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JP4352489B2 - Adhered dust thickness detection device and method for removing adhering dust in a metal smelting furnace - Google Patents
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JP4352489B2 - Adhered dust thickness detection device and method for removing adhering dust in a metal smelting furnace - Google Patents

Adhered dust thickness detection device and method for removing adhering dust in a metal smelting furnace Download PDF

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JP4352489B2
JP4352489B2 JP35022298A JP35022298A JP4352489B2 JP 4352489 B2 JP4352489 B2 JP 4352489B2 JP 35022298 A JP35022298 A JP 35022298A JP 35022298 A JP35022298 A JP 35022298A JP 4352489 B2 JP4352489 B2 JP 4352489B2
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duct
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wall
gas
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JP2000171173A (en
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夏生 石渡
義明 原
貴 松井
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JFE Steel Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、金属製錬炉の付着ダスト厚み検出装置及び付着ダスト除去方法に関し、特に、固体炭素系還元剤の充填層内に低融点の酸化金属粉を吹き込み、炉内で発生したガスで該酸化金属粉を還元して、金属分を気化し、得られた金属蒸気を冷却して回収する金属製錬炉において、該金属蒸気が通過するダクトの内壁に付着したダストの厚みを検知し、その値に基づきダクト内を清掃する技術である。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
電気炉で溶鋼を製造するには、主原料として鉄スクラップ(以下、スクラップ)が使用される。このスクラップは、鉄以外の有価金属元素を含んでいることが多いので、その溶解時に発生するガスには、比較的低融点で、且つ揮発し易い亜鉛、鉛等のダストが混入する。このダストは、電気炉ダストと呼ばれており、その発生量は、スクラップ資源の再利用と共に増加している。そのため、資源の有効利用の観点から、該電気炉ダストをできるだけ効率良く多量に処理する技術の開発が望まれている。
【0003】
例えば、特開平8−325646号公報は、炭素系固体還元剤を充填し、2段羽口を有する竪型の金属製錬炉に、前記電気炉ダストを吹き込み、亜鉛を回収する方法を開示している。この方法は、亜鉛、鉛等の金属元素の蒸気圧が高いことを利用し、これらを還元、気化させて蒸気として発生ガス(以下、ガス)中へ移行させ、該ガスに水をかけて冷却し、凝固した亜鉛、鉛をスラリーとして回収するものである。従って、回収装置としては、ベンチュリー・スクラバーに沈殿槽や濃縮槽を組み合わせたものが使用される。
【0004】
ところで、このような金属の回収方法では、前記ガスを高温のままダクトを経て回収装置へ送る方法を採るので、ダクト内からの熱損失を少なくするために、ダクトの内壁は耐火物でライニングしており、これによりガス温度の低下を防いでいる。しかし、ガスの温度、組成の変動に起因して、ダクトの内壁に、亜鉛、鉛を始めとする他の金属元素やそれらの酸化物のダストが凝縮、付着してしまう場合がある。特に、ダクトと回収装置との接続部近傍では、回収装置内の低温雰囲気が影響して、ガスの温度が低下し易いので、ダストの凝縮、付着が生じ易い。
【0005】
かかる付着ダストが成長していくと、ガスの流路が狭まくなり、ダクト内の圧損が上昇し、金属製錬炉内の圧力も上昇する。この状態を放置しておくと、金属製錬炉への送風圧力が高くなり過ぎ、炉体の耐圧限界を超える等の設備上の制約で、操業が不調あるいは不能となる。そのため、かかる金属製錬炉の操業に際しては、前記ダクト内壁の付着ダストが成長しないように、その厚みを管理する必要がある。
【0006】
この管理に関して、上記特開平8−325646号公報は、ダクトの圧力損失あるいはダクト壁の温度を常時測定して、それら測定値の推移から内壁付着ダストの有無及び量を推定し、必要に応じてガスを2次燃焼させて昇温し、付着ダストを除去する技術を開示している。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、前記操業では、通常のダクト内の圧力変動と付着ダストによる圧力損失の上昇とを見分ける必要がある。不要な処置は、かえって安定な操業を乱すからである。
上記特開平8−325646号公報記載のダクトの圧力損失を測定する方法では、実際に付着ダストがかなり成長して、ダクトの断面積の半分、あるいは2/3程度が閉塞するような状況に至るまで、該付着ダストによる圧力損失の上昇を判別できない。
また、ダクト壁の温度推移を見ても、通常のガス温度の変動と付着ダストの成長による変動とが必ずしも判別ができない。そのため、上記公報記載の管理方法では、ダクト内にかなりの量の付着ダストがついた状態に至って、始めてアクションをとり、該付着ダストを除去するという操業を行わざるを得ない。ダクト内の、特にダクトと回収装置との接続部近傍内壁に付着ダストがついている場合、回収装置内へ流入するガスの流れが偏向することになり、回収装置でのガス冷却に影響を与える可能性がある。従って、このようなダクト内壁の付着ダストは、できるだけ少ないことが望ましい。
