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JP4362986B2 - Vending machine controller - Google Patents
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JP4362986B2 - Vending machine controller - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP4362986B2
JP4362986B2 JP2001091918A JP2001091918A JP4362986B2 JP 4362986 B2 JP4362986 B2 JP 4362986B2 JP 2001091918 A JP2001091918 A JP 2001091918A JP 2001091918 A JP2001091918 A JP 2001091918A JP 4362986 B2 JP4362986 B2 JP 4362986B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
compressor
heat exchanger
temperature
vending machine
internal
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP2001091918A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2002288728A (en
Inventor
晃 菅原
恭一 高埜
浩之 梅沢
保夫 高瀬
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Fuji Electric Retail Systems Co Ltd
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Fuji Electric Retail Systems Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2001091918A priority Critical patent/JP4362986B2/en
Publication of JP2002288728A publication Critical patent/JP2002288728A/en
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  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、缶飲料などの商品を冷却又は加温して販売する自動販売機の冷却制御を行う自動販売機制御装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
図8は、自動販売機の内部構造図である。図8において、1は圧縮機、2は外部熱交換器、3〜5は内部熱交換器、11〜14はファン、28は電気ヒータ、29は漏電遮断器、30は商品ラック、31は搬出シュート、32は断熱区画壁、33は外断熱壁、34は前面扉、35は商品取出口である。
【0003】
外断熱壁33と断熱性の前面扉34で囲まれた庫内は、断熱区画壁32,32によって3個の庫室A,B,Cに区画されており、それぞれの庫室A,B,Cを個別に冷却したり加温したりして冷たい飲料と温かい飲料の両方を販売していた。そして、冷却用庫室は、圧縮機1,外部熱交換器2,内部熱交換器3〜5等よりなる周知の冷凍サイクルによって冷却し、加温用庫室は電気ヒータ28によって加温するようにしていた。
【0004】
そのような、従来の自動販売機では、冷却用庫室を冷却する冷凍サイクルで発生した排熱は、外部熱交換器2を介して外部に放出させる一方、加温用庫室の加温手段としては、電気ヒータ28を使用しており、効率が良くなかった。そこで、本出願人は、特願平11-255466号として、ヒートポンプ式の冷却・加温装置を採用した自動販売機を提案した。
【0005】
図1は、ヒートポンプ式の冷却・加温装置を採用した自動販売機の冷媒回路図である。符号は、図8のものに対応しており、6〜9は電動膨張弁、10は気液分離器、15A〜17Bは電磁弁、18〜20は各庫室A〜Cの庫内温度を検知するための温度センサ、21は外部熱交換器2に設けられていて外気温度を検知するための温度センサである。電磁弁15A〜17Bを切り換えることにより、内部熱交換器3〜5を蒸発器として使ってそれが設けられた庫室内を冷却したり、凝縮器として使って、その排熱を利用して庫室内を加温したりする。その結果、従来は外部に捨てていた冷凍サイクルの排熱を有効活用できて、自動販売機の電力消費を大幅に低減させることができる。
【0006】
この自動販売機の圧縮機1は、インバータ電源により駆動され、電源周波数に応じた回転数で運転される。そして、起動時は、まず各庫室のファン12〜14を起動した後、圧縮機を起動し、各庫室の冷却あるいは加温を開始することになる。その後、各庫室の庫内温度が上限設定温度に達するまで圧縮機をフル運転させる。
【0007】
各庫室の庫内温度が上限設定温度に達した後の庫内温度の制御は、圧縮機1の電源周波数を変化させたり、各庫室のファン12〜14の回転速度を変化させたり、電動膨張弁7〜9の開度を調整したりすることにより行うようにした。
【0008】
すなわち、冷却用庫室の庫内温度が設定範囲より高くなったり、加温用庫室の庫内温度が設定範囲より低くなったりしたら、インバータ電源の周波数を高くして圧縮機1の能力を上げ、逆に、冷却用庫室の庫内温度が設定範囲より低くなったり、加温用庫室の庫内温度が設定範囲より高くなったりしたら、インバータ電源の周波数を低くして圧縮機1の能力を下げる。また、それぞれの庫室毎の庫内温度は、ファン12〜14の回転速度を変化させたり、電動膨張弁7〜9の開度を調整したりすることにより調節する。
【0009】
本出願人が提案したヒートポンプ式の冷却・加温装置を採用した自動販売機では、そのようにして各庫室の庫内温度が設定範囲に入るようにした。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、そのような制御方法では、プルアップ完了後、加温用庫室の庫内温度が再び低下し、圧縮機1の能力が低い状態から、インバータ電源の周波数を高くして圧縮機1の能力を上げる際に、圧縮機1に過大な負担がかかり、一時的に電流が増大するという問題点があった。
【0011】
すなわち、プルアップ完了後では、冷凍回路内の冷媒は、液体と気体が混ざり合った状態になっており、圧縮機1が能力の低い状態から、インバータ電源の周波数を高くして圧縮機1の能力を急激に上げると、液体となっている冷媒が圧縮機1に過大な負担をかけ、インバータ電源の電流が増大することになる。
【0012】
