JP4332938B2 - Manufacturing method of resin foam - Google Patents
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- JP4332938B2 JP4332938B2 JP21358899A JP21358899A JP4332938B2 JP 4332938 B2 JP4332938 B2 JP 4332938B2 JP 21358899 A JP21358899 A JP 21358899A JP 21358899 A JP21358899 A JP 21358899A JP 4332938 B2 JP4332938 B2 JP 4332938B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、樹脂発泡体の製造方法に関し、詳しくは、微細気泡を高気泡密度で有する樹脂発泡体の製造方法に関する。
【従来の技術】
【0002】
近年、樹脂発泡体の製造方法として、従来の化学的発泡法や物理的発泡法に加えて、超臨界状態の不活性物質(二酸化炭素や窒素など)を用いて微細気泡を高気泡密度で有する発泡体を製造する超臨界発泡法が開発されたが[例えば、マテリアル アンド マニュファクチャリング プロセス(Materials &Manufacturing Processes、4(2)、253−262(1989))や米国特許第5160674号を参照]、より高い気泡密度を達成することができる方法の開発が望まれている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、微細気泡をより高気泡密度で有する樹脂発泡体を製造する方法を提供することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者等は、微細気泡をより高気泡密度で有する樹脂発泡体の製造方法について鋭意検討を行った結果、結晶性熱可塑性樹脂と非晶性熱可塑性樹脂とを特定の比率で含有する樹脂組成物に、これに含浸させるべき物質の臨界圧力以上の加圧下で該物質の流体を含浸させ、次いで該物質が含浸した前記樹脂組成物を前記加圧状態から開放することにより、上記目的を達成し得ることを見出し本発明を完成した。
【0005】
すなわち本発明は、結晶性熱可塑性樹脂60〜90重量部と非晶性熱可塑性樹脂10〜40重量部とからなる樹脂組成物に、これに含浸させるべき物質の臨界圧力以上の加圧下で該物質の流体を含浸させる工程、および該物質を含浸させた前記樹脂組成物を前記加圧状態から開放する工程とからなることを特徴とする樹脂発泡体の製造方法である。
上記方法によれば、上記樹脂組成物以外の樹脂材料を発泡させる場合に比べてより高い気泡密度の樹脂発泡体を得ることができる。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の方法では、まず結晶性熱可塑性樹脂60〜90重量部と非晶性熱可塑性樹脂10〜40重量部とからなる樹脂組成物に、これに含浸させるべき物質(以下、含浸物質)の臨界圧力以上の加圧下で該含浸物質の流体を含浸させる工程を行う。以下、この工程を含浸工程と称する。
【0007】
前記結晶性熱可塑性樹脂は、例えばポリオレフィン系樹脂(例えばポリエチレン系樹脂やポリプロピレン系樹脂など)、ポリアミド系樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート系樹脂、シンジオタクチックポリスチレン系樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂等である。該結晶性熱可塑性樹脂は、結晶相のみからなる樹脂であってもよいし、結晶相と非晶相とからなる樹脂であってもよいが、後者がより好ましい。結晶性熱可塑性樹脂は、1種類のみでもよく、2種類以上が併用されてもよい。
【0008】
本発明に適用可能なポリプロピレン系樹脂としては、プロピレンの単独重合体やプロピレンに由来する繰り返し単位を50重量%以上含むプロピレンと重合性モノマーとの共重合体が挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。上記重合性モノマーは、プロピレンと重合可能である限り特に制限されないが、好ましくは、エチレンやα−オレフィン(典型的には、1−ブテン、4−メチルペンテン−1、1−ヘキセン、1−オクテン、1−デセン等の炭素原子数が4〜10のα−オレフィン)が挙げられる。共重合体中の重合性モノマーに由来する繰り返し単位の含有量は、該重合性モノマーがエチレンの場合には10重量%以下、他のエチレン以外の重合性モノマーの場合には30重量%以下が好ましい。
【0009】
ポリプロピレン系樹脂としては、特開昭62−121704号公報に開示されているごとき、低レベルの電子線架橋によって長鎖分岐が導入されたポリプロピレン樹脂も好ましく用いられる。また、超高分子量成分が導入されたポリプロピレン樹脂も好ましく用いられ、その好ましい例としては、第一段階でプロピレンを主成分とするモノマーを重合して超高分子量成分である極限粘度が5dl/g以上のポリプロピレン系重合体(I)を製造し、第二段階以降でプロピレンを主成分とするモノマーを重合して極限粘度が3dl/g未満のポリプロピレン系重合体(II)を連続的に製造して得られる重合体であって、ポリプロピレン系重合体(I)のブロック及びポリプロピレン系重合体(II)のブロックからなり、重合体(I)のブロックの濃度が0.05重量%以上35重量%未満、重合体全体の極限粘度が3dl/g未満、Mw/Mnが10未満であるものが挙げられる。
