JP4287944B2 - Elastic material and vehicle tire loaded with spikes - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an elastic material loaded with spikes, and more particularly to an elastic material loaded with spikes typified by spike tires used for transportation means for snowy road surfaces and frozen road surfaces.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, spike tires in which metal spikes are embedded in rubber have been used as spike tires for snowy road surfaces and frozen road surfaces. In such a metal spike tire, a small hole for embedding the spike was made in the tire rubber for loading the metal spike. A thick spike was loaded into the small hole on the rubber side, and the spike was tightly fixed by an external force stress (the force that tried to restore the expanded shape to the original small shape) when the tire rubber contracted. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, a metal spike having a diameter of about 5 mm was firmly fitted into a hole having a diameter of 2.1 mm using the elasticity of the rubber of the tire.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
According to the conventional spike tires as described above, the hard metal spikes scrape the road surface and cause dust pollution.
[0004]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an elastic material loaded with spikes that does not slip on a snowy road or a frozen road surface without cutting the road surface.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, an elastic material loaded with a spike according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises, as shown in FIG. 1, an elastic composition 5 having a spike hole, and is loaded into the spike hole. A sleeve-like member 2 having a longitudinal hollow part constituting a part of the spike 3; a non-metallic material penetrating the hollow part of the sleeve-like member 2 and constituting the other part of the spike 3; A rod-shaped member 1 formed; a gap 4 is provided between the inner surface of the hollow portion and the outer surface of the rod-shaped member. Here, the sleeve-shaped member is a member having a cylindrical shape, and the inside of the cylinder is the hollow portion. Typically, it is formed in a hollow cylindrical shape having an outer peripheral cylindrical surface and an inner peripheral cylindrical surface. The rod-shaped member is typically a solid (may be hollow) rod-shaped member, and the rod may be either cylindrical or prismatic.
[0006]
If comprised in this way, since the gap | interval 4 is provided, heat is interrupted | blocked here.
[0007]
Furthermore, as described in claim 2, in the elastic material loaded with spikes, the thickness of the spike hole is preferably smaller than the thickness of the sleeve-like member 2. Furthermore, it is preferable to form it sufficiently small. “Sufficient” means that the thickness of the sleeve-like member is, for example, 200 to 400%, preferably 250 to 300% of the thickness of the hole of the elastic material. Such a thick sleeve-like member is loaded into a small elastic hole. Therefore, the hole of the elastic material is expanded to 200 to 400%, for example. When the hole of the elastic material is expanded and expanded in this way, conversely, the contraction pressure that the elastic material tries to recover to the original shape is applied to the sleeve-like member. The shape of the hole is preferably circular, but is not limited thereto. Since the thicknesses are compared with each other, for example, the volume in the longitudinal direction of the hollow portion of the sleeve-like member may be larger than the volume of the rod-like member at the same length. Moreover, the sleeve-like member 2 should just have a numerical value more than the stress value (for example, elongation stress value of 200-400%) of the elastic material which an elastic material tries to recover | restore to a prototype.
[0008]
With this configuration, since the thickness of the spike hole is smaller than the thickness of the sleeve-like member, the spike hole can fasten and fix the sleeve-like member, and the gap between the sleeve-like member 2 and the rod-like member 1 can be fixed. There is a gap.
[0009]
Further, as described in claim 3, in the elastic material loaded with the spike according to claim 1 or 2, the sleeve-like member 2 is formed of a polymer composition having a glass transition point of 5 ° C. or more. It is preferable. The glass transition point is 5 ° C. or higher, more preferably 55 ° C. or higher.
[0010]
In addition, as described in claim 4, in the elastic material loaded with the spike according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the rod-like member 1 has a viscosity elastic modulus of 4E + 09 dyne / cm at a temperature below freezing point.² The viscosity elastic modulus at room temperature is 4E + 09 dyne / cm² It is characterized by being formed with a polymer composition that is less than. At this time, it is hard under freezing and has elasticity at room temperature.
[0011]
Further, as described in claim 5, in the elastic material loaded with the spikes described in claims 1 to 4, the sleeve-like member 2 and the rod-like member 1 may be integrated. At this time, since it is a monolithic structure, it can be manufactured integrally, and it can be easily assembled into an elastic composition.