本発明は、そのような問題点を解決すること、すなわち、プルアップ完了後、加温用庫室の庫内温度が再び低下し、圧縮機1の能力を上げて加温用庫室の庫内温度設定値まで上昇させる際に、圧縮機1に過大な負担がかからないようにすることを目的とするものである。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記課題を解決するため、請求項1に記載の自動販売機制御装置は、断熱性の壁で区画された複数の庫室を有し、各庫室にはそれぞれ電動膨張弁付きの内部熱交換器及びファンが設けられ、それらの電動膨張弁と内部熱交換器は、庫室外に設けられた圧縮機と外部熱交換器に接続され、電磁弁で冷媒の流れ方向を切り換えることにより前記それぞれの内部熱交換器を蒸発器として作用させて庫室内を冷却したり、凝縮器として作用させて庫室内を加温したりできるようにした自動販売機を制御する自動販売機制御装置であって、プルアップ完了後、圧縮機の回転速度を低下させた結果、加温用庫室の庫内温度が下限値まで下がった時の圧縮機の回転速度が基準値以上あるときは、圧縮機の回転速度を一気に最大にし、圧縮機の回転速度が前記基準値未満であるときは、圧縮機の回転速度を前記基準値にして一定時間運転した後、圧縮機の回転速度を最大にすることを特徴とする。このようにすると、プルアップ完了後、加温用庫室の庫内温度が再び低下し、圧縮機1の能力を上げて加温用庫室の庫内温度設定値まで上昇させる際に、圧縮機1に過大な負担がかからないようになる。
【0014】
また、請求項2に記載の自動販売機制御装置は、圧縮機の回転速度を最大にしている間は加温用庫室の前記ファンを停止させ、圧縮機の回転速度を前記基準値にしている間は加温用庫室の前記ファンを低速で運転することを特徴とする。このようにすると、熱リークが多い環境下では、加温用庫室の熱交換器の温度上昇を優先的に早め、熱リークが少ない環境下では、庫内の商品温度をも早めることができる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。冷媒回路は、図1のものを用いる。そして、図2は、本発明の自動販売機制御装置の制御ブロック図である。符号は、図1のものに対応している。主制御部22は、販売制御部23,入力制御部24,接客制御部25,硬貨処理制御部26等の自動販売機各部を個別に制御する端末制御部を統括して制御する。
【0016】
販売制御部23は、自動販売機内の各庫室の冷却,加温を制御したり、商品搬出装置27を制御したりする。入力制御部24は、リモコン式の入力装置と主制御部22との間のデータ入出力を制御する。接客制御部25は、自動販売機前面に設けられた商品選択ボタン(図示せず)の動作監視や、売切表示ランプ,投入金額表示器等の表示制御などを行う。硬貨処理制御部26は、硬貨投入口から投入された硬貨の識別やつり銭の払出し等を行う。各制御部は、マイコンによって構成される。
【0017】
販売制御部23には、各庫室の冷却,加温を制御するため、前述の圧縮機1,電動膨張弁6〜9,ファン11〜14,電磁弁15A〜17B,温度センサ18〜21が接続されている。
【0018】
ここで、まず、図1及び図2に基づいて冷媒回路の動作を説明する。図1は、庫室A,Bを冷却し、庫室Cだけを加温する場合を示している。この運転モードを、冷却Coolの「C」と加温Hotの「H」をとり、庫室A,Bを冷却し、庫室Cだけを加温するという意味で、「CCH運転」と表示することとする。また、この実施形態の自動販売機では、各熱交換器の容量は、内部熱交換器4の容量を1としたとき、内部熱交換器5の容量が2、内部熱交換器3の容量が3、そして、外部熱交換器2の容量が6となるように設計されているものとする。
【0019】
販売制御部23は、外部熱交換器2の電磁弁15Aを開き、他方の電磁弁15Bを閉じる。また、内部熱交換器4,5の電磁弁16A,17Bを閉じ、他方の電磁弁16B,17Aを開く。そしてまた、外部熱交換器2の電動膨張弁6と内部熱交換器5の電動膨張弁9は全開とし、内部熱交換器3,4の電動膨張弁7,8は、各庫室A,Bの温度に応じて開度が調整される。
【0020】
その状態で、圧縮機1から吐出された冷媒は、電磁弁15Aと電磁弁17Aに分流され、外部熱交換器2と内部熱交換器5へと流れ、それらで凝縮液化された後、電動膨張弁7,8に分配されてそこで減圧されてから内部熱交換器3,4に流入する。内部熱交換器3,4に流入した冷媒は、内部熱交換器3,4内部で気化した後、気液分離器10を経て圧縮機1に戻る。
【0021】
このようにして、図1のものでは、外部熱交換器2と内部熱交換器5は凝縮器として作用し、内部熱交換器3,4は、蒸発器として作用する。その結果、二つの庫室A,Bは冷却され、残りの庫室Cは加温される。その際、内部熱交換器3の容量が3、内部熱交換器4の容量が1であり、内部熱交換器5の容量が2であるので、外部熱交換器2の必要容量は2となる。そこで、販売制御部23は、外部熱交換器2のファン11の回転数を下げて、冷媒圧力がアンバランスにならないように調整する。
【0022】
次に、庫室Aだけを冷却し、庫室B,Cを加温する場合、すなわち、CHH運転の場合を説明する。図3は、CHH運転時の冷媒回路図である。販売制御部23は、外部熱交換器2の電磁弁15A,15Bは両方とも閉じる。また、内部熱交換器4,5の電磁弁16A,17Aを開き、他方の電磁弁16B,17Bを閉じる。そしてまた、外部熱交換器2の電動膨張弁6と内部熱交換器4,5の電動膨張弁8,9は全開とし、内部熱交換器3の電動膨張弁7は、庫室Aの温度に応じて開度が調整される。
【0023】
その状態で、圧縮機1から吐出された冷媒は、電磁弁16Aと電磁弁17Aに分流され、内部熱交換器4,5へと流れ、それらで凝縮液化された後、電動膨張弁7に流入する。そこで減圧されてから内部熱交換器3に流入する。内部熱交換器3に流入した冷媒は、内部熱交換器3内部で気化した後、気液分離器10を経て圧縮機1に戻る。
【0024】
このようにして、図3のものでは、内部熱交換器4,5は凝縮器として作用し、内部熱交換器3は、蒸発器として作用する。その結果、庫室Aは冷却され、残りの二つの庫室B,Cは加温される。その際、内部熱交換器3の容量が3、内部熱交換器4の容量が1であり、内部熱交換器5の容量が2であるので、それらだけでバランスし、外部熱交換器2は不要となる。
【0025】
次に、庫室A,Cを冷却し、庫室Bだけを加温する場合、すなわち、CHC運転の場合を説明する。図4は、CHC運転時の冷媒回路図である。販売制御部23は、外部熱交換器2の電磁弁15Aを開き、他方の電磁弁15Bを閉じる。また、内部熱交換器4,5の電磁弁16A,17Bを開き、他方の電磁弁16B,17Aを閉じる。そしてまた、外部熱交換器2の電動膨張弁6と内部熱交換器5の電動膨張弁8は全開とし、内部熱交換器3,5の電動膨張弁7,9は、庫室A,Cの温度に応じて開度が調整される。
【0026】
その状態で、圧縮機1から吐出された冷媒は、電磁弁15Aと電磁弁16Aに分流され、外部熱交換器2と内部熱交換器4へと流れ、それらで凝縮液化された後、電動膨張弁7,9に分配される。そこで減圧されてから内部熱交換器3,5に流入する。内部熱交換器3,5に流入した冷媒は、内部熱交換器3,5内部で気化した後、気液分離器10を経て圧縮機1に戻る。
