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JP4332683B2 - Method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton - Google Patents
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JP4332683B2 - Method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton - Google Patents

Method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton Download PDF

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JP4332683B2
JP4332683B2 JP31254898A JP31254898A JP4332683B2 JP 4332683 B2 JP4332683 B2 JP 4332683B2 JP 31254898 A JP31254898 A JP 31254898A JP 31254898 A JP31254898 A JP 31254898A JP 4332683 B2 JP4332683 B2 JP 4332683B2
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nitrified cotton
acetylated
cotton
water
nitrified
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JP2000136201A (en
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得治 田中
秀雄 薮根
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Daicel Corp
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Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は火薬、塗料等の原料として使用されるアセチル化硝化綿(別名セルロースアセテートナイトレート)の製造方法に関するものである。特に本発明は製品粒度の安定した、耐熱性、安定性に優れたアセチル化硝化綿を提供すると共に、原料の使用率が良好であり、しかも排水処理への負荷も小さいアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
アセチル化硝化綿は、硝化綿(別名ニトロセルロース)を耐熱化したものであり、特開昭56−82849号公報、及び特開平8−277301号公報で開示されているように、硝化綿を適当な有機溶媒中に溶解し、無水酢酸等と適当な触媒を用いてアセチル化反応させ、これを水又はアルコール中に析出し、これを濾過後、水等で洗浄することで得られる(以下、溶液反応法と呼ぶ)。
これとは別に、本発明者らは、特願平10−195292号において、硝化綿を適当な分散媒中に分散させ、繊維状(固相)を保ったまま、無水酢酸と適当な触媒を用いてアセチル化反応させ、これを濾過後、水等で洗浄することでアセチル化硝化綿を得る方法(以下、固液反応法と呼ぶ)を提案し、この方法によって、反応に寄与しなかった無水酢酸を回収することを可能にさせるとともに、製品粒度の安定した、耐熱性、安定性に優れたアセチル化硝化綿を提供できるようにした。
【0003】
上記の固液反応法においては、反応に寄与しなかった無水酢酸の大部分を回収することが可能になり、この点で溶液反応法よりも有利になってはいたが、反応液と粗アセチル化硝化綿とを濾別した後の、濾別された粗アセチル化硝化綿には、反応液が付着しているため、まだ一部の無水酢酸が含まれており、当該粗アセチル化硝化綿を直接、水又はアルコール等で洗浄すると、無水酢酸が水又はアルコール等と反応してしまって、無水酢酸の回収率が悪いという欠点があった。
【0004】
そこで、上記濾別された粗アセチル化硝化綿をトルエン等の芳香族炭化水素で洗浄し、粗アセチル化硝化綿の付着反応液中の無水酢酸を回収できるようにして無水酢酸の回収率を上げることも考えられる。しかし、この場合は、トルエン等で湿潤した粗アセチル化硝化綿が生じ、これが水とのなじみが悪いため、さらにアルコール類で洗浄をしてからでないと水での洗浄ができない。その結果、アルコール類とトルエン等との混合液の回収が必要になるが、当該混合物は蒸留では非常に分離しにくく、回収工程が複雑になるという問題が生じていた。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明においては、上記欠点に鑑み、濾別された粗アセチル化硝化綿に付着している反応液中の無水酢酸をも回収でき、しかも洗浄工程でアルコール類とトルエン等との混合液を生成することなく、したがって、溶剤回収にも有利なアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法を提供することを課題とした。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、鋭意検討を重ね、反応液と粗アセチル化硝化綿とを濾別した後の、濾別された粗アセチル化硝化綿の処理方法を工夫することで上記課題が克服できることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
すなわち、本発明は、硝化綿を分散媒中に分散させ、該硝化綿を固相を保ったままアセチル化剤と触媒とを作用させて粗アセチル化硝化綿とした後、反応液と粗アセチル化硝化綿とを濾別し、濾別された粗アセチル化硝化綿を洗浄するアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法において、前記濾別された粗アセチル化硝化綿(反応液湿潤濾滓)に洗浄剤として炭素数6〜8の芳香族炭化水素を添加して洗浄濾過し、生じた濾滓(芳香族炭化水素湿潤濾滓)にさらに水を添加し、水の存在下で前記濾滓に残存する前記芳香族炭化水素を気化させてこれを除去する工程を有することを特徴とするアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法を提供するものである。
【0007】
本発明は、
〔1〕 硝化綿を分散媒中に分散させ、該硝化綿を固相を保ったままアセチル化剤と触媒とを作用させて粗アセチル化硝化綿とした後、反応液と粗アセチル化硝化綿とを濾別し、濾別された粗アセチル化硝化綿を洗浄するアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法において、前記濾別された粗アセチル化硝化綿に洗浄剤として炭素数6〜8の芳香族炭化水素を添加して洗浄濾過し、生じた濾滓にさらに水を添加し、水の存在下で前記濾滓に残存する前記芳香族炭化水素を気化させてこれを除去する工程を有することを特徴とするアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔2〕 前記アセチル化剤が無水酢酸であり、前記分散媒が炭素数6〜8の芳香族炭化水素であることを特徴とする上記〔1〕記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔3〕 前記触媒がp−トルエンスルフォン酸及び過塩素酸からなる群から選ばれたものであることを特徴とする上記〔1〕又は〔2〕記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔4〕 前記水の中に界面活性剤を添加することを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔3〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;及び
〔5〕 前記芳香族炭化水素がトルエンであることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔4〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法、を提供する。
【0008】
別の態様では、本発明は、
〔6〕 アセチル化反応処理における反応液を洗浄するために用いた洗浄剤の付着した粗アセチル化硝化綿含有物に、水を添加し、水の存在下で前記洗浄剤付着粗アセチル化硝化綿含有物に存在している前記洗浄剤を気化させてこれを除去する工程を有することを特徴とするアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔7〕 洗浄剤が、炭化水素であることを特徴とする上記〔6〕記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔8〕 炭化水素が、芳香族炭化水素であることを特徴とする上記〔7〕記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔9〕 炭化水素が、炭素数6〜8の芳香族炭化水素であることを特徴とする上記〔8〕記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔10〕 炭化水素が、ベンゼン、トルエン、エチルベンゼン、キシレン及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選ばれたものであることを特徴とする上記〔9〕記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;及び
〔11〕 洗浄剤の付着した粗アセチル化硝化綿含有物が、硝化綿を分散媒中に分散させ、該硝化綿を固相を保ったままアセチル化剤と触媒とを作用させて粗アセチル化硝化綿とした後、反応液と粗アセチル化硝化綿とを濾別し、濾別された粗アセチル化硝化綿を洗浄するアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法において、前記濾別された粗アセチル化硝化綿に洗浄剤を添加して洗浄濾過し、生じた濾滓であることを特徴とする上記〔6〕〜〔10〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法、を提供する。
【0009】
また別の態様では、本発明は、
〔12〕 原料である硝化綿が、繊維径0.01mm〜0.05mmの微細繊維であって、分散媒中で分散する形態をしているものであることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔11〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔13〕 原料である硝化綿の硝化度が、0.5〜2.6であることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔12〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔14〕 分散媒が、硝化綿及びアセチル化硝化綿を溶解しないものであることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔13〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔15〕 分散媒が、常圧での沸点が40℃から200℃のの範囲に入る有機溶剤であることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔14〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
