JP4349264B2 - Digital protection controller - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a digital protection control device, and more particularly, to a digital protection control device suitable for connecting components constituting the protection control device through a serial bus and facilitating an expansion and monitoring mechanism for each element.

  As a conventional digital protection control device, for example, a digital protection relay described in a lecture number 215 of “2002 IEEJ Power and Energy Division Conference” is known. This type of apparatus includes a communication interface such as an analog input unit, a digital arithmetic processing unit including a human interface unit, an input / output unit, an accident detection unit, and PCM communication.

  In the conventional apparatus, an analog input unit and a PCM communication interface unit are connected in parallel (parallel connection) to a system bus from a digital arithmetic processing unit having a human interface unit, and an input / output unit is connected in parallel to an I / O bus. Connected and configured.

  In these buses, the digital arithmetic processing unit serves as a bus master and transfers data between the elements.

  Due to the parallel bus, the number of signal lines is increased and the number of interface circuits is increased, which causes problems such as large heat generation due to resistance for signal termination.

  In addition, when a failure occurs in each element, the digital arithmetic processing unit, which is a bus master, reads and confirms the data, and finally outputs an abnormal output to the output unit. There were restrictions such as the device abnormal output being impossible. Furthermore, in order to expand the functions, it is necessary to connect each printed circuit board to the parallel bus, and it is difficult to expand beyond the unit size, and it is necessary to configure it as a separate unit, which limits the flexibility of system expansion. .

JP, 2004-64892, A Digital protection control device 2002 IEEJ Power and Energy Division Conference Lecture Number 215 Development of New Digital Relay (EDR + Series)

  The problem to be solved is that data between each component cannot be transferred unless a bus master is interposed.

  For this reason, conventionally, a lot of processing time has been devoted to the transfer processing of the bus master, and the processing load has been unbalanced. Further, when each component is abnormal, the component master itself cannot transmit the abnormality information, and the bus master has dealt with everything. Furthermore, in the case of system expansion, since the unit size (the number of boards that can be mounted) is limited, bus expansion is limited, and a flexible system configuration is difficult.

  The present invention solves the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a digital protection control apparatus capable of easily expanding and consolidating functions.

The present invention takes in an analog AC electricity quantity of a power system, converts the analog AC electricity quantity into a digital quantity, outputs a digital input for taking in status information from the system equipment, and outputs an operation output to the system equipment. In a digital protection control apparatus comprising digital I / O means for performing digital output, protection control calculation means for performing protection control calculation, accident detection means, and human interface means for setting / setting operation of the apparatus and status display ,
A protection control function is divided for each of the analog input means, digital I / O means, protection control calculation means, accident detection means, and human interface means, and connected by a serial bus, and data transfer means between the means In addition, the time slot is assigned to each means, the time slot is divided into a regular slot and a spare slot, and each slot is divided in advance at a predetermined time. To do.

  In the digital protection control apparatus of the present invention, each element constituting the apparatus has a common serial bus interface, and each can transmit and receive data at a fixed period, so that the degree of freedom of combination for each element is increased. In addition, there is an advantage that the device configuration can be easily expanded or consolidated.

  Furthermore, since all data flows on the serial bus, each element can obtain the data as shared information, and thus there is a monitoring advantage that mutual monitoring can be performed easily and accurately.

  Also, by multiplexing the serial bus, it is possible to have multiple transmission channels, so that there is an advantage that highly reliable communication can be easily achieved.

  A configuration has been realized in which the purpose of sharing input / output information for each component of the digital protection / control device can be constructed with a minimum number of parts and by combination of components by serial bus connection.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a first embodiment of the digital protection / control apparatus of the present invention.

The digital protection control device 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes an analog input means 1a for taking in a system input signal from the power system, a digital input / output means 1b for taking in contact information of the equipment and giving an operation output signal to the equipment, Main detection means 1000a composed of protection control arithmetic means 1c for determining presence / absence, and accident detection means 1000b composed of analog input means 1g, digital input / output means 1f, protection control arithmetic means 1e, and communication interface means 100a. And a human machine interface (HMI) unit 1000c including a communication interface unit 100a, a panel interface unit 100b, and a LAN interface unit 100c are serially coupled by a serial bus 1i.

