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JP4271963B2 - Method of manufacturing cage for conical roller bearing - Google Patents
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JP4271963B2 - Method of manufacturing cage for conical roller bearing - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing cage for conical roller bearing Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4271963B2
JP4271963B2 JP2003053647A JP2003053647A JP4271963B2 JP 4271963 B2 JP4271963 B2 JP 4271963B2 JP 2003053647 A JP2003053647 A JP 2003053647A JP 2003053647 A JP2003053647 A JP 2003053647A JP 4271963 B2 JP4271963 B2 JP 4271963B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
cage
residual stress
compressive residual
diameter annular
corner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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JP2003053647A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2004263759A (en
Inventor
廣幸 前田
澄夫 中沢
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Nakanishi Metal Works Co Ltd
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Nakanishi Metal Works Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2003053647A priority Critical patent/JP4271963B2/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/36Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers
    • F16C19/364Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/54Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal
    • F16C33/541Details of individual pockets, e.g. shape or roller retaining means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/54Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal
    • F16C33/542Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal made from sheet metal
    • F16C33/543Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal made from sheet metal from a single part

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、各種機械装置の回転機構部に設けられるころ軸受、例えば円錐ころ軸受等における複数のころを保持するためのころ軸受用保持器及びその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
円筒ころ、円錐ころ、針状ころ、球面ころ等を転動体として用いるころ軸受は、球軸受に比べて、負荷容量が大きく、剛性も高いので、大きい荷重の加わる回転支持部に好適に用いられる。中でも、円錐台形状のころを組み込んだ円錐ころ軸受は、ラジアル荷重とスラスト荷重との荷重を支持できる上、耐荷重も大きいため、自動車、鉄道車両、各種機械装置等における駆動装置、減速装置、車軸部分等に多く使用されている。
【0003】
図8に示すように、円錐ころ軸受(1)は、外周面にテーパ状の内輪軌道(2a)を設けた内輪(2)と、内周面にテーパ状の外輪軌道(3a)を設けた外輪(3)とが同軸芯上に配置されて、内輪軌道(2a)及び外輪軌道(3a)間に配置した複数の円錐ころ(4)が、両輪(2)(3)間に組み込まれた保持器(5)により転動自在に保持されている。
【0004】
図9に示すように、保持器(5)は、例えば上端側に設けられた大径の円環部(5a)と、下端側に設けられ、かつ大径円環部(5a)と同軸芯上に配置された小径の円環部(5b)と、両円環部(5a)(5b)間を連結し、周方向に所定の間隔おきに配置された複数の柱部(5c)とを一体に有する金属製プレス成形品をもって構成されている。そして保持器(5)には、上下両円環部(5a)(5b)と隣合う柱部(5c)とに囲まれた矩形状の複数のポケット孔(6)が周方向に所定の間隔おきに設けられ、ころ(6)が、各ポケット孔(6)にそれぞれ転動自在に収容されて保持されるよう構成されている。
【0005】
通常、このような金属製の円錐ころ軸受用保持器(5)は、金属板をプレス加工して得られるプレス成形品をもって構成されている。ちなみに、この保持器用プレス成形品の金属板素材としては、SPCC(JIS規格:冷延鋼板)、SPHC(JIS規格:熱延鋼板)、SPB1やSPB2(BAS規格(日本ベアリング工業界規格):低炭素鋼板)等の鋼板が用いられている。
【0006】
プレス加工によって、上記円錐ころ軸受用保持器(5)を製造する場合には、例えば下記特許文献1に示すように、鋼板素材を打ち抜いて得られたブランク品を、絞り加工等のプレス加工により、周壁にテーパを有する略筒状の絞り製品を得る。続いて、この絞り製品の周壁を、打ち抜いて、方形状のポケット孔(6)を形成するとともに、下壁を打ち抜いて小径円環部(5b)を形成し、更に上端縁部を切削加工して、平坦な大径円環部(5a)を形成するものである。その後、この中間製品に対し、プレス加工時のバリを除去するために、ブラスト加工やバレル加工を行って保持器(5)を得るものである。
【0007】
なお、バリ除去用のブラスト加工としては、鋳鉄を粉砕したグリッドを保持器全体に投射して、バリを除去するようにしたグリッドブラスト法や、鋼線を短く切断したショットを、保持器全体に投射するようにしたショットブラスト法等が採用されている。
【0008】
【特許文献1】
特開平8−326761号(第1欄37行−3欄1行、図5)
【0009】
【特許文献2】
特公昭48−7972号(特許請求の範囲、第1−2図)
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記保持器(5)を有する円錐ころ軸受(1)は、稼働回転時の振動による荷重が保持器(5)に加わるが、この荷重による応力は、保持器(5)におけるポケット孔(6)の隅角部(6a)に集中して発生する。そしてこの応力集中により、隅角部(6a)にその隅角部(6a)を拡径させるような引張力が繰り返し発生して、疲労破壊が発生する。これにより、例えば隅角部(6a)を起点とするクラックが発生したり、場合によっては、そのクラックが大きく成長して保持器自体を破損させてしまうという問題があった。特に鉄道車両用軸受の技術分野においては、高速化に伴う使用条件の過酷化、労働力削減に伴うメンテナンスの簡略化等により、耐疲労破壊性の向上による疲労寿命強度の向上が可及的に求められている。
【0011】