【0010】
前記樹脂組成物が含有する非晶性熱可塑性樹脂は、その好ましい例としてポリエステル系エラストマー、ポリアミド系エラストマー、ポリオレフィン系エラストマーなどの熱可塑性エラストマーが挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。上に例示した非晶性熱可塑性樹脂のうち、ポリエステル系エラストマーは結晶性ポリエステル系樹脂と、ポリアミド系エラストマーは結晶性ポリアミド系樹脂と、ポリオレフィン系エラストマーは結晶性ポリオレフィン系樹脂との組み合わせとして好ましく用いられる。前記結晶性熱可塑性樹脂が結晶相と非晶相とからなるとき、前記非晶性熱可塑性樹脂の一部または全部は、前記結晶性熱可塑性樹脂の非晶相と相溶してこれを拡大させることができる。従って、結晶相と非晶相とからなる結晶性熱可塑性樹脂と非晶性熱可塑性樹脂とを併用することにより、結晶性熱可塑性樹脂の非晶相の大きさを適宜調節することができる。
【0011】
特に、結晶性ポリプロピレン系樹脂とポリオレフィン系エラストマーとが組み合わせて用いられる場合、該ポリオレフィン系エラストマーは、例えばエチレン/α−オレフィン共重合体、プロピレン/α−オレフィン共重合体、、エチレン/プロピレン/ジエン/メチレン共重合体(EPDMR)、ポリブタジエン及びその水素添加物、スチレン/イソプレン/スチレン共重合体、スチレン/エチレン/ブタジエン/スチレン共重合体、スチレン/ブタジエン共重合体、スチレン/エチレン/プロピレン/スチレン共重合体、およびスチレン/ブタジエン/スチレン共重合体及びその水素添加物が好ましく、より好ましくはスチレン/ブタジエン共重合体、プロピレン/ブテン共重合体である。スチレン由来の繰り返し単位を10重量%程度含有するスチレン/ブタジエン共重合体の水素添加物が特に好ましく用いられる。
【0012】
前記樹脂組成物における前記非晶性熱可塑性樹脂の量は、これと前記結晶性熱可塑性樹脂との合計を100重量部としたときに、10〜40重量部、より好ましくは10〜30重量部である。非晶性熱可塑性樹脂の量が10重量部未満では、気泡密度の向上効果を十分にに享受できなくなり、40重量部を超えると、併せて使用される結晶性熱可塑性樹脂の特性が損なわれる傾向がある。例えば、ポリプロピレン系樹脂と非晶性熱可塑性樹脂とからなる樹脂組成部においては、非晶性熱可塑性樹脂の含有量が40重量部を超えると、ポリプロピレン系樹脂の耐熱性および耐油性が損なわれる。
【0013】
前記樹脂組成物がポリプロピレン系樹脂、ポリエチレン系樹脂およびポリオレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマーを含有する場合、該ポリエチレン系樹脂の含有量は、樹脂組成物全体の0.01〜30重量%が好ましく、3〜20重量%がより好ましい。かかる量のポリエチレン系樹脂を配合することにより、優れた気泡密度向上効果を得ることができる。エチレン系樹脂としては、低密度ポリエチレン(LDPE)、高密度ポリエチレン(HDPE)、および直鎖状低密度ポリエチレン(LLDPE)が好ましく用いられる。ポリエチレン系樹脂のメルトフローレート(MFR)は、1g/10分以上10g/10分以下が好ましい。
【0014】
前記樹脂組成物全体のMFRは、0.1g/10分以上50g/10分以下の範囲にあることが好ましい。MFRが0.1g/10分未満では、押出加工性の低下が顕著となり、MFRが50g/10分を超えると、発泡時の膨張ガス圧に樹脂組成物が耐えられず破泡が起こり、均一な微細気泡を有する発泡体を得るのが難しくなる傾向がある。
【0015】
結晶性熱可塑性樹脂と非晶性熱可塑性樹脂とからなる前記樹脂組成物は結晶相と非晶相とからなるが、該非晶相の大きさが10〜200nmである場合に良好な気泡密度向上効果が得られ、非晶相の大きさが15〜100nmであることがより好ましい。ここで、非晶相の大きさとは、次の方法で求められる平均値である。まず、冷却固化させた樹脂組成物をミクロトームを用いて切断し、断面を染色剤(例えばRuO4)で染色する。染色部分を冷却下に1000Å以下の厚みに薄切する。得られた切片を透過型顕微鏡(通常は倍率50000〜60000倍程度)により写真撮影する。写真中、50個程度の非晶相断面を含む正方形視野において、それぞれの非晶相断面に内包される最大円の直径を測定し、それらの平均値を算出する。この平均値を該樹脂組成物の非晶相の大きさと定義する。
【0016】
前記樹脂組成物の調製方法は特に限定されず、例えば樹脂材料の混練に通常用いられる単軸あるいは二軸押出機を用いて結晶性熱可塑性樹脂と非晶性熱可塑性樹脂とを溶融混練することにより製造することができる。得られた樹脂組成物は、押出しによりペレット状やシート状に成形することができる。溶融混練は、バンバリー型ミキサーなどの混練機を用いて行うこともできる。
【0017】