【0010】
〔16〕 分散媒が、炭化水素であることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔15〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔17〕 分散媒が、芳香族炭化水素であることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔16〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔18〕 分散媒が、炭素数6〜8の芳香族炭化水素であることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔17〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔19〕 分散媒が、ベンゼン、トルエン、エチルベンゼン、キシレン、及びそれらの2種以上の混合物からなる群から選ばれたものであることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔18〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔20〕 分散媒の使用量が、重量基準で硝化綿の10〜80倍であることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔19〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
【0011】
〔21〕 アセチル化剤として、無水酢酸が用いられ、その使用量が、アセチル化しようとする硝化綿中の水酸基1モルに対し2〜20モルであることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔20〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔22〕 アセチル化剤として、無水酢酸が用いられ、その使用量が、分散媒100重量部に対し20重量部以下であることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔21〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔23〕 アセチル化反応触媒が、有機スルフォン酸、過ハロゲン酸、硫酸、ピリジン、及びアミンからなる群から選ばれたものであることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔22〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔24〕 アセチル化反応触媒が、p−トルエンスルフォン酸及び過塩素酸からなる群から選ばれたものであることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔23〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
【0012】
〔25〕 アセチル化反応触媒である過塩素酸の使用量は、原料の硝化綿100重量部に対し純分として0.1〜5.0重量部であるか、アセチル化反応触媒であるp−トルエンスルフォン酸の使用量は、原料の硝化綿100重量部に対し純分として5〜60重量部であることを特徴とする上記〔24〕記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔26〕 アセチル化度が、0.3〜2.0であることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔25〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔27〕 アセチル化反応を、25℃〜50℃で行うことを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔26〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔28〕 アセチル化反応を、0.5時間〜5時間行うことを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔27〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
【0013】
〔29〕 反応液湿潤濾滓に添加する洗浄剤の量が、反応前の硝化綿の正味重量(乾燥重量)に対し、重量基準でその5〜80倍であることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔28〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔30〕 反応液湿潤濾滓に添加する洗浄剤の量が、反応前の硝化綿の正味重量(乾燥重量)に対し、重量基準でその8〜40倍であることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔28〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔31〕 洗浄剤付着濾滓(あるいは洗浄剤湿潤濾滓)に添加される水の量が、反応前の硝化綿の正味重量(乾燥重量)に対し、重量基準でその10〜80倍であることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔30〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
【0014】
〔32〕 洗浄剤付着濾滓(あるいは洗浄剤湿潤濾滓)に添加される水に界面活性剤が添加されていることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔31〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔33〕 界面活性剤はイオン性界面活性剤及び非イオン性界面活性剤からなる群から選ばれたものであることを特徴とする上記〔32〕記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔34〕 イオン性界面活性剤が、陽イオン性界面活性剤、陰イオン性界面活性剤、及び両性界面活性剤からなる群から選ばれたものであることを特徴とする上記〔33〕記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔35〕 界面活性剤の添加量が、洗浄剤付着濾滓(あるいは洗浄剤湿潤濾滓)に添加される水に対し重量基準で10〜10000ppmであることを特徴とする上記〔32〕〜〔34〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
【0015】
〔36〕 洗浄剤付着濾滓(あるいは洗浄剤湿潤濾滓)に添加される水に安定剤が添加されていることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔35〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔37〕 安定剤が、アルカリ金属及びアルカリ土類金属の化合物からなる群から選ばれたものであることを特徴とする上記〔36〕記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔38〕 安定剤が、ナトリウム、カリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム、ストロンチウム等の金属の水酸化物、又はこれらの金属と炭酸、酢酸等で代表される弱酸との塩からなる群から選ばれたものであることを特徴とする上記〔37〕記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔39〕 安定剤が、炭酸ナトリウム、酢酸ナトリウム、水酸化カルシウム、及び酢酸カルシウムからなる群から選ばれたものであることを特徴とする上記〔38〕記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
【0016】
〔40〕 粗アセチル化硝化綿と水と洗浄剤とを主成分とする混合物からの洗浄剤の気化が、反応器等のジャケット等から熱を加え(通常の蒸留)、及び/又は、別途発生させた水蒸気を当該容器中の当該混合物中に導きこの熱を気化に利用し(水蒸気蒸留)て行うことを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔39〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔41〕 蒸留を減圧下に行うことを特徴とする上記〔40〕記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔42〕 110℃以下で粗アセチル化硝化綿と水と洗浄剤とを主成分とする混合物からの洗浄剤の気化を行うことを特徴とする上記〔40〕記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔43〕 アセチル化反応処理における反応液を洗浄するために用いた洗浄剤の付着した粗アセチル化硝化綿含有物に、水を添加し、水の存在下で前記洗浄剤付着粗アセチル化硝化綿含有物に存在している前記洗浄剤を気化させてこれを除去する工程を経た粗アセチル化硝化綿を、水及び/又は洗浄溶剤で洗浄する工程に付すことを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔42〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
【0017】
〔44〕 洗浄溶剤が、炭素数1〜4のアルコールであることを特徴とする上記〔43〕記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔45〕 洗浄溶剤が、メタノール、エタノール、n−プロパノール、イソプロパノール、n−ブタノール、及びイソブタノールからなる群から選ばれたものであることを特徴とする上記〔44〕記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;
〔46〕 アセチル化反応処理における反応液を洗浄するために用いた洗浄剤の付着した粗アセチル化硝化綿含有物に、水を添加し、水の存在下で前記洗浄剤付着粗アセチル化硝化綿含有物に存在している前記洗浄剤を気化させてこれを除去する工程を経た粗アセチル化硝化綿に、60℃〜105℃の温度範囲で保持する熱処理操作を加えることを特徴とする上記〔1〕〜〔45〕のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法;及び
〔47〕 上記〔1〕〜〔46〕のいずれか一記載の方法で製造されたアセチル化硝化綿、を提供する。