一方、この疲労破壊問題に対し、従来より、以下に示すような対策が検討されている。
【0012】
例えば鋼板素材として板厚の厚いものを使用して、保持器全体の肉厚を厚くすることにより、耐疲労破壊性の向上を図る技術が検討されている。しかしながら、肉厚を厚くすると、高重量化により、回転トルクが増大して、良好な回転特性を得ることができず、更にプレス加工も困難になり、製造コストも上昇するという問題が発生する。
【0013】
また鋼板素材として、高炭素鋼板等の強度の高い材料を使用する案も検討されているが、そうすると、プレス成形時にクラックが生じたり、製品として必要な寸法精度に絞り加工することができない等、加工上の問題が発生する。
【0014】
更に上記特許文献2に示すように、保持器に急速加熱焼き入れ等の熱処理を施し、保持器の強度を増大させる方法も開発されている。
【0015】
しかしながら、この方法においては、保持器の組付作業をスムーズに行えないという問題が発生する。すなわち、通常の軸受組立作業は、保持器をその柱部をあらかじめ外側に押し広げるように変形させておき、その状態で、保持器を内輪に嵌め込むとともに、保持器の各ポケット孔にころを収納した後、保持器の柱部を加締めて、保持器及びころの抜止めを図り、その後、外輪を嵌め込むようにして組み立てるようにしている。しかしながら、保持器が熱処理によって高強度に構成されていると、保持器の柱部を加締める際に、割れが生じて破損してしまう恐れがある。その上更に、保持器を熱処理した際に、真円度等の寸法精度が低下して、品質が低下する恐れも懸念される。
【0016】
上記以外にも、保持器のポケット孔における隅角部の曲率半径を大きくして、隅角部に応力が集中するのを防止する案も検討されているが、そうすると、隅角部の曲率半径に合わせて、円錐ころの角部を大きく面取りする必要があり、ころの保持器に対する有効接触面積が減少して、耐久寿命の低下等を来す恐れがある。
【0017】
この発明は、上記の事情に鑑みてなされたもので、寸法精度の低下等を防止して、高品質を得ることができ、更に軸受への組付作業を容易に行えるとともに、耐疲労破壊性の向上により、疲労寿命を向上できる上、低コストで簡単に製造できるころ軸受用保持器及びその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0018】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、本第1発明は、軸受の内輪及び外輪間に沿って配置され、かつころを収容するための方形状の複数のポケット孔が周方向に間隔をおいて形成された環状のころ軸受用保持器であって、前記ポケット孔の隅角部に圧縮残留応力が付与されてなるものを要旨としている。
【0019】
本第1発明のころ軸受用保持器においては、ころ保持用ポケット孔の隅角部に圧縮残留応力を付与するものであるため、隅角部の耐疲労破壊性を向上させることができる。従って軸受組付状態において、稼働回転時の振動荷重による応力によって、ポケット孔の隅角部に引張力が繰り返し発生したとしても、隅角部にクラックが発生するのを有効に防止することができる。
【0020】
また本発明の保持器においては、鋼板素材として厚板のものを用いる必要がないため、軽量化を図ることができ、回転トルクを小さくできて、安定した回転性能を得ることができる。
【0021】
更に本発明の保持器においては、鋼板素材として高炭素鋼板等の強度の高い材料を用いる必要がないため、プレス加工も精度良く簡単に行うことができる。
【0022】
更に本発明の保持器においては、製造過程において熱処理を行う必要がないため、その熱処理に伴う寸法精度の低下や軸受組付時の割れ等を防止することができ、より高い品質を得ることができるとともに、軸受組立作業を、より確実に行うことができる。
【0023】
本第1発明においては、前記圧縮残留応力が、表面深さ50〜200μmの範囲で、200〜600Mpaに設定されてなる構成を採用するのが好ましい。
【0024】
すなわちこの構成を採用する場合、耐疲労破壊性の向上を、より確実に図ることができる。
【0025】
本第1発明の保持器は、上記したように耐疲労破壊性に優れるものであるため、特に高速化や耐久性が強く求められる鉄道車両用の円錐ころ軸受に好適に採用することができる。
【0026】
すなわち本第1発明は、上記第1発明のころ軸受用保持器であって、軸心方向の一端側が、他端側に対し径寸法が大きい円錐ころ軸受用保持器として形成されてなる構成を採用するのが良い。
【0027】
一方、本第2発明は、上記第1発明のころ軸受用保持器を製造するための方法を特定するものである。
【0028】
すなわち本第2発明は、軸受の内輪及び外輪間に、周方向に間隔をおいて配置される複数のころを保持するためのころ軸受用保持器の製造方法であって、前記ころを収容するための方形状の複数のポケット孔が周方向に間隔をおいて形成された環状の中間製品を得る工程と、前記中間製品における前記ポケット孔の隅角部に圧縮残留応力を付与する工程とを含むものを要旨としている。
【0029】
この発明の製法においては、上記の作用効果を有する第1発明のころ軸受用保持器を確実に製造することができる。
【0030】
本第2発明は、上記第1発明と同様、前記圧縮残留応力を付与する工程において、表面深さ50〜200μmの範囲で、200〜600Mpaの圧縮残留応力を付与する構成を採用するのが好ましい。
【0031】
本第2発明においては、前記圧縮残留応力を、ショットピーニング加工により付与する構成を採用するのが良い。
【0032】
すなわちこの構成を採用する場合には、上記圧縮残留応力を、より確実に付与することができる。
【0033】
本第2発明においては、前記ショットピーニング加工において、投射速度を40〜80m/secに設定する構成を採用するのが望ましい。
【0034】
すなわちこの構成を採用する場合には、上記圧縮残留応力を、より一層確実に付与することができる。
【0035】
本第2発明においては、上記と同様、前記ころ軸受用保持器として、軸心方向の一端側が、他端側に対し径寸法が大きい円錐ころ軸受用保持器を製造する構成を採用するのが、より一層好ましい。
【0036】
なお本発明において、圧縮残留応力は、例えばX線残留応力測定法等によって測定することができる。
【0037】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1ないし図4はこの発明の実施形態である円錐ころ軸受用保持器(10)を示す図である。これらの図に示すように、この保持器(10)は、軸芯方向の一端側(上端側)及び他端側(下端側)に設けられた円環部(11)(12)と、両円環部(11)(12)を連結し、かつ周方向に沿って所定の間隔おきに並列状に配置された複数の柱部(15)とを一体に具備する鋼板製のプレス成形品をもって構成されている。上端の円環部(11)と下端の円環部(12)とは同軸芯上に配置されるとともに、上端の円環部(11)は下端の円環部(12)に対し径寸法が大きく形成されている。更にこの保持器(10)には、隣合う柱部(15)及び上下両円環部(11)(12)によって囲まれた方形状の複数のポケット孔(16)が周方向に所定間隔おきに設けられている。
【0038】
なお、この保持器(10)は、後に詳述するように、ポケット孔(16)における内周縁の隅角部(16a)に圧縮残留応力が付与されている。
【0039】
この保持器(10)を製造するには、まず鋼板素材を打ち抜いてブランク製品を得、そのブランク製品に絞り加工を施して、周壁にテーパを有する略筒状の絞り製品を得る。
【0040】
続いて、この絞り製品の周壁を、周方向に所定間隔おきに順次打ち抜いていき、方形状のポケット孔(16)を形成するとともに、下壁を打ち抜いて下端側の小径円環部(12)を形成する。更に上端縁部を切削加工して、上端側の平坦な大径円環部(11)を形成するものである。
【0041】
その後、この中間製品に対し、全域にブラスト加工等を施してプレス加工時のバリを除去する。
【0042】
こうしてバリを除去した中間製品において、各ポケット孔(16)における内周縁の隅角部(16a)に、ショットピーニング加工を施して圧縮残留応力を付与する。
【0043】
本実施形態において、ショットピーニング加工は、金属製の小球(スチールボール)を加速して、保持器(10)の隅角部(16a)に打ち付ける操作であり、ショットのつち打ち作用によって、隅角部(16a)の表面に塑性変形を起こさせて、圧縮の残留応力を持った硬化表面層を形成するものである。
【0044】