【0027】
このようにして、図4のものでは、外部熱交換器2と内部熱交換器4は凝縮器として作用し、内部熱交換器3,5は、蒸発器として作用する。その結果、二つの庫室A,Cは冷却され、残りの庫室Bは加温される。その際、内部熱交換器3の容量が3、内部熱交換器5の容量が2であり、内部熱交換器4の容量が1である。そこで、販売制御部23は、外部熱交換器2のファン11の回転数を下げて、冷媒圧力がアンバランスにならないように調整する。
【0028】
次に、三つの庫室A,B,Cを共に冷却する場合、すなわち、CCC運転の場合を説明する。図5は、CCC運転時の冷媒回路図である。販売制御部23は、外部熱交換器2の電磁弁15Aを開き、他方の電磁弁15Bを閉じる。また、内部熱交換器4,5の電磁弁16A,17Aを閉じ、他方の電磁弁16B,17Bを開く。そしてまた、外部熱交換器2の電動膨張弁6は全開とし、内部熱交換器3〜5の電動膨張弁7〜9は、各庫室の温度に応じて開度が調整される。
【0029】
その状態で、圧縮機1から吐出された冷媒は、電磁弁15Aから外部熱交換器2へと流れ、凝縮液化された後、電動膨張弁7〜9に分配されてそこで減圧されてから内部熱交換器3〜5に流入する。内部熱交換器3〜5に流入した冷媒は、内部熱交換器3〜5内部で気化した後、気液分離器10を経て圧縮機1に戻る。
【0030】
このようにして、図5のものでは、外部熱交換器2は凝縮器として作用し、内部熱交換器3〜5は、蒸発器として作用する。その結果、三つの庫室A,B,Cは、全てが冷却される。
【0031】
以上の運転モードの内、本発明は、図1,図3,図4に示す例のように、いずれかの庫室の内部熱交換器を凝縮器として作用させて、その庫室を加温する場合に適用するものである。そのように、いずれかの庫室を加温するように冷媒回路を設定したのち、圧縮機1を起動する。その際、圧縮機に負担をかけないように、最初、圧縮機を低速(例えば、電源周波数50Hz)で起動し、定常速度より高い所定速度(例えば、電源周波数80Hz)まで徐々に加速していく(例えば、電源周波数を5Hz/5minずつ上げていく)。なお、圧縮機はインバータにより駆動され,電源周波数に応じた回転数で運転される。
【0032】
そのように、起動後、圧縮機1を定常速度より高い速度で運転することにより、冷却用庫室では、庫内温度が早く低下し、加温用庫室では、庫内温度が早く上昇する。そして、加温用庫室では、庫内温度が、図6に示すように上昇していき、時点t1で上限設定温度TSに達する。起動からその時点t1までの期間をプルアップ期間といい、その長さは、8〜12時間程度要する。そして、その後は、定常状態の加温運転に入る。
【0033】
定常状態の運転に入ったら、まず、圧縮機1の回転を落として、それ以上庫内温度が上昇しないようにする。その際、その時の外気温度に応じて圧縮機1の回転速度の低下のさせ方を変化させる。すなわち、外部熱交換器2に設けた温度センサ21により外気温度を検知し、外気温度が所定値、例えば、15℃以上であれば圧縮機1の回転速度を一気に所定の最低速度、例えば、電源周波数30Hzまで一気に低下させるが、外気温度が所定値未満であれば、前記最低速度になるまで徐々に圧縮機の回転速度を低下させていく。
【0034】
夏季のように外気温度が高い場合、加温用庫室から外部への熱リークは少なくなる。そのため、プルアップ完了後、圧縮機1の回転速度を一気に所定の最低速度、例えば、電源周波数30Hzまで一気に低下させても、庫内温度は緩やかに低下していく。それに対して、冬季のように外気温度が低い場合、加温用庫室から外部への熱リークが多くなる。そのため、プルアップ完了後、圧縮機1の回転速度を一気に所定の最低速度まで低下させると、庫内温度が急激に低下する。
【0035】
そこで、外気温度が所定温度、例えば、5℃より低い場合には、プルアップ完了後、圧縮機1の回転速度を徐々に所定の最低速度まで低下させるようにした。そのようにして、外気温度が低い場合でも、高い場合と同様に、庫内温度を緩やかに低下させることができる。そして、庫内温度が時点t2で下限設定温度TLになったら、圧縮機1の電源周波数を上げる。その結果、庫内温度は、図6に示すように上昇していき、時点t3で庫内温度が再び上限設定温度TSに達する。
【0036】
そして、本発明では、プルアップ完了後、庫内温度が時点t2で下限設定温度TLになってから、圧縮機1の電源周波数を上げるに当たって、庫内温度が下限値まで下がった時の圧縮機の回転速度が基準値(例えば、電源周波数50Hz)以上あるときは、圧縮機の回転速度を一気に最大(例えば、電源周波数80Hz)にする。一方、圧縮機の回転速度が前記基準値未満であるときは、圧縮機の回転速度を前記基準値にして一定時間(例えば、10分)運転した後、圧縮機の回転速度を最大にする。そのようにして、圧縮機1に過大な負担がかからないようにしている。
【0037】
また、加温用庫室のファンは、熱交換器の温度を商品まで熱伝達させるためだけに用いるため、プルアップが完了して商品温度が所定の温度になれば不要になる。むしろ、ファンを回しておくと、庫内空気に対流がおきて、外部への熱リークが増大することになる。そこで、プルアップ完了後は、庫内のファンを停止させるか、最低回転速度で運転する。
【0038】
すなわち、圧縮機1の電源周波数を上げるに当たって、庫内温度が下限値まで下がった時の圧縮機の回転速度が基準値(電源周波数50Hz)以上あるときは、熱交換器の温度上昇を優先するためファンを停止させる。しかしながら、圧縮機の回転速度が基準値(電源周波数50Hz)未満だったときは、基準値未満だったということは、外気温度が高く熱リークが少なかった環境にあった証と捉え、そのような状況下では、熱交換器の温度上昇を優先するため、ファンを回しても熱リークが少ないので、ファンを低速で運転して、商品温度上昇というファンの役割も働かせる。
【0039】
停止させるか最低回転速度で運転するかは、自動販売機の製品仕様による。すなわち、温蔵する商品がラック最下段の次販商品だけで良い場合には、ファンを停止させることができる。しかし、ある程度の商品本数を温蔵する仕様となれば、熱リークがありながらもファンを最低回転速度(例えば、40%の速度)で運転してラック中段あるいは上段まで温風を回すことが必要になる。次に、プルアップが完了し、定常状態の運転に入った後の昇温制御手順についてフローチャートを使って説明する。
【0040】
図7は、本発明の自動販売機制御装置の定常状態の運転に入った後の昇温制御手順を示すフローチャートである。
ステップ1…その時の圧縮機1の電源周波数fが、50Hz未満であるか否かを判別する。
【0041】
ステップ2…50Hz未満であったら、圧縮機1の電源周波数fを、一気にプルアップ時の周波数である80Hzにするとともに、ファンを40%運転にさせる。
ステップ3…周波数を低下させた効果が現れるまでの時間、例えば、10分が経過したか否かを判別する。
