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JP4422883B2 - Semiconductor device - Google Patents
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JP4422883B2 - Semiconductor device - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP4422883B2
JP4422883B2 JP2000330135A JP2000330135A JP4422883B2 JP 4422883 B2 JP4422883 B2 JP 4422883B2 JP 2000330135 A JP2000330135 A JP 2000330135A JP 2000330135 A JP2000330135 A JP 2000330135A JP 4422883 B2 JP4422883 B2 JP 4422883B2
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Prior art keywords
lid
insulating substrate
adhesive resin
external circuit
circuit board
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JP2002134669A (en
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秀人 米倉
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Kyocera Corp
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Kyocera Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10WGENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W72/00Interconnections or connectors in packages
    • H10W72/851Dispositions of multiple connectors or interconnections
    • H10W72/874On different surfaces
    • H10W72/877Bump connectors and die-attach connectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10WGENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W74/00Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings
    • H10W74/10Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings characterised by their shape or disposition
    • H10W74/15Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings characterised by their shape or disposition on active surfaces of flip-chip devices, e.g. underfills
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10WGENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W90/00Package configurations
    • H10W90/701Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts
    • H10W90/721Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of bump connectors
    • H10W90/724Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of bump connectors between a chip and a stacked insulating package substrate, interposer or RDL
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10WGENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H10W90/00Package configurations
    • H10W90/701Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts
    • H10W90/731Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of die-attach connectors
    • H10W90/734Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of die-attach connectors between a chip and a stacked insulating package substrate, interposer or RDL

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  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はコンピュータ等の情報処理装置等に使用される放熱用の蓋体を有する半導体装置に関し、より詳細には、半導体装置に温度サイクルが繰り返し印加された際に、半導体装置と外部回路基板とを接続する接続端子が破壊することなく、かつ蓋体と半導体素子とを接続する熱伝導性樹脂が破壊・剥離することがない半導体装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、コンピュータ等の情報処理装置等に使用される放熱用の蓋体を有する半導体装置は、例えば図6に断面図で示すように、略平板状の絶縁基板21と半導体素子22とキャップ状の蓋体23とから基本的に構成されている。
【0003】
絶縁基板21は、酸化アルミニウム質焼結体・ガラスセラミックス焼結体等のセラミックス材料からなり、上面中央部に半導体素子22を搭載するための搭載部を有するとともに搭載部から下面にかけて導出する複数個のメタライズ配線層24を有している。
【0004】
そして半導体素子22を絶縁基板21上面中央の搭載部に搭載するとともに、半導体素子22の下面に形成されている各接続用電極25と、絶縁基板21のメタライズ配線層24とを導体バンプ26にて接合することにより半導体素子22の各接続用電極25とメタライズ配線層24とが電気的に接続される。
【0005】
しかる後、キャップ状の蓋体23を、半導体素子22の上面に熱伝導性樹脂27にて接着し、絶縁基板21の上面の外縁部に接着樹脂28にて取着することにより、半導体装置Bが製作される。
【0006】
この半導体装置Bは、絶縁基板21下面のメタライズ配線層24を、ガラスエポキシ樹脂等の樹脂基板からなるマザーボード等の外部回路基板29の接続用導体30にハンダ等からなる接続端子31を介して接続させることにより外部回路基板29上に実装される。
【0007】
このような半導体装置は、以下のような温度サイクル試験を行なう必要があり、その温度サイクル試験で所定以上の耐久性を有することが確認されて初めて製品として認められる。即ち、この温度サイクル試験は、半導体装置の極端な高温または低温に対する耐久性、また高温と低温の温度に交互に晒した場合の耐久性を確認する信頼性試験であり、例えば以下の手順[1]〜[6]により行なわれる。
【0008】
[1]−40℃の恒温槽と125℃の恒温槽を用い、まず室温(25℃)から−40℃の恒温槽中に試料を移し10〜15分間保持する。
【0009】
[2]試料を室温(25℃)の大気中に移す。
【0010】
[3]−40℃の恒温槽より取り出してより1分以内に、試料を室温(25℃)の大気中から125℃の恒温槽中に移し10〜15分間保持する。
【0011】
[4]試料を室温(25℃)の大気中に移す。
【0012】
[5]125℃の恒温槽より取り出してより1分以内に、試料を室温(25℃)の大気中から−40℃の恒温槽中に移す。
【0013】
[6]上記[1]〜[5]を1サイクルとして、即ち室温(25℃)→低温(−40℃)→室温(25℃)→高温(125℃)→室温(25℃)の温度変化を1サイクルとして、このサイクルを所定回数(例えば1000サイクル)繰り返す。
【0014】
そして、半導体装置Bについて温度サイクル試験を行なった際、室温(25℃)から高温(125℃)までの昇温過程と、室温(25℃)から低温(−40℃)までの降温過程の双方で、絶縁基板21と外部回路基板29を接続する接続端子31は、絶縁基板21と外部回路基板29との間に生じる熱応力のためクラックを生じることがあるが、クラックの発生は降温過程で顕著である。それは以下の理由による。
【0015】
即ち、絶縁基板21、蓋体23および外部回路基板29のヤング率は高温では小さく、低温では大きいため、昇温過程では蓋体23、絶縁基板21および外部回路基板29が蓋体23側が凹となる向きに容易にたわむことができ、絶縁基板21と外部回路基板29との間に生じる熱応力を小さくできる。それに対し、降温過程では、絶縁基板21、蓋体23および外部回路基板29それぞれのヤング率が昇温過程より大きいため、蓋体23、絶縁基板21および外部回路基板29がたわみ難くなる。
【0016】
従って、昇温過程と比べ降温過程では、絶縁基板21と外部回路基板29との間に生じる熱応力が大きくなる。よって、絶縁基板21と外部回路基板29を接続する接続端子31は、昇温過程と比較して降温過程にて、よりクラックを生じやすい。
【0017】
従来の半導体装置Bの構造では、温度サイクル試験にて、特に降温過程において、熱膨張係数が4〜8×10-6/℃の絶縁基板21と熱膨張係数が約15〜20×10-6/℃である外部回路基板29との熱膨張係数差により接続端子31に生じる熱応力が大きくなるという問題点があった。
【0018】
また、従来の半導体装置Bの構造では、図6に示すようにキャップ状の蓋体23が絶縁基板21上面の外縁部に取着されている。そのため、絶縁基板21が蓋体23の接着部で拘束され、温度サイクル試験にて、特に降温過程において、上側が凸となる向きに十分たわむことができないことから、半導体装置Bと外部回路基板29とを接続する接続端子31に生じる熱応力を小さくすることができなくなるという問題点があった。
【0019】
特に、蓋体23と外部回路基板29の熱膨張係数が絶縁基板21の熱膨張係数より大きい場合は、温度サイクル試験にて、特に室温から低温への降温過程において、絶縁基板21は蓋体23との接着部と接続端子31との双方にて拘束されるため上側が凸となる向きに十分たわむことができず、接続端子31に生じる絶縁基板21の主面方向の熱応力を小さくすることができなくなる。
【0020】
こうした熱応力が繰り返し印加されると、接続端子31は熱疲労破壊し、接続端子31の接続部近傍にクラックが生じるという問題点があった。
【0021】
これらの問題点を解決するものとして、図7に示す構造の半導体装置が提案されている(IEEE主催の50th Electronic Components & Technology Conference要旨集1189−1197頁参照)。
【0022】
図7はこの半導体装置Cの断面図である。図7に示す通り、半導体装置Cは、略平板状の絶縁基板41と半導体素子42と平板状の蓋体43とから基本的に構成されている。
【0023】
絶縁基板41は、上面中央部に半導体素子42を搭載するための搭載部を有するとともに搭載部から下面にかけて導出される複数個のメタライズ配線層44を有している。
【0024】