[0012]
Further, as described in claim 6, in the vehicle tire according to the present invention, the elastic member loaded with the spike according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is formed in an annular shape, and the rod-shaped member 1 is formed. The tip of is exposed on the outer surface of the ring.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In addition, in each figure, the same code | symbol or a similar code | symbol is attached | subjected to the member which is mutually the same or it corresponds, and the overlapping description is abbreviate | omitted.
[0014]
With reference to FIG. 1, the structure of the spike tire which is an Example of this invention is demonstrated. In the figure, a composite spike 3 is embedded in a rubber tire body 5 as an elastic composition of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the composite spike periphery.
[0015]
The hole for embedding the composite spike 3 is a hole having a circular cross section formed in a direction perpendicular to the outer surface of the rubber tire body as shown in FIG. The diameter of the hole is about 2.1 mm and a constant diameter in the depth direction. However, chamfering is performed near the outer surface of the rubber tire. The depth of the hole is about 10 mm. As described above, the diameter is approximately 2.1 mm over almost the entire length of the depth, but the bottom is an expanded circular space having a diameter of 4 to 5 mm that extends in a direction substantially parallel to the outer surface. As a result, the overall side cross-section of this hole has the shape of a common woodwork nail.
[0016]
As shown in the enlarged sectional view of FIG. 2, the composite spike 3 is formed by assembling the sleeve-like member 2 so as to surround the rod-like member 1.
[0017]
The structure of the composite spike will be further described with reference to the exploded view of FIG. As shown to (a), as for the rod-shaped member 1, the collar part 32 is formed in the annular | circular shape in the side embedded in a rubber tire main body, and the downward direction in the figure. The outer diameter of the collar portion 32 is d3. A hemispherical protrusion 33 is provided on the lower side of the collar portion 32 in the figure. The center of the hemisphere is substantially coincident with the center of the annular collar 32. A rod-like portion 31 having a truncated cone shape (side cross-sectional shape is trapezoidal) is formed on the upper side of the flange portion 32 in the drawing, on the side opposite to the hemispherical portion 33. The diameter d1 of the joint between the rod-shaped portion 31 and the flange portion 32 is substantially the same as the diameter of the hemispherical portion 33. The diameter d2 of the truncated cone-shaped tip (tip of the rod-shaped portion 31) is formed to be slightly smaller than the diameter d1 (d1> d2). That is, the bar-shaped portion 31 has a slight taper. Here, the entire length of the rod-shaped portion 31 (from the upper surface of the flange portion 32 to the tip of the rod-shaped portion 31) is indicated by h.
[0018]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3B, the sleeve-like member 2 is configured to include a cylindrical portion 21 and a flange portion 21 formed at one end portion (downward in the drawing). The inner diameter d1 'of the cylindrical portion 21 is substantially uniform over the entire length of the cylindrical portion 21, and is formed to be substantially the same or slightly smaller than the outer diameter d1 of the lower portion of the rod-shaped portion 31 (d1' ≧ d1). The outer diameter d <b> 3 ′ of the flange portion 22 is formed substantially the same as the outer diameter d <b> 3 of the flange portion 32. The height h ′ of the entire length of the sleeve-like member 2 (from the lower surface of the flange portion 22 to the upper end of the cylindrical portion 21) is substantially the same as or slightly smaller than the height h of the rod-like portion 31 (h ≧ h). ').
[0019]
The composite spike 3 in which the rod-like member 1 and the sleeve-like member 2 are assembled as described above is shown in the sectional view of FIG. A gap 4 is formed between the outer surface of the rod-shaped member 1 and the inner surface of the sleeve-shaped member 2 and is a space or a gap.
[0020]
FIG.2 (b) is the top view seen from the front-end | tip of the compound spike which shows side sectional drawing to (a). A gap 4 is formed between the rod-like member 1 and the sleeve-like member 2. The gap 4 is typically a space that is not filled with anything, but may be filled with a heat insulating material.
[0021]
In the embodiment of the composite spike shown in FIG. 4 that fits into a 10 mm deep, 2.1 mm diameter hole, the outer diameter of the sleeve-like member 2 is 7 mm in diameter. Therefore, the main part of the sleeve-like member 2 is inserted by expanding the hole of the tire about three times (7 / 2.1 = 3.3) in the diameter direction.