【0008】
本発明は、かかる事情に鑑み、ダクト内壁への付着ダストの量を正確に把握できる金属製錬炉の付着ダスト厚み検知装置及びその検知値に基づき、金属製錬を安定させるための付着ダスト除去方法を提供することを目的としている。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
従来のダクト温度測定による付着ダスト量の推定方法は、簡便な方法ではあったが、上記したようにガス温度の変化などの外乱による影響を受け易く、精度の高い付着ダスト量の把握ができなかった。そこで、この従来技術を改良して、付着ダストの検知精度を向上させることに鋭意努力し、本発明を完成させた。
【0010】
すなわち、本発明は、金属製錬炉内で発生したガスをダスト回収装置へ導くダクトの内部空間、該ダクト内壁面温度及び外気温度をそれぞれ測定する温度計と、ダクト内ガスとダクト内壁面間の熱伝達係数、ダクト外壁と外気間の熱伝達係数、ダクト内張り耐火物の熱伝導係数及びダクト内壁に付着したダストの熱伝導係数をそれぞれ記憶し、これら係数と前記各温度計により計測された温度測定値とで、ダクト内壁に付着したダストの厚みを演算し出力する演算器とを備えたことを特徴とする金属精錬炉の付着ダスト厚み検出装置である。
【0011】
また、本発明は、金属製錬炉内で発生したガスをダスト回収装置へ導くダクトの内壁面に付着したダストを除去するに際し、ダクトの内部空間温度、該ダクト内壁面温度及び外気温度を測定し、ダクト内ガスとダクト内壁面間の熱伝達係数、ダクト外壁と外気間の熱伝達係数、ダクト内張り耐火物の熱伝導係数及びダクト内壁に付着したダストの熱伝導係数と、各温度の測定値を用いて、前記付着したダストの厚みを演算し、該演算値が所定の設定値を超えた時に付着したダストの除去を行なうことを特徴とする金属製錬炉の付着ダスト除去方法である。
【0012】
この場合、付着ダストを除去するに当たっては、前記金属製錬炉内で発生したガスに別のガスを混入し、その温度及び組成を調整して前記付着ダストの温度を高め、該付着ダストを溶融、あるいは蒸発、気化することで除去することもできる。あるいは前記付着したダストを、機械的手段で除去することもできる。
【0013】
さらに、本発明は、前記金属製錬炉が、固体炭素系還元剤を充填し、そこに酸化金属粉を吹き込み、該酸化金属粉を炉内生成ガスで還元、製錬する縦型炉であることを特徴とする金属製錬炉の付着ダスト除去方法である。
【0014】
本発明によれば、ダクト内壁に付着したダストの厚みが従来より精度良く把握できるようになり、その値に基づいて実施する付着ダスト除去作業の信頼性が高まる。その結果、金属製錬炉での電気炉ダスト処理の操業が、従来より安定した状態で行えるようになる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
まず、本発明に係る付着ダストの厚み検出装置を、図2及び3に基づき説明する。
【0016】
図2及び3は、ダクト7内を炉内で発生した高温のガス20が通過している時のダクト7周辺の温度変化を模式的に示したものである。なお、図2は,ダストが付着していない状態、図3は、付着した状態に対応する。
【0017】
図2において、ダクト7内のガス20から内壁面への熱の移動量Qは、(1)式で表される。
【0018】
【数1】

Figure 0004352489
【0019】
ここで、T1はガスの温度、T2はダクトの内壁温度、riはダクトの内壁半径、hはガスとダクト内壁表面間の熱伝達係数である。
【0020】
また、ダクト7に内張した耐火物19の熱伝導係数をk’及び外径(半径)をroとして、また、ダクト外壁と外気間の熱伝達係数をh’、外気温をTRとすると、ダクト外壁から外気への放熱量(Q)は、以下のように表される。
【0021】
【数2】
Figure 0004352489
【0022】
この(2)式において、熱伝達係数hは、ダクト7内のガス流速及び温度や組成で決まる物性値である。また、耐火物19の熱伝導係数k’や厚みXも、耐火物19の組成や施工条件で決まる物性値である。なお、通常ダクト7に内張した耐火物19の周囲には鉄皮等が存在するが、熱伝導係数は、内張り耐火物に比べて1桁以上と大きく、また厚みも比較的薄いため、熱抵抗とならないため省略した。ダクト7を取り巻く外気状態(外気の温度TRや通風条件)が一定であれば、ダクト外壁と外気との間の熱伝達係数h’もほぼ一定であるので、金属製錬炉6の操業条件を一定にしていれば、ダスト付着のない時は、ガスの量及び組成がほぼ一定に保たれ、(2)式よりダクト外壁からの放散熱Qは、ほぼ一定となる。つまり、(1)式のT1−T2の値もほとんど変化がない。
【0023】
これに対して、図3のように、ダクト内壁に金属もしくは金属酸化物、カーボン等からなるダストが付着すると、これらダスト11がダクト7からの熱放散に対して抵抗となるため、金属製錬炉の操業条件が一定で、またダクト外壁の外気との間の通風条件が一定であっても、ダクト7からの放散熱やダクト内壁の温度が変化する。この時のダクト内壁温度をT2’、ダクト7からの放散熱をQ’とすると、下記(3)式、(4)式が導かれる。
【0024】
【数3】
Figure 0004352489
【0025】
【数4】
Figure 0004352489
【0026】
これら(3)及び(4)式のΔrは、ダクト内壁の付着ダスト11の厚みであり、kは、付着ダスト11の熱伝導係数である。
【0027】
(1)〜(4)式を(T2−T2’)で整理すると、(5)式になる。
【0028】
【数5】
Figure 0004352489
【0029】
ここで、(6)、(7)及び(8)式を下記のようにおき、(5)式を簡略化すると、(9)式になる。
【0030】
【数6】
Figure 0004352489
【0031】
【数7】
Figure 0004352489
【0032】
【数8】
Figure 0004352489
【0033】
【数9】
Figure 0004352489
【0034】
付着ダスト厚みであるΔrは、ダクト内径riより小さいため、(ri−Δr)>0であり、A>0,B>0,C>0,また(T2−TR)>0であるから、(9)式において右辺は、正の数であり、従って、T2’はT2と比べて小さくなる。また、付着ダスト11の厚みΔrが大きいほど、(9)式の右辺の数値は大きくなるので、付着ダスト量が多いほど、ダクト内壁面温度Tは低下する。
【0035】
さらに、(9)式は、T1,T2,T2’を測定すれば、残りの係数は予め定められる値なので、付着ダストの厚みΔrが求められることをも示している。
