JP4356872B2 - Solid-liquid separator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a solid-liquid separator that separates solid sediment and the like from a solid-liquid mixture such as water mixed with sediment.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a conventional technique, for example, an outline of dredging work of sand (stacked sand) deposited on the bottom of a dam lake is shown in FIG.
In FIG. 5, a trolley 11 stopped on the dam lake M includes a pump (not shown), a hose storage means, an operator, a drive source of the trolley, a hose lifting / lowering equipment, a compressed air supply means (for example, an air compressor), or an underwater A pump drive power supply is installed.
Then, compressed air is supplied from the carriage 11 to the vicinity of the opening of the suction hose 12A via an air supply system (not shown), or a submersible pump (not shown) is driven.
[0003]
Thus, when compressed air is supplied, when compressed air rises, water and sediment are taken up to raise the inside of the hose 12A, and when the submersible pump is driven, The sediment is taken to the water and sucked into the hose (12A) and rises.
Then, a mixture of water and (air) and sedimentation is transported from the carriage 11 to the treatment plant P on land (for example, a dam site) via the transport system H.
In the treatment plant P, water and sediment are separated (solid-liquid separation treatment), the water is returned to the dam lake after purification treatment, and the fine sediment that has not been separated into solid and liquid is again returned to the dam lake. It seems that it will not be returned to.
Further, the separated sediment is transported to a predetermined disposal facility and discarded using a transportation means U such as a truck.
On the other hand, if solid-liquid separation means can be provided on the carriage, ground equipment for performing such solid-liquid separation processing becomes unnecessary, and the whole equipment is simplified, which is convenient. However, the conventional apparatus for solid-liquid separation treatment has a problem that it is very large and has a large mass. On the other hand, it is not preferable to install heavy equipment in the above-mentioned trolley, and the connection of the transportation system is not preferable. It is also a troublesome problem.
[0004]
In addition, in the dredging method shown in FIG. 5, the sediment hose 12A cannot be dredged by the sediment suction hose 12A, so the position of the suction hose 12A needs to move frequently. . For this reason, the trolley 11 must be moved frequently, but such frequent movement becomes difficult if a large-mass facility is mounted on the trolley.
In other words, if the mass of equipment mounted on the trolley is not reduced, it will be difficult to remove a wide range of sediment, making dredging work difficult. The ship was equipped with only the minimum equipment necessary for dredging work (pump, hose storage means, operator, trolley drive source, hose lifting equipment).
[0005]
In addition, there is a technique for dredging a dam lake or the like using a dredger (for example, see Patent Document 1). However, no solution has been proposed to solve the above-mentioned problems.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 53-142032
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is proposed in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and it is not necessary to provide a solid-liquid separation processing plant on the ground, and an object is to provide a solid-liquid separation apparatus for dredging sediment efficiently. It is said.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The solid-liquid separation device of the present invention (installed on a lake such as a dam lake, a river, or a trolley configured to float on the sea) extends in the vertical direction and moves upward. The casing (1) includes a flow path (L) formed so as to reduce a cross-sectional area, and the casing (1) includes a water-permeable region (4: (for example, punching) in which many through holes are formed. A region constituted by a pod or the like: a mesh member or a mesh member may be used), and compressed air (A) is injected into the casing (1) and the injected air (A) is the casing (1). An air injection means (2) configured to form a spiral flow (spiral flow) along the inner wall of the flow path (L), and a solid (eg, sediment) provided above the flow path (L). Etc.) (Solid collector 5) In the flow path (L) leading from the casing (1) to the means for collecting and transporting the solid, a flexible guide member is provided that extends on the central axis of the flow path (L). Has been.
[0009]
According to the solid-liquid separator of the present invention configured as described above, compressed air is jetted into a flow path in the casing, and a spiral flow of air and water (mixture) is generated in the casing. Such a spiral flow of air and water causes a phenomenon similar to that of a tornado in the flow path in the casing, so that a force for attracting a solid in the center direction (centripetal force) and a force to rise are generated.