[0022]
In this embodiment, when the outer diameter of the sleeve-shaped member is 7 mm, the gap 4 at the tip portion between the rod-shaped member 1 and the sleeve-shaped member 2 is about 0.5-2 mm, preferably 0.7-1. 2 mm. This gap 4 only needs to be sufficient to block heat from the tire portion 5 that generates heat during operation of the tire so that it is not transmitted to the rod-shaped member 1.
[0023]
2 and 3 show the case where the gap 4 is tapered, it is sufficient that the base of the rod-like member 1 has an outer diameter that fits the inner diameter of the base of the sleeve-like member 2. The upper part from the fitting part may have a uniform outer diameter instead of a taper by reducing the diameter in a step shape.
[0024]
The shape of the rod-shaped member 1 will be described with reference to FIG. In the above embodiment or example, it has been described that the cross-sectional shape of the rod-shaped portion 31 of the rod-shaped member 1 is circular (FIG. 6A), but in FIG. 6B to FIG. As shown in the plan view seen from the tip, the cross-section of the rod-shaped member can take various shapes. (B) is a case of a rectangle. Four corners of the rectangle are in contact with the inner periphery of the sleeve-like member. In this case, the rod-shaped portion 31 may not be tapered. This is because a gap is formed between each side of the rectangle and the inner surface of the sleeve-like member. The rectangle may be a square.
[0025]
The cross-sectional shape of the rod-shaped member 1 is not limited to a circle or a rectangle, but is a triangle as shown in (c), a pentagon as shown in (d), a hexagon as shown in (e), and a polygon with more corners (not shown). ), (F) a square or rhombus, (g) a cross with a circular part at the center, (h) a cross with a fillet as shown in (h), and (i) a long and thin rectangle. Various shapes such as a tooth shape of two clogs arranged side by side are conceivable. The point is that the gap may be formed between the inner surface of the hollow portion of the sleeve-like member 2 and the outer surface of the rod-like member 1.
[0026]
Accordingly, although not shown, the diameter of the circular cross section of the rod-shaped member 1 is uniform in the length direction of the rod-shaped member 1, and the slope that widens toward the upper side in FIG. May be attached. Although not shown, the rod-shaped member 1 has a simple (uniform diameter) columnar shape, and is provided with a flange or such a protrusion on the inner surface of the sleeve-shaped member 2 in the length direction of the sleeve-shaped member. May be.
[0027]
Referring to FIG. 7, a tire for a vehicle such as a passenger car, an automobile such as a truck, and a bicycle, which is an embodiment of the present invention, will be described. This is a structure that can be said to be a vehicle tire embedded with a road surface temperature-responsive composite spike.
[0028]
Here, a non-metallic composite spike (hereinafter referred to as a thick spike) larger in size than a spike loading hole (hereinafter referred to as a small hole) provided in a tire tread rubber (hereinafter referred to as tire rubber) as shown in FIG. When loaded on the outer periphery of the thick spike, the outer peripheral portion of the thick spike is closely attached to the tire rubber, which is a small hole. Further, the flange 22 of the sleeve-like member 2 and the flange 32 of the rod-like member 1 overlapping therewith fit into the enlarged portion of the bottom of the small hole, thereby preventing the composite spike 3 from coming off the tire rubber.
[0029]
The heat generated by the tire rubber is transmitted when the vehicle is running from the contact portion between the outer periphery of the thick spike and the inner surface of the small hole. The composite spike 3 as shown in FIG. 2, which is an embodiment of the present invention, has a gap 4 that is an air layer between the rod-like member 1 and the sleeve-like member 2, so that heat generation of the tire during running is caused by the sleeve. Although it is transmitted to the bar-shaped member 2, it is blocked by the gap 4 and not transmitted to the bar-shaped member 1. Therefore, it can prevent that the mechanical property of a rod-shaped member changes with heat.
[0030]
Next, the material of the sleeve-like member 2 will be described. The external force stress value when the diameter φ of the tire rubber small hole is expanded by 300% or more is 50 to 150 kgf / cm.² Or 150kgf / cm² The tightening pressure is as above. The material of the sleeve-like member can withstand this stress, and is composed of a polymer composition having a plastic property that does not cause a great change in the outer diameter of the sleeve-like member.