【0036】
そこで、発明者は、前記したように温度計8,12と演算器とを組み合わせて付着ダスト11の厚みΔrを検出する装置を考案したのである。
【0037】
次に、本発明に係る付着ダストの除去方法であるが、それは、上記厚み検出装置を用いることを前提としている。すなわち、金属製錬炉6の操業中にほぼ常時付着ダストの厚みを検出しておく。そして、その検出値が管理目標値を超えたら、操業に悪影響を与えないように、付着ダスト11の除去を開始して、短時間のうちに除去するのである。
【0038】
なお、本発明では、上記管理目標値を50mm以上にするのが好ましい。また、ダクト7の内径が500mm以下の場合はri/10以上が好ましい。付着ダストの厚みが上記管理目標値未満では、ダクト7内でのガス20の流通にさほど影響がない。圧力損失が大きくならないからである。さらに、付着ダスト11の除去方法は、後述の実施例で具体的に説明するが、本発明では、揮発除去及び機械的除去の2つの異なった手段を用いることができる。
【0039】
金属製錬炉の排気ダクト内壁に付着するダストは、亜鉛、鉛などの金属、もしくはその金属酸化物と炉内から飛散する炭材、スラグなどの混合物である。亜鉛、鉛などの金属は、ガス温度を上げることで溶融あるいは蒸発気化するので、これにより付着ダストを除去することが可能である。また、亜鉛、鉛などの酸化物は、発生ガス中のCO/CO2 濃度比率を増加させ還元雰囲気とすることで、還元反応を起こし金属亜鉛、金属鉛などを生成する。これにより、付着ダスト中の金属酸化物も金属亜鉛、金属鉛と同様に、溶融あるいは蒸発気化により除去することができる。従って、前記付着ダストの厚みが管理値を超えた場合に、発生ガスの温度やガス組成を操作することで、付着ダストを除去することができる。
【0040】
加えて、付着ダストは、上記のような混合物が積層した構造であるため、その積層構造を剥離するような方向へ機械的な力を加えることで、除去することもできる。この場合も前記したダクト内壁温度の計測により付着ダストの厚みを検出し、これが所定の管理値を超えた場合に、ダクトの付着ダストへ機械的な力を加えて付着ダストを除去することでダクトの圧力損失の上昇を防ぐことができ、金属製錬炉の安定的な操業を継続できる。
【0041】
【実施例】
まず、本発明の実施に用いた金属製錬炉6及びその操業を説明する。金属製錬炉6は、図1に示すように、2段羽口4,5を有し、コークス充填層2を内蔵した竪型炉である。そして、炉内で発生したガス20は、ダクト7を介してダストの回収装置14を経て燃料ガスとして回収される。該回収装置14には、ベンチュリ・スクラバーを採用し、湿式で有価金属である亜鉛、鉛等のダストの回収を図っている。この金属製錬炉6の操業は、上下に配置した二段羽口4,5へ温度が800℃で、酸素濃度35vol%の熱風を1500Nm3/hrで送風すると共に、製錬原料として亜鉛濃度30wt%の電気炉ダストを500kg/hrで上段羽口4から吹き込むことで行われる。
【0042】
すなわち、吹き込まれた電気炉ダスト中の亜鉛分は、上段羽口4の前で溶融還元した後、亜鉛蒸気となって、炉内ガスの上昇で炉頂へ運ばれ、前記ダクト7に設けたべチュリ・スクラバー14で該ガス20を水冷し、主に亜鉛を含有するダストを回収するのである。なお、ここでは、40t/hrで冷却水25を循環させている。また、操業時の炉頂ガス温度は、通常、800℃で、ガス組成は、CO:約50vol%、CO2:約2vol%、N2:残量である。炉頂−回収装置間のダクトは,外径1.2m−内径0.6mで、ダクト外管は,厚み30mmのステンレス鋼板で、内面に断熱性の良い耐火物19がコーティングされている。なお、耐火物の熱伝導率は、0.5w/m・k、付着物は1.0w/m・kであった。
【0043】
この金属製錬炉6の操業に際して、前記ダクト7の内壁にダストが付着し、層状に成長して、ダクト7の圧損を高め、操業を不調にしたり、不能にする。そこで、付着ダスト11の厚みを常時監視し、必要に応じて除去するため、前記した本発明に係る付着ダスト厚み検出装置と該付着ダスト除去方法が提案されたのである。
【0044】
図1には、付着ダスト厚み検出装置として、ベンチュリ・スクラバー14の直上部に繋がるダクト7に、ダクト内空間部の温度及び内壁面の温度を測定する温度計8,12のみを示している。これら温度計8,12は、熱電対であり、特に、空間部の温度を測定する温度計8は、機械式の付着ダスト除去手段9を使用する際に邪魔にならないよう、抜き差し自在としてある。なお、演算器は、所謂オペレータ室に配置するので、図示を省略してある。
【0045】
また、図1には、前記した付着ダスト11の除去に使用され、ダクト7内ガスの組成を変更する別ガスの導入装置16が示してある。この装置16は、CO−CO2−N2−O2の混合ガスを必要な組成、かつ温度で吹き込むことができる。さらに、ベンチュリ・スクラバー14には、差圧計17を備えている。加えて、ダクトのベンド部には、図7に詳細を示す機械式付着ダスト除去手段9が設置されている。これは、水冷の耐熱鋳鋼を先端部のクリーナ21として有し、このクリーナ21を上下方向に駆動することで、ダクト内壁に付着したダストを掻き落とすことができる。その際、前記したように、ダクト内空間部温度測定用の温度計8は、予めダクト7の耐火物19内へ退避させ、損傷を避けるようにしてある。
【0046】
以下、上記した金属精錬炉6の操業に、従来の付着ダスト除去方法及び本発明に係る除去方法を適用した際の状況や成績を説明する。
(従来例)
操業前に、金属製錬炉への送風及び原料の吹き込みを一時停止して、所謂休風を行い、ダクト内壁の付着物を完全に除去した。そして、付着ダストのない状態で操業を再開した。図4に、この操業での原料(電気炉ダスト)吹き込み量、ベンチュリー差圧、及びダクト内のガス組成の経時変化を示す。
【0047】
図4から明らかなように、操業再開して約80時間後にベンチュリーの差圧が急上昇し、送風ができなくなった。そのため、送風及び原料の吹き込みを一時停止し、作業者が人力でダクト内壁の付着ダストを除去することにした。付着ダストの厚みは90mmであった。しかし、ダストは強固に付着しており、その除去作業に約70時間かかった。その結果、操業再開後約200時間のうち、実際に操業できた時間は、130時間であった。
(本発明1)
上記従来例と同様に、操業前に休風を行い、ダクト内壁の付着ダストを完全に除去した後、操業を再開した。その際、本発明に係る付着ダスト厚み検出装置を用いた。操業状況を図5に示す。
【0048】