By the action of the centripetal force, the solid is sucked into the central portion of the flow path in the casing and rises. And it is collected by the means which collects the solid (for example, sedimentation etc.) provided above the casing. And what is necessary is just to convey to a sediment storage means via a conveyance line etc., for example.
[0010]
On the other hand, when the air and water forming the spiral flow flow through the water permeable portion provided on the casing wall surface, the air and water are discharged from the water permeable portion to the outside of the casing, and are discharged via a discharge pipe (for example, a lake in which a base boat is stopped). , Dam lake).
[0011]
If the solid-liquid separation device of the present invention configured in this way is installed on a trolley configured to float on a lake, a river, or a sea such as a dam lake, the solid-liquid separation by a simple configuration is possible. Separation is possible, and dredging of the bottom of the water can be performed by introducing the bottom sediment with water and separating the solid sediment.
At this time, since a simple device that generates an air spiral flow (spiral flow) may be provided in the flow path in the device, the mass is light and there is no fear that the movement of the carriage will be hindered.
[0012]
In dredging work, the water from which the solid has been separated can be returned to the lake (dam lake, etc.) where the trolley is stopped. Since the fine sediment is separated into solid and liquid, even if it is returned to the lake (dam lake, etc.), the harmful effect of the fine sediment spreading is kept to a minimum.
[0013]
In carrying out the present invention, compressed air is ejected by the air ejecting means so that a phenomenon similar to that of a tornado occurs in the flow path in the casing due to the spiral flow (air and water) in the casing. If the spiral flow becomes faster than generating a tornado-like phenomenon in the flow path, the centrifugal force acting on the solid such as sediment will be larger than the centripetal force, so the above effect is I can't hope. On the other hand, even if the air injection speed from the air injection means is too slow, the spiral flow along the inner wall of the flow path as described above does not occur.
Therefore, the air injection speed from the air injection means needs to be adjusted appropriately on a case-by-case basis depending on the operating conditions of the solid-liquid separation means. Therefore, it is preferable that the air injection means is configured so that the air injection speed can be adjusted.
[0015]
As a result of various researches by the inventors, if the guide member as described above is installed, solids such as sedimentation are centered by centripetal force when the spiral flow is generated, compared to the case where the guide member is not provided. It has been confirmed that the action of being sucked into the water occurs more strongly.
As shown in FIG. 3, a vortex is generated on the surface of the guide member, and such a vortex generates a pressure difference such that the pressure in the vicinity of the guide member is lower than the pressure at the peripheral edge of the flow path. Then, due to this pressure difference, the solid is pressed toward the guide member, and as a result, the action of the solid being sucked to the center of the flow path is exerted more strongly than when no guide member is provided. is there.
[0016]
Further, in the present invention, the means for collecting the solid (for example, sediment) (solid collection unit 5) is provided with a check structure (for example, a reverse support valve) in a boundary region with the flow path in the casing. preferable.
This is to prevent the raised solid (such as sediment) from falling through the flow path (L).
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the drawings, similar members are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0020]
In FIG. 1, the solid-liquid separation device 10 is provided with a casing 1 formed in a conical shape whose diameter is reduced upward, and is formed inside the casing 1 so that a cross-sectional area decreases upward. A flow path L is formed.
A suction pipe 12 that hangs down toward the bottom of the water is provided below the casing 1 so as to communicate with the flow path L. The suction pipe 12 is configured such that sediment at the bottom of the water is introduced into the casing 1 together with water by known suction means such as an air lift or a submersible pump (not shown).
[0021]
Air jetting means 2 is provided on the side surface of the lower region of the casing 1, and compressed air A is supplied from an air supply means (not shown). More specifically, the air supply means 2 is a nozzle formed on the inner wall surface of the casing, and the air jetted from the nozzle forms a spiral flow SR (described later) along the wall surface of the flow path L. It is configured to do. The compressed air A is ejected from the air ejection means 2 via an annular space 2R provided inside the casing 1.
[0022]
Compressed air A is ejected from the air ejection means 2 toward the flow path L, and a tornado-like upward flow, that is, a spiral flow SR is generated along the inner wall surface of the flow path L by the air flow. .