[0031]
Further, the temperature at which the heat is generated in the small hole of the tire rubber is in the range of 5 to 55 ° C., or even 55 ° C. or more. Therefore, the polymer having a glass transition point in this transmission temperature region in the range of at least 5 to 55 ° C. A shape memory composition consisting of a composition, wherein the external force stress value reversibly changes and responds to a plastic property region on the low temperature side and a rubber elastic property region on the high temperature side at the glass transition point located within this temperature region. It is characterized by comprising.
[0032]
One example of a shape memory composition is a polyurethane polymer, which includes an ether type and an ester type. Tg can be arbitrarily set in the range of −20 ° C. to 120 ° C. by changing the blend ratio of materials having different glass transition points (hereinafter referred to as Tg). Further, depending on the combination ratio of the epoxy resin and nylon, polyamide, polyisocyanate, polysulfide, and phenol resin, the glass property region on the low temperature side and the rubber property region on the high temperature side with the above Tg as the boundary of the Tg region shown in FIG. Can be set arbitrarily.
[0033]
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the temperature and the elastic modulus of such a shape memory composition. As shown in the drawing, the glass transition temperature Tg is before and after the glass transition temperature Tg, and the elastic modulus changes abruptly in this region. The low temperature side of the glass transition region is a glass region exhibiting a substantially constant high rigidity, and the high temperature side of the glass transition region is a rubber region having a substantially constant low rigidity, that is, a rubber region having elasticity. A higher temperature side than the rubber region becomes a fluid region where the composition has fluidity.
[0034]
The material of the sleeve-like member used in the embodiment of the present invention is a composition having a temperature-dependent gradient function to which ceramics, metals and their alloy materials, and polymers are added in addition to the polymer material. A material having a value exceeding the external force stress value can be substituted. The sleeve-like member 2 is formed to be shorter than the rod-like member 1, but in particular, when made of a hard material typified by metals, the gap 4 between the rod-like member 1 and the sleeve-like member can be formed and maintained. It is preferable to shorten it. At this time, the front end of the sleeve-like member 2 is shortened from the surface of the tire 6 or the like made of the elastic material 5 so as to sufficiently enter the inside from the contact surface with the road if it is a tire. If formed in this way, the hard sleeve-like member 2 will not scrape or damage the road.
[0035]
The rod-shaped member 1 is made of a temperature-responsive material whose characteristic is shown in FIG. 8 or FIG. This material is a rubber elastic property region at room temperature or higher, and a polymer composition exhibiting a plastic property region below freezing point. The hardness (viscoelastic modulus [E ']) value of the material of the rod-shaped member in the temperature range where the temperature of the snow, ice and the gap between the sleeve-shaped member 2 and the temperature of the rod-shaped member 1 is below the freezing point. 4E + 09 or more to E + 11 [dyen / cm² ], Preferably 7E + 09 or more to E + 11 [dyne / cm² ], More preferably 9E + 09 or more to E + 11 [dyne / cm² ] Is within the range.
[0036]
In the temperature range above the freezing point, for example, 10 ° C. or higher, less than 4E + 09 and E + 05 [dyne / cm² ] It is characterized by comprising a road surface temperature responsive composition showing the above values. E indicates an index. For example, E + 09 is 10⁹ Means.
[0037]
Room temperature refers to about 20 ° C. E + 09 dyne / cm at room temperature² Less, preferably 4E + 08 dyne / cm² Less, more preferably 3E + 08 dyne / cm² Less than.
[0038]
The material shown in FIG. 8 has a viscoelasticity of about 1.4E + 10 at a temperature of −30 ° C., about 7.2E + 09 at 0 ° C., and the viscoelasticity changes in a decreasing direction at 0 ° C. or 5 ° C. Then, at 20 ° C., it becomes about 1.7E + 08, and the decreasing tendency becomes slow. It will be about 8.5E + 07 at 30 ° C. The unit is [dyen / cm² ].
[0039]
In the material shown in FIG. 9, the viscoelasticity is about 2.1E + 10 at −30 ° C., about 1.3E + 10 at 0 ° C., and the viscoelasticity suddenly decreases at 0 ° C. or 5 ° C. It starts to change and becomes about 2.0E + 08 at 20 ° C., and the decreasing tendency becomes loose. At 30 ° C., it is about 1.1E + 08.