ステップ4…10分が経過したら、その庫室に収納された次販商品の温度を、一定期間、例えば、5分間の平均温度T1として取得する。5分間平均温度T1としては、次販商品に近接して設けられた温度センサから、例えば、30秒毎に温度データを10回取得し、その平均をとる。
【0042】
ステップ5…平均温度T1が60℃以上になっているか否かを判別する。
ステップ6…まだ、60℃以上になっていなかったら、加温を強化するため圧縮機1の電源周波数fを、80Hzにするとともに、ファンを停止させる。
【0043】
ステップ7…周波数を上昇させた効果が現れるまでの時間、例えば、10分が経過したか否かを判別する。
ステップ8…10分が経過したら、庫内温度として、その庫室に収納された次販商品の温度を、一定期間、例えば、5分間の平均温度T1として取得する。
【0044】
ステップ9…平均温度T1が60℃以上になっているか否かを判別し、60℃以上になっていたら、庫内温度がそれ以上高くならないように降温制御に入る。
【0045】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、以上説明したように構成されているので、次に記載するような効果を奏する。
すなわち、請求項1に記載の自動販売機制御装置は、プルアップ完了後、圧縮機の回転速度を低下させた結果、加温用庫室の庫内温度が下限値まで下がった時の圧縮機の回転速度が基準値以上あるときは、圧縮機の回転速度を一気に最大にし、圧縮機の回転速度が前記基準値未満であるときは、圧縮機の回転速度を前記基準値にして一定時間運転した後、圧縮機の回転速度を最大にするようにした。その結果、プルアップ完了後、加温用庫室の庫内温度が再び低下し、圧縮機1の能力を上げて加温用庫室の庫内温度設定値まで上昇させる際に、圧縮機1に過大な負担がかからないようになる。
【0046】
また、請求項2に記載の自動販売機制御装置は、圧縮機の回転速度を最大にしている間は加温用庫室の前記ファンを停止させ、圧縮機の回転速度を前記基準値にしている間は加温用庫室の前記ファンを低速で運転するようにしたので、熱リークが多い環境下では、加温用庫室の熱交換器の温度上昇を優先的に早め、熱リークが少ない環境下では、庫内の商品温度をも早めることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明を適用する自動販売機の冷媒回路図である。
【図2】本発明の自動販売機制御装置の制御ブロック図である。
【図3】CHH運転時の冷媒回路図である。
【図4】CHC運転時の冷媒回路図である。
【図5】CCC運転時の冷媒回路図である。
【図6】プルアップ時の庫内温度の変化図である。
【図7】本発明の自動販売機制御装置のプルアップ完了後の制御手順を示すフローチャートである。
【図8】自動販売機の内部構造図である。
【符号の説明】
1…圧縮機
2…外部熱交換器
3〜5…内部熱交換器
6〜9…電動膨張弁
11〜14…ファン
15A〜17B…電磁弁
18〜21…温度センサ
28…電気ヒータ
29…漏電遮断器
30…商品ラック
31…搬出シュート
32…断熱区画壁
33…外断熱壁
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a vending machine control apparatus that performs cooling control of a vending machine that sells products such as canned beverages after cooling or heating.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 8 is an internal structure diagram of the vending machine. In FIG. 8, 1 is a compressor, 2 is an external heat exchanger, 3 to 5 are internal heat exchangers, 11 to 14 are fans, 28 is an electric heater, 29 is a leakage breaker, 30 is a product rack, and 31 is a carry-out. A chute, 32 is a heat insulating partition wall, 33 is an outer heat insulating wall, 34 is a front door, and 35 is a commodity outlet.
[0003]
The interior surrounded by the outer heat insulating wall 33 and the heat insulating front door 34 is partitioned into three storage rooms A, B, C by the heat insulating partition walls 32, 32, and the respective storage rooms A, B, C was individually cooled and heated to sell both cold and hot beverages. The cooling chamber is cooled by a well-known refrigeration cycle including the compressor 1, the external heat exchanger 2, the internal heat exchangers 3 to 5 and the like, and the heating chamber is heated by the electric heater 28. I was doing.
[0004]
In such a conventional vending machine, the exhaust heat generated in the refrigeration cycle for cooling the cooling chamber is released to the outside via the external heat exchanger 2, while the heating means for the heating chamber is heated. As for, the electric heater 28 was used, and the efficiency was not good. Therefore, the present applicant has proposed a vending machine employing a heat pump type cooling / heating device as Japanese Patent Application No. 11-255466.