  A display panel 1j is connected to the human machine interface (HMI) means 1000c so that various information can be displayed and a setting operation can be performed.

  The LAN interface unit 100c can be connected to a network outside the digital protection / control apparatus. This network refers to a communication network that is a general open network.

In FIG. 1, each means of analog input means 1a, digital input / output means 1b, protection control calculation means 1e, accident detection means 1000b, and human machine interface (HMI) means 1000c, which are components constituting the digital protection control device 1, is shown. The protection control function is divided every time and serial connection is made via communication interface means provided in each element.

  The main detection means 1000a is serially connected with the communication interface means 100a to the analog input means 1a and the digital input / output means 1f in order to be able to cope with the number of input / output points according to the power protection / control application.

  Since the accident detection means 1000b is composed of one unit (board) regardless of the application, excluding special devices, the communication interface means 100a is serially connected at the analog input means 1g and digital I / O means 1f. Instead, serial connection is made after the protection control calculation unit 1e.

  Similarly, since the human machine interface (HMI) means 1000c is composed of one unit (substrate) regardless of the application, the communication interface means 100a is provided in the human machine interface (HMI) means 1000c as shown in FIG. It is set as the structure provided.

  Next, a detailed description of each component will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the analog input means 1a shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 2, an analog input means 1a takes in an input signal (system input) from an electric power system and converts it into a voltage signal (A 10 V or less) that can be handled by an electronic circuit by an input converter 2a. Thereafter, filtering is performed by the analog filter 2b for preventing aliasing errors due to sampling. The output signal of the analog filter 2b is sequentially switched by the A / D conversion means 2c, converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter, and the digital signal is output. After A / D conversion, the microcontroller 2d executes digital filter processing for removing low-order harmonic components generated at the time of a system fault.

  The above-described filter calculation program and communication processing program are stored in advance in the microcontroller 2d.

  The time management means 2e manages the communication cycle for every fixed cycle. For example, in order to manage the communication cycle for every electrical angle of 30 °, the controller sets a timer, and issues an interrupt signal to the controller when the corresponding time has elapsed.

  The communication interface means 100a has an interface between the microcontroller 2d and the serial bus 1i. The communication interface means 100a arbitrates transmission rights on the serial bus 1i, verifies data captured from the serial bus 1i, and the like. . Via this communication interface, the relative time data is added to the operation result data and the digital filter processed data, and the data is output on the serial bus.

  The A / D conversion means 2c, time management means 2e, and communication interface means 100a described above are connected to a bus (controller bus 2f) from the microcontroller 2d.

  These operations are repeatedly executed every predetermined calculation cycle (for example, electrical angle 7.5 °).

  An example (recursive filter) of the transfer function of a digital filter is shown below.

  Since the analog data used for the protection / control calculation needs to guarantee the real-time property, the above-described microcontroller 2d manages the time and transmits the digital filter calculation processing data to the serial bus at regular intervals.

  FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the digital input / output means 1b shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 3, a digital input / output means 1b takes in a contact input signal from an external device by an input circuit 3a and insulates the signal from the inside of the apparatus by an insulation circuit 3b.

  In addition, an operation signal to an external device outputs a contact output to the outside of the apparatus via the auxiliary relay 3c via the output circuit 3d by an operation signal from the microcontroller 3e. Input / output processing and communication processing programs are stored in advance in the microcontroller.

  Further, like the analog input unit 1a, the time management unit 3f manages a communication cycle for each fixed cycle, and operates a timer to issue an interrupt signal to the controller when the corresponding time has elapsed. is there.

  The insulating circuit 3b, the output circuit 3d, the time management unit 3f, and the communication interface unit 100a described above are connected to a bus (controller bus 2g) from the microcontroller 3e.