従来例の場合と同様に、操業再開後約70時間で、前記厚み装置の測定値Δrが管理目標値50mmを超えた。そのため、前記ガス導入装置を作動し、酸素及び窒素からなる混合ガスをダクト内に吹き込み、炉頂でガスを2次燃焼させた。これにより、CO2濃度が上昇したが、炉頂のガス温度を約1000℃まで上昇させた。その状態で18時間操業したところ、前記Δrが目標値以下になったので、前記混合ガスの導入が自動的に停止した。その後、約160時間後に再度Δr値が目標値を超えたので、炉頂ガスの温度と同温のCOガスをダクト内に吹き込んで、ガスのCO2/COを低下させた。約2時間後に、Δr値が低下し、COガスの吹き込みが停止した。この結果、操業再開後200時間にわたり連続操業が可能であった。なお、上記した混合ガスの導入に代え、本発明では、炉内充填させたコークス量と原料吹込み量を変更し、所謂コークス比を増加することで炉頂のガス温度を上げ、付着ダストを除去しても良い。
(本発明2)
従来例と同様に、操業前に送風及び原料の吹き込みを停止して休風を行い、ダクト内壁の付着ダストを完全に除去した後、製錬炉の操業を再開した。その状況を図6に示す。
【0049】
本発明1の場合と同様に、操業開始後約70時間でΔr値が目標値を超えた。そこで、約80時間後に図7に示す機械的な付着ダスト除去手段を稼働させ、付着ダストを掻き落としたところ、Δr値が平常レベルまで低下した。約160時間後にも、Δr値が上昇する現象が見られたが、同様に機械的除去作業を行った。その結果、本発明2でも、本発明法1と同様に、操業再開後200時間の連続操業ができた。
【0050】
なお、上記の実施例は、電気炉ダストを処理するのに便利な金属製錬炉の操業に適用したものであるが、本発明はそれに限らず、あらゆる金属製錬炉の排気ダクトに適用できることは、言うまでもない。
【0051】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明により、ダクト内壁に付着したダストの厚みを精度良く検出できるようになり、該付着ダストの除去タイミングが正確に知れるようになった。その結果、電気炉ダストを主原料とした金属製錬炉の操業が安定した。また、製品として回収したダスト中の亜鉛、鉛濃度のばらつきが低下し、製品の品位が向上した。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施に用いた金属製錬炉を示す縦断面図である。
【図2】本発明に係る付着ダスト厚み検出装置を説明する図であり、ダクト内壁にダストが付着していない時の図である。
【図3】本発明に係る付着ダスト厚み検出装置を説明する図であり、ダクト内壁にダストが付着している時の図である。
【図4】従来法で金属製錬炉を操業した時の状況を示す図である。
【図5】本発明で金属製錬炉を操業した時の状況を示す図である。
【図6】別態様の本発明で金属製錬炉を操業した時の状況を示す図である。
【図7】機械式付着ダスト除去手段の一例を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 コークスホッパ
2 コークス充填層
3 原料吹き込み管
4 上段羽口
5 下段羽口
6 金属製錬炉
7 ダクト
8 ダクト内空間の温度計
9 付着ダスト除去手段
10 冷却水噴射用スプレー
11 付着ダスト
12 ダクト内壁の温度計
13 冷却水送水用ポンプ
14 ダストの回収装置(ベンチュリータイプ)
15 冷却水用排水ポンプ
16 ガス導入装置
17 ベンチュリー差圧計
18 圧力導管
19 耐火物
20 ガス
21 クリーナ
22 クリーナの昇降手段
23 クリーナの動作方向
24 シール部
25 冷却水[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an attached dust thickness detection apparatus and an attached dust removal method for a metal smelting furnace, and in particular, low melting metal oxide powder is blown into a packed bed of a solid carbon-based reducing agent, and the generated gas in the furnace In the metal smelting furnace that reduces the metal oxide powder, vaporizes the metal, cools and collects the resulting metal vapor, detects the thickness of the dust attached to the inner wall of the duct through which the metal vapor passes, It is a technology that cleans the inside of the duct based on the value.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to manufacture molten steel in an electric furnace, iron scrap (hereinafter, scrap) is used as a main raw material. Since this scrap often contains valuable metal elements other than iron, dusts such as zinc and lead that have a relatively low melting point and easily volatilize are mixed in the gas generated when the scrap is dissolved. This dust is called electric furnace dust, and the generation amount thereof increases with the reuse of scrap resources. Therefore, from the viewpoint of effective use of resources, development of a technique for treating the electric furnace dust in a large amount as efficiently as possible is desired.