The solid-liquid mixture is entrained by the spiral flow SR or entrained by the spiral flow SR, and ascends in the flow path L as indicated by an arrow U.
[0023]
A water permeable portion 4 is provided in the upper region of the casing 1. A large number of openings Q are formed in the water permeable portion 4, and the water and / or air constituting the spiral flow SR receives a radially outward force due to the centrifugal force. It is discharged to the outside of the casing 1 through Q.
On the other hand, since the solid of the solid-liquid mixture moves in the vicinity of the center portion of the flow path L by the action of the spiral flow SR, it does not receive a radial outward force and is not discharged from the many openings Q of the water permeable portion 4.
As a result, only the liquid (or water and / or air) in the solid-liquid mixture constituting the spiral flow SR is discharged out of the casing by the water permeable portion 4, and the solid continues to rise near the center of the flow path L. . That is, in the water permeable portion 4, only the liquid (or water and / or air) is separated from the solid-liquid mixture. And the sediment concentration continues to increase at the radial center of the flow path L.
[0024]
An opening 4R having a relatively large cross-sectional area is formed at the uppermost portion of the water permeable portion 4, and most of the remaining liquid (or water and / or air) component of the solid-liquid mixture is discharged from the opening 4R to the casing 1. It is discharged outside. As a result, the liquid content is extremely small above the opening 4R.
In FIG. 1, the liquid (or water and / or air) discharged out of the casing 1 is indicated by an arrow W.
In addition, although the separated water (liquid W discharged | emitted out of the casing 1) is only discharged | emitted out of the casing 1 in FIG. 1, in the example shown in FIG. It has been returned to.
[0025]
Referring again to FIG. 1, a solid collection unit 5 that collects a solid, for example, sediment, is provided above the flow path L of the casing 1. In other words, the solid collecting unit 5 is also a means for collecting the solid, for example, sediment.
The solid collecting part 5 is provided with a backflow preventing means 6 at an opening from the casing 1 inside thereof. In the illustrated embodiment, the backflow prevention means 6 is shown as a reed check valve, and when the solid rising force is strong, it is opened as shown by the solid line in FIG. When it falls, it will be in a closed state as shown with a dotted line (code | symbol 6S), and it will prevent that the solid (for example, sediment) which reached | attained the solid collection part 5 flows back into the flow path L, or falls.
[0026]
In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the carrying-out pipe | tube 8 and the storage means 13 are provided, and the sediment collected or collected by the solid collection part 5 is poured by the carrying-out pipe 8 which is a carrying-out line, and is stored by the storage means 13. It may be configured as described above.
[0027]
FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 2, a chain (guide member) 7 is suspended along the central axis of the flow path L in the casing 1. Other configurations are the same as those in FIG.
2, similarly to the first embodiment of FIG. 1, the compressed air A is supplied in the tangential direction of the flow path L from the air ejection means (nozzle adjustable nozzle) 2 provided in the lower region of the casing 1. If it ejects, it will be comprised so that the upward flow (spiral flow SR) swirling in a tornado form may be produced with respect to the solid-liquid mixture introduced into the flow path L from the suction pipe 12 below the casing 1. Further, a water permeable portion 4 in which a large number of through holes Q are formed is formed in the upper region of the casing 1, and liquid (water and / or air) is separated from the solid-liquid mixture and discharged from the spiral flow SR. It is configured like this.
[0028]
Therefore, also in the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the solid-liquid mixture flowing through the flow path L in the solid-liquid separation device 10 is tornadoed by the action of the compressed air A ejected from the air ejection means 2 in the tangential direction. Ascends as a spiral flow SR. And since solids (sediment etc.) gather in the center of the flow of the solid-liquid mixture and the liquid exists radially outward, the liquid is discharged to the outside of the casing 1 by the action of the water permeable part 4. Solid-liquid separation is performed.
[0029]
As described above, in the solid-liquid separator 10 according to the second embodiment, the guide member, for example, the chain 7 hangs down along the central axis of the flow path L in the casing 1. According to the inventor's experiment, by dropping such a guide member, it is easier to concentrate sediment on the central axis of the flow path L than when the guide member (chain 7) is not installed. It has been confirmed that a large amount of sediment is separated from water and air.