また本実施形態において、後の実験例から明らかなように、上記圧縮残留応力は、表面深さが50〜200μmの範囲、特に下限が80μm以上で、200〜600MPa、特に上限が500MPa以下に設定するのが好ましい。すなわち圧縮残留応力が小さ過ぎる場合には、軸受使用時の衝撃荷重による保持器(10)の引張応力を緩和する効果が低くなり、十分な耐疲労破壊性を得ることが困難になる恐れがある。逆に、圧縮残留応力が大き過ぎる場合には、ショットピーニング加工による打痕が保持器表面に必要以上が形成されて、軸受使用時にころ(20)との接触摩擦抵抗が増大する等の不具合が発生する恐れがある。
【0045】
本実施形態において、ショットピーニング加工は、以下の諸条件で行うのが良い。スチールボールの大きさは、直径φが0.4〜0.6mmのもの、より好ましくは下限値が0.45mm以上、上限値が0.55mm以下のものを使用するのが良い。
【0046】
スチールボールの硬度(HRC)は、35〜60のもの、より好ましくは下限値が45以上、上限値が50以下のものを使用するのが良い。
【0047】
更にスチールボールの投射速度は、40〜80m/sec、より好ましくは、下限値を50m/sec以上、上限値を70m/sec以下に設定するのが良い。
【0048】
これらの条件を満たす場合には、上記した耐疲労破壊性の向上を、より確実に図ることができる。例えばスチールボールの投射速度が小さ過ぎる場合には、圧縮残留応力を十分に付与することができず、逆に大き過ぎる場合には、ショットピーニングによる打痕が保持器表面に必要以上形成されて、軸受使用時にころ(20)との接触摩擦抵抗が増大する等の不具合が発生する恐れがある。
【0049】
本実施形態においては、各ポケット孔(16)における4つの隅角部(16a)の全てに、ショットピーニング加工による圧縮残留応力を付与するものである。4つの隅角部全てにショットピーニング加工を行う方法としては、図2及び図3に示すように投射装置におけるワーク設置用回転台(51)上に、保持器(10)をその大径円環部(11)を上側にして設置する。更に同図実線に示すように、投射装置の投射口(52)を中心投射ライン(O)から一側方に、小径円環部(12)の半径(R2)分だけ位置をずらせて配置するとともに、図2に示すように投射口(52)を所定の水平角度(θ)を持たせて配置する。こうして、投射口(52)を、ポケット孔(16)における小径円環部(12)側の2つの隅角部(16a)のうち、回転台(51)の回転方向側の隅角部(小径一方側隅角部)に対向させて配置する。この状態で、回転台(51)と共に保持器(10)を回転させながら、投射口(52)からショット(S)を投射する。これにより、保持器(10)の各ポケット孔(16)における小径一方側隅角部(16a)の全てに圧縮残留応力を付与する。
【0050】
次に図2の想像線に示すように、投射装置の投射口(52)を中心投射ライン(O)から他側方に、小径円環部(12)の半径(R2)分だけ位置をずらせて配置して、投射口(52)を、ポケット孔(16)における小径円環部(12)側の2つの隅角部(16a)のうち、回転台(51)の回転方向に対し反対側の隅角部(小径他方側隅角部)に対向させて配置する。その状態で、保持器(10)を回転させながら、ショット(S)を投射することにより、保持器(10)の各ポケット孔(16)における小径他方側隅角部(16a)の全てに圧縮残留応力を付与する。
【0051】
次に図4の実線に示すように、保持器(10)を反転させて、保持器(10)をその小径円環部(12)を上側にして回転台(51)上に設置する。更に投射口(52)を中心投射ライン(O)から一側方に、上大径環部(11)の半径(R1)分だけ位置をずらせて配置して、投射口(52)を、ポケット孔(16)における大径円環部(11)側の2つの隅角部(16a)のうち、回転台(51)の回転方向側の隅角部(大径一方側隅角部)に対向させて配置する。その状態で、保持器(10)を回転させながら、ショット(S)を投射することにより、保持器(10)の各ポケット孔(16)における大径一方側隅角部(16a)の全てに圧縮残留応力を付与する。
【0052】
そして最後に図4の想像線に示すように、投射口(52)を中心投射ライン(O)から他側方に、大径円環部(11)の半径(R1)分だけ位置をずらせて配置して、投射口(52)を、ポケット孔(16)における大径円環部(11)側の2つの隅角部(16a)のうち、回転台(51)の回転方向に対し反対側の隅角部(大径他方側隅角部)に対向させて配置する。その状態で、保持器(10)を回転させながら、ショット(S)を投射することにより、保持器(10)の各ポケット孔(16)における大径他方側隅角部(16a)の全てに圧縮残留応力を付与する。
【0053】
このようにして、保持器(10)の各ポケット孔(16)における4つの隅角部(16a)の全てに均等にバランス良く圧縮残留応力を確実に付与するものである。
【0054】
こうして形成された本実施形態の保持器(10)は、上記従来技術と同様に、軸受に組み付けられるものである。
【0055】
すなわち、保持器(10)を内輪に嵌め込むとともに、各ポケット孔(16)にころ(20)を収納した後、保持器(10)の柱部(15)を加締めて、保持器(10)及びころ(20)の抜止めを図り、その状態で、外輪を嵌め込むようにして組み立てるものである。
【0056】
以上のように、本実施形態の保持器(10)によれば、各ポケット孔(16)の隅角部(16a)に圧縮残留応力が付与されるものであるため、その隅角部(16a)、ひいては保持器全体の耐疲労破壊性を向上させることができる。このため、この保持器(10)が組み込まれた軸受において、稼働回転時の振動荷重による応力によって、保持器(10)におけるポケット孔(16)の隅角部(16a)に引張力及び圧縮力が繰り返し発生したとしても、隅角部(16a)にクラックが発生するのを防止できて、保持器自体の破損を防止でき、疲労寿命強度を向上させることができる。
【0057】
また本実施形態の保持器(10)は、鋼板素材として厚板のものを用いるものではないため、軽量化を図ることができ、回転トルクを小さくできて、安定した回転性能を得ることができる。
【0058】
更に鋼板素材として高炭素鋼板等の強度の高い材料を用いるものではないため、プレス加工を精度良く簡単に行うことができ、製造効率を向上させることができ、コストの削減を図ることができる。
【0059】
更に製造過程において熱処理を行うものではないため、その熱処理に伴う寸法精度の低下や軸受組付時の割れ等を防止することができ、より高い品質を得ることができるとともに、軸受組立作業を、より確実に行うことができる。
【0060】
しかも、ポケット孔(16)における隅角部(16a)の曲率半径を大きくする必要もないので、円錐ころ(20)の保持器(10)に対する有効接触面積を十分に確保することができ、より一層耐久寿命を向上させることができ、回転特性を向上できて、より一層高い品質を得ることができる。
【0061】
なお、上記実施形態においては、保持器(10)のポケット孔(16)における隅角部(16a)のみに、圧縮残留応力を付与するように構成しているが、本発明はそれだけに限られず、隅角部以外の部分にも圧縮残留応力を付与しても良い。
【0062】
更に上記実施形態においては、各ポケット孔(16)の全ての隅角部(16a)に圧縮圧縮応力を付与するようにしているが、本発明はそれだけに限られず、1以上の隅角部に圧縮残留応力を付与すれば良く、例えば小径円環部(12)側の2つの隅角部のみに、圧縮残留応力を付与するようにしても良い。
【0063】
【実施例】
<実施例>
上記実施形態の製法に準拠して、外径φ194mm、高さ66mm、板厚5.5mmの円錐ころ軸受用保持器(10)を作製した。
【0064】
なお、ショットピーニング加工においては、直径φが0.5mm、硬度がHRC45〜50のスチールボールを、60m/secの投射速度で投射して、各ポケット孔(16)の全ての隅角部(16a)に圧縮残留応力を付与した。
【0065】
こうして得られた実施例の保持器(10)のポケット孔(16)における隅角部(16a)の圧縮残留応力を測定した。この測定は、表面を削りながら、表面深さに対する応力分布を測定した。すなわち電解研磨により、約25〜30μmずつ表面を削りながら、その都度、X線残留応力測定装置により応力を測定した。その結果を下表1に示す。なお同表中の「−(マイナス)」は、圧縮方向であることを示す(以下の表2、図5においても同じ)。
【0066】
【表1】

Figure 0004271963
【0067】
<比較例>