[0003]
For example, JP-A-8-325646 discloses a method for recovering zinc by blowing the electric furnace dust into a vertical metal smelting furnace filled with a carbon-based solid reducing agent and having a two-stage tuyere. ing. This method utilizes the high vapor pressure of metal elements such as zinc and lead, and these are reduced and vaporized to transfer into the generated gas (hereinafter referred to as gas) as steam, and the gas is cooled with water. Then, the solidified zinc and lead are recovered as a slurry. Therefore, as the recovery device, a combination of a venturi scrubber with a sedimentation tank or a concentration tank is used.
[0004]
By the way, in such a metal recovery method, since the gas is sent to the recovery device through the duct at a high temperature, the inner wall of the duct is lined with a refractory to reduce heat loss from the inside of the duct. This prevents a decrease in gas temperature. However, due to fluctuations in gas temperature and composition, dust of other metal elements such as zinc and lead and oxides thereof may be condensed and adhered to the inner wall of the duct. In particular, in the vicinity of the connection portion between the duct and the recovery device, the low temperature atmosphere in the recovery device affects the temperature of the gas, so that the dust tends to condense and adhere.
[0005]
As the adhered dust grows, the gas flow path becomes narrower, the pressure loss in the duct increases, and the pressure in the metal smelting furnace also increases. If this state is left as it is, the air blowing pressure to the metal smelting furnace becomes too high, and the operation becomes unsatisfactory or impossible due to restrictions on equipment such as exceeding the pressure limit of the furnace body. Therefore, when operating such a metal smelting furnace, it is necessary to control the thickness so that the dust attached to the inner wall of the duct does not grow.
[0006]
Regarding this management, the above Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-325646 constantly measures the pressure loss of the duct or the temperature of the duct wall, estimates the presence and amount of dust adhering to the inner wall from the transition of the measured values, and if necessary, A technique is disclosed in which gas is secondarily burned to raise the temperature and remove adhering dust.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the said operation, it is necessary to distinguish the pressure fluctuation in a normal duct, and the raise of the pressure loss by adhering dust. This is because unnecessary treatment disturbs stable operation.
In the method of measuring the pressure loss of the duct described in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-325646, the attached dust actually grows considerably, resulting in a situation where half of the cross sectional area of the duct or about 2/3 is blocked. Until then, the increase in pressure loss due to the adhering dust cannot be determined.
Further, even when looking at the temperature transition of the duct wall, it is not always possible to distinguish between fluctuations in normal gas temperature and fluctuations due to the growth of attached dust. For this reason, in the management method described in the above publication, it is unavoidable to perform an operation for removing the attached dust for the first time when a considerable amount of attached dust is in the duct. If dust is attached to the inner wall of the duct, especially near the connection between the duct and the recovery device, the flow of gas flowing into the recovery device will be deflected, which may affect the gas cooling in the recovery device. There is sex. Therefore, it is desirable that the amount of dust adhered to the inner wall of the duct is as small as possible.
[0008]
In view of such circumstances, the present invention is based on the detected dust thickness detection device for a metal smelting furnace capable of accurately grasping the amount of dust adhered to the inner wall of the duct, and the dust removal for stabilizing the metal smelting based on the detected value. It aims to provide a method.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The conventional method for estimating the amount of adhering dust by measuring the duct temperature was a simple method, but as described above, it is easily affected by disturbances such as changes in gas temperature, and the amount of adhering dust cannot be grasped with high accuracy. It was. In view of this, the present invention has been completed by improving this conventional technique and making efforts to improve the detection accuracy of attached dust.
[0010]
That is, the present invention includes an internal space of a duct that guides gas generated in a metal smelting furnace to a dust recovery device, a thermometer that measures the temperature of the internal wall of the duct and the temperature of the outside air, and a space between the internal gas of the duct and the internal wall of the duct. The heat transfer coefficient, the heat transfer coefficient between the outer wall of the duct and the outside air, the heat transfer coefficient of the duct-lined refractory, and the heat transfer coefficient of the dust adhering to the inner wall of the duct were memorized. An apparatus for detecting the adhered dust thickness of a metal refining furnace, comprising a calculator for calculating and outputting the thickness of dust adhered to an inner wall of a duct based on a temperature measurement value.
[0011]
Further, the present invention measures the internal space temperature of the duct, the inner wall surface temperature of the duct, and the outside air temperature when removing dust adhering to the inner wall surface of the duct that guides the gas generated in the metal smelting furnace to the dust recovery device. The heat transfer coefficient between the gas in the duct and the wall surface of the duct, the heat transfer coefficient between the duct outer wall and the outside air, the heat conduction coefficient of the duct-lined refractory, the heat conduction coefficient of dust adhering to the duct inner wall, and measurement of each temperature A method of calculating the thickness of the attached dust using a value, and removing the attached dust when the calculated value exceeds a predetermined set value. .
[0012]
In this case, when removing the adhering dust, another gas is mixed into the gas generated in the metal smelting furnace, the temperature and composition are adjusted to increase the temperature of the adhering dust, and the adhering dust is melted. Alternatively, it can be removed by evaporation or vaporization. Alternatively, the adhering dust can be removed by mechanical means.
[0013]
Furthermore, the present invention is a vertical furnace in which the metal smelting furnace is filled with a solid carbon-based reducing agent, metal oxide powder is blown into the metal smelting furnace, and the metal oxide powder is reduced and smelted with the generated gas in the furnace. This is a method for removing adhering dust from a metal smelting furnace.
[0014]
According to the present invention, the thickness of the dust attached to the inner wall of the duct can be grasped with higher accuracy than before, and the reliability of the attached dust removal work performed based on the value is increased. As a result, the electric furnace dust treatment operation in the metal smelting furnace can be performed in a more stable state than before.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
First, an apparatus for detecting the thickness of attached dust according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0016]
2 and 3 schematically show the temperature change around the duct 7 when the high-temperature gas 20 generated in the furnace passes through the duct 7. 2 corresponds to a state where dust is not attached, and FIG. 3 corresponds to a state where dust is attached.