[0040]
In more detail with reference to the example of FIG. 9, the glass transition temperature Tg is about + 13.5 ° C., and the slope (change in elastic modulus E ′ per temperature) is the steepest at this temperature. It stiffens rapidly on the low temperature side with the temperature Tg as a boundary, 1.36E + 10 at -0.7 ° C, 2.16E + 10 at -27 ° C, and a flat curve and value of the plastic property region in the region below freezing point. In the temperature range higher than the freezing point, the elastic modulus of 1.5 ° C. shows a reversible curve from 1.19E + 10 to T + 1 of + 13.5 ° C. and changes in value. It exhibits a value of 1.18E + 0.8 from 5.95E + 0.8 to 30 ° C. at a certain temperature Tg.
[0041]
As described above, in FIG. 8 or FIG. 9, in the region where the interval between plots indicated by “.” Is large, the change per unit temperature is large, and if the temperature changes almost uniformly per time, the elastic modulus changes. Indicates that the change is abrupt and changes greatly in a short time, while the change is slow in the region where the interval between plots is small.
[0042]
As described above, by combining and integrating the two types of materials, a composite spike structure having a gap portion between the two is obtained. Further, the sleeve-like member 2 is a rod-like cylindrical shape having a small hole size of the tire rubber and having a cavity in the inner diameter, and the rod-like member 1 is a round bar cylindrical shape in which the inner-diameter dimension of the sleeve-like member 2 is reduced. Or it is made into the shape of a polygonal rod, and it has the characteristic that it has arbitrary space in the part or all the circumference between two.
[0043]
Further, the composite spike structure according to another embodiment of the present invention may be a single structure having a single composition void as long as the material has a temperature vs. hardness value within a predetermined range.
[0044]
As explained above, the spike loading hole of the world standard tire for winter seasons has a match rod-shaped hole with an inner diameter of 2.1 mm and a depth of 10 mm and an elliptical sphere at the bottom. Receive history. However, the metals did not change in hardness, rigidity and properties due to the influence of heat. In contrast, polymer materials such as rubber maintain rigidity in the low temperature region, but lose rigidity on the high temperature side. Furthermore, the glass transition curve in the low temperature region changes from a viscoelastic material to a plastic property. Hardness and rigidity reversibly respond to temperature changes.
[0045]
According to the present invention, the temperature history of the small holes is eliminated, (1) the road surface is not damaged, (2) the spike function responds to the temperature of the ice / snow road surface, and (3) the function of identifying whether there is ice / snow. (4) Excellent all-season durability and wear resistance, (5) One or more types of functions such as handling stability and safety are applied by applying glass transition point control unique to polymers. It implement | achieves as a functionally gradient type composite structure which consists of a high molecular composition.
[0046]
The composition of the plastic property region continues to spread the tire rubber, and eventually the stress relaxation of the rubber hole becomes permanent and loses its restoring force. In this way, by applying the permanent strain history of stress relaxation, it is possible to attach the rod-shaped member 1 alone without replacing the sleeve-shaped member 2 when replacing spikes worn with time. In that case, what is necessary is just to use what formed only the base 32 of the base part large, or thickly as needed. That is, it is one of the applications of the present invention, and can be applied as a spike replacement method and spike tire maintenance method.
[0047]
The present invention can be loaded as it is into a loading hole of an existing winter standard tire that is generally produced in the world, and in this case, the tire rubber naturally becomes a kind of scratch. There is no need to perform secondary processing, and a conventional tire mold can be used as it is.
[0048]
Hereinafter, the example of the elastic composition used for comprising the rod-shaped member 1 is demonstrated. As such a temperature / pressure-sensitive vulcanized rubber composition, a uniform blend of a first polymer having a glass transition temperature of 0 ° C. or more and a second polymer having a glass transition temperature of less than 0 ° C. contains.
[0049]
Here, the first polymer is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 0 ° C. or higher, and preferred examples include the following.
[0050]
First polymer Tg [° C.]
Polynorbornen +35
Polyacrylonitrile +104
Polyvinyl chloride +83
Polyurethane /
Vinyl chloride copolymer +50
ethylene/
Vinyl chloride copolymer +70
ethylene/
Vinyl acetate copolymer +45
Polyvinyl acetate +29
Polystyrene +100
Polytetrafluoroethylene +120
Further, the second polymer used in the embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of less than 0 ° C., but the following are preferable.