含浸工程では、前記樹脂組成物に、これに含浸させるべき物質(含浸物質)の臨界圧力以上の加圧下において該含浸物質の流体(すなわち、液体または超臨界流体)を含浸させる。好ましく用いられる物質としては、常温常圧下で気体状の物質、例えばブタン、ペンタン等の有機化合物、あるいは二酸化炭素、空気、水素、窒素、ネオン、アルゴン等の無機化合物が挙げられる。前記含浸物質は、2種以上の混合物であってもよい。扱い易さの観点からは、二酸化炭素、空気、窒素、ネオン、アルゴン等の不活性物質が好ましい。特に、経済性および安全性の観点から二酸化炭素が好ましく用いられる。
【0018】
前記含浸物質の樹脂組成物への含浸量は、その含浸物質の種類、目的とする樹脂発泡体の発泡倍率、気泡密度等に応じて適宜設定され、含浸量の下限は、通常は十分な発泡倍率で微細気泡が形成されるだけの量である。含浸量の上限は特にないが、通常は含浸物質の樹脂組成物に対する飽和溶解量またはそれに近い量である。含浸量は、必ずしも飽和溶解量に達する必要はない。例えばポリオレフィン系樹脂を主成分とする樹脂組成物に二酸化炭素を含浸させる場合の好ましい含浸量は、樹脂組成物100重量部に対して、0.1重量部以上20重量部以下の範囲、より好ましくは0.1〜15重量部の範囲である。
【0019】
含浸物質を樹脂組成物に含浸させる際の圧力(以下、含浸圧力)、温度、および含浸に要する時間等は所望の含浸量により異なる。例えば、臨界圧力が約7.5MPaである二酸化炭素を樹脂組成物に含浸させる場合、含浸圧力はこの臨界圧力以上であればよいが、10MPa以上が好ましい。また含浸圧力の上限値は装置等の能力に依存するが、通常は50MPa程度である。
【0020】
含浸物質を樹脂組成物に含浸させる際の温度(以下、含浸温度)は、該含浸物質が液体または超臨界流体となる温度であり、該含浸物質の臨界温度以上であることが好ましい。含浸温度の上限値は使用する樹脂組成物が分解しない温度であればよく、通常は300℃以下である。臨界温度が約31℃である二酸化炭素を用いる場合、含浸温度はこの臨界温度以上であることが好ましく、特に、樹脂組成物への二酸化炭素の浸透速度と生産性の観点から60℃以上が好ましく、また、樹脂組成物への溶解量の観点から230℃以下が好ましい。
【0021】
含浸物質を樹脂組成物に含浸させるのに費やす時間(以下、含浸時間)は、含浸物質の樹脂組成物への浸透速度により異なり、上記含浸圧力と含浸温度に依存する。含浸操作を継続すると含浸量は通常飽和溶解量まで増加するが、含浸時間は、通常は長くとも含浸物質の含浸量が飽和溶解量に達するまでの時間に設定され、通常は数時間までである。生産性の観点からは含浸時間は短いほど好ましく、必ずしも飽和溶解量に達するまで含浸させる必要はない。例えば超臨界状態の二酸化炭素の場合の含浸時間は、通常は数分から5時間程度であり、生産性と含浸量のバランスの観点からは数分程度から3時間程度が好ましい。
【0022】
本発明の方法では、前記含浸工程に引き続いて、含浸物質が含浸した樹脂組成物を前記加圧状態から開放する工程が行われる。以下、この工程を圧力開放工程と称する。圧力開放工程において、加圧状態から開放された樹脂組成物の内部で発泡が起こる。圧力開放工程の後に樹脂組成物を更に加熱してもよい。前記圧力開放工程において、加圧状態からの開放はできるだけ短時間で行うのが好ましい。この操作が緩慢に行われると、所望の気泡密度を有する発泡体が得られないこともある。通常は、含浸圧力から常圧付近まで瞬間的に圧力を開放する。ここで、「圧力を瞬間的に開放する」とは、できるだけ短時間に含浸圧力から常圧付近まで圧力を低下させることを意味する。含浸物質の含浸に用いた容器の容量、排ガス管の太さ等にもよるが、含浸圧力から常圧付近までの圧力低下時間は、通常は10秒間未満であり、約3秒間以下が好ましい。
【0023】
上記圧力開放工程における圧力の急激な開放は、含浸工程よりも高い温度で行ってもよいし、含浸工程よりも低い温度で行ってもよく、あるいは含浸工程と同じ温度で行なってもよい。より微細な気泡径と高い気泡密度を達成するために、含浸工程よりも低い温度で含浸工程の圧力開放を行なうことが好ましい。
【0024】
例えば、含浸工程を含浸物質の臨界温度以上かつ樹脂組成物の融点以下の温度で行い、圧力開放工程において、含浸工程の温度よりも高い温度、例えば樹脂組成物の融点以上の温度で圧力を急激に開放することにより気泡核を生成、成長させ、圧力の急激な開放による温度低下を利用して気泡核の成長を適度に制御することにより発泡体を得ることができる。また、含浸工程において樹脂組成物をその融点以上とし、圧力開放工程において該樹脂組成物を一旦含浸工程よりも低い温度、例えば樹脂組成物の融点以下の温度まで冷却し、その後に圧力を急激に開放して気泡核を生成させ、更に該気泡核を適度に成長させて発泡体を得ることもできる。更には、含浸工程で温度を樹脂組成物の融点以下とし、その温度で圧力開放工程を行なってもよい。より微細な気泡径と高い気泡密度を得るためには、含浸工程よりも低い温度で圧力の開放を行なうことが好ましい。
【0025】
破泡をできるだけ抑制するためには、圧力開放時の樹脂組成物の温度は、樹脂組成物の融点以下が好ましく、微細な気泡径と高い気泡密度を達成するためには、(結晶性熱可塑性樹脂の融点−100℃)以上、結晶性熱可塑性樹脂の融点以下の範囲が好ましく、(結晶性熱可塑性樹脂の融点−50℃)以上、結晶性熱可塑性樹脂の融点以下の範囲が特に好ましい。圧力を開放するときの温度は必ずしも一定である必要はなく、通常は圧力開放と共に温度低下が起こる。この温度の低下を必ずしも制御する必要はないが、気泡密度の制御の観点からは、温度の低下を制御する方が好ましい。