なお、本明細書において、粗アセチル化硝化綿という用語は、アセチル化硝化綿が未精製であることを強調する場合に使用する。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に使用する原料の硝化綿については、繊維径が0.01mm〜0.05mm、好ましくは0.015mm〜0.04mmの微細繊維であって、前記分散媒中で分散する形態をしていなければならない。
本発明におけるアセチル化硝化綿の硝化度は原料の硝化綿の硝化度を選択することで変更することができる。ただし、製造工程中に脱硝酸し、アセチル化硝化綿の硝化度が硝化綿の硝化度よりも減少する場合があるので、これを考慮して原料硝化綿を選択すると良い。原料硝化綿の硝化度としては公知のものすべてを用いることができるが、0.5〜2.6、好ましくは1.0〜2.5の硝化度の硝化綿が好ましい。この値が0.5未満では、生じたアセチル化硝化綿と酢酸セルロースとの性能差が小さく、特徴がでにくい。この値が2.6を越えるものについても、生じたアセチル化硝化綿の特徴が硝化綿に比して出にくい。硝化綿の硝化度については、元素分析を行って、窒素量を調べること等により、求めることができる。
【0019】
以上に示した硝化綿を用いて、以下、これをアセチル化する方法を説明する。
硝化綿をアセチル化反応させる際の前記分散媒としては、硝化綿及びアセチル化硝化綿を溶解しないものである必要があり、その中でも、常圧での沸点が40℃から200℃、好ましくは50℃から150℃の範囲に入る有機溶剤であることが望ましい。この様な有機溶剤としては、炭化水素、例えば、芳香族炭化水素が挙げられ、それら有機溶剤の内、炭素数6〜8の芳香族炭化水素、具体的にはベンゼン、トルエン、エチルベンゼン、キシレンが特に好ましい。代表例としてはトルエンである。分散媒として用いられるこれらの有機溶剤は単独で使用しても、2種以上を混合して使用しても良い。分散媒の量としては、重量基準で硝化綿の10〜80倍、好ましくは15〜40倍が適当である。この値が10未満ではスラリの攪拌が充分できず均一な反応ができなくなる恐れがあり、80を越える場合は実施可能ではあるが生産効率が悪くなる。
なお、炭素数6〜8の芳香族炭化水素は、本発明においては、前記のように反応時の分散媒として使用されるが、後述されるように、炭素数6〜8の芳香族炭化水素は、反応後の洗浄剤としても使用され得る。
【0020】
前記アセチル化剤としては通常、無水酢酸が用いられる。その量の第1の制限として、アセチル化しようとする硝化綿中の水酸基1モルに対し無水酢酸が2〜20モル、好ましくは3〜15モルとすることが望ましい。この値が2モル未満でも、反応が実施できないわけではないが、アセチル化の反応に長時間を要する場合があり、一方20モルを越えて添加する意味はない。無水酢酸の量の第2の制限としては、前記分散媒100重量部に対し無水酢酸が20重量部以下、好ましくは15重量部以下であることが必要である。この値が20重量部を越えると、無水酢酸が硝化綿の良溶媒であるので、硝化綿が反応液すなわち分散媒と無水酢酸との混合液を主成分とする媒体に溶解する可能性が生じ、固相のまま硝化綿を反応させるという本発明の実施ができなくなる可能性がある。本発明においては、無水酢酸の量の第1及び第2の制限を同時に満足させることが必要である。
【0021】
前記触媒としては、有機スルフォン酸、過ハロゲン酸、硫酸、ピリジン、各種アミン等の一般的なアセチル化触媒が使用できるが、p−トルエンスルフォン酸、過塩素酸からなる群から選ばれたものを使用することが好ましい。これらの中で過塩素酸は少量で効果があり、安定性の良いアセチル化硝化綿を生成する点で特に好ましい。これらの触媒を重複して使用することもできる。これらの使用量としては、原料の硝化綿100重量部に対し、過塩素酸の場合は純分として0.1〜5.0重量部、好ましくは0.3〜2.0重量部であり、p−トルエンスルフォン酸の場合は純分として5〜60重量部、好ましくは10〜50重量部添加することが望ましい。これらの量より少ない場合は、アセチル化反応が進行しにくく、多すぎる場合は硝化綿の脱硝酸が起きやすい、触媒が無駄になる等の問題が生じる可能性がある。
【0022】
本発明におけるアセチル化硝化綿のアセチル化度は、基本的には原料の硝化綿の残存水酸基量以下になるが、前記脱硝酸の程度により原料の硝化綿の残存水酸基量よりも増加することもある。アセチル化度は反応時温度、反応時間、触媒の使用量、無水酢酸の使用量で制御できる。アセチル化度としては0.3〜2.0が好ましい。この値が0.3未満ではアセチル化硝化綿の耐熱性が硝化綿と比しあまり変わらず、アセチル化した効果が不足する。2.0を越える場合はアセチル化硝化綿と酢酸セルロースとの性能差が小さく、特徴がでにくい。
【0023】
反応温度については、25℃〜50℃、好ましくは30℃〜45℃とするのが良い。反応時間については0.5時間〜5時間、好ましくは1〜4時間の中で選択する。これらの温度、時間の範囲内でアセチル化度を制御できるが、これらの温度、時間の範囲外、すなわち反応温度が低いか、反応時間が短すぎる場合には、実質的にアセチル化反応が起きず、反応温度が高すぎるか、反応時間が長すぎる場合には脱硝酸がしやすい等の欠点が生じる可能性がある。
【0024】
以上、硝化綿をアセチル化反応させる方法を説明したが、以下はその後の工程を説明する。
すなわち、硝化綿をアセチル化反応させた後、まず、濾過して反応液(第1濾液)と粗アセチル化硝化綿(反応液湿潤濾滓)とを分離する。第1濾液からは、一般的に用いられる蒸留工程等により、反応原料としての無水酢酸、反応副生成物の酢酸、分散媒としての有機溶剤等を回収することができる。
濾過後の粗アセチル化硝化綿(反応液湿潤濾滓)は、そのままでは綿の表面に反応液が付着しており、さらに綿の中にも反応液が一部浸透した状態になっていたり、綿の中に触媒が結合している場合もあるため、アセチル化硝化綿としての安定性が悪い。したがって、前記粗アセチル化硝化綿(反応液湿潤濾滓)を洗浄する必要があり、以降洗浄工程に移行する。
本発明においては洗浄工程の内、第1の洗浄操作として、前記反応液湿潤濾滓にまず洗浄剤を添加して洗浄濾過し、濾液(第2濾液)と粗アセチル化硝化綿(洗浄剤湿潤濾滓)とに分離する。代表的には、本発明においては洗浄工程の内、第1の洗浄操作として、前記反応液湿潤濾滓にまず洗浄剤として炭素数6〜8の芳香族炭化水素を添加して洗浄濾過し、濾液(第2濾液)と粗アセチル化硝化綿(芳香族炭化水素湿潤濾滓)とに分離する。
【0025】
前記反応液湿潤濾滓に添加する洗浄剤としては、炭化水素、例えば、芳香族炭化水素が挙げられ、それら洗浄剤の内、炭素数6〜8の芳香族炭化水素が好ましい。該炭素数6〜8の芳香族炭化水素としては、具体的にはベンゼン、トルエン、エチルベンゼン、キシレンのいずれか1種又はこれらの混合物を用いる。代表例としてはトルエンである。
前記反応液湿潤濾滓に添加する洗浄剤としての炭素数6〜8の芳香族炭化水素の量は、反応前の硝化綿の正味重量(乾燥重量)に対し、重量基準でその5〜80倍、好ましくは8〜40倍が適当である。この値が5未満でも、実施できるが、無水酢酸の回収率が悪い場合がある。この値が80を越えても、実施できるが、当該芳香族炭化水素を回収する負担が大きくなる。
前記第2濾液は、前記第1濾液と同様に、一般的に用いられる蒸留工程等により、その中に含まれる、反応原料としての無水酢酸、反応副生成物の酢酸、分散媒又は洗浄剤としての有機溶剤等を回収することができる。このことによって、本発明においては、無水酢酸等の回収率が向上するので、有利となる。
【0026】
本発明においては洗浄工程の内、第2の洗浄操作として、前記洗浄剤湿潤濾滓を水(熱水)で洗浄しながら、これと同時に脱揮操作を行う。代表的には、本発明においては洗浄工程の内、第2の洗浄操作として、前記芳香族炭化水素湿潤濾滓を水(熱水)で洗浄しながら、これと同時に脱揮操作を行う。すなわち、容器中で前記芳香族炭化水素湿潤濾滓と水とを混合し、水の存在下で粗アセチル化硝化綿を昇温し、系内に含まれる芳香族炭化水素を気化させてこれを除去する。当該操作によって芳香族炭化水素の除去と同時に粗アセチル化硝化綿の比較的高温での洗浄(熱処理)が行われ、アセチル化硝化綿の安定性が向上する。また、洗浄後の水に芳香族炭化水素が実質的に含まれなくなるため、排水処理の負荷も軽減する長所がある。
【0027】
前記芳香族炭化水素湿潤濾滓と混合されるべき前記水の量は反応前の硝化綿の正味重量(乾燥重量)に対し、重量基準でその10〜80倍、好ましくは15〜40倍が適当である。この値が10未満でも、実施できないわけではないが、スラリの攪拌が不足したり、容器壁に一部の粗アセチル化硝化綿が付着したままになったりして、生じたアセチル化硝化綿の品質が不安定になる場合がある。この値が80を越える場合は実施可能ではあるが、比較的大きな容器が必要となり生産効率が悪くなる。
前記芳香族炭化水素湿潤濾滓は水とのなじみが悪く、容器中で当該濾滓と水とを混合分散させようとする時に、水面上に当該濾滓が浮く場合がある。この様な状態のままで昇温し、芳香族炭化水素を気化させようとすると、予期せぬ高温にさらされて粗アセチル化硝化綿が分解する恐れがある。芳香族炭化水素湿潤濾滓の主成分である粗アセチル化硝化綿が水中に分散した状態にするには、前記水中に界面活性剤を添加する方法を用いることができる。
【0028】
前記界面活性剤の種類としては特に制限はなく、イオン性界面活性剤(例えば、陽イオン性界面活性剤、陰イオン性界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤)、非イオン性界面活性剤がいずれも使用できる。界面活性剤の添加量は当該水に対し重量基準で10〜10000ppmが好ましい。この値が10ppm未満でも使用できないわけではないが、粗アセチル化硝化綿の水中での分散性が不充分になる場合がある。この値が10000ppmを越えても使用できないわけではないが、界面活性剤の使用量が増えるので経済的ではない。
また、脱揮操作の際の前記水の中にアセチル化硝化綿の安定剤を添加することができる。典型的には、脱揮操作の際の前記水の中にアセチル化硝化綿の安定剤として後に述べるアルカリ金属及び/又はアルカリ土類金属の化合物を添加することが好ましい。その種類、量等の詳細は後述する。
【0029】
前記の様な粗アセチル化硝化綿と水と芳香族炭化水素等とを主成分とする混合物から反応器等の容器の中で、芳香族炭化水素を気化させ排出するには、当該混合物を攪拌しながら、ジャケット等から熱を加え(通常の蒸留)、及び/又は、別途発生させた水蒸気を当該容器中の当該混合物中に導きこの熱を気化に利用し(水蒸気蒸留)、これらの結果、発生してきた水及び芳香族炭化水素の混合蒸気を当該容器外に導く。発生してきた混合蒸気はコンデンサにより、冷却し、液化させると良い。
【0030】
前記蒸留の際の圧力は大気圧でも良いが、減圧にして比較的低温で脱揮操作を行うこともできる。水及び芳香族炭化水素の組合せにより、多くの場合、共沸現象が生じ、その組合せと組成、圧力によって沸点は決まるので、それに応じて、ジャケット等への加熱操作を行う。系内には、多量の水と、それに比して少量の芳香族炭化水素とが存在するので、水と当該芳香族炭化水素とが気化すると先に当該芳香族炭化水素が系内から実質的になくなり水が残る。なお、脱揮時の温度は110℃以下、好ましくは105℃以下になるように、圧力を制御する。この温度が110℃を越えると、硝化綿が分解する場合がある。
脱揮の完了を知るには、系外に排出された芳香族炭化水素の量が平衡に達したことを確認する、系内の温度がその時点の圧力の水の沸点に達したことを確認する、系内の分散液のサンプリングを行いガスクロ等で芳香族炭化水素がほとんど検出されないことを確認する等の方法を単独であるいは組み合わせて用いることができる。
【0031】
脱揮操作を終了するには、ジャケット等の温度を下げ、減圧操作をしていた場合は圧力を大気圧にもどす。その後、濾過し、濾滓として得られた粗アセチル化硝化綿の洗浄の操作をさらに継続する。