[0051]
As the material for the sleeve-like member, Tg of 0 ° C. or higher can be arbitrarily set by the first polymer and the following third polymer alloy, and the Tg below freezing point can be arbitrarily set by the combination of the second polymer. Can do.
[0052]
Second polymer Tg [° C.]
EPDM-60
Polyethylene terephthalate -23
Carboxylated NBR-70
Hydrogenated NBR-60
Carboxylated liquid NBR-80
Liquid NBR-80
Isoprene-containing NBR-75
Liquid polybutadiene rubber -100
Ethylene / methacrylic acid copolymer
Metal ions between coalesced molecules
Cross-linked ionomer resin -110
Each of the first polymer and the second polymer may be used alone or in combination of a plurality of polymers. The glass transition temperature can be slightly different depending on the molecular structure and molecular weight of the copolymer.
[0053]
Third polymer alloy
Nylon / epoxy
Urethane / epoxy
Nitrile / Epoxy
Polyvinyl butyral / phenolic
Nitrile / phenolic
Polyester / epoxy
Epoxy / phenolic
These polymers constituting the alloy all have Tg in the plus region, and the Tg can be varied in the plus temperature region by the blend ratio of these different polymers. Tg can be adjusted in the plus temperature region eye by the blend ratio between the alloys.
[0054]
Each of the third polymer alloys may be used alone, or a plurality of the third polymer alloys may be combined to form a sleeve material.
[0055]
Furthermore, when the second polymer according to the present invention is at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of carboxylated NBR and hydrogenated NBR, the resulting composition tends to have more sufficient wear resistance. Yes, especially preferred. When carboxylated NBR or hydrogenated NBR is used as the second polymer, the first polymer comprises polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane / vinyl chloride copolymer, ethylene / vinyl chloride copolymer and ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer. It is particularly preferable that the composition is at least one polymer selected from the group because the resulting composition tends to have more desirable properties.
[0056]
As described above, each of the first polymer and the second polymer has the following characteristics:
Having a transition point between about −5 ° C. and about 15 ° C., about 100 kgf / cm² It is elastic at temperatures above the transition point and rigid at temperatures below the transition point under the following pressures; and
About 300kgf / cm²  Under such a pressure, it is contained in such an amount that gives elasticity at a temperature of about −30 ° C. or higher.
[0057]
In that case, it is preferable that content of the 1st polymer is 40-200 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of 2nd polymer, Most preferably, it is 45-100 weight part. If the content of the first polymer is less than the above lower limit, the upper limit and hardness of the pressure that can maintain the rigidity of the resulting composition tend not to reach a desired level, while if the content of the first polymer exceeds the upper limit, The embrittlement temperature tends not to reach the level described later.
[0058]
Further, when carboxylated NBR or hydrogenated NBR is used as the second polymer, the content of the first polymer is 40 to 100 parts by weight, particularly preferably 45 to 60 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the second polymer. Parts by weight are preferred. If the content of the first polymer is less than the above lower limit, the upper limit and hardness of the pressure that can maintain the rigidity of the resulting composition tend not to reach a desired level, while if the content of the first polymer exceeds the upper limit, The embrittlement temperature tends not to reach the level described later.
[0059]
Moreover, as a composition used for embodiment of this invention, it is necessary to contain the 1st polymer and the 2nd polymer as those uniform blends, For that purpose, the solubility constant (solubility parameter) of the 1st polymer Preferably, the difference between the solubility constant of the second polymer and the second polymer is within about 2, particularly preferably within about 1. When the difference in solubility constant exceeds about 2, the first polymer and the second polymer tend to be difficult to dissolve each other, and tend to have a so-called sea-island structure without being uniform. The solubility constant (SP value) here is the following formula:
δ = SP = (CED)^1/2
[Where δ is the solubility factor and CED is the cohesive energy density]
For example, the following formula:
(Δ = SP) = dΣG / M
[Where d is the density, M is the basic molecular weight, and G is the cohesive energy constant of the substituent or atomic group]
Based on the molecular structure.