ショットピーニング加工を行わないこと以外は、上記の実施例と同様に、円錐ころ軸受用保持器を作製し、同様に圧縮残留応力を測定した。その結果を下表2に示す。
【0068】
【表2】
Figure 0004271963
【0069】
上記実施例及び比較例における圧縮残留応力の測定値をグラフ化したものを図5に示す。同グラフから明らかなように、本発明に関連した実施例の保持器では、表面深さが0〜200μmの範囲で、200〜600MPa、特に上限が500MPa以下の応力を有しているのに対し、比較例の保持器では、表面深さが約50μm以下の部分に応力が集中しており、約50μm以上、特に80μm以上の部分では応力がほとんど発生していないのが判る。
【0070】
<落下衝撃による歪み試験>
上記実施例及び比較例の保持器をそれぞれ用いて、外径φ220mm、内径φ120mm、高さ155mm、重量約25kgの複列型円錐ころ軸受(P1)をそれぞれ組み立てた。
【0071】
更に各軸受を図6に示す装置を用いて落下試験をそれぞれ行った。この装置は、基台(60)に、ワーク設置用の昇降体(61)がガイド柱(62)を介して昇降自在に設けられるものであり、図示しない駆動手段によって、昇降体(61)を所定高さまで上昇させた後、昇降体(61)を自重によって基台(60)に落下衝突させ得るよう構成されている。
【0072】
そして、この装置の昇降体(61)に、軸受(P1)をその軸芯を水平方向と平行に配置した状態で固定し、落下距離80mmで毎分55回のサイクルで、昇降体(61)及び軸受(P1)を基台(60)上に繰り返し落下させた。
【0073】
なお、この落下衝撃試験を行うに際しては、図7に示すように、各軸受(P1)の保持器(10)の最上端部(上側)において、大径円環部(11)におけるポケット孔(16)の中央位置(大径円環部中央位置:LC)と、大径円環部(11)におけるポケット孔(16)の隅角部(大径円環部隅位置:LR)と、小径円環部(12)におけるポケット孔(16)の中央位置(小径円環部中央位置:SC)と、小径円環部(12)におけるポケット孔(16)の隅角部(小径円環部隅位置:SR)とに歪みゲージ(65)をそれぞれ貼り付けるとともに、保持器(10)の最下端部(下側)において、大径円環部(11)におけるポケット孔(16)の中央位置(大径円環部中央位置:LC)と、大径円環部(11)におけるポケット孔(16)の隅角部(大径円環部隅位置:LR)と、小径円環部(12)におけるポケット孔(16)の中央位置(小径円環部中央位置:SC)と、小径円環部(11)におけるポケット孔(16)の隅角部(小径円環部隅位置:SR)とに歪みゲージ(65)をそれぞれ貼り付けて、各位置の歪みを測定した。
【0074】
また、歪みを測定するに際しては、落下衝撃後に最初に立ち上がる歪みピーク値を測定した。更にそれらの歪みピーク値に基づいて、実施例軸受の歪みピーク値における比較例軸受の歪みピーク値に対する減少率を求めた。その結果を下表3に示す。
【0075】
【表3】
Figure 0004271963
【0076】
表3から明らかなように、実施例軸受の歪み減少率は、比較例のものと比較して、全て減少しており、耐落下衝撃性(耐破壊性)に優れているのが判る。例えば、実施例では、最上端部での減少率を平均すると27%となり、最下端部においても10%となり、圧縮残留応力による耐破壊性の向上が認められる。
【0077】
<落下衝撃による耐久疲労試験>
上記実施例の軸受及び比較例の軸受を、上記歪み試験と同様の条件で、落下衝撃試験をそれぞれ行い、各軸受において、落下回数と割れ発生の有無との関係を測定観察した。なおこの試験は、実施例の軸受及び比較例の軸受を2つずつ準備して、それぞれサンプル1、2とし、実施例と比較例とでそれぞれ2回ずつ実施した。その結果を下表4に示す。
【0078】
【表4】
Figure 0004271963
【0079】
表4に示すように、比較例の軸受は、サンプル1では、落下回数が49.5万回で割れが発生し、サンプル2では45万回で割れが発生した。なお、この割れは、いずれも保持器の小径円環部における隅角部の位置で発生していた。
【0080】
これに対し、実施例の軸受は、サンプル1、2共に、落下回数が70万回に達しても割れが発生することはなく、70万回で試験を打ち切った。
【0081】
以上の結果より、本発明に関連した実施例の軸受用保持器は、従来品に関連した比較例の軸受用保持器に対し、落下衝撃に対する耐久性(耐疲労破壊性)に優れ、疲労寿命強度を向上させることができる。
【0082】
【発明の効果】
本第1発明のころ軸受用保持器によれば、ころ保持用ポケット孔の隅角部に圧縮残留応力を付与するものであるため、隅角部の耐疲労破壊性を向上させることができる。従って軸受組付状態において、稼働回転時の振動荷重による応力によって、ポケット孔の隅角部に引張力が繰り返し発生したとしても、隅角部にクラックが発生するのを防止できて、保持器自体の破損を防止でき、疲労寿命強度を向上させることができる。また本発明の保持器は、厚板や高強度の素材を用いる必要もないので、軽量化及び加工寸法精度の向上等を図ることができ、高い品質を得ることができるとともに、生産効率の向上及びコストの削減を図ることができる。更に製造過程において熱処理を行うものではないため、熱処理に伴う寸法精度の低下や軸受組付時の割れ等を防止することができ、より高い品質を得ることができるとともに、軸受組立作業を、より確実に行うことができるという利点がある。
【0083】
本第2発明は、上記第1発明のころ軸受用保持器における製造方法を特定するものであるため、上記同様の効果を有する保持器を確実に製造することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】この発明の実施形態である円錐ころ軸受用保持器の一側部を示す図であって、同図(a)は断面図、同図(b)は平面図である。
【図2】実施形態の保持器を示す平面図である。
【図3】実施形態の保持器におけるショットピーニング加工を施す状態での側面図である。
【図4】実施形態の保持器を示す底面図である。
【図5】実施形態の保持器におけるポケット孔隅角部の表面深さと応力との関係を示すグラフである。
【図6】実施例の保持器が設置された落下衝撃試験装置を模式的に示す正面図である。
【図7】実施例の保持器におけるポケット孔周辺を拡大して示す側面図である。
【図8】従来における円錐ころ軸受の一側部を示す断面図である。
【図9】従来の円錐ころ軸受用保持器を示す斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
10…保持器
16…ポケット孔
16a…隅角部
20…ころ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a roller bearing retainer for holding a plurality of rollers in a roller bearing, for example, a tapered roller bearing or the like, provided in a rotating mechanism portion of various mechanical devices, and a manufacturing method thereof.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A roller bearing using a cylindrical roller, a tapered roller, a needle roller, a spherical roller, or the like as a rolling element has a larger load capacity and higher rigidity than a ball bearing, and is therefore suitably used for a rotation support portion to which a large load is applied. . Among them, the tapered roller bearing incorporating the truncated cone roller can support the load of radial load and thrust load, and has a large load resistance. It is often used for axle parts.