脱揮操作後の洗浄工程(第3の洗浄操作以降)では、粗アセチル化硝化綿に対し水及び/又は洗浄溶剤で洗浄し濾過することを複数回繰り返す。水は安価であるため主に水での洗浄が中心となるが、水での洗浄に加えて、洗浄溶剤で洗浄する操作を行っても差し支えない。この場合の洗浄溶剤としては、アセチル化硝化綿を溶解させない有機溶剤が用いられ、炭素数1〜4のアルコール、たとえばメタノール、エタノール、n−プロパノール、イソプロパノール、n−ブタノール、イソブタノール等が洗浄溶剤として好ましく使用できる。当該アルコール類を使用した洗浄では、前記脱揮操作で既に芳香族炭化水素が除かれているため、アルコール類と芳香族炭化水素との混合物を生成することはなく、洗浄後のアルコール類の回収は一般的な蒸留操作等によって容易に行うことができる。
【0032】
また、前記脱揮操作でアセチル化硝化綿の熱処理は既になされているが、第3の洗浄操作以降の洗浄工程においても、水及び/又は前記洗浄溶剤中で60℃〜105℃の温度範囲で保持する熱処理操作を加えることもでき、この操作によってアセチル化硝化綿の安定性がさらに向上する場合がある。この場合の熱処理温度としては60℃〜105℃が好ましく、熱処理時間としては1〜6時間が好ましい。60℃未満では安定性向上効果が不足する場合があり、105℃を越えるとアセチル化硝化綿が徐々に分解する可能性がある。前記の熱処理は保持媒体を変えて複数回行うこともできる。すなわち、沸騰水中で熱処理することが通常良好であるが、これに加えて、その前又は後で、炭素数1〜4のアルコール、たとえばメタノール、エタノール、n−プロパノール、イソプロパノール、n−ブタノール、イソブタノール等の中で60℃〜105℃の中の適当な温度で熱処理することも可能である。これらの中ではイソプロパノールが特に好ましい。
【0033】
前記、洗浄剤としての水(脱揮操作の際の水を含む)の中にアセチル化硝化綿の安定剤としてアルカリ金属及び/又はアルカリ土類金属の化合物を添加することが好ましい。前記アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属の化合物としては、ナトリウム、カリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム、ストロンチウム等の金属の水酸化物、又はこれらの金属と炭酸、酢酸等で代表される弱酸との塩が用いられる。この様な化合物の例としては、炭酸ナトリウム、酢酸ナトリウム、水酸化カルシウム、酢酸カルシウムが例示できるが、これらに限定されない。
これらの化合物の使用法としては、水の中にこれらのいずれか1種又は複数種を10〜5000ppm、好ましくは50〜1000ppm程度溶解し、これを用いて、前記、脱揮操作、洗浄操作、熱処理操作を行うと良い。この濃度が10ppm未満では安定化が不足する場合があり、5000ppmを越える場合は、基本的な問題はないがその量に見合う効果は乏しい。
【0034】
なお、前記安定剤を含む水については、必ずしも脱揮操作、洗浄操作、熱処理操作の全工程で使用しなければならないと言うことはなく、脱揮操作、洗浄操作、熱処理操作のどれか一部だけで使用することもできる。なお、前記安定剤を前記洗浄溶剤、例えば炭素数1〜4のアルコール中に添加して使用することもできるし、反応終了後の粗アセチル化硝化綿と反応液との混合物中に添加して使用することもできる。
以上のようにして製造されたアセチル化硝化綿は耐熱性、安定性にすぐれ、火薬、塗料等の原料として使用することができる。
なお、詳細は実施例中に記載するが、本発明において、耐熱性は示差熱分析にて、安定性はJIS−K4810に規定される耐熱時間にて評価した。
【0035】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を用いて本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、実施例は本発明の範囲を限定するものではない。
[実施例1]
ダイセル化学工業(株)製の硝酸エステル置換度2.5の硝化綿100重量部(純分)をトルエン2600重量部に加え攪拌分散させた。攪拌しながら、これに無水酢酸109重量部を加えた。30℃に昇温してから、触媒の過塩素酸0.3重量部と酢酸20重量部の混合液を添加し、2時間攪拌して反応させた。反応後、酢酸ナトリウム0.5重量部を添加して冷却した。以上の間、硝化綿及びその反応生成物である粗アセチル化硝化綿は固相(微細な繊維状)を保っており、液中に分散状態になっていた。この固液混合物を濾過し、繊維状粉末固形物であるところの粗アセチル化硝化綿を主成分とする濾滓(反応液湿潤濾滓)と第1濾液とに分離した。
前記反応液湿潤濾滓に対しトルエン2600重量部を加え攪拌してから濾過し、粗アセチル化硝化綿を主成分とするトルエン湿潤濾滓と第2濾液とに分離した。第1濾液及び第2濾液をそれぞれガスクロで分析したところ、いずれも、無水酢酸、酢酸、トルエンの存在が確認され、これらを蒸留等により回収できることが判明した。
【0036】
一方、前記粗アセチル化硝化綿を主成分とするトルエン湿潤濾滓と、80℃の熱水3000重量部と、炭酸ナトリウム0.5重量部とをヒータで加熱されたフラスコ中で混合攪拌しながら、別の容器で水を熱して発生させた水蒸気をガラスチューブを通して、上記フラスコ内の水中に導入した。当該濾滓は大部分が塊となって水面上に浮かびながら、漂っていた。フラスコ内温が84℃に達した時、フラスコに連結したコンデンサから留出が始まった。一方、前記濾滓の塊は、徐々に沈み、水中で良好に攪拌分散されるようになった。そのまま、水蒸気蒸留を続けたところ、フラスコ内温が84℃から100℃まで1時間かかって徐々に上昇した。留出開始から1時間後のフラスコ内の液をサンプリングし、ガスクロでトルエンの有無を確認したところ、まだトルエンの痕跡のピークが見られた。さらに1時間水蒸気蒸留を続けたが、この間のフラスコ内温は100℃であった。留出開始から2時間後のフラスコ内の液をサンプリングし、ガスクロで同様に調べたところ、トルエンは検出されなかった。続いてフラスコを冷却し、内容物を濾過し、水湿濾滓を得た。
【0037】
前記水湿濾滓を合計10000重量部の水で3回に分けて洗浄濾過した後、水4000重量部と水酸化カルシウム0.2重量部との混合液で洗浄濾過した。この濾滓を2400重量部のエタノールで洗浄濾過し、濾滓として精製済みアセチル化硝化綿を得た。
このアセチル化硝化綿を原料の硝化綿とともに光学顕微鏡で観察したところ、原料の硝化綿が0.02〜0.03mm径で0.5〜2.0mm長のものが主要成分であったのに対し、当該硝化綿も全く同様の形態を示しており、前記製造工程を経ても、繊維の形態に変化は生じていないことが判明した。
このアセチル化硝化綿の赤外線吸収スペクトルをとったところ、硝酸エステルに基づく 1280 cm-1付近及び 1650 cm-1付近のどちらも強い吸収の他に、アセチル化の結果生じた酢酸エステルの吸収が 1220 cm-1付近及び 1750 cm-1付近にどちらも中程度の強度で見られた。原料の硝化綿に見られた 3500 cm-1付近の水酸基に基づく弱く幅広い吸収は非常に微弱になっており、この結果、硝化綿中の水酸基がほとんどすべてアセチル化されたアセチル化硝化綿が得られたことが確認された。
【0038】
このアセチル化硝化綿の耐熱性を調べるため、示差熱分析(DTA)を行った。示差熱分析用アルミ皿に1mgの前記アセチル化硝化綿を計量し、これにアセトンを数滴たらして溶解し、これを乾燥させてアルミ皿の底にアセチル化硝化綿の膜を形成させた。このサンプルについて、(株)島津製作所製の示差熱分析装置DT40を用いて、アルゴン気流中、昇温速度10℃/minの条件で示差熱分析を行ったところ、209℃をピークとする熱分解の発熱曲線が得られた。
さらにこのアセチル化硝化綿の安定性を調べるため、試験紙としてヨードカリでん粉紙を用いた65℃耐熱試験(JIS−K4810)で耐熱時間を測定したところ、40分以上(40分経過しても試験紙が未変色のため評価を打ち切り)であった。
以上の試験結果は表1にまとめて示した。
【0039】
[比較例1]
実施例1に用いた原料の硝化綿を用いて、同様の示差熱分析及び耐熱時間を行ったところ、表1に示すとおり、発熱ピーク温度が199℃、65℃耐熱試験での耐熱時間が38分の結果を得た。これらの結果を赤外線吸収スペクトルの結果とともに表1に示した。
【0040】
[実施例2] 実施例1で用いた80℃の熱水3000重量部の中に三洋化成工業(株)製の非イオン性界面活性剤(商品名オクタポール80)2重量部を添加することを除いて、実施例1と同様の実験を繰り返した。実施例1では水蒸気蒸留操作の初期にトルエン湿潤濾滓が水面上に浮かぶ現象が観察されたのに対し、本実施例では、トルエン湿潤濾滓は水面に浮かぶことなく、最初から良好にフラスコ中で攪拌分散されるのが観察された。その他に関しては実施例1と同様の結果を得た。以上の試験結果は表1にまとめて示した。
【0041】
【表1】

Figure 0004332683
【0042】
【発明の効果】
以上のとおり、本発明によって、濾別された粗アセチル化硝化綿に付着している反応液中の無水酢酸や酢酸等をも回収できて、原料の使用率が良好であり、しかも洗浄工程でアルコール類とトルエン等との混合液を生成することなく、したがって、溶剤回収にも有利なアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法を提供できた。さらに、粗アセチル化硝化綿に付着する洗浄剤、例えば、トルエン等を蒸留で除くので、排水処理への負荷も小さいアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法を提供できた。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton (also known as cellulose acetate nitrate) used as a raw material for explosives, paints and the like. In particular, the present invention provides acetylated nitrified cotton having a stable product particle size, excellent heat resistance and stability, producing a high rate of use of raw materials, and reducing the load on wastewater treatment. Regarding the method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Acetylated nitrified cotton is obtained by heat-resistant nitrified cotton (also known as nitrocellulose). As disclosed in JP-A-56-82849 and JP-A-8-277301, nitrified cotton is suitable. It is dissolved in an organic solvent, acetylated using acetic anhydride or the like and an appropriate catalyst, and precipitated in water or alcohol. Called solution reaction method).
