体の存在により電池内の空間部分の体積が小さくなるので、電流遮断機構を確実に作動させることができる。加えて、余剰の電解液の存在により、電池の発火等の電池異常が発生せず、電池の安全性が向上すると共に、電池のサイクル劣化も抑制されるといった優れた効果を奏する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る非水電解液二次電池の分解斜視図である。
【図2】電池の電流遮断機構の拡大断面図である。
【図3】電池の電流遮断機構が作動した際の拡大断面図である。
【図4】本発明電池A1〜A4及び比較電池X1〜X6のサイクル特性を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
1:正極
2:負極
3:セパレータ
4:発電要素
5:外装缶
8:電流遮断弁
15:吸液性絶縁体[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention seals a bottomed cylindrical outer can containing a power generation element in which both positive and negative electrodes are wound via a separator and an excess electrolyte, and an opening of the outer can. The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a sealing body provided with a current blocking mechanism that stops contact by stopping contact between the power generation element and a current extraction terminal when the pressure rises.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries have been used for electronic devices such as mobile phones. In this case, it is necessary to ensure the safety of the battery during overcharge. Therefore, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-112151, when an amount of electricity equal to or greater than a predetermined value is charged from a fully charged state, contact between the power generation element and the current extraction terminal is made using the pressure increase in the battery. A device having a current interruption mechanism that stops charging and stops further charging has been proposed. However, in the battery having the above structure, the current interruption mechanism may not always operate reliably.
[0003]
Therefore, as disclosed in JP-A-4-328278, carbonate is added to the positive electrode, carbon dioxide is generated when a predetermined amount of electricity is charged, or an additive is added to the electrolyte. There has been proposed a battery that generates a gas when a predetermined amount of electricity is charged, thereby reliably operating the current interrupting mechanism.
[0004]
However, when an additive is added to the positive electrode or the electrolyte, the additive often does not contribute to the charge / discharge reaction of the electrode as long as normal charge / discharge is performed. As a result, the capacity was lowered, and various characteristics of the battery were lowered. Therefore, there was a problem that the performance of the battery could not be improved.
Therefore, in order to solve this problem, a battery having a structure in which a slightly larger amount of electrolyte than that required for smoothly proceeding charging and discharging is injected into the outer can is considered. With such a configuration, since no additive is required, the battery capacity can be prevented from decreasing, the space volume in the battery can be reduced, and the low boiling point in the electrolyte due to heat generation during overcharge can be reduced. Since the gas generation due to the evaporation of the components and the decomposition of the electrolytic solution at a high voltage becomes smoother, the current interrupting mechanism can be operated reliably. However, the battery having the above-described configuration has a problem that the amount of the electrolytic solution increases, leakage of the electrolytic solution occurs, and the reliability of the battery decreases.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is possible to reliably prevent the occurrence of electrolyte leakage and improve the reliability of the battery while reliably operating the current interrupting mechanism. An object is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of improving safety.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, among the present inventions, the invention according to claim 1 is a bottomed cylindrical outer can in which a power generating element in which both positive and negative electrodes are wound via a separator and an electrolyte solution are housed. Sealing the opening of the outer can, and a sealing body having a current interrupting mechanism that stops contact with the power generation element and the current extraction terminal when the pressure in the battery rises and stops further charging; In a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having
Excess electrolyte is stored in the outer can , and a liquid absorbing insulator made of polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber, or ceramic porous body is formed in the hollow portion at the winding center of the power generation element. It is arranged.
[0007]
As described above, if a liquid-absorbing insulator made of polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber, or a ceramic porous body that absorbs the electrolytic solution is disposed in the hollow portion, the amount necessary for smoothly proceeding charging and discharging Even when more electrolyte solution (excess electrolyte solution) is stored in the outer can, excess electrolyte solution is absorbed by the absorbent insulator, preventing leakage of electrolyte solution it can. Further, the presence of the excess electrolyte increases the amount of gas generated during overcharge, and the presence of the liquid-absorbing insulator reduces the volume of the space in the battery. Therefore, the current interrupt mechanism can be reliably operated. In addition, due to the presence of the excess electrolyte, battery abnormality such as battery ignition does not occur, battery safety is improved, and battery cycle deterioration is also suppressed.