  FIG. 4 shows a block configuration of the protection control calculation means 1c shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 4, the protection control calculation means 1c comprises a microcontroller 4b, a data save memory 4d, a time management means 4c, and a serial bus communication interface means 4a, each connected to the controller bus 4e of the microcontroller 4b. The microcontroller executes a protection process for determining the presence or absence of a system fault, a sequence process, a data save process, and a serial communication process.

  Each processing program is stored in advance in the microcontroller 4b, and these processes are calculated and executed at predetermined intervals.

  Although details will be described later, all input data and settling data necessary for the protection operation and output data of the protection sequence processing result are communicated via the serial bus.

  Since the protection calculation needs to be performed at a predetermined cycle, it is necessary to perform processing for communication via the serial bus at regular intervals to ensure real-time performance. For this reason, the transmission processing is time-managed in the microcontroller and is configured to transmit at regular intervals.

  FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of human machine interface (HMI) means 1000c.

  In FIG. 5, a human machine interface (HMI) means 1000c comprises a microcontroller 5b, a data save memory 5d, a time management means 5c, a communication interface means 5a, a panel interface means 100b, and a LAN interface means 100c. Each is connected to a bus (controller bus) from the microcontroller 5b.

  In the microcontroller 5b, programs for human interface processing (panel interface processing) such as settling processing, data saving processing, network communication processing via the network, serial bus communication processing, and time update processing are stored.

  FIG. 6 shows a block configuration of the accident detection means 1000b.

  In FIG. 6, an input signal (system input) from the power system is taken in and converted into a voltage signal (10 V or less) that can be handled by an electronic circuit by the input converter 6a.

  Thereafter, filtering is performed by an analog filter 6b for preventing a folding error due to sampling. The output signal of the analog filter is sequentially switched by the A / D conversion means 6c, converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter, and the digital signal is output.

  In the microcontroller 6d, digital filter processing for removing low-order harmonic components, protection control computation for calculating the presence or absence of a system fault and control amount, digital input processing from an external device, output processing to an external device, data saving processing, Executes communication processing on the serial bus. These programs are stored in advance in the microcontroller 6d.

  In FIG. 6, an input circuit 6f, an insulating circuit 6g, an auxiliary relay 6h, and an output circuit 6i have the same functions as the circuits in the main detection unit 1000a, and are similar in operation, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The processing of each microcontroller shown in FIGS. 2 to 6 operates so as to be repeatedly executed every predetermined period, for example, every 30 ° electrical angle.

  This embodiment is characterized in that each component constituting the digital protection control device has a function capable of bus driving with respect to the serial bus. Therefore, at the time of transmission, data is not transmitted to a specific transmission destination but output to all nodes. Each component node can receive the transmitted data all at once, and inputs only necessary data to its own node.

  In order to guarantee the real-time property, a transmission right is given to each node at a predetermined timing, and a node having the transmission right is operated so as to transmit data to all nodes. By doing in this way, the time concerning the arbitration of the bus right can be reduced.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the above contents as a timing chart. A specific operation will be described with reference to FIG.

The time slot is divided into a regular slot and a spare slot, and each slot is divided in advance at a predetermined time. In this embodiment, T _{1 to} T ₈ are divided as regular, and T _{9 to} T _N are divided as spare slots.
(1) The analog input means obtains the bus right at the time of T ₁ slot, and outputs the data of the digital filter calculation processing result on the serial bus.

At this time, the protection control calculation means and the human interface means acquire data. (Other nodes do not use the received data)
(2) T ₂ slots digital I / O unit during acquires the bus right, and outputs the input data of the contact information of the external device on the serial bus.

At this time, the protection control calculation means and the human interface means acquire data.
(3) T ₃ acquires the protective control operation unit bus when the slot, and outputs the operation result (trip command, monitoring result output) the on to the serial bus.

  At this time, digital I / O means and human interface means acquire data.

₍₄₎ T 4 FD unit acquires the bus right to the slot time, and outputs the monitoring result on the serial bus. The trip output is directly output from the digital output section in the FD means.