そして、半導体素子42を絶縁基板41上面中央の搭載部に搭載するとともに、半導体素子42の下面に形成されている各接続用電極45と、絶縁基板41のメタライズ配線層44とを導体バンプ46にて接合することにより半導体素子42の各接続用電極45とメタライズ配線層44とが電気的に接続される。
【0025】
しかる後、蓋体43を、半導体素子42の上面に熱伝導性樹脂47にて接着し、絶縁基板41の上面に接着樹脂48にて取着することにより、半導体装置Cが製作される。
【0026】
この半導体装置Cは、絶縁基板41下面のメタライズ配線層44を、ガラスエポキシ樹脂等の樹脂基板からなるマザーボード等の外部回路基板49の接続用導体50にハンダ等からなる接続端子51を介して接続させることにより外部回路基板49上に実装される。
【0027】
ここで、蓋体43はその形状をキャップ状から平板状とすることにより、その剛性が低下し、蓋体43の絶縁基板41に対する拘束が小さくなるため、温度サイクル試験にて、特に降温過程において、絶縁基板41が蓋体43側(上側)が凸となる向きにたわむことができる。その結果、半導体装置Cと外部回路基板49とを接続する接続端子51に生じる熱応力を小さくすることができる。
【0028】
また、蓋体43の熱膨張係数を絶縁基板41の熱膨張係数より小さくしていることから、同じく降温過程において、蓋体43と絶縁基板41と外部回路基板49が上側が凸になるようにそれぞれたわむことができ、絶縁基板41と外部回路基板49との接続端子51に生じる熱応力を小さくすることができる。
【0029】
そして、蓋体43と絶縁基板41とを接続している接着樹脂48のヤング率を0.011GPaと低くすることにより、特に室温から低温への降温過程において、絶縁基板41および蓋体43がたわむ際、接着樹脂48をその変形に追従させることができる。
【0030】
上記改良により、温度サイクル試験の特に降温過程において、絶縁基板41と外部回路基板49との熱膨張係数差により生じる熱応力は、蓋体43と絶縁基板41と外部回路基板49が上側が凸になるようにそれぞれたわむことにより小さくでき、この熱応力による絶縁基板41と外部回路基板49とを接続する接続端子51のクラックは発生しなくなった。
【0031】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、この従来の半導体装置Cでは、絶縁基板41と外部回路基板49とを接続する接続端子51にクラックは発生しないものの、絶縁基板41と蓋体43との熱膨張係数差により絶縁基板41および蓋体43の外周部にある接着樹脂48に大きい熱応力が生じ、接着樹脂48が破断するおそれがある。その結果、半導体素子42で生じた熱を放熱する熱伝導性樹脂47が蓋体43から剥離する、あるいは熱伝導性樹脂47にクラックを生じることとなるため、半導体素子42の放熱性が低下するおそれがあるという問題点があった。
【0032】
本発明は上記事情に鑑みて案出されたものであり、その目的は、半導体装置に温度サイクル試験を実施した際に、絶縁基板と外部回路基板とを接続する接続端子に絶縁基板と外部回路基板との熱膨張係数差により生じる熱応力を起因とするクラックを生じず、かつ半導体素子と蓋体とを接着している熱伝導性樹脂が蓋体から剥離しない、放熱性が良好な半導体装置を提供することにある。
【0033】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の半導体装置は、メタライズ配線層が被着形成された絶縁基板の表面に、接続用電極を備えた半導体素子を載置し、前記メタライズ配線層と前記半導体素子の接続用電極とを接合してなるとともに、前記半導体素子を覆うようにして前記絶縁基板表面に取着されかつその一部を前記半導体素子の上面に熱伝導性樹脂を介して接着してなる平板状の蓋体と、前記絶縁基板の裏面に設けられ前記半導体素子と電気的に接続された接続端子とを具備し、前記絶縁基板下面のメタライズ配線層と外部回路基板上面の接続用導体とを前記接続端子を介して接合することにより外部回路基板上に実装された半導体装置において、熱膨張係数が外部回路基板、絶縁基板、蓋体の順で小さくなるとともに、前記蓋体と前記絶縁基板とがヤング率の異なる接着樹脂により取着されており、かつヤング率の大きい接着樹脂がヤング率の小さい接着樹脂よりも前記蓋体の内側に位置していることを特徴とするものである。
【0034】
本発明は、上記の構成により、熱膨張係数を外部回路基板、絶縁基板、蓋体の順で小さくなるようにしていることから、温度サイクル試験にて、特に降温過程において、蓋体、絶縁基板および外部回路基板が蓋体側が凸となるようにたわみ、絶縁基板と外部回路基板と蓋体との間の熱膨張係数差による熱応力を小さくすることができる。
【0035】
また、半導体素子の上面を熱伝導性樹脂によって蓋体に接着していることにより、半導体素子で発生した熱は効果的に蓋体側に伝熱されることから、半導体素子の発熱に対する熱放散性を良好にすることができる。
【0036】
また、蓋体と絶縁基板とがヤング率の異なる接着樹脂により取着され、かつヤング率の大きい接着樹脂がヤング率の小さい接着樹脂よりも蓋体の内側に位置していることから、同じく降温過程において、蓋体による絶縁基板の拘束は接続部のヤング率の小さい接着樹脂の変形により小さくすることができ、その結果、絶縁基板は蓋体側が凸となるようたわみ、絶縁基板と外部回路基板の熱膨張係数差による熱応力を小さくすることができる。また、ヤング率の大きい接着樹脂が蓋体と絶縁基板との接合を補強することにより、接合の機械的強度を強固なものとすることができる。そのため、熱伝導性樹脂が蓋体から剥離することがなくなり半導体素子と蓋体との熱的な接続を維持し確保することができるため、熱放散性が良好で蓋体と絶縁基板との接合の長期信頼性に優れた半導体装置を得ることができる。
【0037】
ここで、蓋体と絶縁基板との熱応力は蓋体中心からの距離に比例して大きくなることから、蓋体中心からの距離が長く熱応力が大きい蓋体外周側には変形しやすいヤング率の小さい接着樹脂を、蓋体中心からの距離が短い蓋体内側には強度の大きなヤング率の大きい接着樹脂をそれぞれ配置している。その結果、ヤング率の小さい接着樹脂を蓋体外周側に配置したことにより、ヤング率の小さい接着樹脂は変形しやすいため、温度サイクル試験の降温過程において、絶縁基板の外周側でより大きくなる平面方向の熱応力に追従して変形する。また、ヤング率の大きい接着樹脂にを蓋体内側に配置したことにより、ヤング率の大きい接着樹脂は機械的強度が高く変形し難いため、絶縁基板と蓋体との接続を強固にする。
【0038】
また、本発明の半導体装置は、上記構成において、好ましくは蓋体がアルミニウムと炭化珪素とを主成分とする複合材料の焼結体からなることを特徴とするものである。これにより、蓋体材料の密度が一般に用いられる銅とタングステン等を主成分とする他の材料の密度より低くなり、同一形状の蓋体で比較すると半導体装置の重量が軽くなることから、外部回路基板との接続端子が半導体装置の重量により変形することによる実装高さの低下を防止することができる。その結果、温度サイクル試験にて、特にその室温から低温への降温過程において、絶縁基板と外部回路基板との熱膨張係数差により熱応力が生じた場合、外部回路基板に対する半導体装置の実装高さが低下していないため、絶縁基板と外部回路基板との接続端子が実装面方向に容易に変形することができ、生じた熱応力を小さくすることができる。従って、半導体装置と外部回路基板との間の接続が破壊され難くなり、絶縁基板と外部回路基板間の接続信頼性をより一層良好にすることができる。
【0039】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明を添付の図面を基に説明する。
【0040】
図1(a)および(b)は、それぞれ本発明の半導体装置の実施の形態の一例を示す平面図および断面図である。図1において、1は絶縁基板、2は半導体素子、3は平板状の蓋体であり、蓋体3と絶縁基板1とは、ヤング率の異なる接着樹脂、すなわちヤング率の小さい接着樹脂4aおよびヤング率の大きい接着樹脂4bを介して接合されて取着されている。
【0041】
絶縁基板1は、例えばガラスセラミックス焼結体等のセラミックス系絶縁材料や、ガラスエポキシ樹脂、ガラスポリイミド樹脂複合材料等の樹脂系絶縁材料等の電気絶縁材料からなる。
【0042】
絶縁基板1は、例えばガラスセラミックス焼結体からなる場合であれば、ガラスと所定のフィラーとを適宜混合した混合粉末に適宜有機バインダおよび溶剤を添加しスラリーを得て、そのスラリーをシート状に成型した後、そのシート状成型体を積層圧着して積層体を作製し、積層体を大気中あるいは窒素雰囲気中にて800℃乃至1000℃で焼成することにより作製される。
【0043】
絶縁基板1は、その表面から内部を経て裏面にかけてメタライズ配線層5が配設されている。メタライズ配線層5は、たとえば絶縁基板1がガラスセラミックス焼結体からなる場合であれば、必要に応じてあらかじめシート状成型体の所定位置にパンチングやレーザ等により貫通孔を形成しておくとともに、銅または銀を主成分とする金属粉末に適宜有機バインダおよび溶剤を添加し混練することにより得た導体ペーストを貫通孔内およびシート状成型体の表面にスクリーン印刷法等により印刷することにより形成される。またメタライズ配線層5は、例えば、金・アルミニウム・ニッケル・鉛−錫合金等を主成分とする金属材料から構成されてもよい。
【0044】
半導体素子2は、例えばシリコンやガリウム−砒素等の半導体からなり、その下面に複数の接続用電極6を有している。接続用電極6は、ハンダや金等の金属からなる導体バンプ7を介して、絶縁基板1表面のメタライズ配線層5に接合され電気的に接続される。
【0045】
接続用電極6とメタライズ配線層5との導体バンプ7による接続は、例えば半導体素子2の接続用電極6に導体バンプ7を溶着や圧着あるいはめっきにより予め接着させ、この導体バンプ7を絶縁基板1のメタライズ配線層5に当接させて接合する方法が採用できる。
【0046】
なお、半導体素子2と絶縁基板1の間隙で導体バンプ7の周りには、通常は熱硬化性樹脂8が充填され、半導体素子2と絶縁基板1との接合が補強される。
【0047】
絶縁基板1の表面に搭載した半導体素子2の上面、すなわち、半導体素子2の絶縁基板1への実装面の反対の面には、熱伝導性樹脂9を介して絶縁基板1より熱膨張係数が小さい平板状の蓋体3が接着されている。そして、蓋体3と絶縁基板1とをヤング率の異なる接着樹脂、すなわちヤング率の小さい接着樹脂4aおよびその内側に配置されたヤング率の大きい接着樹脂4bを介して取着することにより半導体装置Aが構成される。
【0048】
そして、この半導体装置Aは、絶縁基板1下面のメタライズ配線層5をハンダ等の接続端子10を介して絶縁基板1より熱膨張係数が大きい外部回路基板11上面の接続用導体に接合することにより外部回路基板11上に実装され、搭載した半導体素子2の接続用電極6と外部回路基板11の接続用導体とが電気的に接続される。
【0049】
このような本発明の半導体装置Aによれば、外部回路基板11に実装した際に、熱膨張係数は外部回路基板11、絶縁基板1、蓋体3の順で小さくしていることから、温度サイクル試験にて、特に降温過程において、外部回路基板11と絶縁基板1と蓋体3との熱膨張係数差により絶縁基板1と蓋体3はいずれも蓋体3側が凸となる向きにたわむことができるものとなる。このため絶縁基板1と外部回路基板11とを接続する接続端子10に生じる平面方向の熱応力はたわみにより小さくすることができ、接続端子10が熱応力により破壊され難くなる。
【0050】
また、蓋体3と絶縁基板1とを接続する接着樹脂は、ヤング率の小さい接着樹脂4aとそれより蓋体3の内側に配置されたヤング率の大きい接着樹脂4bとから構成されている。このヤング率の小さい接着樹脂4aは変形し易いものであり、蓋体3および絶縁基板1の熱変形に追従して変形し、破壊されないものとなる。例えば、温度サイクル試験の降温過程において、蓋体3および絶縁基板1は上側が凸となる向きに変形するが、蓋体3と絶縁基板1とのたわみ量が異なるため、たわみ量の差は蓋体3の外側へいくほど大きくなる。これに対し、接着樹脂4bよりも外側に存在する接着樹脂4aは大きく変形することでたわみ量の差に追従することができるため、蓋体3と絶縁基板1がいずれも上側が凸となる向きにたわむことができ、接続端子10に生じる熱応力を小さくすることができるため、接続端子10が破壊され難くなる。
【0051】