[0003]
As shown in FIG. 8, the tapered roller bearing (1) has an inner ring (2) provided with a tapered inner ring raceway (2a) on the outer peripheral surface, and a tapered outer ring raceway (3a) provided on the inner peripheral surface. A plurality of tapered rollers (4) disposed between the inner ring raceway (2a) and the outer ring raceway (3a) are incorporated between both wheels (2) and (3). It is held by a cage (5) so as to roll freely.
[0004]
As shown in FIG. 9, the cage (5) includes, for example, a large-diameter annular part (5a) provided on the upper end side, and a coaxial core with the large-diameter annular part (5a) provided on the lower end side. A small-diameter annular part (5b) arranged on the upper side and a plurality of pillar parts (5c) arranged between the annular parts (5a) and (5b) and arranged at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction. It is composed of a metal press-molded product that is integrally formed. The cage (5) has a plurality of rectangular pocket holes (6) surrounded by the upper and lower circular parts (5a) (5b) and the adjacent column part (5c) at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction. The roller (6) is provided at intervals, and is configured to be accommodated and held in each pocket hole (6) so as to be freely rollable.
[0005]
Usually, such a metal tapered roller bearing retainer (5) is constituted by a press-molded product obtained by pressing a metal plate. By the way, as the metal plate material of the press molded product for this cage, SPCC (JIS standard: cold-rolled steel plate), SPHC (JIS standard: hot-rolled steel plate), SPB1 and SPB2 (BAS standard (Japanese bearing industry standard): Low Steel plates such as carbon steel plates are used.
[0006]
When manufacturing the above-mentioned tapered roller bearing retainer (5) by pressing, for example, as shown in Patent Document 1 below, a blank obtained by punching a steel plate material is subjected to pressing such as drawing. A substantially cylindrical drawn product having a taper on the peripheral wall is obtained. Subsequently, the peripheral wall of the drawn product is punched to form a rectangular pocket hole (6), the lower wall is punched to form a small-diameter annular portion (5b), and the upper edge is cut. Thus, a flat large-diameter annular portion (5a) is formed. Then, in order to remove the burr | flash at the time of a press process with respect to this intermediate product, a blast process and a barrel process are performed and a holder | retainer (5) is obtained.
[0007]
In addition, as blasting for removing burrs, a grid blasting method in which a cast iron crushed grid is projected on the entire cage to remove burrs, and shots in which steel wires are cut short are applied to the entire cage. A shot blasting method or the like adapted to project is employed.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-8-326761 (first column 37 line-3 column 1 line, FIG. 5)
[0009]
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-7972 (Claims, Fig. 1-2)
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the tapered roller bearing (1) having the cage (5), a load due to vibration during operation rotation is applied to the cage (5), and the stress due to this load is applied to the pocket hole (6) in the cage (5). It is concentrated on the corner (6a). Due to this stress concentration, a tensile force for expanding the corner portion (6a) is repeatedly generated at the corner portion (6a), and fatigue failure occurs. Thereby, for example, there is a problem that a crack starting from the corner (6a) is generated, or in some cases, the crack grows large and damages the cage itself. In particular, in the technical field of bearings for railway vehicles, the fatigue life strength can be improved by improving fatigue fracture resistance as much as possible by increasing the use conditions accompanying higher speeds and simplifying maintenance due to labor reduction. It has been demanded.
[0011]
On the other hand, the following countermeasures have been studied for this fatigue fracture problem.
[0012]
For example, a technique for improving fatigue fracture resistance by using a thick steel plate as a steel plate material and increasing the thickness of the entire cage has been studied. However, when the wall thickness is increased, the rotational torque increases due to the increase in weight, resulting in a problem that good rotational characteristics cannot be obtained, press working becomes difficult, and the manufacturing cost increases.
[0013]
In addition, as a steel plate material, a proposal to use a high-strength material such as a high-carbon steel plate is also being considered, but if so, cracks may occur during press molding, and the product cannot be drawn to the required dimensional accuracy, Processing problems occur.
[0014]
Further, as shown in Patent Document 2, a method has been developed in which the cage is subjected to heat treatment such as rapid heating and quenching to increase the strength of the cage.
[0015]
However, this method has a problem that the assembly work of the cage cannot be performed smoothly. That is, in normal bearing assembly work, the cage is deformed so that its pillar portion is pushed outward in advance, and in that state, the cage is fitted into the inner ring and rollers are inserted into the pocket holes of the cage. After the storage, the pillar portion of the cage is swaged to prevent the cage and the rollers from being pulled out, and then assembled by fitting the outer ring. However, when the cage is configured to have high strength by heat treatment, there is a risk of cracking and breakage when caulking the column portion of the cage. Furthermore, when the cage is heat-treated, there is a concern that the dimensional accuracy such as roundness may decrease and the quality may deteriorate.
[0016]
In addition to the above, a method for preventing the stress from concentrating on the corner by increasing the radius of curvature of the corner of the cage pocket hole has been studied. Accordingly, the corners of the tapered rollers need to be chamfered greatly, and the effective contact area of the rollers with the cage may be reduced, resulting in a decrease in the durability life.
[0017]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, can prevent deterioration in dimensional accuracy, etc., can obtain high quality, can be easily assembled to a bearing, and is resistant to fatigue fracture. It is an object of the present invention to provide a roller bearing retainer that can improve fatigue life and can be easily manufactured at low cost, and a method for manufacturing the same.
[0018]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of rectangular pocket holes are arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring of the bearing and spaced apart in the circumferential direction to accommodate the rollers. The gist of the present invention is an annular roller bearing retainer in which compressive residual stress is applied to the corners of the pocket holes.
[0019]
In the roller bearing cage according to the first aspect of the present invention, since compressive residual stress is applied to the corner portion of the roller holding pocket hole, the fatigue fracture resistance of the corner portion can be improved. Therefore, even when a tensile force is repeatedly generated in the corner portion of the pocket hole due to the stress caused by the vibration load during the operation rotation in the bearing assembled state, it is possible to effectively prevent the corner portion from cracking. .
[0020]
Further, in the cage of the present invention, it is not necessary to use a thick steel plate as the steel plate material, so that weight reduction can be achieved, rotational torque can be reduced, and stable rotational performance can be obtained.
[0021]
Furthermore, in the cage of the present invention, it is not necessary to use a high-strength material such as a high carbon steel plate as the steel plate material, and therefore press working can be easily performed with high accuracy.
[0022]
Furthermore, in the cage of the present invention, since it is not necessary to perform a heat treatment in the manufacturing process, it is possible to prevent a decrease in dimensional accuracy associated with the heat treatment, a crack at the time of bearing assembly, and obtain higher quality. In addition, the bearing assembly work can be performed more reliably.
[0023]
In this 1st invention, it is preferable to employ | adopt the structure by which the said compression residual stress is set to 200-600 Mpa in the range of surface depth 50-200 micrometers.