At this time, the human interface means acquires data.
(5) Human interface means when T ₅ slots acquires the bus right, and outputs the monitoring data for mutual monitoring on the serial bus.

  At this time, all nodes other than the human interface means acquire data.

  The above (1) to (5) are assigned in regular slots and operate every calculation cycle T.

T ₉ slots later assigned as a spare time slot is allocated for a good process without running into every calculation cycle. For example, settling change processing or the like. When the setting / setting data in the figure is transmitted from the HI means to the protection control calculating means and the FD means, the corresponding protection control calculating means and the FD means take in the data and use them as new setting values and setting values.

  The processes (1) to (5) described above are also executed in the next calculation cycle. In the spare slot, the settling value and setting value captured in the previous cycle are output to the serial bus again, the HI means captures, reads the settling value and setting value, and compares them with the transmitted data for reliable settling.・ Setting change processing can be performed.

  In this way, by effectively using the spare time slot, it is possible to transmit and receive a plurality of types of data that do not require real-time performance.

  FIG. 8 shows a configuration example of transmission data. The data includes a frame header that represents the beginning of the frame, ID data of the transmission node, control data, time data, actual application data, test data such as CRC, and EOF that represents the end of the frame.

  By attaching an ID code corresponding to the priority for acquiring the bus right to the ID data, it is possible to perform arbitration of the bus right reliably at high speed.

  The node having a low priority operates so that data can be received immediately as a bus slave when the bus right cannot be acquired.

  By allocating the time for occupying the serial bus in advance for each node in advance so that all of the above-described processes are completed in the period T, the most important real-time property as a digital protection / control device is obtained. It can be guaranteed.

  According to such a digital protection / control device, the following application development is possible.

  FIG. 9 shows the configuration when the number of analog input means and digital output means on the serial bus is increased and the FD means is deleted.

  Each node is simply given an ID number corresponding to the priority of the bus right, and can be easily expanded without making a significant system change. In addition, since the deletion does not have a significant effect, only the corresponding data packet does not flow, so that the system can be easily changed.

  Therefore, since it can be realized by adding only necessary I / O, it is advantageous in terms of cost.

FIG. 10 shows an embodiment in which each constituent element extends between the heims. 10a is Heim 1 with only analog input means mounted, 10b is Heim 3 with only digital availability means,
Reference numeral 10c denotes a heim 2 in which only protection operation means and human interface means are mounted, and the heims are connected by a serial bus.

  In this way, it may be necessary to divide the mounting position due to the system configuration. In such a case, the system configuration is the same, so it is necessary to change the system even between heims. There is no. Of course, I / O expansion can be performed flexibly.

  FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

In FIG. 11, the digital protection control apparatus 11 according to the second embodiment of the present invention includes a main detection means 11g comprising an analog input means 11a, a digital I / O means 11b, and a protection control calculation means 11c, an accident detection means 11d, and a panel interface. It comprises a means 100b, a human machine interface means 11h including a LAN interface means 100c, a display panel 1j, and duplex serial buses 11i and 11j.

The communication interface means 111a corresponding to the duplex serial buses 11i and 11j is provided.

  The main operation of each element connected to the serial bus and the serial bus is as described above.

  Next, the operation of applying the serial bus duplex feature of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

In FIG. 12, the normal data flow is represented by 12a, 12b, and 12c. Reference numeral 12a represents data indicating the state in the unit transmitted by the analog input means to the serial bus. 12b represents data indicating the state in the unit transmitted by the protection control calculation means to the serial bus.
Reference numeral 12c represents data indicating the state in the unit transmitted by the human interface means to the serial bus. Each signal is received by the digital I / O means, and the state of the apparatus is output from the digital I / O means to the outside.

  At this time, if a failure occurs in the digital I / O means related to the serial bus 11i, data cannot be received via the serial bus 11i. In such a situation, it is possible to transmit information by using the serial bus 11j, to improve robustness, and to achieve high reliability.