一方、ヤング率の大きい接着樹脂4bは蓋体3と絶縁基板1とを強固に接続する。また、温度サイクル試験の降温過程において、蓋体3および絶縁基板1は上側が凸となる向きに変形するが、絶縁基板1の上面には面方向の外側へ向いた熱応力が発生し、それは外側へいくほど大きくなる。従って、接着樹脂4aよりも内側に存在する接着樹脂4bにかかる熱応力は小さいものとなり、熱応力による接着樹脂4bの変形は小さくてよいこととなる。その結果、変形し難い接着樹脂4bが熱応力により破壊され難いものとなる。
【0052】
本発明の半導体装置Aは、実装密度を向上させるため外部回路基板11へ縦向きに実装されることがあるが、縦向きで使用した場合であっても、蓋体3と絶縁基板1との接続は接着樹脂4bにより補強されているので、蓋体3と絶縁基板1との接続の機械的強度は高く、何ら問題はない。
【0053】
また、ヤング率の大きい接着樹脂4bがヤング率の小さい接着樹脂4aより蓋体3の内側に位置していることにより、接着樹脂4bが接着樹脂4aの変形を妨げることがなく、絶縁基板1の上面の外周側に大きな熱応力が発生しても、接着樹脂4aが大きく変形して絶縁基板1の熱応力による変形に追従することが可能である。
【0054】
ここで、接着樹脂4aおよび接着樹脂4bは四角形状の蓋体3の四隅に配置されることが、絶縁基板1上面に半導体素子2やチップコンデンサ・チップ抵抗等の電子部品を搭載し得る面積をより広く確保できることから好ましい。
【0055】
接着樹脂4aの体積は、蓋体3と絶縁基板1との間に生じる熱応力による変形に追従して接着樹脂4aが大きく変形しても破壊されないために、それぞれ0.3mm3を超え50mm3未満であることが好ましい。また、接着樹脂4bの体積は、蓋体3と絶縁基板1との接続をより強固にするために、それぞれ0.3mm3を超え20mm3未満であることが好ましい。
【0056】
さらに、接着樹脂4bの体積と接着樹脂4aの体積との関係は、接着樹脂4aが蓋体3と絶縁基板1との間に生じる熱応力による変形に追従して変形し易くなる効果と、接着樹脂4bが蓋体3と絶縁基板1との接続をより強固にする効果との双方を同時に発現させるために、接着樹脂4bの体積を接着樹脂4aの体積で除した値で0.5を超え2未満であることが好ましい。
【0057】
また、接着樹脂4aおよび接着樹脂4bの絶縁基板1あるいは蓋体3との接着面積は、接着樹脂4aについては、蓋体3と絶縁基板1との熱応力による変形に追従するのを効果的にするため、それぞれ0.7mm2を超え80mm2未満であることが好ましく、また接着樹脂4bについては、蓋体3と絶縁基板1との機械的接続をより強固にするため、それぞれ0.7mm2を超え35mm2未満であることが好ましい。
【0058】
さらに、接着樹脂4aの絶縁基板1および蓋体3の接着面積については、絶縁基板1との接着面積が蓋体3との接着面積よりも大きいことが好ましい。この場合、温度サイクル試験の降温過程において、蓋体3よりも熱変形量が大きい絶縁基板1の上面に、蓋体3の下面よりも大きな、面方向で外側向きの熱応力が発生するが、その大きな熱応力によるせん断応力を大きな接着面積により吸収緩和して、絶縁基板1との接着面が剥がれるのを防ぐことができる。より好ましくは、1≧(蓋体3との接着面積)/(絶縁基板1との接着面積)>1/4がよい。(蓋体3との接着面積)/(絶縁基板1との接着面積)が1/4以下では、接着樹脂4aの高さ方向の中間部分に大きな括れ部が形成され、何度も温度サイクルがかかると、その括れ部が繰り返し変形することで接着樹脂4aが括れ部で破壊され易くなる傾向がある。
【0059】
接着樹脂4bについても、上記と同様に絶縁基板1との接着面積が蓋体3との接着面積よりも大きいものとすることにより同様の効果が得られるが、接着樹脂4bにかかる熱応力は接着樹脂4aよりも小さいため、必ずしも上記の構成とする必要はない。よって、接着樹脂4bは、絶縁基板1との接着面積と蓋体3との接着面積が略同じである例えば略円柱状等のものでよい。
【0060】
また、接着樹脂4aおよび接着樹脂4bの高さは、絶縁基板1からの蓋体1の高さであり、この高さは、半導体素子2の厚み・導体バンプ7の高さ・熱伝導性樹脂9の厚みの和で定まり、通常は0.2mmが下限値である。他方、接着樹脂4aおよび接着樹脂4bの高さがあまり高くなると、半導体素子2と蓋体3の間隔が広くなってそれらを接着する熱伝導性樹脂9の厚みが厚くなり、半導体素子2で生じた熱が放熱され難くなって半導体素子2が熱暴走・誤作動するおそれがあるため、3mm未満であることが好ましい。
【0061】
蓋体3と半導体素子2とを接着する熱伝導性樹脂9は、その熱伝導率が低い場合、半導体素子2にて発熱した熱が効果的に放熱され難くなり、半導体素子2の温度が上昇し、熱暴走するおそれがある。従って、熱伝導性樹脂9の熱伝導率は高いことが好ましく、具体的には1W/(m・K)以上であることが好ましい。
【0062】
なお、放熱フィン12を蓋体3の上面に接続するのがよく、これにより放熱面の表面積が増加するため熱放散性がさらに改善される。
【0063】
本発明の半導体装置Aにおいて、絶縁基板1の40〜400℃における熱膨張係数が8×10-6/℃未満である場合、外部回路基板11の熱膨張係数15〜20×10-6/℃との熱膨張係数差が大きくなり、温度サイクル試験の特に室温から低温への降温過程において、絶縁基板1と外部回路基板11との接続端子10の熱応力がきわめて大きくなり接続端子10が破断し易くなる傾向がある。
【0064】
他方、絶縁基板1の40〜400℃における熱膨張係数が14×10-6/℃を超えると、絶縁基板1の熱膨張係数が蓋体3および外部回路基板11の熱膨張係数より大きくなる場合があり、絶縁基板1が蓋体3側に凸となる向きにたわむことができなくなり、その結果、絶縁基板1と外部回路基板11との間に生じる熱応力を小さくすることができず、同じく特に室温から低温への降温過程において、絶縁基板1と外部回路基板11とを接続する接続端子10にかかる熱応力が大きくなり接続端子10が破断するおそれがある。
【0065】
従って、絶縁基板1の熱膨張係数は8×10-6/℃〜14×10-6/℃の範囲が好ましい。
【0066】
本発明の半導体装置Aにおける蓋体3には、絶縁基板1よりも熱膨張係数が小さい蓋体材料であれば各種の材料を使用することができるが、好ましくは、蓋体3として必要な強度を備えつつその熱伝導率が100W/m・Kを超えるような熱伝導性に優れた材料を用いるとよい。そのような材料としては、例えばアルミニウムと炭化珪素とを主成分とする複合材料の焼結体、銅とタングステンとを主成分とする複合材料、銅とモリブデンとを主成分とする複合材料、または無酸化銅を主成分とする材料、窒化アルミニウム焼結体等が挙げられる。
【0067】
中でも、本発明の半導体装置Aは、蓋体3をアルミニウムと炭化珪素とを主成分とする複合材料の焼結体から成るものとした場合は、十分な強度を有しつつ蓋体3の密度が約3g/cm3となり、これは例えば一般的に用いられる銅とタングステンとを主成分とする複合材料の密度である14〜17g/cm3より低いため、半導体装置Aの重量が軽くなって半導体装置Aと外部回路基板11とを接続する接続端子10が大きく変形しなくなるため、半導体装置Aの外部回路基板11への実装高さの低下を小さくすることができる。その結果、絶縁基板1と外部回路基板11間の接続信頼性をより一層良好にすることができる。
【0068】
次に、本発明の半導体装置の実施の形態の他の例を図2、図3、図4および図5に示す。これらの図は、半導体装置を蓋体3側から見た図1(a)と同様の平面図である。ただし、これらの図において、図1に示した例と同様の部位には同じ符号を付し、それらについての詳細な説明は省略する。なお、図示していない部位は図1に示した例と同様の構成である。また、接着樹脂4a・4bについてはその配置を示すために透視した状態を示しており、図5においては絶縁基板1も透視した状態を示している。
【0069】
図2に示す例では、接着樹脂4aを四角形状の蓋体3の外周領域の四辺の中央部の4箇所に蓋体3の中心からほぼ等距離に配置し、接着樹脂4bを外周領域の四辺の中央部で接着樹脂4aより蓋体3の中心からの距離が短いほぼ等距離である4箇所に配置している。このように、接着樹脂4aおよび接着樹脂4bの接着位置が蓋体3の四辺の中央部と中心との中間にあると、それらの接着位置と蓋体3の中心との距離が短いため、蓋体3と絶縁基板1との熱膨張係数差による変形量が小さくなり、ヤング率の小さい接着樹脂4aの変形による追従性が向上するとともに、ヤング率の大きい接着樹脂4bによる蓋体3と絶縁基板1との接合補強効果がより効果的になる。
【0070】
図3に示す例では、接着樹脂4aを四角形状の蓋体3の四隅のほぼ対角線上の4箇所に蓋体3の中心からほぼ等距離にくの字形状に配置し、接着樹脂4bを蓋体3の四隅のほぼ対角線上で蓋体3の中心からの距離を接着樹脂4aより短くして蓋体3の中心からほぼ等距離の4箇所に配置している。このように、接着樹脂4aをくの字形状にしておくと、この接着樹脂4aが蓋体3の下面面内の図3における縦方向と横方向(くの字形状の各辺の方向に相当する)のそれぞれに変形することにより、蓋体3の平面方向での縦方向と横方向それぞれにおいて熱応力による変形に追従することができる。
【0071】
図4に示す例では、接着樹脂4aを、四角形状の蓋体3の外周領域の四辺の中央部の4箇所に蓋体3の中心からほぼ等距離に、接着樹脂4aの接着面が蓋体3の四辺の方向が長辺となる長方形状に配置し、接着樹脂4bを四辺の中央部で接着樹脂4aより蓋体3の中心からの距離が短くほぼ等距離である4箇所に配置している。このように、接着樹脂4aの接着面を蓋体3の四辺の方向が長辺となる長方形状にしておくと、この接着樹脂4aが蓋体3の四辺の方向にそれぞれ変形することにより、蓋体3の四辺のそれぞれの方向の熱応力を吸収することができ熱応力による変形に追従することができる。
【0072】
図5に示す例では、円形状の蓋体3と四角形状の絶縁基板1とが、絶縁基板1の四隅のほぼ対角線上で蓋体3の中心からほぼ等距離の4箇所にて接着樹脂4aにより接着され、絶縁基板1の四隅のほぼ対角線上で接着樹脂4aより蓋体3の中心からの距離が短くほぼ等距離である4箇所で接着樹脂4bにより接着されている。このようにして、蓋体3をその半径が絶縁基板1の対角線の長さの2分の1に略等しい円形とすることにより、蓋体3の放熱面積をより広くとることができるとともに、放熱面積を広げるために絶縁基板1よりも大面積で四角形状の蓋体を設ける場合よりも小型化することができる。
【0073】
なお、本発明は上記の実施の形態の例に限られるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変更・改良を加えることは何ら差し支えない。例えば、蓋体の四隅のほぼ対角線上の4箇所に、蓋体の中心からの距離が大きい順に、それぞれヤング率が小さい接着樹脂、ヤング率が中間の接着樹脂およびヤング率の大きい接着樹脂を配置した構成としてもよい。
【0074】
【実施例】
次に、本発明の実施例を以下に説明する。
【0075】
絶縁基板用のセラミック材料として表1に示すセラミック材料AおよびBを用いて、絶縁基板を以下のように試作した。各原料粉末の混合粉末に適宜有機バインダおよび溶剤を添加しスラリーを得て、そのスラリーを厚み0.25mmのシート状に成型した後、20枚のシート状成型体を積層圧着して積層体を作製し、その積層体を窒素雰囲気中で900〜1000℃の最高温度にて焼成し、5mm×4mm×40mmの寸法の焼結体を作製した。得られた各焼結体について、そのヤング率と熱膨張係数を測定した結果を表1に示す。
【0076】
【表1】

Figure 0004422883
【0077】
次に、図1に示した構造の半導体装置を以下の工程[1]〜[10]により作製した。
【0078】
[1]表1に示すセラミック材料AおよびBの原料粉末に適宜有機バインダおよび溶剤を添加しスラリーを得て、そのスラリーを厚み0.1mmのシート状に成型した。
【0079】
[2]シート状成型体の貫通孔形成位置に金型を用いて穿孔を打ち抜いた。
【0080】
[3]シート状成型体の表面および内層に配線導体層を形成するために、銅を主成分とする導体ペーストをスクリーン印刷法にて印刷塗布した。また、最上面にあたるシート状成型体には、半導体素子が接続される箇所に導体ペーストを印刷塗布し、さらに底面にあたるシート状成型体には外部回路基板と接続する箇所に導体ペーストを印刷塗布した。
【0081】
[4]20枚のシート状成型体を積層圧着して積層体を作製し、その積層体を窒素雰囲気中で900〜1000℃の最高温度にて焼成して絶縁基板を作製した。この絶縁基板は、縦×横×厚みが40mm×40mm×1mmの寸法であった。
【0082】