【0026】
また、気泡密度をより適切に制御するために圧力開放工程において、気泡核を生成させる過程に続いて行われる気泡核を成長させる過程、および気泡の成長を停止させる過程の両過程の温度、時間を更に制御することが好ましい。
【0027】
上記気泡核成長の過程において、気泡核を成長させる温度は、破泡をできるだけ抑制するために、樹脂組成物の結晶化温度以上、融点以下の範囲内に制御することが好ましい。また気泡核を成長させる時間は、所望の気泡密度に応じて適宜設定されるが、通常は20秒〜30秒である。
【0028】
気泡の過度の成長による破泡を抑制するために、気泡核成長の過程の温度と共に、気泡の成長停止の過程の温度をも制御することが好ましい。気泡の成長を止める時の温度は、樹脂組成物の結晶化温度以下が好ましく、発泡体全体が結晶化温度以下になるまで十分に冷却することが好ましい。
なお、以上の説明においては、主に本発明の方法を回分方式で行う態様について述べたが、本発明の方法には、例えば単軸あるいは多軸押出機を用いて含浸工程および圧力開放工程を連続的に行う連続方式を適用することもできる。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、結晶性熱可塑性樹脂60〜90重量部と非晶性熱可塑性樹脂10〜40重量部とからなる樹脂組成物を発泡させることにより、これ以外の材料を用いた場合に比べて、より高い気泡密度の樹脂発泡体を得ることができる。得られた樹脂発泡体は例えば、自動車用材、食品用トレーまたは容器、建材、緩衝材、断熱材等に好適に用いることができる。
【0030】
【実施例】
以下に実施例によって本発明を更に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0031】
非晶相の大きさ
冷却固化させた樹脂組成物をミクロトームを用いて切断し、断面をRuO4で染色した。染色した部分を冷却下にミクロトームを用いて1000Å以下の厚みに薄切し、得られた切片を倍率60000倍の透過型電子顕微鏡を用いて写真撮影した。該写真を用いて、非晶相の大きさ(平均値)を求めた。
【0032】
平均気泡径
樹脂発泡体を液体窒素で冷却後、剃刀で切断しその断面を走査型電子顕微鏡にて撮影した。倍率は電子顕微鏡の視野内に約50個程度の気泡が見えるように調節した。撮影した発泡体断面の写真より、視野内の各気泡の最大長さを測定し、更にその平均値を求めて平均気泡径(2r)とした。
【0033】
平均気泡密度
平均気泡径の測定に用いた電子顕微鏡による写真を用いて発泡体の断面積1cm2当たりの気泡数(n)を算出し、それを3/2乗して単位体積当たりの気泡数(N)を算出した。この気泡数(N)と、上記で求めた平均気泡径(2r)から該発泡体を構成する樹脂組成物の単位実体積当たりの気泡数、すなわち平均気泡密度(単位:個気泡/cm3材料)を求めた。
【0034】
実施例1〜6
ポリプロピレン(住友化学工業製住友ノーブレンW101;MFR=8〜10g/10分)90重量部および水添スチレン/ブタジエン共重合体(JSR社製1320P;スチレン量=10%;MFR=3.5g/10分)10重量部を二軸押出機により溶融混合し、押し出してシート(厚さ1.5mm、縦4cm、横2cm、非晶相の大きさ:15nm)を得た。このシートを耐圧容器内に置き、更に同容器内に超臨界状態の二酸化炭素を導入して前記シートに含浸させた。含浸時の圧力、温度、時間は表1の通りであった。所定の含浸時間の経過後、耐圧容器内の圧力を開放し、樹脂発泡体を得た。
【0035】
【表1】
【0036】
比較例1〜5
ポリプロピレン(住友化学工業製住友ノーブレンW101;MFR=8〜10g/10分)のみからなるシート(厚さ1.5mm、縦4cm、横2cm、非晶相の大きさ:9nm)を耐圧容器内に置き、更に同容器内に超臨界状態の二酸化炭素を導入して前記シートに含浸させた。含浸時の圧力、温度、時間は表2の通りであった。所定の含浸時間の経過後、耐圧容器内の圧力を開放した。比較例5においては、圧力解放後にシートを170℃のオイルバスに30秒間漬して発泡させた。
【0037】
【表2】
「−」は、気泡が生成しなかったことを意味する。
【0038】
比較例6、7
ポリプロピレン(住友化学工業製住友ノーブレンW101;MFR=8〜10g/10分)90重量部とポリスチレン(GPPS)10重量部とからなるシート(厚さ1.5mm、縦4cm、横2cm、非晶相の大きさ:1000nm)を耐圧容器内に置き、更に同容器に超臨界状態の二酸化炭素を導入し該シートに含浸させた。含浸時の圧力、温度、時間は下記表3の通りとした。所定の含浸時間の経過後、耐圧容器内の圧力を開放した。圧力解放後にシートを170℃のオイルバスに30秒間浸した。
【0039】
【表3】
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a resin foam, and more particularly to a method for producing a resin foam having fine bubbles at a high cell density.