[0017]
In FIG. 2, the amount of heat transfer Q from the gas 20 in the duct 7 to the inner wall surface is expressed by the equation (1).
[0018]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0004352489
[0019]
Here, T 1 is the gas temperature, T 2 is the duct inner wall temperature, ri is the duct inner wall radius, and h is the heat transfer coefficient between the gas and the duct inner wall surface.
[0020]
Further, the thermal conductivity of the refractory 19 which is lined on the duct 7 k 'and the outer diameter (radius) as ro, also the heat transfer coefficient between the outer duct wall and the outside air h', when the outside air temperature and T R The heat radiation amount (Q) from the duct outer wall to the outside air is expressed as follows.
[0021]
[Expression 2]
Figure 0004352489
[0022]
In this equation (2), the heat transfer coefficient h is a physical property value determined by the gas flow rate, temperature and composition in the duct 7. Further, the thermal conductivity coefficient k ′ and the thickness X of the refractory 19 are also physical properties determined by the composition and construction conditions of the refractory 19. Normally, there is an iron skin around the refractory 19 lined in the duct 7, but the heat conduction coefficient is one digit or more larger than that of the lining refractory and the thickness is relatively thin. Omitted because it does not become a resistance. Since the heat transfer coefficient h ′ between the outer wall of the duct and the outside air is substantially constant if the outside air surrounding the duct 7 (outside air temperature T R and ventilation conditions) is constant, the operating conditions of the metal smelting furnace 6 Is constant, when there is no dust adhesion, the amount and composition of the gas are kept substantially constant, and the heat dissipated from the outer wall of the duct is substantially constant from equation (2). That is, there is almost no change in the value of T 1 -T 2 in equation (1).
[0023]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 3, when dust made of metal, metal oxide, carbon or the like adheres to the inner wall of the duct, the dust 11 becomes resistant to heat dissipation from the duct 7. Even if the operating conditions of the furnace are constant and the ventilation conditions between the outside air of the duct outer wall are constant, the heat dissipated from the duct 7 and the temperature of the duct inner wall change. If the duct inner wall temperature at this time is T 2 ′ and the heat dissipated from the duct 7 is Q ′, the following expressions (3) and (4) are derived.
[0024]
[Equation 3]
Figure 0004352489
[0025]
[Expression 4]
Figure 0004352489
[0026]
In these equations (3) and (4), Δr is the thickness of the adhering dust 11 on the inner wall of the duct, and k is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the adhering dust 11.
[0027]
When formulas (1) to (4) are arranged by (T 2 −T 2 ′), formula (5) is obtained.
[0028]
[Equation 5]
Figure 0004352489
[0029]
Here, when formulas (6), (7), and (8) are placed as follows and formula (5) is simplified, formula (9) is obtained.
[0030]
[Formula 6]
Figure 0004352489
[0031]
[Expression 7]
Figure 0004352489
[0032]
[Equation 8]
Figure 0004352489
[0033]
[Equation 9]
Figure 0004352489
[0034]
Since Δr which is the attached dust thickness is smaller than the duct inner diameter ri, (ri−Δr)> 0, A> 0, B> 0, C> 0, and (T 2 −T R )> 0. , (9), the right side is a positive number, and therefore T 2 ′ is smaller than T 2 . Moreover, since the numerical value on the right side of the equation (9) increases as the thickness Δr of the attached dust 11 increases, the duct inner wall surface temperature T decreases as the amount of attached dust increases.
[0035]
Furthermore, equation (9) also shows that if T 1 , T 2 , T 2 ′ are measured, the remaining coefficient is a predetermined value, so that the thickness Δr of the adhered dust can be obtained.
[0036]
Therefore, the inventor has devised a device for detecting the thickness Δr of the attached dust 11 by combining the thermometers 8 and 12 and the calculator as described above.
[0037]
Next, a method for removing adhering dust according to the present invention is premised on the use of the thickness detection device. That is, the thickness of the adhering dust is detected almost always during the operation of the metal smelting furnace 6. When the detected value exceeds the management target value, the removal of the adhering dust 11 is started and removed in a short time so as not to adversely affect the operation.
[0038]
In the present invention, the management target value is preferably 50 mm or more. Moreover, when the internal diameter of the duct 7 is 500 mm or less, ri / 10 or more is preferable. When the thickness of the adhering dust is less than the management target value, the flow of the gas 20 in the duct 7 is not significantly affected. This is because the pressure loss does not increase. Furthermore, although the removal method of the adhesion dust 11 is demonstrated concretely by the below-mentioned Example, in this invention, two different means of volatilization removal and mechanical removal can be used.
[0039]
The dust adhering to the inner wall of the exhaust duct of the metal smelting furnace is a mixture of a metal such as zinc or lead, or a metal oxide thereof and a carbon material, slag, etc. scattered from the furnace. Since metals such as zinc and lead are melted or evaporated by raising the gas temperature, it is possible to remove adhering dust. In addition, oxides such as zinc and lead cause a reduction reaction by increasing the CO / CO 2 concentration ratio in the generated gas to form a reducing atmosphere, and generate metallic zinc, metallic lead, and the like. Thereby, the metal oxide in adhering dust can also be removed by melting or evaporation like metal zinc and metal lead. Therefore, when the thickness of the adhering dust exceeds the control value, the adhering dust can be removed by manipulating the temperature and gas composition of the generated gas.
[0040]
In addition, since the adhering dust has a structure in which the above mixture is laminated, it can be removed by applying a mechanical force in such a direction as to peel off the laminated structure. Also in this case, the thickness of the adhering dust is detected by measuring the duct inner wall temperature described above, and when this exceeds a predetermined control value, a mechanical force is applied to the adhering dust on the duct to remove the adhering dust. The increase in pressure loss can be prevented, and stable operation of the metal smelting furnace can be continued.