[5]絶縁基板の底面のメタライズ配線層に、錫−鉛合金から成る高融点ハンダ(重量比で錫:鉛=10:90)からなる球状の接続端子を、低融点ハンダ(重量比で錫:鉛=63:37)により取り付けた。
【0083】
[6]絶縁基板上面のメタライズ配線層の表面にニッケルメッキを施した後、0〜100℃における熱膨張係数が2.8×10-6/℃のSiからなる半導体素子を準備し、半導体素子の底面の接続用電極を絶縁基板上面のメタライズ配線層に低融点ハンダにより接続して実装した。
【0084】
[7]半導体素子と絶縁基板との間の空隙に熱硬化性樹脂(エポキシ樹脂)を注入し、180℃で2時間熱処理して硬化させて半導体素子を絶縁基板上面に固着した。
【0085】
[8]絶縁基板の上面に実装された半導体素子の上面に、熱伝導性樹脂としてのシリコーン樹脂を塗布した。
【0086】
[9]アルミニウムと炭化珪素とを主成分とする複合材料の焼結体は、その混合比率で熱膨張係数が変化し、その混合比率が重量比で炭化珪素が70重量%とアルミニウムが30重量%の場合は熱膨張係数が8×10-6/℃であり、混合比率が炭化珪素が50重量%とアルミニウムが50重量%の場合は熱膨張係数は12×10-6/℃となる。所定の混合比率の蓋体と絶縁基板との接着部に、ヤング率の大きい接着樹脂(エポキシ樹脂)およびヤング率の小さい接着樹脂(エポキシ樹脂)を、自重により絶縁基板に達するような量を蓋体の下面に塗布した後、絶縁基板上に蓋体を位置合わせして配置し、150℃で接着樹脂を硬化させて接合し、半導体装置を作製した。
【0087】
[10]これらの半導体装置を、ガラスエポキシ基板から成り、−40〜125℃における熱膨張係数が15×10-6/℃である絶縁基板の表面に銅箔からなる配線導体が形成された外部回路基板に対して、絶縁基板下面の球状の接続端子と外部回路基板上面の配線導体とが接続されるように位置合わせして、低融点ハンダを用いて窒素雰囲気中にて240℃で3分間熱処理して接続し、半導体装置を外部回路基板の上面に実装した。
【0088】
このように作製した半導体装置について、以下の温度サイクル試験を施し、絶縁基板と外部回路基板との接続信頼性および接着樹脂の接続をそれぞれ調べた。
【0089】
ここでは、上記の半導体装置について、温度サイクル試験前に外部回路基板の配線導体と絶縁基板との間の電気抵抗を測定し、その後、以下の[1]〜[6]の手順で温度サイクル試験を行なった。
【0090】
[1]−40℃の恒温槽と125℃の恒温槽を用い、まず室温(25℃)から−40℃の恒温槽中に試料を移し10〜15分間保持した。
【0091】
[2]試料を室温(25℃)の大気中に移した。
【0092】
[3]−40℃の恒温槽より取り出してより1分以内に、試料を室温(25℃)の大気中から125℃の恒温槽中に移し10〜15分間保持した。
【0093】
[4]試料を室温(25℃)の大気中に移した。
【0094】
[5]125℃の恒温槽より取り出してより1分以内に、試料を室温(25℃)の大気中から−40℃の恒温槽中に移した。
【0095】
[6]上記[1]〜[5]を1サイクルとして、即ち室温(25℃)→低温(−40℃)→室温(25℃)→高温(125℃)→室温(25℃)の温度変化を1サイクルとして、このサイクルを最高1000サイクル繰り返した。
【0096】
温度サイクル試験の間、50サイクル毎に外部回路基板の配線導体と絶縁基板との間の電気抵抗を測定し、電気抵抗が温度サイクル試験前に測定した電気抵抗値の2倍以上になるまで継続した。そのサイクル数を表2に示す。また、蓋体の外側に配置した接着樹脂の接続状態を調べた。その結果も表2に示す。
【0097】
【表2】
Figure 0004422883
【0098】
表2から判るように、熱膨張係数が外部回路基板、絶縁基板、蓋体の順に小さくなり、外側の接着樹脂のヤング率が1GPa未満と小さく、かつ内側の接着樹脂のヤング率が1GPa以上と大きい場合である本発明の半導体装置、即ち、試料Noが5〜7、9、10、12〜14、20〜22、24、25、27〜29では、1000回までの温度サイクル試験において、半導体装置と外部回路基板との間の接続端子にクラック等は生じず、電気抵抗変化も見られず、極めて安定で良好な電気的接続が維持された。また蓋体と絶縁基板とを接合する接着樹脂の接着状態は良好に維持された。
これに対し、熱膨張係数は外部回路基板、絶縁基板、蓋体の順に小さくなるが、外側の接着樹脂のヤング率および内側の接着樹脂のヤング率がいずれも1GPa未満と小さい場合、即ち、試料Noが4、8、11、19、23、26では、1000回までの温度サイクル試験において、接続端子にクラック等は生じず、外部回路基板と絶縁基板との間に電気抵抗変化は見られなかったが、蓋体と絶縁基板を接合する接着樹脂の全体としての強度が不十分となり、外側の接着樹脂にクラックが生じ剥離し易くなる傾向があった。
【0099】
また、熱膨張係数は外部回路基板、絶縁基板、蓋体の順に小さくなるが、外側の接着樹脂のヤング率が1GPa以上と大きく、内側の接着樹脂のヤング率も1GPa以上と大きい場合、即ち、試料Noが1、3、16、18では、蓋体と絶縁基板を接合する接着樹脂の接着は良好に維持されたが、温度サイクル試験1000サイクル未満で接続端子にクラック等が生じ、絶縁基板と外部回路基板との間の電気抵抗が上昇する傾向があった。
【0100】
また、熱膨張係数は外部回路基板、絶縁基板、蓋体の順に小さくなるが、外側の接着樹脂のヤング率が1GPa以上と大きく、内側の接着樹脂のヤング率が1GPa未満と小さい場合、即ち、試料Noが2、17では、蓋体と絶縁基板を接合する接着樹脂の接着状態は良好に維持されたが、温度サイクル試験1000サイクル未満で接続端子にクラック等が生じ、絶縁基板と外部回路基板との間の電気抵抗が上昇する傾向があった。
【0101】
また、外側の接着樹脂のヤング率が1GPa未満と小さく、内側の接着樹脂のヤング率が1GPa以上と大きいが、熱膨張係数が外部回路基板、蓋体、絶縁基板の順で小さくなる場合、即ち、試料Noが15では、蓋体と絶縁基板を接合する接着樹脂の接着は良好に維持されたが、温度サイクル試験1000回未満で接続端子にクラック等が生じ、絶縁基板と外部回路基板との間の電気抵抗が上昇する傾向があった。
【0102】
【発明の効果】
本発明の半導体装置によれば、メタライズ配線層が被着形成された絶縁基板の表面に、接続用電極を備えた半導体素子を載置し、メタライズ配線層と半導体素子の接続用電極とを接合してなるとともに、半導体素子を覆うようにして絶縁基板表面に取着されかつその一部を半導体素子の上面に熱伝導性樹脂を介して接着してなる平板状の蓋体と、絶縁基板の裏面に設けられ半導体素子と電気的に接続された接続端子とを具備し、絶縁基板下面のメタライズ配線層と外部回路基板上面の接続用導体とを接続端子を介して接合することにより外部回路基板上に実装された半導体装置において、熱膨張係数が外部回路基板、絶縁基板、蓋体の順で小さくなるとともに、蓋体と絶縁基板とがヤング率の異なる接着樹脂により取着されており、かつヤング率の大きい接着樹脂がヤング率の小さい接着樹脂よりも蓋体の内側に位置していることを特徴とするものであり、熱膨張係数を外部回路基板、絶縁基板、蓋体の順で小さくなるようにしていることにより、温度サイクル試験にて、特に降温過程において、蓋体、絶縁基板および外部回路基板が蓋体側が凸となるようにたわみ、絶縁基板と外部回路基板と蓋体との間の熱膨張係数差による熱応力を小さくすることができる。
【0103】
また、半導体素子の上面を熱伝導性樹脂によって蓋体に接着していることにより、半導体素子で発生した熱は効果的に蓋体側に伝熱されることから、半導体素子の発熱に対する熱放散性を良好にすることができる。
【0104】
また、蓋体と絶縁基板とがヤング率の異なる接着樹脂により取着され、かつヤング率の大きい接着樹脂がヤング率の小さい接着樹脂よりも蓋体の内側に位置していることから、同じく降温過程において、蓋体による絶縁基板の拘束は接続部のヤング率の小さい接着樹脂の変形により小さくすることができ、その結果、絶縁基板は蓋体側が凸となるようたわみ、絶縁基板と外部回路基板の熱膨張係数差による熱応力を小さくすることができる。また、ヤング率の大きい接着樹脂が蓋体と絶縁基板との接合を補強することにより、接合の機械的強度を強固なものとすることができる。そのため、熱伝導性樹脂が蓋体から剥離することがなくなり半導体素子と蓋体との熱的な接続を維持し確保することができるため、熱放散性が良好で蓋体と絶縁基板との接合の長期信頼性に優れた半導体装置を得ることができる。
【0105】
また、本発明の半導体装置によれば、蓋体がアルミニウムと炭化珪素とを主成分とする複合材料の焼結体からなるものとした場合には、蓋体が強度を確保しつつその密度が低くなり、半導体装置の重量を軽くできることから、外部回路基板との接続端子が半導体装置の重量により変形することによる実装高さの低下を防止することができ、温度サイクル試験にて絶縁基板と外部回路基板との接続端子が実装面方向に容易に変形することができるため、生じた熱応力を小さくすることができる。その結果、半導体装置と外部回路基板との間の接続が破壊され難くなり、絶縁基板と外部回路基板間の接続信頼性をより一層良好にすることができる。
【0106】
以上により、本発明によれば、温度サイクル試験を実施した際に、絶縁基板と外部回路基板とを接続する接続端子に絶縁基板と外部回路基板との熱膨張係数差により生じる熱応力を起因とするクラックを生じず、かつ半導体素子と蓋体とを接着している熱伝導性樹脂が蓋体から剥離しない、放熱性が良好な半導体装置を提供することができた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】(a)および(b)は、それぞれ本発明の半導体装置の実施の形態の一例を示す平面図および断面図である。
【図2】本発明の半導体装置の実施の形態の他の例を示す平面図である。
【図3】本発明の半導体装置の実施の形態の他の例を示す平面図である。
【図4】本発明の半導体装置の実施の形態の他の例を示す平面図である。
【図5】本発明の半導体装置の実施の形態の他の例を示す平面図である。
【図6】従来の半導体装置の例を示す断面図である。
【図7】従来の半導体装置の他の例を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1:絶縁基板
2:半導体素子
3:蓋体
4a:ヤング率の小さい接着樹脂
4b:ヤング率の大きい接着樹脂
5:メタライズ配線層
6:接続用電極
9:熱伝導性樹脂
10:接続端子
11:外部回路基板
12:放熱フィン
A:半導体装置[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a semiconductor device having a heat dissipation lid used for an information processing device such as a computer. More specifically, when a temperature cycle is repeatedly applied to a semiconductor device, the semiconductor device and an external circuit board The present invention relates to a semiconductor device in which a connection terminal for connecting a semiconductor element is not destroyed and a heat conductive resin for connecting a lid and a semiconductor element is not destroyed or peeled off.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a semiconductor device having a heat dissipation lid used for an information processing apparatus such as a computer has a substantially flat insulating substrate 21, a semiconductor element 22, and a cap-like shape as shown in a sectional view in FIG. The lid 23 is basically constituted.