[0024]
That is, when this configuration is adopted, the fatigue fracture resistance can be improved more reliably.
[0025]
Since the cage of the first aspect of the present invention is excellent in fatigue fracture resistance as described above, it can be suitably used for a tapered roller bearing for railway vehicles in which high speed and durability are particularly demanded.
[0026]
That is, this 1st invention is a roller bearing retainer of the said 1st invention, Comprising: The one end side of an axial center direction is formed as a tapered roller bearing retainer with a large diameter dimension with respect to the other end side. It is good to adopt.
[0027]
On the other hand, this 2nd invention specifies the method for manufacturing the roller bearing retainer of the said 1st invention.
[0028]
That is, this 2nd invention is a manufacturing method of a roller bearing retainer for holding a plurality of rollers arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction between an inner ring and an outer ring of a bearing, and contains the rollers. A step of obtaining an annular intermediate product having a plurality of rectangular pocket holes formed at intervals in the circumferential direction, and a step of applying compressive residual stress to the corners of the pocket holes in the intermediate product The summary is included.
[0029]
In the production method of the present invention, the roller bearing retainer of the first invention having the above-described effects can be reliably produced.
[0030]
As in the first aspect, the second aspect of the present invention preferably employs a configuration in which a compressive residual stress of 200 to 600 MPa is applied in the surface depth range of 50 to 200 μm in the step of applying the compressive residual stress. .
[0031]
In this 2nd invention, it is good to employ | adopt the structure which provides the said compressive residual stress by a shot peening process.
[0032]
That is, when adopting this configuration, the compressive residual stress can be more reliably applied.
[0033]
In the second aspect of the invention, it is desirable to employ a configuration in which the projection speed is set to 40 to 80 m / sec in the shot peening process.
[0034]
That is, when adopting this configuration, the compressive residual stress can be applied more reliably.
[0035]
In the second aspect of the invention, as described above, the roller bearing retainer is configured to manufacture a tapered roller bearing retainer having one end side in the axial direction larger in diameter than the other end side. Is even more preferable.
[0036]
In the present invention, the compressive residual stress can be measured by, for example, an X-ray residual stress measurement method.
[0037]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1 to 4 are views showing a tapered roller bearing retainer (10) according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in these drawings, the cage (10) includes an annular portion (11) (12) provided on one end side (upper end side) and the other end side (lower end side) in the axial direction, A press-formed product made of a steel plate integrally connecting a plurality of column portions (15) that connect the annular portions (11) and (12) and are arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction. It is configured. The upper ring part (11) and the lower ring part (12) are arranged on the same axis, and the upper ring part (11) has a diameter dimension relative to the lower ring part (12). Largely formed. Further, the cage (10) has a plurality of rectangular pocket holes (16) surrounded by adjacent column parts (15) and upper and lower circular parts (11), (12) at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction. Is provided.
[0038]
In addition, as this retainer (10) explains in full detail later, the compressive residual stress is provided to the corner | angular part (16a) of the inner periphery in a pocket hole (16).
[0039]
In order to manufacture this cage (10), first, a blank product is obtained by punching a steel plate material, and the blank product is drawn to obtain a substantially cylindrical drawn product having a taper on the peripheral wall.
[0040]
Subsequently, the peripheral wall of the drawn product is sequentially punched at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction to form rectangular pocket holes (16), and the lower wall is punched to form a small-diameter annular portion (12) on the lower end side. Form. Further, the upper edge portion is cut to form a flat large-diameter annular portion (11) on the upper end side.
[0041]
Thereafter, the intermediate product is subjected to blasting or the like over the entire area to remove burrs during the press processing.
[0042]
In the intermediate product from which the burrs have been removed in this way, a compressive residual stress is applied by performing shot peening on the corners (16a) of the inner peripheral edge of each pocket hole (16).
[0043]
In this embodiment, the shot peening process is an operation of accelerating a metal small ball (steel ball) and hitting the corner (16a) of the cage (10). The surface of the corner (16a) is plastically deformed to form a hardened surface layer having compressive residual stress.
[0044]
In the present embodiment, as will be apparent from the following experimental examples, the compressive residual stress is set to a surface depth in the range of 50 to 200 μm, in particular, a lower limit of 80 μm or more, 200 to 600 MPa, and an upper limit of 500 MPa or less. It is preferable to do this. That is, when the compressive residual stress is too small, the effect of relaxing the tensile stress of the cage (10) due to the impact load when using the bearing is reduced, and it may be difficult to obtain sufficient fatigue fracture resistance. . On the other hand, when the compressive residual stress is too large, the shot peening process causes more dents on the surface of the cage, resulting in problems such as increased contact friction resistance with the roller (20) when the bearing is used. May occur.
[0045]
In the present embodiment, the shot peening process is preferably performed under the following conditions. The steel ball having a diameter φ of 0.4 to 0.6 mm, more preferably a lower limit of 0.45 mm or more and an upper limit of 0.55 mm or less is preferably used.
[0046]
The steel ball has a hardness (HRC) of 35-60, more preferably a lower limit of 45 or more and an upper limit of 50 or less.
[0047]
Further, the steel ball projection speed is preferably set to 40 to 80 m / sec, more preferably, the lower limit value is set to 50 m / sec or more and the upper limit value is set to 70 m / sec or less.
[0048]
When these conditions are satisfied, the above-described fatigue fracture resistance can be improved more reliably. For example, when the projection speed of the steel ball is too low, the compressive residual stress cannot be sufficiently applied. On the other hand, when the steel ball is too high, shot peening dents are formed more than necessary on the cage surface, When using the bearing, there is a risk that problems such as increased contact frictional resistance with the roller (20) may occur.
[0049]
In this embodiment, compressive residual stress by shot peening is applied to all four corners (16a) in each pocket hole (16). As a method of performing shot peening on all four corners, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a holder (10) is placed on a rotating table (51) for workpiece installation in a projection device, and a large-diameter ring. Install with the part (11) facing up. Further, as shown by the solid line in the figure, the projection port (52) of the projection device is arranged at a position shifted from the central projection line (O) by one side by the radius (R2) of the small-diameter annular portion (12). In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the projection port (52) is arranged with a predetermined horizontal angle (θ). In this way, the projection port (52) has a corner portion (small diameter) on the rotational direction side of the turntable (51) among the two corner portions (16a) on the small diameter annular portion (12) side in the pocket hole (16). It is arranged so as to face the one side corner. In this state, the shot (S) is projected from the projection port (52) while rotating the cage (10) together with the turntable (51). Thereby, compressive residual stress is provided to all of the small-diameter one-side corners (16a) in the pocket holes (16) of the cage (10).
[0050]
Next, as shown in the imaginary line in FIG. 2, the projection port (52) of the projection device is shifted from the central projection line (O) to the other side by the radius (R2) of the small-diameter annular portion (12). Of the two corners (16a) on the small-diameter ring part (12) side of the pocket hole (16) on the opposite side to the rotation direction of the turntable (51). It arrange | positions facing the corner part (small-diameter other side corner part). In this state, the shot (S) is projected while rotating the cage (10), thereby compressing all of the small-diameter other side corners (16a) in the pocket holes (16) of the cage (10). Apply residual stress.