[0060]
The vulcanized rubber composition used in the embodiment of the present invention preferably has a brittleness temperature of less than about -30 ° C, particularly preferably less than about -50 ° C. The embrittlement temperature is preferably lower, and if it is higher than the above upper limit, the service life of the resulting composition tends not to reach a desired level. The embrittlement temperature here is the lowest temperature (cold temperature resistance) that can withstand an impact, and is a value measured according to JIS K6301.
[0061]
The temperature / pressure sensitive composition used in the embodiment of the present invention is a vulcanized rubber composition. Therefore, the composition used in the embodiment of the present invention includes at least one rubber composition, and the above-mentioned first polymer and / or second polymer is such a rubber composition. In addition, in this aspect, although the uniform blend which blended the 1st polymer and the 2nd polymer is used, the 1st monomer whose glass transition temperature is 0 degreeC or more, and the 2nd monomer below 0 degreeC Copolymers previously combined may be used alone as such a blend.
[0062]
The composition used in the embodiment of the present invention may contain other additive components such as a reinforcing agent, a stabilizer (anti-aging agent), a filler, a plasticizer (softening agent), and a vulcanizing agent (crosslinking agent). It is preferable to contain a vulcanization accelerator, a tackifier, a peptizing agent, and the like.
[0063]
Therefore, by vulcanizing the uniform blend obtained by adding the above-mentioned additional components as necessary to the first polymer and the second polymer, the following characteristics are obtained:
Having a transition point between about −5 ° C. and about 15 ° C., about 100 kgf / cm²  It is elastic at temperatures above the transition point and rigid at temperatures below the transition point under the following pressures; and
About 300kgf / cm²  Elastic at temperatures above about −30 ° C. under these pressures;
A vulcanized rubber composition for use in an embodiment of the present invention is obtained. In addition, there is a tendency that the higher the density of the network (crosslinking) of the molecular structure in the vulcanized rubber composition, the higher the transition point and the mechanical rigidity. The conditions for the vulcanization treatment are appropriately selected according to the desired product characteristics. Is done. Suitable conditions for such vulcanization are as follows: temperature: 165 ° C. ± 10 ° C., time: 8 minutes ± 5 minutes, pressure: 180 kg / cm² ± 20kg / cm² It is.
[0064]
Thus, the vulcanized rubber composition used in the embodiment of the present invention is about 100 kgf / cm.² Under the following pressure, it is rigid at a temperature below the transition point and elastic at a temperature above the transition point. Therefore, since the vulcanized rubber composition used in the embodiment of the present invention is elastic on a road having a temperature range equal to or higher than the above transition point, it does not damage the road surface and prevents wear due to its own wear. On the other hand, about 100kgf / cm²  The pressure below is sufficient to pierce the ice and snow surface, and the vulcanized rubber composition used in the embodiment of the present invention is rigid on the road in the temperature range below the transition point, so the ice and snow surface. It is possible to destroy and bite. Further, for example, the pressure applied to the spike protruding from the tire on the road surface exposed without ice and snow is about 300 kgf / cm.² Therefore, under such conditions, the vulcanized rubber composition used in the embodiment of the present invention is elastic even in a temperature range below the transition point, and therefore does not damage the road surface and does not wear itself. It is also possible to prevent exhaustion due to.
[0065]
The composition used in the embodiment of the present invention has an appropriate hardness (hardness in a rigid state and hardness in an elastic state) depending on the purpose of use, and is about 50 to about 90 in the elastic state. It is particularly preferred to have a Shore A hardness of about 55 to about 85. Such hardness is particularly preferable when the composition used in the embodiment of the present invention is used for spikes used in tires and other transportation equipment. This is because if the spike is too hard, the road surface tends to be damaged, and if the spike is too soft, the friction resistance tends to be insufficient. For such applications, the composition used in the embodiment of the present invention is preferably as hard as possible in the rigid state, and preferably has a Shore A hardness of about 90 or more, particularly preferably about 100 or more. .
[0066]
The composition used in the embodiment of the present invention has appropriate tensile properties, and is about 200 kgf / cm, particularly in the elastic state.² More preferably, it has a tensile strength of about 250 kgf / cm @ 2 or more. In the rigid state, the composition used in embodiments of the present invention is about 285 kgf / cm.²  Above, particularly preferably about 300 kgf / cm² It is preferable to have the above tensile strength. The composition used in the embodiment of the present invention has an elastic state of about 50 kgf / cm 2 or more, particularly preferably about 60 kgf / cm 2.² It is preferable to have the above 300% tensile stress. In the rigid state, the composition used in embodiments of the present invention is about 300 kgf / cm.²  It is preferable to have the above 300% tensile stress.