[0003]
The insulating substrate 21 is made of a ceramic material such as an aluminum oxide sintered body or a glass ceramic sintered body, and has a mounting portion for mounting the semiconductor element 22 at the center of the upper surface, and a plurality of leads derived from the mounting portion to the lower surface. The metallized wiring layer 24 is provided.
[0004]
Then, the semiconductor element 22 is mounted on the mounting portion at the center of the upper surface of the insulating substrate 21, and each connection electrode 25 formed on the lower surface of the semiconductor element 22 and the metallized wiring layer 24 of the insulating substrate 21 are connected by the conductor bumps 26. By joining, each connection electrode 25 of the semiconductor element 22 and the metallized wiring layer 24 are electrically connected.
[0005]
Thereafter, the cap-shaped lid body 23 is bonded to the upper surface of the semiconductor element 22 with the heat conductive resin 27 and attached to the outer edge portion of the upper surface of the insulating substrate 21 with the adhesive resin 28, whereby the semiconductor device B Is produced.
[0006]
In this semiconductor device B, the metallized wiring layer 24 on the lower surface of the insulating substrate 21 is connected to a connection conductor 30 of an external circuit board 29 such as a mother board made of a resin substrate such as glass epoxy resin via a connection terminal 31 made of solder or the like. Is mounted on the external circuit board 29.
[0007]
Such a semiconductor device needs to be subjected to the following temperature cycle test, and is recognized as a product only after the temperature cycle test has been confirmed to have a predetermined durability or more. That is, this temperature cycle test is a reliability test for confirming durability against extreme high or low temperatures of a semiconductor device and durability when alternately exposed to high and low temperatures. For example, the following procedure [1 ] To [6].
[0008]
[1] Using a −40 ° C. thermostatic bath and a 125 ° C. thermostatic bath, first, a sample is transferred from room temperature (25 ° C.) to a −40 ° C. thermostatic bath and held for 10 to 15 minutes.
[0009]
[2] Transfer the sample to the room temperature (25 ° C) atmosphere.
[0010]
[3] Within 1 minute after removal from the -40 ° C constant temperature bath, the sample is transferred from the room temperature (25 ° C) atmosphere to the 125 ° C constant temperature bath and held for 10-15 minutes.
[0011]
[4] Transfer the sample to room temperature (25 ° C) atmosphere.
[0012]
[5] Within 1 minute after removal from the 125 ° C. thermostat, the sample is transferred from the atmosphere at room temperature (25 ° C.) to the −40 ° C. thermostat.
[0013]
[6] The above [1] to [5] as one cycle, that is, room temperature (25 ° C.) → low temperature (−40 ° C.) → room temperature (25 ° C.) → high temperature (125 ° C.) → room temperature (25 ° C.) 1 cycle, this cycle is repeated a predetermined number of times (for example, 1000 cycles).
[0014]
When the temperature cycle test is performed on the semiconductor device B, both the temperature rising process from room temperature (25 ° C.) to the high temperature (125 ° C.) and the temperature lowering process from room temperature (25 ° C.) to the low temperature (−40 ° C.). The connection terminal 31 connecting the insulating substrate 21 and the external circuit board 29 may crack due to thermal stress generated between the insulating substrate 21 and the external circuit board 29. It is remarkable. The reason is as follows.
[0015]
That is, since the Young's modulus of the insulating substrate 21, the lid 23 and the external circuit board 29 is small at high temperatures and large at low temperatures, the lid 23, the insulating substrate 21 and the external circuit board 29 are concave on the lid 23 side in the temperature rising process. The thermal stress generated between the insulating substrate 21 and the external circuit substrate 29 can be reduced. On the other hand, in the temperature lowering process, the Young's modulus of each of the insulating substrate 21, the lid body 23, and the external circuit board 29 is larger than that of the temperature increasing process, so that the lid body 23, the insulating substrate 21 and the external circuit board 29 are difficult to bend.
[0016]
Therefore, the thermal stress generated between the insulating substrate 21 and the external circuit board 29 is larger in the temperature lowering process than in the temperature rising process. Therefore, the connection terminal 31 that connects the insulating substrate 21 and the external circuit board 29 is more likely to crack in the temperature lowering process than in the temperature rising process.
[0017]
In the structure of the conventional semiconductor device B, the thermal expansion coefficient is 4 to 8 × 10 6 in the temperature cycle test, particularly in the temperature lowering process. -6 / ℃ insulation substrate 21 and thermal expansion coefficient is about 15-20 × 10 -6 There is a problem that the thermal stress generated in the connection terminal 31 increases due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient with the external circuit board 29 at / ° C.
[0018]
Further, in the structure of the conventional semiconductor device B, as shown in FIG. 6, a cap-shaped lid body 23 is attached to the outer edge portion of the upper surface of the insulating substrate 21. For this reason, the insulating substrate 21 is restrained by the bonding portion of the lid 23, and the semiconductor device B and the external circuit substrate 29 cannot be sufficiently bent in the temperature cycle test, particularly in the temperature lowering process, in the direction in which the upper side is convex. There is a problem that it is impossible to reduce the thermal stress generated in the connection terminal 31 connecting the two.
[0019]
In particular, when the thermal expansion coefficient of the lid body 23 and the external circuit board 29 is larger than the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulating board 21, the insulating board 21 is used in the temperature cycle test, particularly in the temperature lowering process from room temperature to low temperature. Because it is constrained by both the bonded portion and the connection terminal 31, the upper side cannot be sufficiently bent in the convex direction, and the thermal stress in the main surface direction of the insulating substrate 21 generated in the connection terminal 31 is reduced. Can not be.
[0020]
When such thermal stress is repeatedly applied, there is a problem in that the connection terminal 31 is thermally fatigued and cracks are generated in the vicinity of the connection portion of the connection terminal 31.
[0021]
In order to solve these problems, a semiconductor device having the structure shown in FIG. 7 has been proposed (see the pages of the 18th to 1197th abstracts of the 50th Electronic Components & Technology Conference sponsored by IEEE).
[0022]
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor device C. As shown in FIG. 7, the semiconductor device C basically includes a substantially flat insulating substrate 41, a semiconductor element 42, and a flat lid 43.
[0023]
The insulating substrate 41 has a mounting portion for mounting the semiconductor element 42 at the center of the upper surface, and has a plurality of metallized wiring layers 44 led out from the mounting portion to the lower surface.
[0024]
Then, the semiconductor element 42 is mounted on the mounting portion at the center of the upper surface of the insulating substrate 41, and each connection electrode 45 formed on the lower surface of the semiconductor element 42 and the metallized wiring layer 44 of the insulating substrate 41 are formed on the conductor bumps 46. As a result, the connection electrodes 45 of the semiconductor element 42 and the metallized wiring layer 44 are electrically connected.
[0025]
Thereafter, the lid 43 is bonded to the upper surface of the semiconductor element 42 with the heat conductive resin 47 and attached to the upper surface of the insulating substrate 41 with the adhesive resin 48, whereby the semiconductor device C is manufactured.
[0026]
In this semiconductor device C, the metallized wiring layer 44 on the lower surface of the insulating substrate 41 is connected to a connection conductor 50 of an external circuit board 49 such as a mother board made of a resin substrate such as glass epoxy resin via a connection terminal 51 made of solder or the like. Is mounted on the external circuit board 49.
[0027]
Here, by changing the shape of the lid body 43 from a cap shape to a flat plate shape, the rigidity thereof is reduced and the restraint of the lid body 43 on the insulating substrate 41 is reduced. Therefore, in the temperature cycle test, particularly in the temperature lowering process. The insulating substrate 41 can be bent in a direction in which the lid 43 side (upper side) is convex. As a result, the thermal stress generated in the connection terminal 51 that connects the semiconductor device C and the external circuit board 49 can be reduced.
[0028]
In addition, since the thermal expansion coefficient of the lid 43 is smaller than the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulating substrate 41, the lid 43, the insulating substrate 41, and the external circuit board 49 are projected upward in the same temperature-decreasing process. Each of them can be bent, and the thermal stress generated in the connection terminal 51 between the insulating substrate 41 and the external circuit substrate 49 can be reduced.
[0029]
When the Young's modulus of the adhesive resin 48 connecting the lid 43 and the insulating substrate 41 is lowered to 0.011 GPa, particularly when the insulating substrate 41 and the lid 43 are bent in the temperature lowering process from room temperature to low temperature. The adhesive resin 48 can follow the deformation.
[0030]
Due to the above improvement, the thermal stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the insulating substrate 41 and the external circuit board 49 in the temperature cycle test, particularly in the temperature lowering process, is such that the lid 43, the insulating board 41, and the external circuit board 49 are convex on the upper side. Thus, the connection terminal 51 that connects the insulating substrate 41 and the external circuit board 49 is not cracked by the thermal stress.
[0031]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in this conventional semiconductor device C, although cracks do not occur in the connection terminal 51 that connects the insulating substrate 41 and the external circuit substrate 49, the insulating substrate 41 and the lid 43 have a difference in thermal expansion coefficient. A large thermal stress is generated in the adhesive resin 48 on the outer periphery of the lid 43, and the adhesive resin 48 may be broken. As a result, the heat conductive resin 47 that dissipates the heat generated in the semiconductor element 42 is peeled off from the lid 43 or cracks are generated in the heat conductive resin 47, so that the heat dissipation of the semiconductor element 42 is reduced. There was a problem of fear.
[0032]
The present invention has been devised in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to connect an insulating substrate and an external circuit to a connection terminal that connects the insulating substrate and the external circuit substrate when a temperature cycle test is performed on the semiconductor device. A semiconductor device with good heat dissipation that does not cause cracks due to thermal stress caused by a difference in thermal expansion coefficient from the substrate, and does not peel off the thermally conductive resin bonding the semiconductor element and the lid from the lid. Is to provide.
[0033]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the semiconductor device of the present invention, a semiconductor element having a connection electrode is placed on the surface of an insulating substrate on which a metallized wiring layer is deposited, and the metallized wiring layer and the connection electrode of the semiconductor element are bonded. And a flat lid that is attached to the surface of the insulating substrate so as to cover the semiconductor element, and a part thereof is bonded to the upper surface of the semiconductor element via a heat conductive resin; A connection terminal provided on the back surface of the insulating substrate and electrically connected to the semiconductor element, and a metallized wiring layer on the bottom surface of the insulating substrate and a connection conductor on the top surface of the external circuit board via the connection terminals. In the semiconductor device mounted on the external circuit board by bonding, the thermal expansion coefficient decreases in the order of the external circuit board, the insulating board, and the lid body, and the lid body and the insulating board have different Young's moduli. It is attached by Chakujushi, and in which a large adhesive resin Young's modulus and being located inside of the lid than the small adhesive resin having Young's modulus.