Separately from this, the present inventors, in Japanese Patent Application No. 10-195292, dispersed acetic anhydride and an appropriate catalyst while dispersing the nitrified cotton in an appropriate dispersion medium and maintaining the fibrous state (solid phase). A method for obtaining acetylated nitrified cotton by washing with water after filtration (hereinafter referred to as solid-liquid reaction method) was proposed, and this method did not contribute to the reaction. It was made possible to recover acetic anhydride and to provide acetylated nitrified cotton having stable product particle size, excellent heat resistance and stability.
[0003]
In the above-mentioned solid-liquid reaction method, it was possible to recover most of acetic anhydride that did not contribute to the reaction. In this respect, it was more advantageous than the solution reaction method. The filtered crude acetylated nitrified cotton after filtration from the nitrified nitrified cotton still contains a portion of acetic anhydride because the reaction solution adheres to it. Directly washing with water or alcohol, acetic anhydride reacted with water or alcohol, resulting in poor acetic anhydride recovery.
[0004]
Therefore, the crude acetylated nitrified cotton separated by filtration is washed with an aromatic hydrocarbon such as toluene, so that acetic anhydride in the reaction solution of the crude acetylated nitrified cotton can be recovered, thereby increasing the acetic anhydride recovery rate. It is also possible. However, in this case, crude acetylated nitrified cotton moistened with toluene or the like is produced, and this does not fit well with water. Therefore, washing with water can be performed only after washing with alcohols. As a result, it is necessary to recover a mixed solution of alcohols and toluene, but the mixture is very difficult to separate by distillation, and the recovery process is complicated.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the present invention, in view of the above disadvantages, acetic anhydride in the reaction liquid adhering to the filtered crude acetylated nitrifying cotton can be recovered, and a mixed liquid of alcohols and toluene is produced in the washing process. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton that is advantageous for solvent recovery.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies, and after filtering the reaction solution and the crude acetylated nitrified cotton, the above problem can be overcome by devising a method for treating the filtered crude acetylated nitrified cotton. The headline and the present invention were completed.
That is, in the present invention, nitrified cotton is dispersed in a dispersion medium, and the nitrified cotton is made into a crude acetylated nitrified cotton by acting an acetylating agent and a catalyst while maintaining a solid phase, and then the reaction solution and crude acetylated cotton are reacted. In the method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton, the acetylated nitrified cotton is separated from the nitrified cotton, and the filtered crude acetylated nitrified cotton is washed. The detergent is applied to the filtered crude acetylated nitrified cotton (reaction liquid wet filter cake). As a result, an aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 8 carbon atoms is added and washed and filtered, and water is further added to the resulting filter cake (aromatic hydrocarbon wet filter cake), which remains in the filter cake in the presence of water. The present invention provides a method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton, comprising the step of vaporizing the aromatic hydrocarbon and removing it.
[0007]
The present invention
[1] Nitrified cotton is dispersed in a dispersion medium, and the nitrified cotton is made into a crude acetylated nitrified cotton by allowing an acetylating agent and a catalyst to act while maintaining a solid phase. In the method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton, in which the filtered crude acetylated nitrified cotton is washed, the filtered crude acetylated nitrified cotton has an aromatic carbonization of 6 to 8 carbon atoms as a cleaning agent. Adding hydrogen, washing and filtering, adding water to the resulting filter cake, and evaporating the aromatic hydrocarbon remaining in the filter cake in the presence of water to remove it. A method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton;
[2] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to [1], wherein the acetylating agent is acetic anhydride, and the dispersion medium is an aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 8 carbon atoms;
[3] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to [1] or [2] above, wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of p-toluenesulfonic acid and perchloric acid;
[4] A method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to any one of the above [1] to [3], wherein a surfactant is added to the water; and
[5] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon is toluene.
[0008]
In another aspect, the invention provides:
[6] Water is added to the crude acetylated nitrified cotton-containing material to which the detergent used for washing the reaction liquid in the acetylation reaction treatment is attached, and the detergent-attached crude acetylated nitrified cotton is added in the presence of water. A method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton, comprising the step of vaporizing and removing the cleaning agent present in the inclusion;
[7] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to [6] above, wherein the cleaning agent is a hydrocarbon;
[8] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to [7] above, wherein the hydrocarbon is an aromatic hydrocarbon;
[9] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to [8] above, wherein the hydrocarbon is an aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 8 carbon atoms;
[10] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to [9] above, wherein the hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and mixtures thereof; and
[11] Crude acetylated nitrified cotton-containing material with a detergent attached is dispersed in nitrified cotton in a dispersion medium, and the acetylated agent and catalyst are allowed to act while maintaining the solid phase of the nitrified cotton. In the manufacturing method of acetylated nitrified cotton, the reaction solution and the crude acetylated nitrified cotton are separated by filtration, and the filtered crude acetylated nitrified cotton is washed. A method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton as described in any one of [6] to [10] above, wherein the resulting filter cake is obtained by adding a cleaning agent to cotton and performing filtration and filtration.
[0009]
In another aspect, the present invention provides:
[12] The above-mentioned [1], wherein the nitrified cotton as a raw material is a fine fiber having a fiber diameter of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm and is dispersed in a dispersion medium. [11] The method for producing an acetylated nitrified cotton according to any one of
[13] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to any one of the above [1] to [12], wherein the nitrification degree of the nitrified cotton as a raw material is 0.5 to 2.6;
[14] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to any one of the above [1] to [13], wherein the dispersion medium does not dissolve nitrified cotton and acetylated nitrified cotton;
[15] The acetylated nitrified cotton according to any one of [1] to [14] above, wherein the dispersion medium is an organic solvent having a boiling point of 40 ° C. to 200 ° C. at normal pressure. Manufacturing method of
[0010]
[16] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to any one of [1] to [15] above, wherein the dispersion medium is a hydrocarbon;
[17] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to any one of the above [1] to [16], wherein the dispersion medium is an aromatic hydrocarbon;
[18] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to any one of the above [1] to [17], wherein the dispersion medium is an aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 8 carbon atoms;
[19] Any one of the above [1] to [18], wherein the dispersion medium is selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and a mixture of two or more thereof. A method for producing the acetylated nitrified cotton according to the description;
[20] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to any one of the above [1] to [19], wherein the amount of the dispersion medium used is 10 to 80 times that of nitrified cotton on a weight basis;
[0011]
[21] Acetic anhydride is used as the acetylating agent, and the amount used is 2 to 20 moles relative to 1 mole of hydroxyl groups in the nitrified cotton to be acetylated. 20] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to any one of
[22] As described in any one of [1] to [21], acetic anhydride is used as the acetylating agent, and the amount used is 20 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the dispersion medium. Of producing acetylated nitrified cotton of
[23] Any one of [1] to [22] above, wherein the acetylation reaction catalyst is selected from the group consisting of organic sulfonic acid, perhalogenic acid, sulfuric acid, pyridine, and amine. A method for producing the acetylated nitrified cotton according to the description;
[24] The acetylated nitrification according to any one of [1] to [23], wherein the acetylation reaction catalyst is selected from the group consisting of p-toluenesulfonic acid and perchloric acid. Cotton production method;
[0012]
[25] The amount of perchloric acid used as the acetylation reaction catalyst is 0.1 to 5.0 parts by weight as a pure component relative to 100 parts by weight of the raw material nitrified cotton, or p- The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to the above [24], wherein the amount of toluenesulfonic acid used is 5 to 60 parts by weight as a pure component with respect to 100 parts by weight of the raw material nitrified cotton;
[26] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to any one of the above [1] to [25], wherein the degree of acetylation is 0.3 to 2.0;
[27] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to any one of the above [1] to [26], wherein the acetylation reaction is performed at 25 ° C to 50 ° C;
[28] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to any one of the above [1] to [27], wherein the acetylation reaction is performed for 0.5 hours to 5 hours;
[0013]
[29] The above-mentioned [1], wherein the amount of the detergent added to the reaction solution wet filter cake is 5 to 80 times on a weight basis with respect to the net weight (dry weight) of the nitrified cotton before the reaction. ] The manufacturing method of the acetylation nitrification cotton as described in any one of-[28];
[30] The above-mentioned [1], wherein the amount of the detergent added to the reaction solution wet filter cake is 8 to 40 times on a weight basis with respect to the net weight (dry weight) of the nitrified cotton before the reaction. ] The manufacturing method of the acetylation nitrification cotton as described in any one of-[28];