[0067]
Further, the composition used in the embodiment of the present invention preferably has a high tear strength, a high elongation rate, and a low Akron abrasion number. Regarding the tear strength, the composition used in the embodiment of the present invention preferably has a tear strength of about 40 kgf / cm or more in the elastic state, and has a tear strength of about 100 kgf / cm or more in the rigid state. preferable. The elongation percentage of the composition used in the embodiment of the present invention is preferably about 400% or more in the elastic state, and preferably about 300% or less in the rigid state. The amount of Akron wear of the composition used in the embodiment of the present invention is preferably about 0.17 ml / 1000 times or less in both the elastic state and the rigid state.
[0068]
As mentioned above, although the suitable composition used for embodiment of this invention was demonstrated, this invention is not limited to this form, Other aspects are also recognized by those skilled in the art based on the description in this specification. Is.
[0069]
Further, the temperature / pressure-sensitive vulcanized rubber composition used in the embodiment of the present invention can be appropriately molded into a desired shape or useful product. For example, the vulcanization used in the embodiment of the present invention is used. The rubber composition may be molded into spikes, and the spikes used in the embodiment of the present invention may be combined with a tire made of a conventional tire material or a conventional shoe.
[0070]
The elastic composition is typically rubber, but may be an elastic plastic. The elastic material of the present invention can be used, for example, as a rubber tire, a spike shoe for a snowy road, or a slip rubber mat.
[0071]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, since there is a gap between the sleeve-like member and the rod-like member, heat is blocked here, and an elastic material that suppresses the influence of external heat on the rod-like member is provided. It becomes possible.
[0072]
Further, the vehicle tire formed of such an elastic material can be a tire that does not cut the road surface and does not slip even on snowy roads or frozen road surfaces.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of an elastic material according to an embodiment of the present invention equipped with a composite spike.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the composite spike of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the composite spike of FIG. 2 disassembled into a rod-like member and a sleeve-like member.
4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a hole to be embedded with the composite spike of FIG. 2; FIG.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an elastic material in which a conventional spike is embedded.
FIG. 6 is a plan view of the composite spike according to the embodiment of the present invention, in which the bar-shaped member has various shapes, as viewed from the distal end direction of the bar-shaped member.
FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional side view of a vehicle tire equipped with a composite spike according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the properties of the elastic composition used in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of properties of another elastic composition used in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the temperature and elastic modulus of the shape memory composition used in the embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Bar-shaped member
2 Sleeve-shaped member
3 Compound spikes
4 gap
5 Elastic composition

Claims (6)

An elastic composition with holes for spikes;
A sleeve-like member having a longitudinal hollow portion, which constitutes a part of the spike, loaded in the spike hole;
A rod-shaped member formed of a non-metallic material that penetrates the hollow portion of the sleeve-shaped member and constitutes another part of the spike;
The sleeve-like member is formed of a polymer composition having a glass transition point of 5 ° C. or more, and the polymer composition is a combination of epoxy resin and nylon, polyamide, polyisocyanate, polysulfide, or phenol resin. And composed of any composition of polyurethane polymers;
There is a gap between the inner surface of the hollow part and the outer surface of the rod-shaped member;
Elastic material loaded with spikes.   The sleeve-like member was loaded into the spike hole such that the tip protruded from the surface of the elastic composition;
  An elastic material loaded with the spike according to claim 1. The thickness of the spike hole is smaller than the thickness of the sleeve-shaped member,
An elastic material loaded with the spike according to claim 1 or 2 . The rod-like member is a viscous modulus at a subzero temperature 4E + 09dyne / cm ² or more, wherein the viscosity modulus are formed of a polymeric composition is less than 4E + 09dyne / cm ² at room temperature,
An elastic material loaded with the spike according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The sleeve-like member and the rod-like member have an integral structure,
An elastic material loaded with the spike according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The elastic material loaded with the spike according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is formed in an annular shape, and the tip of the rod-shaped member is configured to be exposed on the outer surface of the annular ring. And
Tires for vehicles.

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