[0034]
According to the present invention, the thermal expansion coefficient is decreased in the order of the external circuit board, the insulating substrate, and the lid body in the above-described configuration. Therefore, in the temperature cycle test, particularly in the temperature lowering process, the lid body and the insulating substrate. In addition, the external circuit board is bent so that the lid side is convex, and the thermal stress due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the insulating substrate, the external circuit board, and the lid can be reduced.
[0035]
In addition, since the upper surface of the semiconductor element is bonded to the lid with a thermally conductive resin, the heat generated in the semiconductor element is effectively transferred to the lid side, so that the heat dissipation of the heat generated by the semiconductor element is reduced. Can be good.
[0036]
In addition, since the lid and the insulating substrate are attached with an adhesive resin having a different Young's modulus, and the adhesive resin having a higher Young's modulus is located inside the lid than the adhesive resin having a lower Young's modulus, In the process, the restraint of the insulating substrate by the lid can be reduced by the deformation of the adhesive resin having a low Young's modulus of the connecting portion. As a result, the insulating substrate bends so that the lid side is convex, and the insulating substrate and the external circuit substrate The thermal stress due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient can be reduced. Further, the bonding resin having a high Young's modulus reinforces the bonding between the lid and the insulating substrate, so that the mechanical strength of the bonding can be strengthened. Therefore, the thermal conductive resin does not peel off from the lid body, and the thermal connection between the semiconductor element and the lid body can be maintained and ensured, so that the heat dissipation is good and the lid body and the insulating substrate are joined. A semiconductor device with excellent long-term reliability can be obtained.
[0037]
Here, since the thermal stress between the lid and the insulating substrate increases in proportion to the distance from the center of the lid, the Young is easily deformed on the outer periphery of the lid that is long from the center of the lid and has a large thermal stress. Adhesive resin with a low rate is arranged on the inner side of the lid body with a short distance from the center of the lid body. As a result, since the adhesive resin with a low Young's modulus is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the lid, the adhesive resin with a low Young's modulus is easily deformed. Deforms following the thermal stress in the direction. In addition, since an adhesive resin having a high Young's modulus is disposed on the inner side of the lid, the adhesive resin having a high Young's modulus has high mechanical strength and is not easily deformed, so that the connection between the insulating substrate and the lid is strengthened.
[0038]
The semiconductor device of the present invention is characterized in that, in the above structure, the lid is preferably made of a sintered body of a composite material mainly composed of aluminum and silicon carbide. As a result, the density of the lid body material is lower than that of other materials mainly composed of copper, tungsten, etc., which are generally used, and the weight of the semiconductor device is reduced when compared with lids of the same shape. A reduction in mounting height due to deformation of the connection terminal with the substrate due to the weight of the semiconductor device can be prevented. As a result, when thermal stress occurs due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the insulating substrate and the external circuit board in the temperature cycle test, especially during the temperature-falling process from room temperature to low temperature, the mounting height of the semiconductor device relative to the external circuit board Therefore, the connection terminals between the insulating substrate and the external circuit substrate can be easily deformed in the mounting surface direction, and the generated thermal stress can be reduced. Therefore, the connection between the semiconductor device and the external circuit board is hardly broken, and the connection reliability between the insulating substrate and the external circuit board can be further improved.
[0039]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0040]
1A and 1B are a plan view and a cross-sectional view, respectively, showing an example of an embodiment of a semiconductor device of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 1 is an insulating substrate, 2 is a semiconductor element, 3 is a flat lid, and the lid 3 and the insulating substrate 1 are adhesive resins having different Young's modulus, that is, adhesive resin 4a having a low Young's modulus and It is bonded and attached via an adhesive resin 4b having a high Young's modulus.
[0041]
The insulating substrate 1 is made of an electrically insulating material such as a ceramic insulating material such as a glass ceramic sintered body, or a resin insulating material such as a glass epoxy resin or a glass polyimide resin composite material.
[0042]
If the insulating substrate 1 is made of, for example, a glass ceramic sintered body, an organic binder and a solvent are appropriately added to a mixed powder in which glass and a predetermined filler are appropriately mixed to obtain a slurry, and the slurry is formed into a sheet. After molding, the sheet-like molded body is laminated and pressure-bonded to produce a laminated body, and the laminated body is fired at 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C. in air or nitrogen atmosphere.
[0043]
The insulating substrate 1 is provided with a metallized wiring layer 5 from the front surface to the back surface through the inside. For example, if the insulating substrate 1 is made of a glass ceramic sintered body, the metallized wiring layer 5 has a through-hole formed in advance at a predetermined position of the sheet-like molded body by punching or laser as necessary. It is formed by printing a conductive paste obtained by adding and kneading an organic binder and a solvent as appropriate to a metal powder mainly composed of copper or silver by screen printing or the like in the through hole and on the surface of the sheet-like molded body. The The metallized wiring layer 5 may be made of, for example, a metal material mainly composed of gold, aluminum, nickel, lead-tin alloy, or the like.
[0044]
The semiconductor element 2 is made of a semiconductor such as silicon or gallium arsenide, and has a plurality of connection electrodes 6 on the lower surface thereof. The connection electrode 6 is joined and electrically connected to the metallized wiring layer 5 on the surface of the insulating substrate 1 via conductor bumps 7 made of metal such as solder or gold.
[0045]
The connection between the connection electrode 6 and the metallized wiring layer 5 by the conductor bump 7 is performed by, for example, bonding the conductor bump 7 to the connection electrode 6 of the semiconductor element 2 in advance by welding, pressure bonding, or plating, and connecting the conductor bump 7 to the insulating substrate 1. A method of joining the metallized wiring layer 5 in contact with each other can be employed.
[0046]
Note that a thermosetting resin 8 is usually filled around the conductor bump 7 in the gap between the semiconductor element 2 and the insulating substrate 1 to reinforce the bonding between the semiconductor element 2 and the insulating substrate 1.
[0047]
The upper surface of the semiconductor element 2 mounted on the surface of the insulating substrate 1, that is, the surface opposite to the mounting surface of the semiconductor element 2 on the insulating substrate 1 has a thermal expansion coefficient higher than that of the insulating substrate 1 through the heat conductive resin 9. A small flat lid 3 is bonded. Then, the semiconductor device is obtained by attaching the lid 3 and the insulating substrate 1 via adhesive resins having different Young's moduli, that is, adhesive resin 4a having a low Young's modulus and adhesive resin 4b having a high Young's modulus disposed inside thereof. A is configured.
[0048]
In this semiconductor device A, the metallized wiring layer 5 on the lower surface of the insulating substrate 1 is joined to the connection conductor on the upper surface of the external circuit board 11 having a thermal expansion coefficient larger than that of the insulating substrate 1 through connection terminals 10 such as solder. The connection electrode 6 of the semiconductor element 2 mounted on the external circuit board 11 and the connection conductor of the external circuit board 11 are electrically connected.
[0049]
According to such a semiconductor device A of the present invention, when mounted on the external circuit board 11, the thermal expansion coefficient is made smaller in the order of the external circuit board 11, the insulating substrate 1, and the lid 3. In the cycle test, especially in the temperature lowering process, the insulating substrate 1 and the lid 3 are all bent in a direction in which the lid 3 side is convex due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients among the external circuit board 11, the insulating substrate 1 and the lid 3. Will be able to. For this reason, the thermal stress in the plane direction generated in the connection terminal 10 connecting the insulating substrate 1 and the external circuit board 11 can be reduced by the deflection, and the connection terminal 10 is not easily broken by the thermal stress.
[0050]
The adhesive resin that connects the lid 3 and the insulating substrate 1 is composed of an adhesive resin 4a having a low Young's modulus and an adhesive resin 4b having a large Young's modulus disposed inside the lid 3 than that. The adhesive resin 4a having a small Young's modulus is easily deformed, deforms following the thermal deformation of the lid 3 and the insulating substrate 1, and is not destroyed. For example, in the temperature lowering process of the temperature cycle test, the lid 3 and the insulating substrate 1 are deformed in a direction in which the upper side is convex. However, since the deflection amount of the lid 3 and the insulating substrate 1 is different, the difference in the deflection amount is the lid. The larger the body 3 is, the larger it becomes. On the other hand, since the adhesive resin 4a existing outside the adhesive resin 4b can be largely deformed to follow the difference in deflection, the direction in which the lid 3 and the insulating substrate 1 are both convex upwards. Since the thermal stress generated in the connection terminal 10 can be reduced, the connection terminal 10 is not easily destroyed.
[0051]
On the other hand, the adhesive resin 4 b having a large Young's modulus firmly connects the lid 3 and the insulating substrate 1. Further, in the temperature lowering process of the temperature cycle test, the lid 3 and the insulating substrate 1 are deformed in a direction in which the upper side is convex, but thermal stress directed outward in the plane direction is generated on the upper surface of the insulating substrate 1, The larger it goes to the outside. Therefore, the thermal stress applied to the adhesive resin 4b existing inside the adhesive resin 4a is small, and the deformation of the adhesive resin 4b due to the thermal stress may be small. As a result, the adhesive resin 4b which is not easily deformed is not easily destroyed by thermal stress.
[0052]
The semiconductor device A of the present invention may be mounted vertically on the external circuit board 11 in order to improve the mounting density, but even when used in the vertical direction, the lid 3 and the insulating substrate 1 Since the connection is reinforced by the adhesive resin 4b, the mechanical strength of the connection between the lid 3 and the insulating substrate 1 is high, and there is no problem.
[0053]
Further, since the adhesive resin 4b having a large Young's modulus is positioned inside the lid 3 from the adhesive resin 4a having a low Young's modulus, the adhesive resin 4b does not hinder the deformation of the adhesive resin 4a, and the insulating substrate 1 Even if a large thermal stress is generated on the outer peripheral side of the upper surface, the adhesive resin 4a can be greatly deformed to follow the deformation of the insulating substrate 1 due to the thermal stress.
[0054]
Here, the adhesive resin 4a and the adhesive resin 4b are arranged at the four corners of the quadrangular lid 3, so that the area on which the electronic component such as the semiconductor element 2 and the chip capacitor / chip resistor can be mounted on the upper surface of the insulating substrate 1 is obtained. It is preferable because it can be secured more widely.
[0055]
Since the volume of the adhesive resin 4a is not broken even if the adhesive resin 4a is largely deformed following the deformation caused by the thermal stress generated between the lid 3 and the insulating substrate 1, it is 0.3 mm each. Three Over 50mm Three It is preferable that it is less than. The volume of the adhesive resin 4b is 0.3 mm in order to make the connection between the lid 3 and the insulating substrate 1 stronger. Three Over 20mm Three It is preferable that it is less than.