[0005]
FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of a vending machine employing a heat pump type cooling / heating device. The reference numerals correspond to those in FIG. 8, 6 to 9 are electric expansion valves, 10 is a gas-liquid separator, 15A to 17B are electromagnetic valves, and 18 to 20 are the internal temperatures of the storage rooms A to C. A temperature sensor 21 for detecting is a temperature sensor provided in the external heat exchanger 2 for detecting the outside air temperature. By switching the solenoid valves 15A to 17B, the internal heat exchangers 3 to 5 are used as an evaporator to cool the internal compartment provided with the internal heat exchangers 3 to 5, or the condenser is used as a condenser to utilize the exhaust heat. Or warm up. As a result, the exhaust heat of the refrigeration cycle that has been thrown away to the outside can be effectively used, and the power consumption of the vending machine can be greatly reduced.
[0006]
The compressor 1 of this vending machine is driven by an inverter power source and is operated at a rotational speed corresponding to the power frequency. And at the time of starting, after starting the fans 12-14 of each compartment, the compressor is started and cooling or heating of each compartment is started. Thereafter, the compressor is fully operated until the internal temperature of each storage room reaches the upper limit set temperature.
[0007]
Control of the internal temperature after the internal temperature of each storage room reaches the upper limit set temperature can be achieved by changing the power supply frequency of the compressor 1 or changing the rotation speed of the fans 12 to 14 in each storage room. This is done by adjusting the opening of the electric expansion valves 7-9.
[0008]
That is, if the internal temperature of the cooling chamber becomes higher than the set range or the internal temperature of the heating chamber becomes lower than the set range, the frequency of the inverter power supply is increased to increase the capacity of the compressor 1. On the contrary, if the internal temperature of the cooling chamber is lower than the set range, or the internal temperature of the heating chamber is higher than the set range, the frequency of the inverter power supply is lowered to reduce the compressor 1 Lower the ability. Moreover, the internal temperature for each storage room is adjusted by changing the rotational speed of the fans 12 to 14 or adjusting the opening degree of the electric expansion valves 7 to 9.
[0009]
In the vending machine adopting the heat pump type cooling / heating device proposed by the present applicant, the internal temperature of each storage room is made to fall within the set range.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in such a control method, after the pull-up is completed, the internal temperature of the heating chamber decreases again, and the compressor 1 has a low frequency so that the frequency of the inverter power supply is increased. When the capacity is increased, an excessive burden is placed on the compressor 1 and the current temporarily increases.
[0011]
That is, after the pull-up is completed, the refrigerant in the refrigeration circuit is in a state where the liquid and the gas are mixed. From the state where the compressor 1 has a low capacity, the frequency of the inverter power supply is increased to increase the frequency of the compressor 1. When the capacity is rapidly increased, the liquid refrigerant places an excessive burden on the compressor 1 and the current of the inverter power supply increases.
[0012]
The present invention solves such a problem, that is, after the pull-up is completed, the temperature in the warming chamber is lowered again, and the capacity of the compressor 1 is increased to increase the temperature in the warming chamber. The purpose is to prevent an excessive burden on the compressor 1 when the temperature is raised to the internal temperature set value.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problem, the vending machine control device according to claim 1 has a plurality of storage rooms partitioned by a heat insulating wall, and each storage room has an internal heat exchange with an electric expansion valve. And an electric expansion valve and an internal heat exchanger are connected to a compressor and an external heat exchanger provided outside the storage room, and the respective flow directions of the refrigerant are switched by an electromagnetic valve. A vending machine control device that controls a vending machine that allows an internal heat exchanger to act as an evaporator to cool the interior of a warehouse or to act as a condenser to heat the interior of a warehouse, After the pull-up is completed, if the compressor rotation speed is lower than the reference value as a result of lowering the compressor rotation speed and the internal temperature of the heating chamber drops to the lower limit, the compressor rotation The speed is maximized at once, and the rotation speed of the compressor is When less than standard values, after the rotational speed of the compressor and a predetermined time operated by the reference value, characterized in that the maximum rotational speed of the compressor. In this way, after the pull-up is completed, the internal temperature of the heating chamber decreases again, and when the capacity of the compressor 1 is increased to the internal temperature setting value of the heating chamber, compression is performed. The machine 1 is not overloaded.
[0014]
In addition, the vending machine control device according to claim 2 stops the fan in the heating chamber while the rotation speed of the compressor is maximized, and sets the rotation speed of the compressor to the reference value. The fan in the warming chamber is operated at a low speed while the heater is in operation. In this way, in an environment with a lot of heat leaks, the temperature rise of the heat exchanger in the heating cabinet can be preferentially accelerated, and in an environment with few heat leaks, the product temperature in the cabinet can also be accelerated. .
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The refrigerant circuit shown in FIG. 1 is used. FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of the vending machine control apparatus of the present invention. The reference numerals correspond to those in FIG. The main control unit 22 controls the terminal control unit that individually controls each part of the vending machine such as the sales control unit 23, the input control unit 24, the customer service control unit 25, and the coin processing control unit 26.
[0016]
The sales control unit 23 controls cooling and heating of each storage room in the vending machine, and controls the product carry-out device 27. The input control unit 24 controls data input / output between the remote control type input device and the main control unit 22. The customer service control unit 25 performs operation monitoring of a product selection button (not shown) provided on the front surface of the vending machine, display control of a sold-out display lamp, an amount of money display, and the like. The coin processing control unit 26 performs identification of coins inserted from the coin insertion slot, payout of change, and the like. Each control unit is configured by a microcomputer.
[0017]
The sales control unit 23 includes the compressor 1, the electric expansion valves 6 to 9, the fans 11 to 14, the electromagnetic valves 15A to 17B, and the temperature sensors 18 to 21 in order to control cooling and heating of each storage room. It is connected.