[Prior art]
[0002]
In recent years, as a method for producing a resin foam, in addition to the conventional chemical foaming method and physical foaming method, a super-bubble inert substance (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc.) is used to have fine bubbles at a high cell density. Supercritical foaming methods have been developed to produce foams (see, for example, Materials & Manufacturing Processes, 4 (2), 253-262 (1989) and US Pat. No. 5,160,674), Development of a method that can achieve higher bubble density is desired.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a resin foam having fine bubbles at a higher cell density.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies on a method for producing a resin foam having fine cells with higher cell density, the present inventors have found that a resin containing a crystalline thermoplastic resin and an amorphous thermoplastic resin in a specific ratio. The above object is achieved by impregnating the composition with a fluid of the substance under a pressure higher than the critical pressure of the substance to be impregnated and then releasing the resin composition impregnated with the substance from the pressurized state. The present invention has been completed by finding out that it can be achieved.
[0005]
That is, the present invention provides a resin composition comprising 60 to 90 parts by weight of a crystalline thermoplastic resin and 10 to 40 parts by weight of an amorphous thermoplastic resin under a pressure higher than the critical pressure of a substance to be impregnated therein. A method for producing a resin foam comprising a step of impregnating a substance fluid and a step of releasing the resin composition impregnated with the substance from the pressurized state.
According to the said method, the resin foam of a higher cell density can be obtained compared with the case where foaming resin materials other than the said resin composition.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the method of the present invention, first, a resin composition comprising 60 to 90 parts by weight of a crystalline thermoplastic resin and 10 to 40 parts by weight of an amorphous thermoplastic resin is used to impregnate a substance to be impregnated (hereinafter referred to as an impregnating substance). A step of impregnating the fluid of the impregnating material under a pressure higher than the critical pressure is performed. Hereinafter, this process is referred to as an impregnation process.
[0007]
Examples of the crystalline thermoplastic resin include polyolefin resins (for example, polyethylene resins and polypropylene resins), polyamide resins, polyethylene terephthalate resins, syndiotactic polystyrene resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, and the like. The crystalline thermoplastic resin may be a resin composed only of a crystalline phase or a resin composed of a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase, but the latter is more preferable. Only one type of crystalline thermoplastic resin may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination.
[0008]
Examples of the polypropylene resin applicable to the present invention include a propylene homopolymer and a copolymer of propylene and a polymerizable monomer containing 50% by weight or more of a repeating unit derived from propylene, but are not limited thereto. It is not a thing. The polymerizable monomer is not particularly limited as long as it can be polymerized with propylene, but is preferably ethylene or α-olefin (typically 1-butene, 4-methylpentene-1, 1-hexene, 1-octene). And α-olefins having 4 to 10 carbon atoms such as 1-decene). The content of the repeating unit derived from the polymerizable monomer in the copolymer is 10% by weight or less when the polymerizable monomer is ethylene, and 30% by weight or less when the polymerizable monomer is a polymerizable monomer other than ethylene. preferable.
[0009]
As the polypropylene resin, a polypropylene resin into which long chain branching is introduced by low-level electron beam crosslinking as disclosed in JP-A-62-1121704 is also preferably used. In addition, a polypropylene resin into which an ultrahigh molecular weight component is introduced is also preferably used. As a preferable example, an intrinsic viscosity of 5 dl / g which is an ultrahigh molecular weight component is obtained by polymerizing a monomer having propylene as a main component in the first stage. The above polypropylene polymer (I) is produced, and a polypropylene polymer (II) having an intrinsic viscosity of less than 3 dl / g is continuously produced by polymerizing a monomer containing propylene as a main component in the second and subsequent stages. A polymer obtained by comprising a block of a polypropylene polymer (I) and a block of a polypropylene polymer (II), and the concentration of the block of the polymer (I) is 0.05 wt% or more and 35 wt% The intrinsic viscosity of the whole polymer is less than 3 dl / g, and the Mw / Mn is less than 10.
[0010]
Preferred examples of the amorphous thermoplastic resin contained in the resin composition include thermoplastic elastomers such as polyester elastomers, polyamide elastomers, and polyolefin elastomers, but are not limited thereto. Of the amorphous thermoplastic resins exemplified above, a polyester elastomer is preferably used as a combination of a crystalline polyester resin, a polyamide elastomer as a combination of a crystalline polyamide resin, and a polyolefin elastomer as a combination of a crystalline polyolefin resin. It is done. When the crystalline thermoplastic resin is composed of a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase, part or all of the amorphous thermoplastic resin is compatible with the amorphous phase of the crystalline thermoplastic resin and expands this. Can be made. Therefore, the size of the amorphous phase of the crystalline thermoplastic resin can be appropriately adjusted by using a crystalline thermoplastic resin composed of a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase in combination with the amorphous thermoplastic resin.
[0011]
In particular, when a crystalline polypropylene resin and a polyolefin elastomer are used in combination, the polyolefin elastomer is, for example, an ethylene / α-olefin copolymer, a propylene / α-olefin copolymer, an ethylene / propylene / diene, or the like. / Methylene copolymer (EPDMR), polybutadiene and its hydrogenated product, styrene / isoprene / styrene copolymer, styrene / ethylene / butadiene / styrene copolymer, styrene / butadiene copolymer, styrene / ethylene / propylene / styrene A copolymer, a styrene / butadiene / styrene copolymer and a hydrogenated product thereof are preferable, and a styrene / butadiene copolymer and a propylene / butene copolymer are more preferable. A hydrogenated product of a styrene / butadiene copolymer containing about 10% by weight of repeating units derived from styrene is particularly preferably used.