[0056]
Further, the relationship between the volume of the adhesive resin 4b and the volume of the adhesive resin 4a is that the adhesive resin 4a easily deforms following the deformation caused by the thermal stress generated between the lid 3 and the insulating substrate 1, In order for the resin 4b to exhibit both the effect of strengthening the connection between the lid 3 and the insulating substrate 1 at the same time, the value obtained by dividing the volume of the adhesive resin 4b by the volume of the adhesive resin 4a is more than 0.5 and less than 2 It is preferable that
[0057]
Further, the bonding area of the adhesive resin 4a and the adhesive resin 4b with the insulating substrate 1 or the lid 3 effectively follows the deformation due to the thermal stress between the lid 3 and the insulating substrate 1 with respect to the adhesive resin 4a. 0.7mm for each 2 Over 80mm 2 The adhesive resin 4b is preferably less than 0.7 mm in order to make the mechanical connection between the lid 3 and the insulating substrate 1 stronger. 2 Over 35mm 2 It is preferable that it is less than.
[0058]
Furthermore, the adhesive area between the insulating substrate 1 and the lid 3 of the adhesive resin 4 a is preferably larger than the adhesive area with the lid 3. In this case, in the temperature-falling process of the temperature cycle test, a thermal stress is generated on the upper surface of the insulating substrate 1 that has a larger amount of thermal deformation than the lid 3 and outward in the surface direction, which is larger than the lower surface of the lid 3. The shear stress due to the large thermal stress can be absorbed and relaxed by the large adhesion area, and the adhesion surface with the insulating substrate 1 can be prevented from peeling off. More preferably, 1 ≧ (bonding area with lid 3) / (bonding area with insulating substrate 1)> ¼ is preferable. When (adhesive area with the lid 3) / (adhesive area with the insulating substrate 1) is 1/4 or less, a large constricted portion is formed in the intermediate portion in the height direction of the adhesive resin 4a, and the temperature cycle is repeated many times. In this case, the adhesive resin 4a tends to be easily broken at the constricted portion by repeatedly deforming the constricted portion.
[0059]
As for the adhesive resin 4b, the same effect can be obtained when the adhesive area with the insulating substrate 1 is larger than the adhesive area with the lid 3 as described above, but the thermal stress applied to the adhesive resin 4b is bonded. Since it is smaller than the resin 4a, it is not always necessary to have the above configuration. Therefore, the adhesive resin 4b may be, for example, a substantially cylindrical shape in which the adhesion area with the insulating substrate 1 and the adhesion area with the lid 3 are substantially the same.
[0060]
The height of the adhesive resin 4a and the adhesive resin 4b is the height of the lid 1 from the insulating substrate 1, and this height is the thickness of the semiconductor element 2, the height of the conductor bump 7, and the thermally conductive resin. It is determined by the sum of the thicknesses of 9, and 0.2 mm is usually the lower limit. On the other hand, if the heights of the adhesive resin 4a and the adhesive resin 4b are too high, the distance between the semiconductor element 2 and the lid 3 is widened, and the thickness of the heat conductive resin 9 for bonding them increases, which occurs in the semiconductor element 2. It is preferable that the thickness is less than 3 mm because the heat generated by the semiconductor element 2 is unlikely to be dissipated and the semiconductor element 2 may be thermally runaway or malfunction.
[0061]
When the thermal conductive resin 9 that bonds the lid 3 and the semiconductor element 2 has a low thermal conductivity, the heat generated in the semiconductor element 2 is hardly radiated effectively, and the temperature of the semiconductor element 2 rises. There is a risk of thermal runaway. Accordingly, the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive resin 9 is preferably high, and specifically, it is preferably 1 W / (m · K) or more.
[0062]
In addition, it is good to connect the radiation fin 12 to the upper surface of the cover body 3, and since this increases the surface area of a radiation surface, heat dissipation is further improved.
[0063]
In the semiconductor device A of the present invention, the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulating substrate 1 at 40 to 400 ° C. is 8 × 10 8. -6 When the temperature is less than / ° C, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the external circuit board 11 is 15 to 20 × 10 -6 The difference in thermal expansion coefficient from / ° C increases, and the thermal stress of the connection terminal 10 between the insulating substrate 1 and the external circuit board 11 becomes extremely large in the temperature cycle test, particularly during the temperature-falling process from room temperature to low temperature, and the connection terminal 10 There is a tendency to break easily.
[0064]
On the other hand, the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulating substrate 1 at 40 to 400 ° C. is 14 × 10 -6 When the temperature exceeds / ° C., the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulating substrate 1 may be larger than the thermal expansion coefficients of the lid 3 and the external circuit board 11, and the insulating substrate 1 may bend in a direction that protrudes toward the lid 3 side. As a result, the thermal stress generated between the insulating substrate 1 and the external circuit substrate 11 cannot be reduced, and the insulating substrate 1 and the external circuit substrate 11 are also connected to each other, particularly in the process of lowering the temperature from room temperature to low temperature. There is a possibility that the thermal stress applied to the connecting terminal 10 to be connected increases and the connecting terminal 10 is broken.
[0065]
Therefore, the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulating substrate 1 is 8 × 10. -6 / ℃ ~ 14 × 10 -6 A range of / ° C is preferred.
[0066]
Various materials can be used for the lid 3 in the semiconductor device A of the present invention as long as the lid body material has a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than that of the insulating substrate 1. It is preferable to use a material having excellent thermal conductivity such that the thermal conductivity exceeds 100 W / m · K. As such a material, for example, a sintered body of a composite material mainly containing aluminum and silicon carbide, a composite material mainly containing copper and tungsten, a composite material mainly containing copper and molybdenum, or Examples thereof include a material mainly containing non-oxidized copper and an aluminum nitride sintered body.
[0067]
In particular, in the semiconductor device A of the present invention, when the lid 3 is made of a sintered body of a composite material mainly composed of aluminum and silicon carbide, the density of the lid 3 has sufficient strength. Is about 3g / cm Three This is, for example, 14 to 17 g / cm, which is the density of a composite material mainly composed of copper and tungsten, which are generally used. Three Therefore, the weight of the semiconductor device A is reduced, and the connection terminal 10 connecting the semiconductor device A and the external circuit board 11 is not greatly deformed. Therefore, the mounting height of the semiconductor device A on the external circuit board 11 is reduced. Can be reduced. As a result, the connection reliability between the insulating substrate 1 and the external circuit substrate 11 can be further improved.
[0068]
Next, other examples of embodiments of the semiconductor device of the present invention are shown in FIGS. These drawings are plan views similar to FIG. 1A when the semiconductor device is viewed from the lid 3 side. However, in these drawings, the same parts as those in the example shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. In addition, the site | part which is not shown in figure is the structure similar to the example shown in FIG. Further, the adhesive resins 4a and 4b are shown in a transparent state in order to show their arrangement, and in FIG. 5, the insulating substrate 1 is also shown in a transparent state.
[0069]
In the example shown in FIG. 2, the adhesive resin 4 a is arranged at approximately four distances from the center of the lid 3 at four locations in the center of the four sides of the outer periphery of the quadrangular lid 3, and the adhesive resin 4 b is disposed on the four sides of the outer periphery. In the central part, the distance from the center of the lid 3 is shorter than that of the adhesive resin 4a. Thus, if the bonding position of the adhesive resin 4a and the bonding resin 4b is in the middle between the center and the center of the four sides of the lid 3, the distance between the bonding position and the center of the lid 3 is short. The amount of deformation due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the body 3 and the insulating substrate 1 is reduced, the followability by the deformation of the adhesive resin 4a having a small Young's modulus is improved, and the lid 3 and the insulating substrate by the adhesive resin 4b having a large Young's modulus. The joint reinforcement effect with 1 becomes more effective.
[0070]
In the example shown in FIG. 3, the adhesive resin 4 a is arranged in a substantially square shape at approximately four distances from the center of the lid 3 at approximately four diagonal corners of the rectangular lid 3, and the adhesive resin 4 b is covered with the lid. The distance from the center of the lid body 3 is made shorter than the adhesive resin 4a on almost diagonal lines at the four corners of the body 3 and is arranged at four locations substantially equidistant from the center of the lid body 3. In this way, when the adhesive resin 4a is formed in a dogleg shape, the adhesive resin 4a corresponds to the vertical direction and the horizontal direction (in the direction of each side of the dogleg shape) in FIG. ), The deformation due to the thermal stress can be followed in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction in the planar direction of the lid 3.
[0071]
In the example shown in FIG. 4, the adhesive resin 4 a is placed at four locations in the center of the four sides of the outer peripheral area of the quadrangular lid 3 at approximately the same distance from the center of the lid 3, and the adhesive surface of the adhesive resin 4 a is the lid. 3 is arranged in a rectangular shape with the long sides being long sides, and the adhesive resin 4b is arranged at four locations in the central part of the four sides where the distance from the center of the lid 3 is shorter than the adhesive resin 4a and is approximately equidistant. Yes. As described above, when the adhesive surface of the adhesive resin 4a is formed in a rectangular shape in which the four sides of the lid 3 have long sides, the adhesive resin 4a is deformed in the directions of the four sides of the lid 3, respectively. The thermal stress in each direction of the four sides of the body 3 can be absorbed and the deformation due to the thermal stress can be followed.
[0072]
In the example shown in FIG. 5, the circular lid 3 and the rectangular insulating substrate 1 are bonded to the adhesive resin 4 a at four locations that are substantially equidistant from the center of the lid 3 on the substantially diagonal lines of the four corners of the insulating substrate 1. The adhesive resin 4b is adhered at four locations, which are approximately equidistant from the adhesive resin 4a, and the distance from the center of the lid 3 is shorter than the adhesive resin 4a on the substantially diagonal lines of the four corners of the insulating substrate 1. In this way, the lid 3 has a circular shape whose radius is approximately equal to one half of the diagonal length of the insulating substrate 1, so that the heat radiation area of the lid 3 can be increased and the heat radiation can be increased. In order to increase the area, the size can be reduced as compared with the case where a rectangular lid having a larger area than that of the insulating substrate 1 is provided.
[0073]
Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and improvements may be added without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, an adhesive resin with a small Young's modulus, an adhesive resin with an intermediate Young's modulus, and an adhesive resin with a large Young's modulus are arranged in order of increasing distance from the center of the lid at four locations on the diagonals of the four corners of the lid. It is good also as the structure which carried out.
[0074]
【Example】
Next, examples of the present invention will be described below.
[0075]
Using the ceramic materials A and B shown in Table 1 as ceramic materials for the insulating substrate, an insulating substrate was prototyped as follows. An organic binder and solvent are appropriately added to the mixed powder of each raw material powder to obtain a slurry. After the slurry is formed into a sheet having a thickness of 0.25 mm, 20 sheets of the molded body are laminated and pressed to produce a laminate. The laminate was then fired at a maximum temperature of 900 to 1000 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere to produce a sintered body having dimensions of 5 mm × 4 mm × 40 mm. Table 1 shows the results of measuring the Young's modulus and thermal expansion coefficient of each of the obtained sintered bodies.
[0076]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004422883
[0077]
Next, the semiconductor device having the structure shown in FIG. 1 was fabricated by the following steps [1] to [10].
[0078]
[1] An organic binder and a solvent were appropriately added to the raw material powders of ceramic materials A and B shown in Table 1 to obtain a slurry, and the slurry was molded into a sheet having a thickness of 0.1 mm.
[0079]
[2] Perforations were punched using a mold at the through hole forming position of the sheet-like molded body.