[0008]
The invention of claim 2, in the invention of claim 1, wherein the liquid amount of the electrolytic solution is equal to or less than 0.005 cm 3 theoretical capacity 1mAh per 0.0035Cm 3 or more batteries.
The reason for restricting the amount of the electrolytic solution to such a range is as follows.
That is, when the amount of the electrolytic solution is less than 0.0035 cm 3 per 1 mAh of the theoretical capacity of the battery, the electrolytic solution is depleted, so that the discharge capacity is reduced and ignition due to overcharging occurs. When the amount of the liquid exceeds 0.005 cm 3 per 1 mAh of the theoretical capacity of the battery, an electrolytic solution that is not absorbed by the liquid absorbing insulator exists in the battery, and as a result, the electrolytic solution leaks.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a battery current interruption mechanism, and FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view when the battery current interruption mechanism is activated. .
[0010]
As shown in FIG. 1, the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention has a bottomed cylindrical outer can 5, and the outer can 5 is made of iron whose surface is nickel-plated. In the outer can 5, a positive electrode 1 in which an active material layer mainly composed of LiCoO 2 is formed on a core body made of aluminum, and a negative electrode in which an active material layer mainly composed of graphite is formed on a core body made of copper. 2 and a separator 3 separating the electrodes 1 and 2 from each other are housed. Further, in the outer can 5, a ratio of 1 M (mol / liter) of LiPF 6 to a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) are mixed at a volume ratio of 4: 6. The electrolytic solution dissolved in is injected. Furthermore, the sealing body 6 is crimped on the opening of the outer can 5 to seal the battery.
[0011]
Here, as shown in FIG. 2, the sealing body 6 has a positive electrode cap 7 also serving as a positive electrode terminal. The positive electrode cap 7 has a current semi-spherical current cutoff valve 8 electrically connected thereto. It is connected. In the normal state, the current cutoff valve 8 is welded to the thin plate 9 electrically connected to the positive electrode current collecting tab 10, while the internal pressure of the battery is set to a predetermined value (10 to 20 kgf) at the time of abnormality such as overcharge. / Cm 2 ) or more, as shown in FIG. 3, the sheet 9 is brought into a non-contact state and charging is stopped. The sealing body 6 is provided with an insulating packing 11.
[0012]
The hollow portion 14 of the power generation element 4 is provided with a liquid-absorbing insulator 15 in which polyethylene fibers are formed into a cylindrical shape, and the liquid-absorbing insulator 15 absorbs excess electrolyte. It is a configuration. Further, a negative electrode current collecting tab 13 electrically connected to the negative electrode 2 is connected to the outer can 5, and insulating plates 16 and 17 are disposed in the vicinity of both upper and lower ends of the power generating element 4. .
[0013]
Here, the non-aqueous electrolyte battery having the above structure was produced as follows.
First, 90% by weight of LiCoO 2 as a positive electrode active material, 5% by weight of carbon black as a conductive agent, 5% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder, and N-methyl-2- 2 as a solvent. After preparing a slurry by mixing with a pyrrolidone (NMP) solution, the above-mentioned slurry was applied to both surfaces of an aluminum foil (thickness: 20 μm) as a positive electrode current collector, except for the welded portion of the positive electrode current collector tab 10. Then, after drying the solvent and compressing to a predetermined thickness with a roller, it was cut so as to have a predetermined width and length, and an aluminum positive electrode current collecting tab 10 (width: 3 mm) was welded.
[0014]
In parallel with this, a slurry was prepared by mixing 95% by weight of graphite powder as a negative electrode active material, 5% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder, and an NMP solution as a solvent. The slurry was applied to both sides of a copper foil (thickness: 16 μm) as a negative electrode current collector, except for the welded portion of the current collecting tab 13. Thereafter, the solvent was dried, compressed to a predetermined thickness with a roller, cut to a predetermined width and length, and further, a nickel negative electrode current collecting tab 13 (width: 3 mm) was welded.