[0018]
Here, first, the operation of the refrigerant circuit will be described based on FIG. 1 and FIG. FIG. 1 shows a case where the storage rooms A and B are cooled and only the storage room C is heated. This operation mode is displayed as “CCH operation” in the sense that “C” of cooling Cool and “H” of heating hot are taken, the storage rooms A and B are cooled, and only the storage room C is heated. I will do it. In the vending machine of this embodiment, the capacity of each heat exchanger is 2 when the capacity of the internal heat exchanger 4 is 1, and the capacity of the internal heat exchanger 5 is 2 and the capacity of the internal heat exchanger 3 is 3 and the external heat exchanger 2 is designed to have a capacity of 6.
[0019]
The sales control unit 23 opens the electromagnetic valve 15A of the external heat exchanger 2 and closes the other electromagnetic valve 15B. Further, the electromagnetic valves 16A and 17B of the internal heat exchangers 4 and 5 are closed, and the other electromagnetic valves 16B and 17A are opened. The electric expansion valve 6 of the external heat exchanger 2 and the electric expansion valve 9 of the internal heat exchanger 5 are fully opened, and the electric expansion valves 7 and 8 of the internal heat exchangers 3 and 4 are respectively connected to the compartments A and B. The opening degree is adjusted in accordance with the temperature.
[0020]
In this state, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 is divided into the electromagnetic valve 15A and the electromagnetic valve 17A, flows to the external heat exchanger 2 and the internal heat exchanger 5, and is condensed and liquefied by them, and then is electrically expanded. After being distributed to the valves 7 and 8 and depressurized there, it flows into the internal heat exchangers 3 and 4. The refrigerant flowing into the internal heat exchangers 3 and 4 is vaporized inside the internal heat exchangers 3 and 4 and then returns to the compressor 1 through the gas-liquid separator 10.
[0021]
Thus, in the thing of FIG. 1, the external heat exchanger 2 and the internal heat exchanger 5 act as a condenser, and the internal heat exchangers 3 and 4 act as an evaporator. As a result, the two storage rooms A and B are cooled, and the remaining storage room C is heated. At that time, the capacity of the internal heat exchanger 3 is 3, the capacity of the internal heat exchanger 4 is 1, and the capacity of the internal heat exchanger 5 is 2, so that the required capacity of the external heat exchanger 2 is 2. . Therefore, the sales control unit 23 adjusts the refrigerant pressure so that the refrigerant pressure does not become unbalanced by lowering the rotational speed of the fan 11 of the external heat exchanger 2.
[0022]
Next, the case where only the storage room A is cooled and the storage rooms B and C are heated, that is, the case of CHH operation will be described. FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram during CHH operation. Sales controller 23 closes both solenoid valves 15A and 15B of external heat exchanger 2. Further, the electromagnetic valves 16A and 17A of the internal heat exchangers 4 and 5 are opened, and the other electromagnetic valves 16B and 17B are closed. Moreover, the electric expansion valve 6 of the external heat exchanger 2 and the electric expansion valves 8 and 9 of the internal heat exchangers 4 and 5 are fully opened, and the electric expansion valve 7 of the internal heat exchanger 3 is set to the temperature of the storage room A. The opening is adjusted accordingly.
[0023]
In this state, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 is divided into the electromagnetic valve 16A and the electromagnetic valve 17A, flows to the internal heat exchangers 4 and 5, is condensed and liquefied by them, and then flows into the electric expansion valve 7. To do. Then, after being depressurized, it flows into the internal heat exchanger 3. The refrigerant flowing into the internal heat exchanger 3 is vaporized inside the internal heat exchanger 3 and then returns to the compressor 1 through the gas-liquid separator 10.
[0024]
Thus, in the thing of FIG. 3, the internal heat exchangers 4 and 5 act as a condenser, and the internal heat exchanger 3 acts as an evaporator. As a result, the storage room A is cooled, and the remaining two storage rooms B and C are heated. At that time, the capacity of the internal heat exchanger 3 is 3, the capacity of the internal heat exchanger 4 is 1, and the capacity of the internal heat exchanger 5 is 2. It becomes unnecessary.
[0025]
Next, the case where the storage rooms A and C are cooled and only the storage room B is heated, that is, the case of CHC operation will be described. FIG. 4 is a refrigerant circuit diagram during CHC operation. The sales control unit 23 opens the electromagnetic valve 15A of the external heat exchanger 2 and closes the other electromagnetic valve 15B. Further, the electromagnetic valves 16A and 17B of the internal heat exchangers 4 and 5 are opened, and the other electromagnetic valves 16B and 17A are closed. Moreover, the electric expansion valve 6 of the external heat exchanger 2 and the electric expansion valve 8 of the internal heat exchanger 5 are fully opened, and the electric expansion valves 7 and 9 of the internal heat exchangers 3 and 5 are connected to the chambers A and C. The opening degree is adjusted according to the temperature.
[0026]
In this state, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 is divided into the electromagnetic valve 15A and the electromagnetic valve 16A, flows to the external heat exchanger 2 and the internal heat exchanger 4, and is condensed and liquefied by them, and then is electrically expanded. Distributed to valves 7 and 9. Then, after being depressurized, it flows into the internal heat exchangers 3 and 5. The refrigerant flowing into the internal heat exchangers 3 and 5 is vaporized inside the internal heat exchangers 3 and 5 and then returns to the compressor 1 through the gas-liquid separator 10.
[0027]
Thus, in the thing of FIG. 4, the external heat exchanger 2 and the internal heat exchanger 4 act as a condenser, and the internal heat exchangers 3 and 5 act as an evaporator. As a result, the two storage rooms A and C are cooled, and the remaining storage room B is heated. At that time, the capacity of the internal heat exchanger 3 is 3, the capacity of the internal heat exchanger 5 is 2, and the capacity of the internal heat exchanger 4 is 1. Therefore, the sales control unit 23 adjusts the refrigerant pressure so that the refrigerant pressure does not become unbalanced by lowering the rotational speed of the fan 11 of the external heat exchanger 2.