[0012]
The amount of the amorphous thermoplastic resin in the resin composition is 10 to 40 parts by weight, more preferably 10 to 30 parts by weight, when the total of the amorphous thermoplastic resin and the crystalline thermoplastic resin is 100 parts by weight. It is. When the amount of the amorphous thermoplastic resin is less than 10 parts by weight, the effect of improving the cell density cannot be fully enjoyed. When the amount exceeds 40 parts by weight, the characteristics of the crystalline thermoplastic resin used in combination are impaired. Tend. For example, in a resin composition part composed of a polypropylene resin and an amorphous thermoplastic resin, if the content of the amorphous thermoplastic resin exceeds 40 parts by weight, the heat resistance and oil resistance of the polypropylene resin are impaired. .
[0013]
When the resin composition contains a polypropylene-based resin, a polyethylene-based resin, and a polyolefin-based thermoplastic elastomer, the content of the polyethylene-based resin is preferably 0.01 to 30% by weight of the entire resin composition, and 3 to 20 Weight percent is more preferred. By blending such an amount of the polyethylene-based resin, an excellent effect of improving the cell density can be obtained. As the ethylene-based resin, low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) are preferably used. The melt flow rate (MFR) of the polyethylene resin is preferably 1 g / 10 min or more and 10 g / 10 min or less.
[0014]
The MFR of the entire resin composition is preferably in the range of 0.1 g / 10 min to 50 g / 10 min. If the MFR is less than 0.1 g / 10 min, the extrudability deteriorates remarkably. If the MFR exceeds 50 g / 10 min, the resin composition cannot withstand the expansion gas pressure at the time of foaming, resulting in bubble breakage. It tends to be difficult to obtain a foam having fine fine bubbles.
[0015]
The resin composition comprising a crystalline thermoplastic resin and an amorphous thermoplastic resin comprises a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase. When the size of the amorphous phase is 10 to 200 nm, a good bubble density improvement is achieved. It is more preferable that the effect is obtained and the size of the amorphous phase is 15 to 100 nm. Here, the size of the amorphous phase is an average value obtained by the following method. First, the cooled and solidified resin composition is cut using a microtome, and the cross section is dyed with a staining agent (for example, RuO 4 ). The dyed portion is sliced to a thickness of 1000 mm or less under cooling. The obtained section is photographed with a transmission microscope (usually about 50000 to 60000 times magnification). In a photograph, in a square visual field including about 50 amorphous phase cross sections, the diameter of the maximum circle included in each amorphous phase cross section is measured, and an average value thereof is calculated. This average value is defined as the size of the amorphous phase of the resin composition.
[0016]
The method for preparing the resin composition is not particularly limited. For example, a crystalline thermoplastic resin and an amorphous thermoplastic resin are melt-kneaded using a single-screw or twin-screw extruder usually used for kneading resin materials. Can be manufactured. The obtained resin composition can be formed into a pellet or sheet by extrusion. Melt kneading can also be performed using a kneader such as a Banbury mixer.
[0017]
In the impregnation step, the resin composition is impregnated with a fluid (that is, a liquid or a supercritical fluid) of the impregnation material under a pressure higher than the critical pressure of the material to be impregnated (impregnation material). Substances preferably used include substances that are gaseous at normal temperature and pressure, such as organic compounds such as butane and pentane, or inorganic compounds such as carbon dioxide, air, hydrogen, nitrogen, neon, and argon. The impregnating material may be a mixture of two or more. From the viewpoint of ease of handling, inert substances such as carbon dioxide, air, nitrogen, neon, and argon are preferable. In particular, carbon dioxide is preferably used from the viewpoint of economy and safety.
[0018]
The amount of impregnation material impregnated into the resin composition is appropriately set according to the type of the impregnated material, the foaming ratio of the target resin foam, the cell density, etc. The lower limit of the amount of impregnation is usually sufficient foaming The amount is such that fine bubbles are formed at a magnification. The upper limit of the impregnation amount is not particularly limited, but is usually a saturated dissolution amount of the impregnating substance in the resin composition or an amount close thereto. The impregnation amount does not necessarily need to reach the saturation dissolution amount. For example, a preferable impregnation amount when impregnating carbon dioxide with a resin composition containing a polyolefin resin as a main component is more preferably in a range of 0.1 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin composition. Is in the range of 0.1 to 15 parts by weight.
[0019]
The pressure at which the resin composition is impregnated with the impregnating substance (hereinafter referred to as impregnation pressure), temperature, time required for impregnation, and the like vary depending on the desired amount of impregnation. For example, when the resin composition is impregnated with carbon dioxide having a critical pressure of about 7.5 MPa, the impregnation pressure may be equal to or higher than the critical pressure, but is preferably 10 MPa or higher. The upper limit value of the impregnation pressure depends on the capacity of the apparatus or the like, but is usually about 50 MPa.
[0020]
The temperature at which the resin composition is impregnated with the impregnating substance (hereinafter referred to as the impregnation temperature) is a temperature at which the impregnating substance becomes a liquid or a supercritical fluid, and is preferably equal to or higher than the critical temperature of the impregnating substance. The upper limit of the impregnation temperature may be a temperature at which the resin composition to be used does not decompose, and is usually 300 ° C. or lower. When carbon dioxide having a critical temperature of about 31 ° C. is used, the impregnation temperature is preferably equal to or higher than this critical temperature, and particularly preferably 60 ° C. or higher from the viewpoint of the penetration rate of carbon dioxide into the resin composition and productivity. Moreover, 230 degrees C or less is preferable from a viewpoint of the melt | dissolution amount to a resin composition.