[31] The amount of water added to the detergent adhering filter cake (or the detergent wet filter cake) is 10 to 80 times the net weight (dry weight) of the nitrified cotton before the reaction. The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to any one of [1] to [30] above,
[0014]
[32] The acetyl as described in any one of [1] to [31] above, wherein a surfactant is added to water added to the detergent-attached filter cake (or the detergent-moist filter cake). A method for producing nitrified cotton;
[33] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to [32] above, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of an ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;
[34] The above-mentioned [33], wherein the ionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, and an amphoteric surfactant. Production method of acetylated nitrified cotton;
[35] The above [32] to [32], wherein the surfactant is added in an amount of 10 to 10000 ppm on a weight basis with respect to water added to the detergent-attached filter cake (or the detergent wet filter cake). 34] the method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to any one of
[0015]
[36] The acetylation according to any one of [1] to [35] above, wherein a stabilizer is added to water added to the detergent-attached filter cake (or the detergent-moist filter cake). Manufacturing method of nitrified cotton;
[37] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to [36] above, wherein the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal compounds;
[38] The stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of hydroxides of metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and strontium, or salts of these metals with weak acids such as carbonic acid and acetic acid. The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to [37] above, characterized by:
[39] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to [38] above, wherein the stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of sodium carbonate, sodium acetate, calcium hydroxide, and calcium acetate;
[0016]
[40] Vaporization of detergent from a mixture consisting mainly of crude acetylated nitrified cotton, water, and detergent, with heat applied from a reactor jacket or the like (ordinary distillation) and / or separately generated The acetylated nitrified cotton according to any one of the above [1] to [39], wherein the water vapor introduced is introduced into the mixture in the vessel and the heat is used for vaporization (steam distillation). Production method;
[41] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to [40], wherein distillation is performed under reduced pressure;
[42] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to [40], wherein the cleaning agent is vaporized from a mixture mainly composed of crude acetylated nitrifying cotton, water, and a cleaning agent at 110 ° C. or lower. ;
[43] Water is added to the crude acetylated nitrified cotton-containing material to which the detergent used for washing the reaction liquid in the acetylation reaction treatment is attached, and the detergent-attached crude acetylated nitrified cotton is added in the presence of water. [1] to [1] above, wherein the crude acetylated nitrified cotton subjected to the step of vaporizing and removing the cleaning agent present in the inclusions is subjected to a step of cleaning with water and / or a cleaning solvent. [42] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to any one of
[0017]
[44] The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to [43], wherein the cleaning solvent is an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
[45] The acetylated nitrified cotton according to [44], wherein the cleaning solvent is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, and isobutanol. Production method;
[46] Water is added to the crude acetylated nitrified cotton-containing material to which the detergent used for washing the reaction liquid in the acetylation reaction treatment is attached, and the detergent-attached crude acetylated nitrified cotton is added in the presence of water. The above-mentioned heat treatment operation, which is carried out in a temperature range of 60 ° C. to 105 ° C., is added to the crude acetylated nitrified cotton that has undergone the step of vaporizing and removing the cleaning agent present in the content. 1] to [45], the method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton; and
[47] An acetylated nitrified cotton produced by the method according to any one of [1] to [46] is provided.
In this specification, the term crude acetylated nitrified cotton is used to emphasize that acetylated nitrified cotton is unrefined.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The raw nitrified cotton used in the present invention is a fine fiber having a fiber diameter of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm, preferably 0.015 mm to 0.04 mm, and is dispersed in the dispersion medium. There must be.
The nitrification degree of the acetylated nitrified cotton in the present invention can be changed by selecting the nitrification degree of the raw material nitrified cotton. However, denitrification may be performed during the manufacturing process, and the nitrification degree of acetylated nitrified cotton may be lower than the nitrification degree of nitrified cotton. As the nitrification degree of the raw material nitrification cotton, all known nitrification degrees can be used, but nitrification cotton having a nitrification degree of 0.5 to 2.6, preferably 1.0 to 2.5 is preferable. If this value is less than 0.5, the difference in performance between the generated acetylated nitrified cotton and cellulose acetate is small, and the characteristics are difficult to appear. Even when this value exceeds 2.6, the characteristics of the resulting acetylated nitrified cotton are less likely to appear than nitrified cotton. The nitrification degree of nitrified cotton can be determined by conducting elemental analysis and examining the amount of nitrogen.
[0019]
Hereinafter, a method for acetylating the nitrified cotton described above will be described.
The dispersion medium used for acetylation reaction of nitrified cotton needs to be one that does not dissolve nitrified cotton and acetylated nitrified cotton. Among them, the boiling point at normal pressure is 40 ° C. to 200 ° C., preferably 50 Desirably, the organic solvent falls within the range of from 150 ° C to 150 ° C. Examples of such organic solvents include hydrocarbons such as aromatic hydrocarbons. Among these organic solvents, aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, specifically, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Particularly preferred. A representative example is toluene. These organic solvents used as the dispersion medium may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of the dispersion medium is 10 to 80 times, preferably 15 to 40 times that of nitrified cotton on a weight basis. If this value is less than 10, stirring of the slurry cannot be sufficiently performed and a uniform reaction may not be possible. If it exceeds 80, although it can be carried out, the production efficiency is deteriorated.
In the present invention, the aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 8 carbon atoms is used as a dispersion medium at the time of reaction as described above. As will be described later, the aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 8 carbon atoms is used. Can also be used as a cleaning agent after the reaction.
[0020]
As the acetylating agent, acetic anhydride is usually used. As a first limitation of the amount, it is desirable that acetic anhydride be 2 to 20 mol, preferably 3 to 15 mol, per 1 mol of hydroxyl group in the nitrified cotton to be acetylated. Even if this value is less than 2 mol, the reaction cannot be carried out, but the acetylation reaction may take a long time, while it does not make sense to add more than 20 mol. As a second limitation on the amount of acetic anhydride, acetic anhydride is required to be 20 parts by weight or less, preferably 15 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the dispersion medium. If this value exceeds 20 parts by weight, acetic anhydride is a good solvent for nitrified cotton, so that nitrified cotton may be dissolved in a reaction liquid, that is, a medium mainly composed of a mixture of a dispersion medium and acetic anhydride. There is a possibility that the present invention of reacting nitrified cotton in the solid phase cannot be carried out. In the present invention, it is necessary to satisfy the first and second limits on the amount of acetic anhydride simultaneously.
[0021]
As the catalyst, general acetylation catalysts such as organic sulfonic acid, perhalogenic acid, sulfuric acid, pyridine and various amines can be used, but those selected from the group consisting of p-toluenesulfonic acid and perchloric acid are used. It is preferable to use it. Among these, perchloric acid is particularly effective in that it is effective in a small amount and produces acetylated nitrified cotton having good stability. These catalysts can be used in duplicate. The amount used is 100 parts by weight of the raw material nitrified cotton, and in the case of perchloric acid, 0.1 to 5.0 parts by weight, preferably 0.3 to 2.0 parts by weight, In the case of p-toluenesulfonic acid, it is desirable to add 5 to 60 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 50 parts by weight as a pure component. When the amount is less than these amounts, the acetylation reaction is difficult to proceed, and when the amount is too large, there is a possibility that denitrification of the nitrified cotton tends to occur or the catalyst is wasted.
[0022]
The degree of acetylation of the acetylated nitrified cotton in the present invention is basically equal to or less than the amount of residual hydroxyl groups in the raw material nitrified cotton, but may be increased from the amount of residual hydroxyl groups in the raw nitrified cotton depending on the degree of denitrification. is there. The degree of acetylation can be controlled by the reaction temperature, reaction time, amount of catalyst used, and amount of acetic anhydride. The degree of acetylation is preferably 0.3 to 2.0. If this value is less than 0.3, the heat resistance of acetylated nitrified cotton is not so different from that of nitrified cotton, and the effect of acetylation is insufficient. When it exceeds 2.0, the performance difference between acetylated nitrified cotton and cellulose acetate is small, and the characteristics are difficult to be obtained.
[0023]
About reaction temperature, it is good to set it as 25 to 50 degreeC, Preferably it is 30 to 45 degreeC. The reaction time is selected from 0.5 hours to 5 hours, preferably from 1 to 4 hours. The degree of acetylation can be controlled within these temperature and time ranges, but when these temperatures and time ranges are outside, that is, when the reaction temperature is low or the reaction time is too short, the acetylation reaction substantially takes place. However, if the reaction temperature is too high or the reaction time is too long, there is a possibility that defects such as easy denitrification may occur.
[0024]
The method for acetylating nitrified cotton has been described above. The following steps will be described below.