[0028]
Next, a case where the three chambers A, B, and C are cooled together, that is, a case of CCC operation will be described. FIG. 5 is a refrigerant circuit diagram during CCC operation. The sales control unit 23 opens the electromagnetic valve 15A of the external heat exchanger 2 and closes the other electromagnetic valve 15B. Further, the electromagnetic valves 16A and 17A of the internal heat exchangers 4 and 5 are closed, and the other electromagnetic valves 16B and 17B are opened. And the electric expansion valve 6 of the external heat exchanger 2 is fully opened, and the opening degree of the electric expansion valves 7 to 9 of the internal heat exchangers 3 to 5 is adjusted according to the temperature of each chamber.
[0029]
In this state, the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 flows from the electromagnetic valve 15A to the external heat exchanger 2 and is condensed and liquefied, then distributed to the electric expansion valves 7 to 9 and decompressed there, and then the internal heat. It flows into the exchangers 3-5. The refrigerant that has flowed into the internal heat exchangers 3 to 5 is vaporized inside the internal heat exchangers 3 to 5, and then returns to the compressor 1 through the gas-liquid separator 10.
[0030]
Thus, in the thing of FIG. 5, the external heat exchanger 2 acts as a condenser, and the internal heat exchangers 3-5 act as an evaporator. As a result, all of the three storage rooms A, B, and C are cooled.
[0031]
Among the above operation modes, the present invention, as in the example shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, operates the internal heat exchanger of any one of the storage rooms as a condenser and heats the storage room. It is applied when doing. As described above, after setting the refrigerant circuit so as to heat any of the storage rooms, the compressor 1 is started. At that time, the compressor is first started at a low speed (for example, a power supply frequency of 50 Hz) and gradually accelerated to a predetermined speed (for example, a power supply frequency of 80 Hz) higher than the steady speed so as not to put a burden on the compressor. (For example, the power supply frequency is increased by 5 Hz / 5 min.) The compressor is driven by an inverter and is operated at a rotational speed corresponding to the power supply frequency.
[0032]
Thus, after starting, by operating the compressor 1 at a speed higher than the steady speed, the internal temperature of the cooling compartment decreases quickly, and the internal temperature of the heating compartment increases quickly. . In the heating chamber, the internal temperature rises as shown in FIG. 6 and reaches the upper limit set temperature T S at time t 1 . The period from the start to the time point t 1 is called a pull-up period, and the length thereof is about 8 to 12 hours. After that, a steady state heating operation is started.
[0033]
When entering a steady state operation, first, the compressor 1 is rotated to prevent the internal temperature from rising any further. At that time, the method of decreasing the rotational speed of the compressor 1 is changed according to the outside air temperature at that time. That is, the outside air temperature is detected by the temperature sensor 21 provided in the external heat exchanger 2, and if the outside air temperature is a predetermined value, for example, 15 ° C. or higher, the rotation speed of the compressor 1 is set at a predetermined minimum speed, for example, a power source. Although the frequency is reduced to 30 Hz at once, if the outside air temperature is less than a predetermined value, the rotational speed of the compressor is gradually decreased until the minimum speed is reached.
[0034]
When the outside air temperature is high as in the summer, heat leakage from the heating chamber to the outside is reduced. For this reason, even after the pull-up is completed, the internal temperature gradually decreases even if the rotation speed of the compressor 1 is reduced to a predetermined minimum speed, for example, a power supply frequency of 30 Hz. On the other hand, when the outside air temperature is low as in the winter season, heat leakage from the heating chamber to the outside increases. Therefore, if the rotation speed of the compressor 1 is reduced to a predetermined minimum speed at once after the pull-up is completed, the internal temperature rapidly decreases.
[0035]
Therefore, when the outside air temperature is lower than a predetermined temperature, for example, 5 ° C., the rotation speed of the compressor 1 is gradually decreased to a predetermined minimum speed after the pull-up is completed. In this way, even when the outside air temperature is low, the inside temperature can be gradually lowered as in the case where the outside air temperature is high. When the internal temperature reaches the lower limit set temperature T L at time t 2 , the power frequency of the compressor 1 is increased. As a result, the internal temperature rises as shown in FIG. 6, and the internal temperature reaches the upper limit set temperature T S again at time t 3 .
[0036]
In the present invention, after the pull-up completion, after becoming lower limit set temperature T L at inside temperature time t 2, when increasing the power frequency of the compressor 1, when the inside temperature is lowered to the lower limit value When the rotation speed of the compressor is equal to or higher than a reference value (for example, power supply frequency 50 Hz), the rotation speed of the compressor is maximized at once (for example, power supply frequency 80 Hz). On the other hand, when the rotation speed of the compressor is less than the reference value, the rotation speed of the compressor is maximized after the compressor is operated for a certain time (for example, 10 minutes) with the reference rotation speed as the reference value. In this way, an excessive load is not applied to the compressor 1.
[0037]
Further, since the fan in the heating chamber is used only for transferring the temperature of the heat exchanger to the product, it becomes unnecessary when the pull-up is completed and the product temperature reaches a predetermined temperature. Rather, if the fan is turned, convection will occur in the air inside the cabinet and heat leakage to the outside will increase. Therefore, after the pull-up is completed, the fan in the cabinet is stopped or operated at the minimum rotation speed.
[0038]
That is, when increasing the power supply frequency of the compressor 1, when the compressor rotation speed when the internal temperature is lowered to the lower limit value is equal to or higher than the reference value (power supply frequency 50 Hz), priority is given to the temperature increase of the heat exchanger. Stop the fan. However, when the rotation speed of the compressor was less than the reference value (power frequency 50 Hz), the fact that it was less than the reference value is considered as evidence that the outside air temperature was high and the heat leak was small. Under the circumstances, since the heat exchanger temperature is given priority, there is little heat leak even if the fan is turned. Therefore, the fan is operated at a low speed, and the role of the fan, which is to increase the product temperature, also works.
[0039]
Whether to stop or operate at the minimum speed depends on the product specifications of the vending machine. That is, the fan can be stopped when the product to be stored is only the next sale product at the bottom of the rack. However, if it is a specification to store a certain number of products, it is necessary to operate the fan at the minimum rotation speed (for example, 40% speed) and turn the hot air to the middle or upper stage of the rack while there is a heat leak. become. Next, the temperature increase control procedure after the pull-up is completed and the operation in the steady state is started will be described using a flowchart.