[0021]
The time taken to impregnate the resin composition with the impregnated material (hereinafter referred to as impregnation time) varies depending on the penetration rate of the impregnated material into the resin composition, and depends on the impregnation pressure and the impregnation temperature. When the impregnation operation is continued, the amount of impregnation usually increases to the saturated dissolution amount, but the impregnation time is usually set to the time until the impregnation amount of the impregnated material reaches the saturation dissolution amount, and is usually up to several hours. . From the viewpoint of productivity, the shorter the impregnation time is preferable, and it is not always necessary to impregnate until the saturated dissolution amount is reached. For example, in the case of carbon dioxide in a supercritical state, the impregnation time is usually from about several minutes to about 5 hours, and preferably from about several minutes to about 3 hours from the viewpoint of the balance between productivity and the amount of impregnation.
[0022]
In the method of the present invention, subsequent to the impregnation step, a step of releasing the resin composition impregnated with the impregnating substance from the pressurized state is performed. Hereinafter, this process is referred to as a pressure release process. In the pressure release step, foaming occurs inside the resin composition released from the pressurized state. The resin composition may be further heated after the pressure release step. In the pressure release step, the release from the pressurized state is preferably performed in as short a time as possible. If this operation is performed slowly, a foam having a desired cell density may not be obtained. Usually, the pressure is instantaneously released from the impregnation pressure to near normal pressure. Here, “releasing the pressure instantaneously” means reducing the pressure from the impregnation pressure to near normal pressure in as short a time as possible. Although depending on the capacity of the container used for impregnation of the impregnating substance, the thickness of the exhaust gas pipe, etc., the pressure drop time from the impregnation pressure to the vicinity of normal pressure is usually less than 10 seconds, preferably about 3 seconds or less.
[0023]
The rapid release of the pressure in the pressure release step may be performed at a temperature higher than that of the impregnation step, may be performed at a temperature lower than that of the impregnation step, or may be performed at the same temperature as the impregnation step. In order to achieve a finer bubble diameter and a higher bubble density, it is preferable to release the pressure in the impregnation step at a lower temperature than in the impregnation step.
[0024]
For example, the impregnation step is performed at a temperature not lower than the critical temperature of the impregnated substance and not higher than the melting point of the resin composition, and in the pressure release step, the pressure is rapidly increased at a temperature higher than the temperature of the impregnation step, for example, not lower than the melting point of the resin composition. A bubble can be obtained by generating and growing bubble nuclei by opening them in an appropriate manner, and appropriately controlling the growth of bubble nuclei by utilizing a temperature drop due to a sudden release of pressure. In the impregnation step, the resin composition is made higher than its melting point, and in the pressure release step, the resin composition is once cooled to a temperature lower than that of the impregnation step, for example, a temperature lower than the melting point of the resin composition, and then the pressure is rapidly increased. It is also possible to generate a bubble nucleus by opening the bubble nucleus and further growing the bubble nucleus appropriately. Furthermore, the temperature may be set below the melting point of the resin composition in the impregnation step, and the pressure release step may be performed at that temperature. In order to obtain a finer bubble diameter and a higher bubble density, it is preferable to release the pressure at a lower temperature than in the impregnation step.
[0025]
In order to suppress bubble breakage as much as possible, the temperature of the resin composition at the time of pressure release is preferably equal to or lower than the melting point of the resin composition, and in order to achieve a fine cell diameter and high cell density, (crystalline thermoplasticity A range from the melting point of the resin to 100 ° C.) to the melting point of the crystalline thermoplastic resin is preferred, and a range of from the melting point of the crystalline thermoplastic resin to 50 ° C. to the melting point of the crystalline thermoplastic resin is particularly preferred. The temperature at which the pressure is released does not necessarily have to be constant, and usually a temperature drop occurs as the pressure is released. Although it is not always necessary to control the temperature decrease, it is preferable to control the temperature decrease from the viewpoint of controlling the bubble density.
[0026]
In order to control the bubble density more appropriately, in the pressure release process, the temperature and time of both the process of growing the bubble nucleus following the process of generating the bubble nucleus and the process of stopping the bubble growth are performed. It is preferable to further control.
[0027]
In the process of bubble nucleus growth, the temperature for growing bubble nuclei is preferably controlled within the range of the crystallization temperature of the resin composition to the melting point or less in order to suppress bubble breakage as much as possible. The time for growing the bubble nuclei is appropriately set according to the desired bubble density, but is usually 20 to 30 seconds.
[0028]
In order to suppress bubble breakage due to excessive bubble growth, it is preferable to control the temperature of the bubble growth stop process as well as the temperature of the bubble nucleus growth process. The temperature at which the bubble growth is stopped is preferably equal to or lower than the crystallization temperature of the resin composition, and is preferably sufficiently cooled until the entire foam is equal to or lower than the crystallization temperature.
In the above description, the embodiment in which the method of the present invention is mainly performed in a batch system has been described. However, the method of the present invention includes an impregnation step and a pressure release step using, for example, a single-screw or multi-screw extruder. It is also possible to apply a continuous method that is performed continuously.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, by foaming a resin composition comprising 60 to 90 parts by weight of a crystalline thermoplastic resin and 10 to 40 parts by weight of an amorphous thermoplastic resin, compared to the case of using other materials. Thus, a resin foam having a higher cell density can be obtained. The obtained resin foam can be suitably used for, for example, automobile materials, food trays or containers, building materials, cushioning materials, heat insulating materials and the like.