  As a method for outputting data to the serial bus, it can be realized by outputting to the serial buses 11i and 11j every time. However, in order to reduce the processing load of each element, the data is usually output to the serial bus 11i and is detected when a defect is detected. Can be taken.

  By configuring in this way, high reliability can be achieved.

  Since the analog input information sensed from the outside and the device information taken in as digital signals can be taken in via the serial bus, the device can be configured even if the calculation part, the input part, and the output part are not in the same unit but apart from each other. Therefore, the present invention can be applied to I / O device control applications that are distributed.

It is a block block diagram of the digital protection control apparatus of this invention. It is a block block diagram which shows the analog input means of the digital protection control apparatus of this invention. It is a block block diagram which shows the digital input / output means of the digital protection control apparatus of this invention. It is a block configuration showing protection control calculation means of the digital protection control device of the present invention. It is a block block diagram which shows the human interface means of the digital protection control apparatus of this invention. It is a block block diagram which shows the accident detection means of the digital protection control apparatus of this invention. It is a figure which shows the timing chart which shows operation | movement of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of a message | telegram structure employ | adopted as this invention. It is a block block diagram which shows the application Example of this invention. It is a block block diagram which shows the application Example of this invention corresponding to distributed I / O. It is a block block diagram showing the 2nd Example of the digital protection control apparatus of this invention. It is a block block diagram which shows operation | movement of the 2nd Example of this invention. It is a block block diagram which shows operation | movement of the 2nd Example of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,11 ... Digital protection control apparatus, 1a, 1g ... Analog input means, 1b, 1f ... Digital input / output means, 1c, 1e, 11c ... Protection control calculating means, 1i, 11i, 11j ... Serial bus, 1j ... Display Panel, 2a, 6a ... input converter, 2b, 6b ... analog filter, 2c, 6c ... A / D conversion means, 2d, 3e, 4b, 5b, 6d ... microcontroller, 2e, 3f, 4c, 5c ... time management Means, 2f, 2g, 4e ... controller bus, 3a, 6f ... input circuit, 3b, 6g ... insulation circuit, 3c, 6h ... auxiliary relay, 3d,
6i ... output circuit, 4a, 5a, 100a, 111a ... communication interface means, 4d,
5d ... Data save memory, 10a ... Heim 1, 10b ... Heim 2, 10c ... Heim 3, 11a ... Analog input means, 11b ... Digital I / O means, 11d, 1000b ... Accident detection means, 11g, 1000a ... Main detection means 11h, 1000c, human machine interface means, 100b, panel interface means, 100c, LAN interface means.

Claims (2)

An analog input means for taking in the analog AC electricity quantity of the power system and converting the analog AC electricity quantity into a digital quantity, a digital input for taking in status information from the system equipment, and a digital output for outputting an operation output to the system equipment In a digital protection control device comprising digital I / O means, protection control calculation means for performing protection control calculation, accident detection means, and human interface means for setting / setting operation and status display of the apparatus,
A protection control function is divided for each of the analog input means, digital I / O means, protection control calculation means, accident detection means, and human interface means, and connected by a serial bus, and data transfer means between the means with data transmitted and received by serial communication, the data transmission and reception periodically the time slot provided for performing divide the time slots to regular slot and spare slot in advance, divided into each time define each slot being divided The regular slot is assigned to each means,
The analog input means outputs a digital quantity converted from the analog AC electric quantity to the protection control means via the regular slot assigned to the analog input means, and the protection control means outputs the digital quantity output from the analog input means. The protection control calculation is performed based on the amount, and the calculation result is output to the digital I / O means via the regular slot assigned to itself.
The human interface means outputs setting / setting data for changing the setting of the protection control calculation means to the protection control calculation means via the spare slot of one cycle, and the spare interface after the one cycle A digital protection control device, wherein the setting / setting data returned from the protection control calculation means via a slot is collated with the setting / setting data transmitted by itself. The digital protection control device according to claim 1, wherein
The analog input means, digital I / O means, protection control calculation means, accident detection means and human interface means are distributedly arranged so that the number of input points and the digital I / O are arbitrarily expanded. Digital protection controller.

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