That is, after nitrifying cotton is acetylated, first, the reaction solution (first filtrate) and crude acetylated nitrifying cotton (reaction solution wet filter cake) are separated by filtration. From the first filtrate, acetic anhydride as a reaction raw material, acetic acid as a reaction by-product, an organic solvent as a dispersion medium, and the like can be recovered by a commonly used distillation step or the like.
After filtration, the crude acetylated nitrified cotton (reaction liquid wet filter cake) has the reaction liquid adhering to the cotton surface as it is, and the reaction liquid has partially penetrated into the cotton, Since the catalyst may be bound in the cotton, the stability as acetylated nitrified cotton is poor. Therefore, it is necessary to wash the crude acetylated nitrified cotton (reaction solution wet filter cake), and the process proceeds to the washing step.
In the present invention, as a first washing operation in the washing step, first, a washing agent is added to the reaction solution wet filter cake, followed by washing filtration, and the filtrate (second filtrate) and crude acetylated nitrified cotton (washing agent wet) And filter cake). Typically, in the present invention, in the washing step, as a first washing operation, an aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 8 carbon atoms is first added to the reaction solution wet filter cake as a washing agent, followed by washing filtration. Separated into filtrate (second filtrate) and crude acetylated nitrified cotton (aromatic hydrocarbon wet filter cake).
[0025]
Examples of the detergent added to the reaction solution wet filter cake include hydrocarbons such as aromatic hydrocarbons, and among these detergents, aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 8 carbon atoms are preferable. As the aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, specifically, any one of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene or a mixture thereof is used. A representative example is toluene.
The amount of the aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 8 carbon atoms as a cleaning agent added to the reaction solution wet filter cake is 5 to 80 times the net weight (dry weight) of the nitrified cotton before the reaction. Preferably, 8 to 40 times is appropriate. Although it can be carried out even if this value is less than 5, the recovery rate of acetic anhydride may be poor. Even if this value exceeds 80, it can be carried out, but the burden of recovering the aromatic hydrocarbon is increased.
As with the first filtrate, the second filtrate contains acetic anhydride as a reaction raw material, acetic acid as a reaction by-product, a dispersion medium, or a cleaning agent, which is contained in a generally used distillation step or the like. The organic solvent and the like can be recovered. This is advantageous in the present invention because the recovery rate of acetic anhydride and the like is improved.
[0026]
In the present invention, as a second washing operation in the washing step, the devolatilizing operation is performed simultaneously with washing the detergent wet cake with water (hot water). Typically, in the present invention, as the second washing operation in the washing step, the aromatic hydrocarbon wet filter cake is washed with water (hot water), and at the same time, the devolatilization operation is performed. That is, the aromatic hydrocarbon wet filter cake and water are mixed in a container, and the temperature of the crude acetylated nitrified cotton is raised in the presence of water to vaporize the aromatic hydrocarbons contained in the system. Remove. By this operation, the aromatic hydrocarbon is removed and the crude acetylated nitrified cotton is washed (heat treatment) at a relatively high temperature, and the stability of the acetylated nitrified cotton is improved. In addition, since the aromatic water is substantially not contained in the washed water, there is an advantage that the load of waste water treatment is reduced.
[0027]
The amount of the water to be mixed with the aromatic hydrocarbon wet filter cake is 10 to 80 times, preferably 15 to 40 times, on a weight basis with respect to the net weight (dry weight) of the nitrified cotton before reaction. It is. Even if this value is less than 10, it is not impossible to carry out, but the stirring of the slurry is insufficient, or some crude acetylated nitrified cotton remains attached to the container wall, and the resulting acetylated nitrified cotton is Quality may become unstable. If this value exceeds 80, it is possible to implement, but a relatively large container is required, resulting in poor production efficiency.
The aromatic hydrocarbon wet filter cake does not fit well with water, and when the filter cake and water are mixed and dispersed in a container, the filter cake may float on the water surface. If the temperature is raised in such a state to vaporize the aromatic hydrocarbon, the crude acetylated nitrified cotton may be decomposed by being exposed to an unexpectedly high temperature. In order to make the crude acetylated nitrified cotton, which is the main component of the aromatic hydrocarbon wet cake, dispersed in water, a method of adding a surfactant to the water can be used.
[0028]
The type of the surfactant is not particularly limited, and any of ionic surfactants (for example, cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants) and nonionic surfactants can be used. Can be used. The addition amount of the surfactant is preferably 10 to 10,000 ppm based on the weight of the water. Even if this value is less than 10 ppm, it is not impossible to use, but dispersibility of the crude acetylated nitrified cotton in water may be insufficient. Even if this value exceeds 10,000 ppm, it cannot be used, but it is not economical because the amount of the surfactant used increases.
Moreover, the stabilizer of acetylation nitrification cotton can be added in the said water in the case of devolatilization operation. Typically, it is preferable to add an alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal compound described later as a stabilizer for acetylated nitrifying cotton into the water during the devolatilization operation. Details of the type and amount will be described later.
[0029]
In order to vaporize and discharge aromatic hydrocarbons in a vessel such as a reactor from a mixture mainly composed of crude acetylated nitrified cotton, water and aromatic hydrocarbons as described above, the mixture is stirred. Meanwhile, heat is applied from a jacket or the like (ordinary distillation), and / or steam generated separately is introduced into the mixture in the vessel and used for vaporization (steam distillation). The generated mixed steam of water and aromatic hydrocarbon is led out of the container. The generated mixed steam is preferably cooled by a condenser and liquefied.
[0030]
The pressure during the distillation may be atmospheric pressure, but the devolatilization operation can be performed at a relatively low temperature by reducing the pressure. In many cases, the combination of water and aromatic hydrocarbons causes an azeotropic phenomenon, and the boiling point is determined by the combination, composition, and pressure, and accordingly, a heating operation to a jacket or the like is performed. Since a large amount of water and a small amount of aromatic hydrocarbons are present in the system, when the water and the aromatic hydrocarbons are vaporized, the aromatic hydrocarbons are substantially removed from the system first. The water remains. Note that the pressure is controlled so that the temperature during devolatilization is 110 ° C. or lower, preferably 105 ° C. or lower. When this temperature exceeds 110 ° C., nitrified cotton may decompose.
To know the completion of devolatilization, confirm that the amount of aromatic hydrocarbons discharged out of the system has reached equilibrium, and confirm that the temperature in the system has reached the boiling point of water at the current pressure A method such as sampling the dispersion in the system and confirming that almost no aromatic hydrocarbons are detected by gas chromatography or the like can be used alone or in combination.
[0031]
To complete the devolatilization operation, the temperature of the jacket or the like is lowered, and when the pressure is reduced, the pressure is returned to atmospheric pressure. Thereafter, the operation of washing the crude acetylated nitrified cotton obtained by filtration and obtained as a filter cake is further continued.
In the washing step after the devolatilization operation (after the third washing operation), washing and filtering the crude acetylated nitrified cotton with water and / or a washing solvent is repeated a plurality of times. Since water is inexpensive, it is mainly washed with water, but in addition to washing with water, an operation of washing with a washing solvent may be performed. As the cleaning solvent in this case, an organic solvent that does not dissolve acetylated nitrifying cotton is used, and alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol and the like are cleaning solvents. Can be preferably used. In the cleaning using the alcohols, since the aromatic hydrocarbon has already been removed by the devolatilization operation, a mixture of the alcohols and the aromatic hydrocarbon is not generated, and the alcohols after the cleaning are recovered. Can be easily performed by a general distillation operation or the like.
[0032]
In addition, the heat treatment of the acetylated nitrified cotton has already been performed by the devolatilization operation, but also in the cleaning step after the third cleaning operation, in the temperature range of 60 ° C. to 105 ° C. in water and / or the cleaning solvent. A holding heat treatment operation may be added, and this operation may further improve the stability of the acetylated nitrified cotton. In this case, the heat treatment temperature is preferably 60 ° C. to 105 ° C., and the heat treatment time is preferably 1 to 6 hours. If it is less than 60 degreeC, the stability improvement effect may be insufficient, and if it exceeds 105 degreeC, an acetylated nitrified cotton may decompose | disassemble gradually. The heat treatment can be performed a plurality of times by changing the holding medium. That is, it is usually good to heat-treat in boiling water, but in addition, before or after that, alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, It is also possible to perform heat treatment at an appropriate temperature in the range of 60 ° C. to 105 ° C. in butanol or the like. Of these, isopropanol is particularly preferred.
[0033]
It is preferable to add an alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal compound as a stabilizer for the acetylated nitrified cotton in the water (including water for devolatilization) as the cleaning agent. Examples of the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal compounds include metal hydroxides such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and strontium, or salts of these metals with weak acids typified by carbonic acid and acetic acid. . Examples of such compounds include, but are not limited to, sodium carbonate, sodium acetate, calcium hydroxide, and calcium acetate.
As a method of using these compounds, any one or more of these compounds are dissolved in water at 10 to 5000 ppm, preferably about 50 to 1000 ppm, and using this, the devolatilization operation, washing operation, A heat treatment operation may be performed. If this concentration is less than 10 ppm, stabilization may be insufficient. If it exceeds 5000 ppm, there is no basic problem, but the effect commensurate with the amount is poor.