[0015]
Next, after the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are wound through a separator 3 (thickness: 25 μm) made of a polyethylene microporous film, a power generation element 4 is produced. The negative electrode current collecting tab 13 was further welded to the bottom of the outer can 5. Thereafter, the positive electrode current collecting tab 10 is welded to the thin plate 9 of the sealing plate 6 having a current interruption mechanism, and the liquid absorbing insulator 15 is inserted into the hollow portion 14 of the power generating element 4. Thereafter, an electrolytic solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a ratio of 1 M (mol / liter) in a mixed solvent in which EC and DMC were mixed at a volume ratio of 4: 6 was reduced to 0 per 1 mAh of the theoretical capacity of the battery. After injecting into the outer can 5 so that it might become .0035cm < 3 >, it sealed by the sealing board 6, and produced the cylindrical battery (A diameter: 18 mm, height 65mm, theoretical capacity is 1400 mAh).
[0016]
In the above embodiment, the current cutoff valve 8 is provided via the thin plate 9 electrically connected to the positive electrode current collecting tab 10, but the present invention is not limited to this structure. The electric tab 10 and the current cutoff valve 8 may be directly welded. In this case, when the internal pressure of the battery becomes a predetermined value (10 to 20 kgf / cm 2 ) or more at the time of abnormality such as overcharge, the welded portion between the positive electrode current collecting tab 10 and the current cutoff valve 8 comes off. Therefore, the current interruption mechanism works.
[0017]
Further, the liquid-absorbing insulator 15 is not limited to a polyethylene fiber molded into a cylindrical shape. For example, a polyolefin resin fiber such as a polypropylene fiber molded into a cylindrical shape, polyethylene or polypropylene resin nonwoven fabric. It is possible to use a non-woven polyolefin resin nonwoven fabric such as a cylindrically wound polymer absorbent polymer that absorbs an electrolytic solution to form a gel, or a porous ceramic body processed into a cylindrical shape. .
In addition to the above LiCoO 2 , for example, LiNiO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4, or a composite thereof is preferably used as the positive electrode material, and as the negative electrode material, in addition to the above carbon material, lithium metal, lithium alloy Alternatively, a metal oxide (such as tin oxide) is preferably used.
[0018]
Further, the solvent of the electrolytic solution is not limited to the above, but a solution having a relatively high relative dielectric constant such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, γ-butyrolactone, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran , 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,3-dioxolane, 2-methoxytetrahydrofuran, a solvent having a low boiling point such as diethyl ether mixed in an appropriate ratio can be used. In addition to LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3, etc. can be used as the electrolyte of the electrolytic solution.
[0019]
【Example】
[Example 1]
As Example 1, a battery manufactured by a method similar to the method described in the embodiment of the present invention was used.
The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as the present invention battery A1.
[Example 2]
A battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the battery was fabricated such that the amount of the electrolyte was 0.0040 cm 3 per 1 mAh of theoretical capacity of the battery.
The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as the present invention battery A2.
[0020]
Example 3
A battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the battery was produced by setting the amount of the electrolyte to 0.0050 cm 3 per 1 mAh theoretical capacity of the battery.
The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as the present invention battery A3.
Example 4
A battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 above, except that the battery was fabricated such that the amount of the electrolyte was 0.0055 cm 3 per 1 mAh of theoretical capacity of the battery.
The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as the present invention battery A4.
[0021]
[Comparative Examples 1-3]
Batteries were produced in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3, except that the liquid-absorbing insulator was not disposed in the hollow portion of the power generation element.
The batteries thus produced are hereinafter referred to as comparative batteries X1 to X3, respectively.
[Comparative Example 4]
A battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the battery was fabricated such that the amount of the electrolyte was 0.0030 cm 3 per 1 mAh theoretical capacity of the battery.
The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as comparative battery X4.
[0022]
[Comparative Example 5]
A battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 4 except that the liquid-absorbing insulator was not disposed in the hollow portion of the power generation element.
The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as comparative battery X5.
[Comparative Example 6]
A battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the liquid absorbing insulator was not disposed in the hollow portion of the power generation element.
The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as comparative battery X6.
[0023]
[Experiment 1]
Since the overcharge test was done about the said invention battery A1-A4 and comparative battery X1-X6, the result is shown in following Table 1. FIG.
The experimental condition is that the battery is continuously charged at a constant current of 2700 mA, and the number of samples is five for each battery.
[0024]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004248044
[0025]
As apparent from Table 1 above, in the batteries A1 to A4 of the present invention and the comparative batteries X1 to X3 and the comparative battery X6, no battery abnormality occurred, whereas in the comparative battery X4 and the comparative battery X5, It is recognized that battery abnormality occurs due to the small amount of electrolyte.