[0040]
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a temperature raising control procedure after the steady state operation of the vending machine control apparatus of the present invention is entered.
Step 1: It is determined whether or not the power frequency f of the compressor 1 at that time is less than 50 Hz.
[0041]
Step 2... If less than 50 Hz, the power frequency f of the compressor 1 is set to 80 Hz, which is the frequency at the time of pull-up, and the fan is operated at 40%.
Step 3: It is determined whether or not a time until the effect of reducing the frequency appears, for example, 10 minutes has elapsed.
Step 4: When 10 minutes have elapsed, the temperature of the next sale product stored in the storage room is acquired as an average temperature T 1 for a certain period, for example, 5 minutes. As the 5-minute average temperature T 1 , for example, temperature data is acquired 10 times every 30 seconds from a temperature sensor provided close to the next sale product, and the average is taken.
[0042]
Step 5: It is determined whether or not the average temperature T 1 is 60 ° C. or higher.
Step 6 ... If the temperature has not yet reached 60 ° C. or higher, the power frequency f of the compressor 1 is set to 80 Hz in order to enhance the heating, and the fan is stopped.
[0043]
Step 7: It is determined whether or not a time until the effect of increasing the frequency appears, for example, 10 minutes has elapsed.
Step 8... When 10 minutes have elapsed, the temperature of the next sale product stored in the storage room is acquired as the internal temperature as an average temperature T 1 for a certain period, for example, 5 minutes.
[0044]
Step 9: It is determined whether or not the average temperature T 1 is 60 ° C. or higher. If the average temperature T 1 is 60 ° C. or higher, the temperature lowering control is entered so that the internal temperature does not increase any more.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
In other words, the vending machine control device according to claim 1 is the compressor when the internal temperature of the warming chamber is lowered to the lower limit as a result of lowering the rotational speed of the compressor after completion of the pull-up. When the rotation speed of the compressor is equal to or higher than the reference value, the rotation speed of the compressor is maximized at once, and when the rotation speed of the compressor is less than the reference value, the compressor rotation speed is set to the reference value to operate for a certain period of time. After that, the rotation speed of the compressor was maximized. As a result, after the pull-up is completed, the internal temperature of the heating chamber decreases again, and the compressor 1 is increased when the capacity of the compressor 1 is increased to the internal temperature setting value of the warming chamber. Is not overburdened.
[0046]
In addition, the vending machine control device according to claim 2 stops the fan in the heating chamber while the rotation speed of the compressor is maximized, and sets the rotation speed of the compressor to the reference value. Since the fan in the heating chamber is operated at a low speed while the temperature is high, the temperature rise of the heat exchanger in the heating chamber is preferentially accelerated in an environment where there are many heat leaks. Under less environment, the product temperature in the warehouse can be accelerated.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of a vending machine to which the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of the vending machine control device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram during CHH operation.
FIG. 4 is a refrigerant circuit diagram during CHC operation.
FIG. 5 is a refrigerant circuit diagram during CCC operation.
FIG. 6 is a change diagram of the internal temperature at the time of pull-up.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a control procedure after completion of pull-up of the vending machine control apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an internal structure diagram of the vending machine.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Compressor 2 ... External heat exchanger 3-5 ... Internal heat exchanger 6-9 ... Electric expansion valve 11-14 ... Fan 15A-17B ... Electromagnetic valve 18-21 ... Temperature sensor 28 ... Electric heater 29 ... Electric leakage interruption Equipment 30 ... Product rack 31 ... Unloading chute 32 ... Insulation partition wall 33 ... Outer insulation wall

Claims (2)

断熱性の壁で区画された複数の庫室を有し、各庫室にはそれぞれ電動膨張弁付きの内部熱交換器及びファンが設けられ、それらの電動膨張弁と内部熱交換器は、庫室外に設けられた圧縮機と外部熱交換器に接続され、電磁弁で冷媒の流れ方向を切り換えることにより前記それぞれの内部熱交換器を蒸発器として作用させて庫室内を冷却したり、凝縮器として作用させて庫室内を加温したりできるようにした自動販売機を制御する自動販売機制御装置であって、
プルアップ完了後、圧縮機の回転速度を低下させた結果、加温用庫室の庫内温度が下限値まで下がった時の圧縮機の回転速度が基準値以上あるときは、圧縮機の回転速度を一気に最大にし、圧縮機の回転速度が前記基準値未満であるときは、圧縮機の回転速度を前記基準値にして一定時間運転した後、圧縮機の回転速度を最大にすることを特徴とする自動販売機制御装置。
It has a plurality of compartments partitioned by heat insulating walls, and each compartment is provided with an internal heat exchanger and a fan with an electric expansion valve, and the electric expansion valve and the internal heat exchanger are A compressor and an external heat exchanger provided outside are connected to each other, and by switching the flow direction of the refrigerant with a solenoid valve, each of the internal heat exchangers acts as an evaporator to cool the inside of the warehouse, or a condenser A vending machine control device for controlling a vending machine that can act as a warmer in the storage room,
After the pull-up is completed, if the compressor rotation speed is lower than the reference value as a result of lowering the compressor rotation speed and the internal temperature of the heating chamber drops to the lower limit, the compressor rotation The speed is maximized at once, and when the compressor rotational speed is less than the reference value, the compressor rotational speed is set to the reference value and the compressor is operated for a certain period of time, and then the compressor rotational speed is maximized. Vending machine control device.
圧縮機の回転速度を最大にしている間は加温用庫室の前記ファンを停止させ、圧縮機の回転速度を前記基準値にしている間は加温用庫室の前記ファンを低速で運転することを特徴とする請求項1記載の自動販売機制御装置。While the rotation speed of the compressor is maximized, the fan in the heating chamber is stopped, and while the rotation speed of the compressor is at the reference value, the fan in the heating chamber is operated at a low speed. The vending machine control device according to claim 1, wherein:
JP2001091918A 2001-03-28 2001-03-28 Vending machine controller Expired - Fee Related JP4362986B2 (en)

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