[0051]
Next, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 4, the cage (10) is inverted, and the cage (10) is placed on the turntable (51) with the small-diameter annular portion (12) facing upward. Further, the projection port (52) is arranged at one side from the central projection line (O) by shifting the position by the radius (R1) of the upper large-diameter ring portion (11), and the projection port (52) is placed in the pocket. Of the two corners (16a) on the large-diameter annular part (11) side in the hole (16), it faces the corner on the rotational direction side (large-diameter one side corner) of the turntable (51). Let them be arranged. In that state, by projecting a shot (S) while rotating the cage (10), the large diameter one side corner (16a) in each pocket hole (16) of the cage (10) is projected. Apply compressive residual stress.
[0052]
Finally, as shown by the imaginary line in FIG. 4, the projection port (52) is shifted from the central projection line (O) to the other side by the radius (R1) of the large-diameter ring portion (11). Arrange the projection port (52) on the opposite side to the rotation direction of the turntable (51) among the two corners (16a) on the large-diameter ring part (11) side in the pocket hole (16). It arrange | positions facing the corner part (large diameter other side corner part) of this. In that state, by projecting a shot (S) while rotating the cage (10), the large-diameter other side corner (16a) in each pocket hole (16) of the cage (10) is projected. Apply compressive residual stress.
[0053]
In this way, the compressive residual stress is reliably applied to all four corners (16a) in each pocket hole (16) of the cage (10) in a balanced manner.
[0054]
The cage (10) of the present embodiment formed in this way is assembled to the bearing in the same manner as in the prior art.
[0055]
That is, the cage (10) is fitted into the inner ring, and after the rollers (20) are stored in the pocket holes (16), the column portion (15) of the cage (10) is crimped, and the cage (10 ) And the roller (20), and in that state, the outer ring is fitted and assembled.
[0056]
As described above, according to the cage (10) of the present embodiment, since the compressive residual stress is applied to the corner (16a) of each pocket hole (16), the corner (16a) ) As a result, the fatigue fracture resistance of the entire cage can be improved. For this reason, in the bearing in which the cage (10) is incorporated, a tensile force and a compressive force are applied to the corner (16a) of the pocket hole (16) in the cage (10) due to the stress caused by the vibration load during operation rotation. Even if this occurs repeatedly, cracks can be prevented from occurring in the corners (16a), damage to the cage itself can be prevented, and fatigue life strength can be improved.
[0057]
Moreover, since the retainer (10) of this embodiment does not use the thing of a thick board as a steel plate raw material, it can achieve weight reduction, can reduce rotational torque, and can obtain the stable rotational performance. .
[0058]
Furthermore, since a high-strength material such as a high-carbon steel plate is not used as the steel plate material, press working can be performed easily with high accuracy, production efficiency can be improved, and cost can be reduced.
[0059]
Furthermore, since heat treatment is not performed in the manufacturing process, it is possible to prevent a decrease in dimensional accuracy associated with the heat treatment, cracking at the time of bearing assembly, etc., and obtain higher quality. This can be done more reliably.
[0060]
Moreover, since it is not necessary to increase the radius of curvature of the corner portion (16a) in the pocket hole (16), the effective contact area of the tapered roller (20) with respect to the cage (10) can be sufficiently ensured. The durability life can be further improved, the rotation characteristics can be improved, and higher quality can be obtained.
[0061]
In addition, in the said embodiment, although comprised so that a compressive residual stress may be given only to the corner | angular part (16a) in the pocket hole (16) of a holder | retainer (10), this invention is not limited only to it, You may give compressive residual stress also to parts other than a corner part.
[0062]
Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, compressive compressive stress is applied to all corners (16a) of each pocket hole (16), but the present invention is not limited to this, and compression is applied to one or more corners. The residual stress may be applied. For example, the compressive residual stress may be applied only to the two corners on the small-diameter annular portion (12) side.
[0063]
【Example】
<Example>
In accordance with the manufacturing method of the above embodiment, a tapered roller bearing cage (10) having an outer diameter of 194 mm, a height of 66 mm, and a plate thickness of 5.5 mm was produced.
[0064]
In shot peening, a steel ball having a diameter φ of 0.5 mm and a hardness of HRC 45-50 is projected at a projection speed of 60 m / sec, and all corners (16a) of each pocket hole (16) are projected. ) Was applied with compressive residual stress.
[0065]
Thus, the compressive residual stress of the corner | angular part (16a) in the pocket hole (16) of the holder | retainer (10) of the Example obtained in this way was measured. In this measurement, the stress distribution with respect to the surface depth was measured while cutting the surface. That is, the stress was measured by an X-ray residual stress measuring device each time while the surface was shaved by about 25 to 30 μm by electrolytic polishing. The results are shown in Table 1 below. In the table, “-(minus)” indicates the compression direction (the same applies to Table 2 and FIG. 5 below).
[0066]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004271963
[0067]
<Comparative example>
A tapered roller bearing retainer was produced in the same manner as in the above example except that shot peening was not performed, and the compressive residual stress was measured in the same manner. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
[0068]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004271963
[0069]
FIG. 5 shows a graph of the measured values of compressive residual stress in the above examples and comparative examples. As is apparent from the graph, the cage of the embodiment related to the present invention has a stress of 200 to 600 MPa, particularly an upper limit of 500 MPa or less in the range of the surface depth of 0 to 200 μm. In the cage of the comparative example, it can be seen that the stress is concentrated in the portion having the surface depth of about 50 μm or less, and that the stress is hardly generated in the portion of about 50 μm or more, particularly 80 μm or more.
[0070]
<Strain test by drop impact>
Double row tapered roller bearings (P1) having an outer diameter of 220 mm, an inner diameter of 120 mm, a height of 155 mm, and a weight of about 25 kg were respectively assembled using the cages of the above-mentioned examples and comparative examples.
[0071]
Further, each of the bearings was subjected to a drop test using the apparatus shown in FIG. In this apparatus, a lifting / lowering body (61) for workpiece installation is provided on a base (60) through a guide column (62) so that the lifting / lowering body (61) can be moved by a driving means (not shown). After raising to a predetermined height, the elevating body (61) can be dropped and collided with the base (60) by its own weight.
[0072]
Then, the bearing (P1) is fixed to the lifting body (61) of this apparatus in a state where the shaft core is disposed in parallel with the horizontal direction, and the lifting body (61) is cycled 55 times per minute at a drop distance of 80 mm. And the bearing (P1) was repeatedly dropped on the base (60).
[0073]
When performing this drop impact test, as shown in FIG. 7, at the uppermost end (upper side) of the cage (10) of each bearing (P1), the pocket hole ( 16) the central position (large diameter annular portion central position: LC), the corner portion of the pocket hole (16) in the large diameter annular portion (11) (large diameter annular portion corner position: LR), and the small diameter The central position of the pocket hole (16) in the annular part (12) (small diameter annular part central position: SC) and the corner part (small diameter annular part corner) of the pocket hole (16) in the small diameter annular part (12) The strain gauge (65) is affixed to each of the positions (SR), and at the lowermost end (lower side) of the cage (10), the central position of the pocket hole (16) in the large-diameter annular portion (11) ( Large-diameter annular part center position: LC) and pocket holes in the large-diameter annular part (11) ( 6) corner part (large-diameter annular part corner position: LR), central position of pocket hole (16) in small-diameter annular part (12) (small-diameter annular part central position: SC), and small-diameter annular ring Strain gauges (65) were attached to the corners of the pocket holes (16) in the part (11) (small-diameter annular part corner position: SR), and the strain at each position was measured.