[0026]
[Experiment 2]
Since the drop test was performed about the said invention battery A1-A4 and comparative battery X1-X6, the result is combined with the said Table 1, and is shown.
The experimental condition is that the battery is dropped 100 times on the P tile from a height of 1 m, and the number of samples is 50 for each battery.
[0027]
As is clear from Table 1 above, in the batteries A1 to A3 of the present invention, no leakage of the electrolyte solution was observed, whereas the comparative batteries X1 to X3 and the comparative battery X6 (battery abnormality was found in Experiment 1 above). In comparative batteries that do not occur, leakage of the electrolyte is observed due to the absence of the liquid-absorbing insulator that absorbs the excess electrolyte. However, in the present invention battery A4 having an excessive amount of electrolytic solution, leakage of the electrolytic solution is observed.
[0028]
[Experiment 3]
Since the cycle test was performed about the said invention battery A1-A4 and comparative battery X1-X6, the result is shown in FIG.
The charge / discharge conditions are as follows.
Charging conditions: Charge at a constant current of 1350 mA until the battery voltage reaches 4.1 V, then charge at a constant voltage of 4.1 V, and terminate the charging when the current value drops to 27 mA. Then, rest for 10 minutes.
Discharge condition: Discharge at a constant current of 1350 mA until the battery voltage reaches 2.75 V, and then rest for 10 minutes.
[0029]
As is clear from FIG. 4, the batteries A1 to A4 of the present invention, the comparative batteries X1 to X3 and the comparative battery X6 show good cycle characteristics, whereas the comparative batteries X4 and X5 have an electrolyte solution. It can be seen that due to the small amount, the discharge capacity is greatly reduced and the cycle is deteriorated.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, excess electrolyte solution is absorbed by the liquid-absorbing insulator, so that leakage of the electrolyte solution can be prevented. In addition, the presence of excess electrolyte increases the amount of gas generated during overcharge, and the presence of the liquid-absorbing insulator reduces the volume of the space in the battery, so the current interrupting mechanism operates reliably. Can be made. In addition, due to the presence of the surplus electrolyte solution, battery abnormalities such as battery ignition do not occur, and the battery safety is improved and the cycle deterioration of the battery is suppressed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a battery current interruption mechanism.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view when a current interrupting mechanism of a battery is activated.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing cycle characteristics of the batteries A1 to A4 of the present invention and the comparative batteries X1 to X6.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Positive electrode 2: Negative electrode 3: Separator 4: Power generation element 5: Exterior can 8: Current cutoff valve 15: Liquid absorbing insulator

Claims (2)

正負両極がセパレータを介して巻回される発電要素と電解液とが収納された有底筒状の外装缶と、この外装缶の開口部を封口すると共に、電池内の圧力が上昇した際に上記発電要素と電流取出端子との接触を絶ってそれ以上の充電を中止させる電流遮断機構を備えた封口体とを有する非水電解液二次電池において、
上記外装缶内には余剰の電解液が収納されると共に、上記発電要素の巻回中心にある中空部には、ポリエチレン繊維、又はポリプロピレン繊維、又はセラミックス多孔体、からなる吸液性絶縁体が配置されていることを特徴とする非水電解液二次電池。
When the pressure inside the battery rises while sealing the bottomed cylindrical outer can in which the power generation element and the electrolyte are wound with the positive and negative electrodes wound through the separator, and the opening of the outer can In the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a sealing body with a current interruption mechanism that stops the charging by stopping contact between the power generation element and the current extraction terminal,
Excess electrolyte is stored in the outer can , and a liquid absorbing insulator made of polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber, or ceramic porous body is formed in the hollow portion at the winding center of the power generation element. A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery characterized by being arranged.
上記電解液の液量が、電池の理論容量1mAh当たり0.0035cm3 以上0.005cm3 以下である、請求項1記載の非水電解液二次電池。The liquid amount of the electrolytic solution is equal to or less than the theoretical capacity 1mAh per 0.0035Cm 3 or 0.005 cm 3 of the battery, the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein.
JP06799298A 1998-03-18 1998-03-18 Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery Expired - Fee Related JP4248044B2 (en)

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US8993138B2 (en) * 2008-10-02 2015-03-31 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Rechargeable battery
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