[0034]
In addition, the water containing the stabilizer does not necessarily have to be used in all steps of devolatilization operation, cleaning operation, and heat treatment operation, and any one of devolatilization operation, cleaning operation, and heat treatment operation. Can be used alone. The stabilizer can be used by adding it to the cleaning solvent, for example, alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or added to the mixture of the crude acetylated nitrified cotton and the reaction liquid after completion of the reaction. It can also be used.
The acetylated nitrified cotton produced as described above has excellent heat resistance and stability, and can be used as a raw material for explosives, paints and the like.
Although details are described in the examples, in the present invention, the heat resistance was evaluated by differential thermal analysis, and the stability was evaluated by the heat resistance time defined in JIS-K4810.
[0035]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated further in detail using an Example, an Example does not limit the scope of the present invention.
[Example 1]
100 parts by weight (pure) of nitrified cotton having a nitrate ester substitution degree of 2.5 manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. was added to 2600 parts by weight of toluene and dispersed by stirring. While stirring, 109 parts by weight of acetic anhydride was added thereto. After the temperature was raised to 30 ° C., a mixed solution of 0.3 parts by weight of perchloric acid and 20 parts by weight of acetic acid as a catalyst was added and reacted by stirring for 2 hours. After the reaction, 0.5 parts by weight of sodium acetate was added and cooled. As described above, the nitrified cotton and the crude acetylated nitrified cotton which is a reaction product thereof were kept in a solid phase (fine fibrous form) and were dispersed in the liquid. This solid-liquid mixture was filtered and separated into a filter cake (reaction solution wet filter cake) mainly composed of crude acetylated nitrified cotton, which is a fibrous powder solid, and a first filtrate.
To the reaction solution wet filter cake, 2600 parts by weight of toluene was added and stirred, followed by filtration to separate into a toluene wet filter cake mainly composed of crude acetylated nitrified cotton and a second filtrate. When the first filtrate and the second filtrate were each analyzed by gas chromatography, the presence of acetic anhydride, acetic acid, and toluene was confirmed, and it was found that these could be recovered by distillation or the like.
[0036]
On the other hand, while mixing and stirring the toluene wet filter cake mainly composed of the crude acetylated nitrified cotton, 3000 parts by weight of hot water at 80 ° C., and 0.5 parts by weight of sodium carbonate in a flask heated by a heater. Water vapor generated by heating water in another container was introduced into the water in the flask through a glass tube. The filter cake was floating, mostly as a lump, floating on the water surface. When the flask internal temperature reached 84 ° C., distillation began from the condenser connected to the flask. On the other hand, the lump of the filter cake gradually subsided and was well dispersed with stirring in water. When steam distillation was continued as it was, the flask internal temperature gradually increased from 84 ° C. to 100 ° C. over 1 hour. When the liquid in the flask 1 hour after the start of distillation was sampled and the presence or absence of toluene was confirmed by gas chromatography, a trace peak of toluene was still observed. Steam distillation was continued for another hour, and the temperature in the flask during this period was 100 ° C. When the liquid in the flask 2 hours after the start of distillation was sampled and examined in the same manner by gas chromatography, toluene was not detected. Subsequently, the flask was cooled and the contents were filtered to obtain a water-moisture filter cake.
[0037]
The water-moisture filter cake was washed and filtered three times with a total of 10,000 parts by weight of water, and then washed and filtered with a mixed solution of 4000 parts by weight of water and 0.2 parts by weight of calcium hydroxide. This filter cake was washed and filtered with 2400 parts by weight of ethanol to obtain purified acetylated nitrified cotton as a filter cake.
When this acetylated nitrified cotton was observed with an optical microscope together with the nitrified cotton as a raw material, the nitrified cotton as a raw material had a diameter of 0.02 to 0.03 mm and a length of 0.5 to 2.0 mm as a main component. On the other hand, the nitrified cotton showed exactly the same form, and it was found that the fiber form did not change even after the production process.
An infrared absorption spectrum of this acetylated nitrified cotton was taken. -1 Near and 1650 cm -1 In addition to strong absorption in both nearby areas, the absorption of acetate resulting from acetylation is 1220 cm -1 Near and 1750 cm -1 Both were found at moderate intensity in the vicinity. 3500 cm seen in raw nitrified cotton -1 The weak and broad absorption based on the nearby hydroxyl groups was very weak, and as a result, it was confirmed that acetylated nitrified cotton in which almost all hydroxyl groups in nitrified cotton were acetylated was obtained.
[0038]
In order to investigate the heat resistance of the acetylated nitrified cotton, differential thermal analysis (DTA) was performed. 1 mg of the acetylated nitrified cotton was weighed in an aluminum dish for differential thermal analysis, and a few drops of acetone were dissolved in it, and this was dried to form a film of acetylated nitrified cotton on the bottom of the aluminum dish. . When this sample was subjected to differential thermal analysis under the condition of a heating rate of 10 ° C./min in an argon stream using a differential thermal analyzer DT40 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, thermal decomposition peaked at 209 ° C. An exothermic curve was obtained.
Furthermore, in order to investigate the stability of this acetylated nitrified cotton, the heat resistance time was measured by a 65 ° C. heat resistance test (JIS-K4810) using iodokari starch paper as a test paper. The evaluation was canceled because the paper had not changed color.
The above test results are summarized in Table 1.
[0039]
[Comparative Example 1]
When the same differential thermal analysis and heat resistance time were performed using the raw material nitrified cotton used in Example 1, the heat generation peak temperature was 199 ° C. and the heat resistance time in the 65 ° C. heat resistance test was 38 as shown in Table 1. Got the result in minutes. These results are shown in Table 1 together with the results of infrared absorption spectra.
[0040]
[Example 2] Into 3000 parts by weight of hot water at 80 ° C. used in Example 1, 2 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant (trade name Octopol 80) manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. is added. Except for, the same experiment as in Example 1 was repeated. In Example 1, the phenomenon that the toluene wet filter cake floats on the water surface was observed at the beginning of the steam distillation operation, whereas in this example, the toluene wet filter cake did not float on the water surface, and it was well in the flask from the beginning. It was observed that the mixture was stirred and dispersed. Regarding other matters, the same results as in Example 1 were obtained. The above test results are summarized in Table 1.
[0041]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004332683
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, acetic anhydride, acetic acid and the like in the reaction solution adhering to the filtered crude acetylated nitrified cotton can be recovered, the raw material usage rate is good, and the washing step It was possible to provide a method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton that does not produce a mixture of alcohols and toluene, and is therefore advantageous for solvent recovery. Furthermore, since the cleaning agent adhering to the crude acetylated nitrified cotton, such as toluene, is removed by distillation, a method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton having a small load on waste water treatment can be provided.

Claims (5)

硝化綿を分散媒中に分散させ、該硝化綿を固相を保ったままアセチル化剤と触媒とを作用させて粗アセチル化硝化綿とした後、反応液と粗アセチル化硝化綿とを濾別し、濾別された粗アセチル化硝化綿を洗浄するアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法において、前記濾別された粗アセチル化硝化綿に洗浄剤として炭素数6〜8の芳香族炭化水素を添加して洗浄濾過し、生じた濾滓にさらに水を添加し、水の存在下で前記濾滓に残存する前記芳香族炭化水素を気化させてこれを除去する工程を有することを特徴とするアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法。After the nitrified cotton is dispersed in a dispersion medium and the nitrified cotton is maintained in a solid phase, the acetylating agent and the catalyst are allowed to act to form crude acetylated nitrified cotton, and then the reaction solution and the crude acetylated nitrified cotton are filtered. Separately, in the method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton, the filtered crude acetylated nitrified cotton is washed with an aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 8 carbon atoms as a cleaning agent. And then filtering and washing, and further adding water to the resulting filter cake, and evaporating the aromatic hydrocarbon remaining in the filter cake in the presence of water to remove it. A method for producing nitrified cotton. 前記アセチル化剤が無水酢酸であり、前記分散媒が炭素数6〜8の芳香族炭化水素であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法。2. The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to claim 1, wherein the acetylating agent is acetic anhydride and the dispersion medium is an aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 8 carbon atoms. 前記触媒がp−トルエンスルフォン酸及び過塩素酸からなる群から選ばれたものであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法。The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of p-toluenesulfonic acid and perchloric acid. 前記水の中に界面活性剤を添加することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法。The method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a surfactant is added to the water. 前記芳香族炭化水素がトルエンであることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか一記載のアセチル化硝化綿の製造方法。The said aromatic hydrocarbon is toluene, The manufacturing method of the acetylation nitrification cotton as described in any one of Claims 1-4 characterized by the above-mentioned.
JP31254898A 1998-11-02 1998-11-02 Method for producing acetylated nitrified cotton Expired - Lifetime JP4332683B2 (en)

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