[0074]
Moreover, when measuring strain, the strain peak value which rises first after a drop impact was measured. Furthermore, based on those strain peak values, the reduction rate of the strain peak value of the example bearing with respect to the strain peak value of the comparative example bearing was determined. The results are shown in Table 3 below.
[0075]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004271963
[0076]
As is apparent from Table 3, the strain reduction rates of the example bearings are all reduced as compared with the comparative example, and it can be seen that the drop impact resistance (destruction resistance) is excellent. For example, in the example, the average reduction rate at the uppermost end is 27%, and the lowermost end is 10%, and an improvement in fracture resistance due to compressive residual stress is recognized.
[0077]
<Durability fatigue test by drop impact>
A drop impact test was performed on the bearings of the above example and the comparative example under the same conditions as in the strain test, and the relationship between the number of drops and occurrence of cracks was measured and observed in each bearing. In addition, this test prepared the bearing of an Example and the bearing of a comparative example 2 each, and was each made into the samples 1 and 2, and was each implemented twice in the Example and the comparative example. The results are shown in Table 4 below.
[0078]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004271963
[0079]
As shown in Table 4, in the bearing of the comparative example, cracks occurred in the sample 1 when the number of drops was 49,500, and in the sample 2, the crack occurred after 450,000. In addition, all of these cracks occurred at the position of the corner portion in the small diameter annular portion of the cage.
[0080]
On the other hand, in the bearings of the examples, both the samples 1 and 2 were not cracked even when the number of drops reached 700,000 times, and the test was terminated at 700,000 times.
[0081]
From the above results, the bearing cage of the example related to the present invention is superior in durability (fatigue fracture resistance) to the drop impact and the fatigue life compared to the bearing cage of the comparative example related to the conventional product. Strength can be improved.
[0082]
【The invention's effect】
According to the roller bearing cage of the first aspect of the present invention, since compressive residual stress is applied to the corner portion of the roller holding pocket hole, the fatigue fracture resistance of the corner portion can be improved. Therefore, in the bearing assembly state, even if tensile force is repeatedly generated at the corner of the pocket hole due to stress caused by vibration load during operation rotation, it is possible to prevent cracks from occurring at the corner, and the cage itself Can be prevented, and the fatigue life strength can be improved. In addition, since the cage of the present invention does not require the use of a thick plate or a high-strength material, it is possible to reduce the weight and improve the processing dimensional accuracy, obtain high quality, and improve production efficiency. In addition, cost can be reduced. In addition, since heat treatment is not performed in the manufacturing process, it is possible to prevent dimensional accuracy degradation due to heat treatment and cracks at the time of bearing assembly, and higher quality can be obtained. There is an advantage that it can be performed reliably.
[0083]
Since the second aspect of the present invention specifies the manufacturing method in the roller bearing retainer of the first aspect of the present invention, a retainer having the same effect as described above can be reliably manufactured.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a view showing one side of a tapered roller bearing retainer according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1 (a) is a sectional view and FIG. 1 (b) is a plan view.
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the retainer of the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a side view showing a state in which shot peening is performed in the cage of the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a bottom view showing the cage according to the embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the surface depth of the corners of the pocket holes and the stress in the cage of the embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a front view schematically showing a drop impact test apparatus in which the cage of the example is installed.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged side view showing the periphery of the pocket hole in the cage of the embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing one side portion of a conventional tapered roller bearing.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a conventional tapered roller bearing retainer.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 ... Retainer
16 ... Pocket hole
16a ... Corner
20 ...

Claims (3)

軸受の内輪及び外輪間に、周方向に間隔をおいて配置される複数のころを保持し、かつ軸心方向の一端側が、他端側に対し径寸法が大きい円錐ころ軸受用保持器の製造方法であって、
前記ころを収容するための方形状の複数のポケット孔が周方向に間隔をおいて形成された環状の中間製品を得る工程と、
前記中間製品における前記ポケット孔の隅角部に圧縮残留応力をショットピーニング加工により付与する工程とを含み、
前記ショットピーニング加工においては、
ワーク設置用回転台上に、保持器をその大径円環部を上側にして設置し、投射装置の投射口を、所定の水平角度を持たせてポケット孔における小径円環部側の隅角部に対向させて配置し、前記回転台と共に保持器を回転させながら、投射口からショットを投射することにより、保持器の各ポケット孔における小径円環部側の隅角部に圧縮残留応力を付与する一方、
保持器をその小径円環部を上側にして前記回転台上に設置し、前記投射口を、所定の水平角度を持たせてポケット孔における大径円環部側の隅角部に対向させて配置し、保持器を回転させながら、前記投射口からショットを投射することにより、保持器の各ポケット孔における大径円環部側の隅角部に圧縮残留応力を付与するようにした円錐ころ軸受用保持器の製造方法。
Manufacture of a tapered roller bearing retainer that holds a plurality of rollers arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction between an inner ring and an outer ring of a bearing , and whose one end side in the axial direction is larger in diameter than the other end side. A method,
Obtaining an annular intermediate product in which a plurality of rectangular pocket holes for accommodating the rollers are formed at intervals in the circumferential direction;
Look including a step of applying the shot peening compressive residual stress in the corners of the pocket holes in the intermediate product,
In the shot peening process,
Place the retainer on the work mounting turntable with its large-diameter annular part facing upward, and the projection port of the projection device has a predetermined horizontal angle with the corner angle on the small-diameter annular part side in the pocket hole By projecting a shot from the projection port while rotating the cage together with the rotary table, compressive residual stress is applied to the corners on the small-diameter annular portion side of each pocket hole of the cage. While granting
A cage is installed on the turntable with the small-diameter annular portion facing upward, and the projection port is provided with a predetermined horizontal angle so as to face the corner portion on the large-diameter annular portion side in the pocket hole. The tapered roller is arranged to apply a compressive residual stress to the corner portion on the large-diameter annular portion side in each pocket hole of the cage by projecting a shot from the projection port while rotating the cage. Manufacturing method of bearing cage.
前記圧縮残留応力を付与する工程において、表面深さ50〜200μmの範囲で、200〜600Mpaの圧縮残留応力を付与するものとした請求項記載の円錐ころ軸受用保持器の製造方法。Wherein in the step of applying the compressive residual stress in the range of surface depth 50 to 200 [mu] m, method according to claim 1 tapered roller bearing cage according with assumed to impart compressive residual stress of 200~600Mpa. 前記ショットピーニング加工において、投射速度を40〜80m/secに設定するものとした請求項1又は2に記載の円錐ころ軸受用保持器の製造方法。The method for manufacturing a cage for a tapered roller bearing according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein a projection speed is set to 40 to 80 m / sec in the shot peening process.
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