[0041]
【Example】
First, the metal smelting furnace 6 and its operation used for carrying out the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the metal smelting furnace 6 is a vertical furnace having two-stage tuyere 4 and 5 and incorporating a coke packed bed 2. The gas 20 generated in the furnace is recovered as fuel gas via the duct 7 and the dust recovery device 14. The recovery device 14 employs a venturi scrubber to recover wet and valuable metals such as zinc and lead. The operation of the metal smelting furnace 6 is to blow hot air with an oxygen concentration of 35 vol% at 1500 Nm 3 / hr to the two-stage tuyere 4 and 5 arranged at the top and bottom, and with a zinc concentration as a smelting raw material. 30 wt% electric furnace dust is blown from the upper tuyere 4 at 500 kg / hr.
[0042]
That is, the zinc content in the blown-in electric furnace dust is melted and reduced in front of the upper tuyere 4 and then converted into zinc vapor, which is carried to the top of the furnace due to the rise of the gas in the furnace, and should be provided in the duct 7. The gas 20 is water-cooled with a Turri scrubber 14 to collect dust mainly containing zinc. Here, the cooling water 25 is circulated at 40 t / hr. The furnace top gas temperature during operation is usually 800 ° C., and the gas composition is CO: about 50 vol%, CO 2 : about 2 vol%, and N 2 : remaining amount. The duct between the furnace top and the recovery device has an outer diameter of 1.2 m and an inner diameter of 0.6 m, and the duct outer pipe is a stainless steel plate having a thickness of 30 mm, and the inner surface is coated with a refractory 19 having good heat insulation. In addition, the heat conductivity of the refractory was 0.5 w / m · k, and the deposit was 1.0 w / m · k.
[0043]
During the operation of the metal smelting furnace 6, dust adheres to the inner wall of the duct 7 and grows in layers, increasing the pressure loss of the duct 7 and making the operation unstable or impossible. Therefore, in order to constantly monitor the thickness of the adhering dust 11 and remove it as necessary, the adhering dust thickness detecting device and the adhering dust removing method according to the present invention have been proposed.
[0044]
FIG. 1 shows only the thermometers 8 and 12 for measuring the temperature of the space in the duct and the temperature of the inner wall surface of the duct 7 connected to the upper part of the venturi scrubber 14 as the attached dust thickness detection device. These thermometers 8 and 12 are thermocouples, and in particular, the thermometer 8 that measures the temperature of the space is freely detachable so that it does not get in the way when the mechanical attached dust removing means 9 is used. Note that the calculator is not shown because it is arranged in a so-called operator room.
[0045]
FIG. 1 also shows another gas introduction device 16 that is used to remove the attached dust 11 and changes the composition of the gas in the duct 7. The apparatus 16 can blow a mixed gas of CO—CO 2 —N 2 —O 2 at a required composition and temperature. Further, the venturi scrubber 14 is provided with a differential pressure gauge 17. In addition, mechanical adhering dust removing means 9 shown in detail in FIG. 7 is installed at the bend portion of the duct. This has water-cooled heat-resistant cast steel as the cleaner 21 at the tip, and by driving the cleaner 21 in the vertical direction, dust adhering to the inner wall of the duct can be scraped off. At that time, as described above, the thermometer 8 for measuring the temperature in the duct space is retracted into the refractory 19 of the duct 7 in advance to avoid damage.
[0046]
Hereinafter, the situation and results when the conventional attached dust removing method and the removing method according to the present invention are applied to the operation of the metal refining furnace 6 will be described.
(Conventional example)
Before the operation, the blowing of air and the raw material into the metal smelting furnace were temporarily stopped, so-called resting was performed, and the deposits on the inner wall of the duct were completely removed. The operation was resumed with no adhering dust. FIG. 4 shows changes over time in the amount of raw material (electric furnace dust) blown in this operation, the venturi differential pressure, and the gas composition in the duct.
[0047]
As is apparent from FIG. 4, about 80 hours after the operation was resumed, the venturi differential pressure suddenly increased, and the air could not be blown. Therefore, it was decided to temporarily stop the blowing and the blowing of the raw material, and the worker manually removes the adhering dust on the inner wall of the duct. The thickness of the adhering dust was 90 mm. However, the dust adhered firmly, and it took about 70 hours to remove it. As a result, of the approximately 200 hours after the operation resumed, the actual operation time was 130 hours.
(Invention 1)
As with the above-described conventional example, the operation was resumed after the wind was stopped before the operation, and dust adhered to the inner wall of the duct was completely removed. At that time, the attached dust thickness detector according to the present invention was used. The operation status is shown in FIG.
[0048]
As in the case of the conventional example, the measured value Δr of the thickness device exceeded the management target value 50 mm in about 70 hours after the operation was resumed. Therefore, the gas introducing device was operated, a mixed gas composed of oxygen and nitrogen was blown into the duct, and the gas was subjected to secondary combustion at the top of the furnace. As a result, the CO 2 concentration increased, but the gas temperature at the top of the furnace was increased to about 1000 ° C. When operated for 18 hours in that state, the introduction of the mixed gas was automatically stopped because the Δr was below the target value. Thereafter, after about 160 hours, the Δr value again exceeded the target value, so CO gas having the same temperature as that of the furnace top gas was blown into the duct to reduce the CO 2 / CO of the gas. After about 2 hours, the Δr value decreased and CO gas blowing stopped. As a result, continuous operation was possible for 200 hours after the operation resumed. Instead of introducing the mixed gas described above, in the present invention, the amount of coke filled in the furnace and the amount of raw material blown are changed, and the so-called coke ratio is increased to increase the gas temperature at the top of the furnace, and the adhering dust is reduced. It may be removed.