[0030]
As shown in FIG. 3A, when a guide member such as a chain 7 is present, a large number of vortices VG are generated on the surface of the chain 7. As a result of the vortex VG acting as a pressure loss, the pressure in the vicinity of the chain 7 is lower than the pressure on both sides. In the example of the embodiment of FIG. 2, the pressure around the chain 7 that hangs down along the central axis of the flow path L is lower than the pressure in the radially outer region of the flow path L. As a result, In FIG. 3A, a force (force resulting from the differential pressure) as indicated by an arrow PD acts.
Since the force PD described above acts on the solid component in the flow of the solid-liquid mixture, the solid is more concentrated in the center of the flow path L when the chain 7 is provided than when the chain 7 is not provided. It is.
[0031]
In FIG. 3B, when the ratio of solid concentration is conceptually displayed on the vertical axis and the radial position in the flow path L is indicated on the horizontal axis, the tendency (characteristic) of the solid in the pipe L to concentrate is shown. Indicated. According to the inventor's experiment, the solid line in FIG. 3B is the case where the chain 7 is provided and the dotted line is not provided. As is clear from FIG. 3B, solids (such as sediment) are concentrated in the center of the flow path L when the chain 7 is provided.
[0032]
FIG. 4 shows a state in which any of the solid-liquid separators 10 according to the embodiment of FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 is mounted on the carriage 11 and dredging the sediment S on the bottom of the dam lake. . However, the application of the solid-liquid separation device 10 can be applied to cases other than the case where the solid-liquid separation device 10 is mounted on the carrier 11 floated on the dam lake.
[0033]
In FIG. 4, a solid-liquid separation device 10, which will be described later in detail, and a storage means for storing sediment D separated by the solid-liquid separation device 10 are stored on a carriage 11 stopped on the lake water (M). 13 is mounted.
The carriage 11 is anchored at a predetermined position on the dam lake M, the suction pipe 12 is suspended in the sediment S on the bottom of the water, and the sediment S together with water is introduced into the solid-liquid separator 10 by the suction means (not shown). ing.
[0034]
Compressed air A is introduced into the solid-liquid separation device 10, and water or air is separated and separated from the flow of the solid-liquid mixture in the water permeable portion 4 (not shown in FIG. 4: see FIGS. 1 and 2). The latter water and its air are returned from the discharge pipe 9 to the lake water.
The sediment S separated from the water is collected by the solid collecting unit 5 and stored in the storage means 13 from the carry-out line 8.
The carriage 11 performs dredging in a wide range by moving sequentially, and the sediment D collected in the storage means 13 is landed as appropriate and transported to a disposal facility by transportation means.
[0035]
It should be noted that the illustrated embodiment is merely an example, and is not a description to limit the technical scope of the present invention.
For example, the solid-liquid separation device of the present invention is not limited to the one that is mounted on a carriage and used for dredging.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
The effects of the present invention are as follows.
(1) The solid-liquid separator is lightweight and compact and can be easily mounted on a trolley.
(2) Since there is no need for a transportation system to land, the carriage can be easily moved, and dredging work in a wide range can be efficiently performed.
(3) Solid and liquid can be separated from a solid-liquid mixture with a simple structure.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating an embodiment in which a solid-liquid separator according to the present invention is installed on a trolley.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing details of a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the operation of a main part in the second embodiment and showing a state or characteristics in which solids are concentrated.
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of a dredge apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining conventional dredging work.

Claims (2)

  A casing having a flow path formed therein so as to extend in a vertical direction and reduce its cross-sectional area toward the upper side; Air injection means configured to inject compressed air into the inside and form a spiral flow along the flow path wall surface in the casing, and means for collecting solids provided above the flow path And a guide member extending on the central axis of the flow path and having flexibility is installed in the flow path from the inside of the casing to the means for collecting and transporting the solid. A solid-liquid separation device.   2. The solid-liquid separator according to claim 1, wherein the means for collecting the solid is provided with a check structure in a boundary region with the flow path in the casing.

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