[0030]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0031]
The size <br/> resin composition was cooled and solidified in the amorphous phase were cut using a microtome and stained the cross section with RuO 4. The stained portion was sliced into a thickness of 1000 mm or less using a microtome under cooling, and the obtained section was photographed using a transmission electron microscope having a magnification of 60000 times. Using the photograph, the size (average value) of the amorphous phase was determined.
[0032]
Average cell diameter The resin foam was cooled with liquid nitrogen, then cut with a razor, and the cross section was photographed with a scanning electron microscope. The magnification was adjusted so that about 50 bubbles could be seen in the field of view of the electron microscope. The maximum length of each bubble in the field of view was measured from the photograph of the photographed foam cross section, and the average value was obtained as the average bubble diameter (2r).
[0033]
Calculating average cell density <br/> average cell number of the cross-sectional area 1 cm 2 per foam using a photograph by an electron microscope used for the measurement of the bubble diameter (n), a unit volume it 3/2 power to The number of bubbles per hit (N) was calculated. From the number of bubbles (N) and the average bubble diameter (2r) determined above, the number of bubbles per unit actual volume of the resin composition constituting the foam, that is, the average bubble density (unit: individual bubbles / cm 3 material) )
[0034]
Examples 1-6
90 parts by weight of polypropylene (Sumitomo Nobrene W101 manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd .; MFR = 8-10 g / 10 min) and hydrogenated styrene / butadiene copolymer (1320P manufactured by JSR; styrene content = 10%; MFR = 3.5 g / 10) Min) 10 parts by weight was melt-mixed by a twin screw extruder and extruded to obtain a sheet (thickness 1.5 mm, length 4 cm, width 2 cm, amorphous phase size: 15 nm). This sheet was placed in a pressure-resistant container, and supercritical carbon dioxide was further introduced into the container to impregnate the sheet. The pressure, temperature, and time during impregnation were as shown in Table 1. After elapse of a predetermined impregnation time, the pressure in the pressure vessel was released to obtain a resin foam.
[0035]
[Table 1]
[0036]
Comparative Examples 1-5
A sheet (thickness 1.5 mm, length 4 cm, width 2 cm, amorphous phase size: 9 nm) made of only polypropylene (Sumitomo Chemical Industries Sumitomo Nobrene W101; MFR = 8-10 g / 10 min) is placed in a pressure-resistant container. Further, supercritical carbon dioxide was introduced into the container to impregnate the sheet. The pressure, temperature, and time during impregnation were as shown in Table 2. After the predetermined impregnation time, the pressure in the pressure vessel was released. In Comparative Example 5, after releasing the pressure, the sheet was immersed in an oil bath at 170 ° C. for 30 seconds and foamed.
[0037]
[Table 2]
“-” Means that bubbles were not generated.
[0038]
Comparative Examples 6 and 7
A sheet (thickness 1.5 mm, length 4 cm, width 2 cm, amorphous phase) comprising 90 parts by weight of polypropylene (Sumitomo Chemical Industries, Sumitomo Nobrene W101; MFR = 8-10 g / 10 min) and 10 parts by weight of polystyrene (GPPS) Was placed in a pressure-resistant container, and carbon dioxide in a supercritical state was further introduced into the container, and the sheet was impregnated. The pressure, temperature, and time during impregnation were as shown in Table 3 below. After the predetermined impregnation time, the pressure in the pressure vessel was released. After releasing the pressure, the sheet was immersed in an oil bath at 170 ° C. for 30 seconds.
[0039]
[Table 3]
Claims (1)
該物質を含浸させた前記樹脂組成物を前記加圧状態から開放する工程と、
からなることを特徴とする樹脂発泡体の製造方法。 It consists of a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase, the size of the amorphous phase is 10 to 200 nm, and contains 60 to 90 parts by weight of a crystalline thermoplastic resin and 10 to 40 parts by weight of an amorphous thermoplastic resin. Impregnating a sheet of the resin composition with a fluid of the substance under a pressure higher than the critical pressure of the substance to be impregnated and at an impregnation temperature of 60 to 230 ° C .;
Releasing the resin composition impregnated with the substance from the pressurized state;
The manufacturing method of the resin foam characterized by comprising.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21358899A JP4332938B2 (en) | 1999-07-28 | 1999-07-28 | Manufacturing method of resin foam |
| US09/536,802 US6399667B1 (en) | 1999-03-30 | 2000-03-28 | Process for producing foamed resin article |
| CN00108892.0A CN1270968A (en) | 1999-03-30 | 2000-03-28 | Process for preparing foam resin product |
| DE60031026T DE60031026T2 (en) | 1999-03-30 | 2000-03-28 | Object made of foamed resin |
| EP00106631A EP1040902B1 (en) | 1999-03-30 | 2000-03-28 | Foamed resin article |
| US10/094,801 US6596783B2 (en) | 1999-03-30 | 2002-03-12 | Process for producing foamed resin article |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP21358899A JP4332938B2 (en) | 1999-07-28 | 1999-07-28 | Manufacturing method of resin foam |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001040130A JP2001040130A (en) | 2001-02-13 |
| JP4332938B2 true JP4332938B2 (en) | 2009-09-16 |
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| JP21358899A Expired - Fee Related JP4332938B2 (en) | 1999-03-30 | 1999-07-28 | Manufacturing method of resin foam |
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