(Invention 2)
As in the conventional example, the operation of the smelting furnace was resumed after stopping the blowing and blowing of the raw material before the operation and performing the resting to completely remove the adhering dust on the inner wall of the duct. The situation is shown in FIG.
[0049]
As in the case of the present invention 1, the Δr value exceeded the target value about 70 hours after the start of operation. Then, after about 80 hours, when the mechanical adhering dust removing means shown in FIG. 7 was operated and the adhering dust was scraped off, the Δr value decreased to a normal level. Even after about 160 hours, the Δr value increased, but mechanical removal was performed in the same manner. As a result, in the present invention 2, as in the present invention method 1, continuous operation was possible for 200 hours after the resumption of operation.
[0050]
In addition, although said Example was applied to operation of the metal smelting furnace convenient for processing an electric furnace dust, this invention is not restricted to this, It can apply to the exhaust duct of all metal smelting furnaces. Needless to say.
[0051]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the thickness of dust attached to the inner wall of the duct can be accurately detected, and the removal timing of the attached dust can be accurately known. As a result, the operation of the metal smelting furnace using electric furnace dust as the main raw material was stabilized. In addition, the variation in zinc and lead concentrations in the dust collected as a product decreased, and the quality of the product improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a metal smelting furnace used in the practice of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view for explaining an attached dust thickness detection device according to the present invention, and is a view when dust is not attached to an inner wall of a duct.
FIG. 3 is a view for explaining an attached dust thickness detecting device according to the present invention, and is a view when dust is attached to an inner wall of a duct.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a situation when a metal smelting furnace is operated by a conventional method.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a situation when a metal smelting furnace is operated in the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a situation when a metal smelting furnace is operated in another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a mechanically attached dust removing unit.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Coke hopper 2 Coke packed bed 3 Raw material blow pipe 4 Upper tuyere 5 Lower tuyere 6 Metal smelting furnace 7 Duct 8 Duct space thermometer 9 Adhering dust removal means 10 Cooling water spray 11 Adhering dust 12 Duct inner wall Thermometer 13 Cooling water pump 14 Dust recovery device (Venturi type)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 Cooling water drainage pump 16 Gas introduction apparatus 17 Venturi differential pressure gauge 18 Pressure conduit 19 Refractory 20 Gas 21 Cleaner 22 Cleaner lifting / lowering means 23 Cleaner operating direction 24 Sealing portion 25 Cooling water

Claims (3)

金属製錬炉内で発生したガスをダスト回収装置へ導くダクトの内部空間、該ダクト内壁面温度及び外気温度をそれぞれ測定する温度計と、ダクト内ガスとダクト内壁面間の熱伝達係数、ダクト外壁と外気間の熱伝達係数、ダクト内張り耐火物の熱伝導係数及びダクト内壁に付着したダストの熱伝導係数をそれぞれ記憶し、これら係数と前記各温度計により計測された温度測定値とで、ダクト内壁に付着したダストの厚みを演算し出力する演算器とを備えたことを特徴とする金属精錬炉の付着ダスト厚み検出装置。  The internal space of the duct that guides the gas generated in the metal smelting furnace to the dust recovery unit, the thermometer that measures the inner wall surface temperature and the outside air temperature, the heat transfer coefficient between the duct gas and the duct inner wall surface, the duct The heat transfer coefficient between the outer wall and the outside air, the heat conduction coefficient of the duct-lined refractory, and the heat conduction coefficient of dust adhering to the duct inner wall are stored respectively, and these coefficients and the temperature measurement values measured by the respective thermometers, An apparatus for detecting an adhering dust thickness in a metal refining furnace, comprising: an arithmetic unit that calculates and outputs the thickness of dust adhering to an inner wall of a duct. 金属製錬炉内で発生したガスをダスト回収装置へ導くダクトの内壁面に付着したダストを除去するに際し、
ダクトの内部空間温度、該ダクト内壁面温度及び外気温度を測定し、ダクト内ガスとダクト内壁面間の熱伝達係数、ダクト外壁と外気間の熱伝達係数、ダクト内張り耐火物の熱伝導係数及びダクト内壁に付着したダストの熱伝導係数と、各温度の測定値を用いて、前記付着したダストの厚みを演算し、該演算値が所定の設定値を超えた時に付着したダストの除去を行なうことを特徴とする金属製錬炉の付着ダスト除去方法。
When removing dust adhering to the inner wall surface of the duct that guides the gas generated in the metal smelting furnace to the dust recovery device,
Measure the internal space temperature of the duct, the inner wall surface temperature of the duct, and the outside air temperature, the heat transfer coefficient between the gas in the duct and the inner wall surface of the duct, the heat transfer coefficient between the outer wall of the duct and the outside air, the heat conduction coefficient of the duct-lined refractory, and Using the thermal conductivity coefficient of dust adhering to the inner wall of the duct and the measured value of each temperature, the thickness of the adhering dust is calculated, and the adhering dust is removed when the calculated value exceeds a predetermined set value. A method for removing adhering dust from a metal smelting furnace.
前記金属製錬炉が、炉内に固体炭素系還元剤が充填され、該固体炭素系還元剤中へ高温の酸素含有ガスと酸化金属が吹き込まれ、該酸化金属が炉内生成ガスにより還元、製錬される竪型炉であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の金属製錬炉の付着ダスト除去方法。  The metal smelting furnace is filled with a solid carbon-based reducing agent in the furnace, a high-temperature oxygen-containing gas and a metal oxide are blown into the solid carbon-based reducing agent, and the metal oxide is reduced by the generated gas in the furnace, The method for removing adhering dust from a metal smelting furnace according to claim 2, wherein the method is a vertical furnace to be smelted.
JP35022298A 1998-12-09 1998-12-09 Adhered dust thickness detection device and method for removing adhering dust in a metal smelting furnace Expired - Fee Related JP4352489B2 (en)

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