[0080]
[3] In order to form a wiring conductor layer on the surface and inner layer of the sheet-like molded body, a conductor paste mainly composed of copper was printed and applied by a screen printing method. Further, the sheet-like molded body corresponding to the uppermost surface was printed and coated with a conductor paste at a location where the semiconductor element was connected, and the sheet-shaped molded body corresponding to the bottom surface was further printed and applied at a location connected to the external circuit board. .
[0081]
[4] A laminate was produced by laminating 20 sheet-like molded bodies, and the laminate was fired at a maximum temperature of 900 to 1000 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere to produce an insulating substrate. This insulating substrate had dimensions of length × width × thickness of 40 mm × 40 mm × 1 mm.
[0082]
[5] A spherical connection terminal made of high melting point solder (tin: lead = 10: 90 in weight ratio) made of tin-lead alloy is formed on the metallized wiring layer on the bottom surface of the insulating substrate. : Lead = 63:37).
[0083]
[6] After the nickel-plated surface of the metallized wiring layer on the top surface of the insulating substrate, the coefficient of thermal expansion at 0 to 100 ° C. is 2.8 × 10 -6 A semiconductor element made of Si at / ° C. was prepared, and the connection electrode on the bottom surface of the semiconductor element was connected to the metallized wiring layer on the top surface of the insulating substrate by low melting solder and mounted.
[0084]
[7] A thermosetting resin (epoxy resin) was injected into the gap between the semiconductor element and the insulating substrate, and was cured by heat treatment at 180 ° C. for 2 hours to fix the semiconductor element on the upper surface of the insulating substrate.
[0085]
[8] A silicone resin as a heat conductive resin was applied to the upper surface of the semiconductor element mounted on the upper surface of the insulating substrate.
[0086]
[9] The sintered body of the composite material mainly composed of aluminum and silicon carbide has a coefficient of thermal expansion that varies depending on the mixing ratio, and the mixing ratio is 70% by weight of silicon carbide and 30% by weight of aluminum. %, The coefficient of thermal expansion is 8 × 10 -6 When the mixing ratio is 50% by weight of silicon carbide and 50% by weight of aluminum, the thermal expansion coefficient is 12 × 10 -6 / ° C. Adhesive resin with high Young's modulus (epoxy resin) and adhesive resin with low Young's modulus (epoxy resin) are bonded to the bonding part between the lid and insulating substrate with a specified mixing ratio, and the amount that can reach the insulating substrate by its own weight. After coating on the lower surface of the body, the lid was positioned and placed on the insulating substrate, and the adhesive resin was cured and bonded at 150 ° C. to produce a semiconductor device.
[0087]
[10] These semiconductor devices are made of a glass epoxy substrate and have a thermal expansion coefficient of -15 to 10 at -40 to 125 ° C. -6 Positioned so that the spherical connection terminal on the lower surface of the insulating substrate and the wiring conductor on the upper surface of the external circuit board are connected to the external circuit board on which the wiring conductor made of copper foil is formed on the surface of the insulating board at / ° C. In addition, the semiconductor device was mounted on the upper surface of the external circuit board by using a low-melting solder for heat treatment at 240 ° C. for 3 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere.
[0088]
The semiconductor device thus fabricated was subjected to the following temperature cycle test, and the connection reliability between the insulating substrate and the external circuit substrate and the connection of the adhesive resin were examined.
[0089]
Here, with respect to the semiconductor device described above, the electrical resistance between the wiring conductor of the external circuit board and the insulating substrate is measured before the temperature cycle test, and then the temperature cycle test is performed according to the following procedures [1] to [6]. Was done.
[0090]
[1] Using a −40 ° C. and 125 ° C. thermostat, the sample was first transferred from room temperature (25 ° C.) to a −40 ° C. thermostat and held for 10 to 15 minutes.
[0091]
[2] The sample was transferred to an atmosphere at room temperature (25 ° C.).
[0092]
[3] Within 1 minute from removal from the −40 ° C. constant temperature bath, the sample was transferred from the room temperature (25 ° C.) atmosphere to a 125 ° C. constant temperature bath and held for 10 to 15 minutes.
[0093]
[4] The sample was transferred to an atmosphere at room temperature (25 ° C.).
[0094]
[5] The sample was transferred from the atmosphere at room temperature (25 ° C.) to the −40 ° C. constant temperature bath within 1 minute after being removed from the 125 ° C. constant temperature bath.
[0095]
[6] The above [1] to [5] as one cycle, that is, room temperature (25 ° C.) → low temperature (−40 ° C.) → room temperature (25 ° C.) → high temperature (125 ° C.) → room temperature (25 ° C.) This cycle was repeated up to 1000 cycles.
[0096]
During the temperature cycle test, measure the electrical resistance between the wiring conductor of the external circuit board and the insulating substrate every 50 cycles, and continue until the electrical resistance is at least twice the value measured before the temperature cycle test. did. The number of cycles is shown in Table 2. Moreover, the connection state of the adhesive resin arrange | positioned on the outer side of the cover body was investigated. The results are also shown in Table 2.
[0097]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004422883
[0098]
As can be seen from Table 2, the coefficient of thermal expansion decreases in the order of the external circuit board, the insulating substrate, and the lid, the Young's modulus of the outer adhesive resin is less than 1 GPa, and the Young's modulus of the inner adhesive resin is 1 GPa or more. In the semiconductor device of the present invention which is a large case, that is, when the sample numbers are 5 to 7, 9, 10, 12 to 14, 20 to 22, 24, 25 and 27 to 29, the semiconductor is subjected to the temperature cycle test up to 1000 times. Cracks or the like did not occur in the connection terminals between the device and the external circuit board, no change in electrical resistance was observed, and extremely stable and good electrical connection was maintained. Moreover, the adhesion state of the adhesive resin for joining the lid and the insulating substrate was maintained well.
In contrast, the coefficient of thermal expansion decreases in the order of the external circuit board, the insulating board, and the lid, but when the Young's modulus of the outer adhesive resin and the Young's modulus of the inner adhesive resin are both as small as less than 1 GPa, that is, the sample When No is 4, 8, 11, 19, 23, or 26, there is no crack in the connection terminal in the temperature cycle test up to 1000 times, and there is no change in electrical resistance between the external circuit board and the insulating board. However, the overall strength of the adhesive resin for joining the lid and the insulating substrate is insufficient, and the outer adhesive resin tends to crack and easily peel off.
[0099]
Further, the thermal expansion coefficient decreases in the order of the external circuit board, the insulating substrate, and the lid, but when the Young's modulus of the outer adhesive resin is as large as 1 GPa or more and the Young's modulus of the inner adhesive resin is as large as 1 GPa or more, In sample Nos. 1, 3, 16, and 18, the adhesion of the adhesive resin that bonds the lid to the insulating substrate was maintained well, but cracks occurred in the connection terminals in less than 1000 cycles of the temperature cycle test. There was a tendency for the electrical resistance between the external circuit board to increase.
[0100]
The thermal expansion coefficient decreases in the order of the external circuit board, the insulating substrate, and the lid, but when the Young's modulus of the outer adhesive resin is as large as 1 GPa or more and the Young's modulus of the inner adhesive resin is as small as less than 1 GPa, that is, In sample Nos. 2 and 17, the adhesion state of the adhesive resin that bonds the lid to the insulating substrate was maintained well, but cracks occurred in the connection terminals in less than 1000 cycles of the temperature cycle test, and the insulating substrate and external circuit substrate There was a tendency for the electrical resistance to increase.
[0101]
Further, when the Young's modulus of the outer adhesive resin is as small as less than 1 GPa and the Young's modulus of the inner adhesive resin is as large as 1 GPa or more, the thermal expansion coefficient becomes smaller in the order of the external circuit board, the lid, and the insulating substrate. In sample No. 15, the adhesion of the adhesive resin that bonds the lid to the insulating substrate was maintained well, but cracks occurred in the connection terminals in less than 1000 temperature cycle tests, and the insulation substrate and the external circuit substrate There was a tendency for the electrical resistance to increase.
[0102]
【The invention's effect】
According to the semiconductor device of the present invention, the semiconductor element having the connection electrode is placed on the surface of the insulating substrate on which the metallized wiring layer is deposited, and the metallized wiring layer and the connection electrode of the semiconductor element are bonded. In addition, a flat lid body, which is attached to the surface of the insulating substrate so as to cover the semiconductor element and has a part thereof bonded to the upper surface of the semiconductor element via a heat conductive resin, and an insulating substrate A connection terminal provided on the back surface and electrically connected to the semiconductor element, and joining the metallized wiring layer on the lower surface of the insulating substrate and the connection conductor on the upper surface of the external circuit board via the connection terminal. In the semiconductor device mounted above, the thermal expansion coefficient decreases in the order of the external circuit board, the insulating board, and the lid, and the lid and the insulating board are attached by an adhesive resin having different Young's modulus, and Yang It is characterized in that the adhesive resin having a higher rate is located inside the lid body than the adhesive resin having a lower Young's modulus, and the thermal expansion coefficient decreases in the order of the external circuit board, the insulating board, and the lid body. By doing so, in the temperature cycle test, especially in the temperature lowering process, the lid, the insulating substrate and the external circuit board bend so that the lid side is convex, and the insulating substrate, the external circuit board and the lid are between The thermal stress due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient can be reduced.
[0103]
In addition, since the upper surface of the semiconductor element is bonded to the lid with a thermally conductive resin, the heat generated in the semiconductor element is effectively transferred to the lid side, so that the heat dissipation of the heat generated by the semiconductor element is reduced. Can be good.
[0104]
In addition, since the lid and the insulating substrate are attached by an adhesive resin having a different Young's modulus, and the adhesive resin having a higher Young's modulus is located inside the lid than the adhesive resin having a lower Young's modulus, In the process, the restraint of the insulating substrate by the lid can be reduced by the deformation of the adhesive resin having a low Young's modulus of the connection part. As a result, the insulating substrate bends so that the lid side is convex, and the insulating substrate and the external circuit substrate The thermal stress due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient can be reduced. Further, the bonding resin having a high Young's modulus reinforces the bonding between the lid and the insulating substrate, so that the mechanical strength of the bonding can be strengthened. Therefore, the thermal conductive resin does not peel off from the lid body, and the thermal connection between the semiconductor element and the lid body can be maintained and ensured, so that the heat dissipation is good and the lid body and the insulating substrate are joined. A semiconductor device with excellent long-term reliability can be obtained.
[0105]
Further, according to the semiconductor device of the present invention, when the lid is made of a sintered body of a composite material mainly composed of aluminum and silicon carbide, the density of the lid is ensured while ensuring the strength. Since the weight of the semiconductor device can be reduced and the connection terminal with the external circuit board can be prevented from being deformed by the weight of the semiconductor device, the mounting height can be prevented from being lowered. Since the connection terminal with the circuit board can be easily deformed in the mounting surface direction, the generated thermal stress can be reduced. As a result, the connection between the semiconductor device and the external circuit board is hardly broken, and the connection reliability between the insulating substrate and the external circuit board can be further improved.
[0106]
As described above, according to the present invention, when the temperature cycle test is performed, the connection terminal connecting the insulating substrate and the external circuit substrate is caused by the thermal stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the insulating substrate and the external circuit substrate. Thus, it is possible to provide a semiconductor device with good heat dissipation, in which the thermally conductive resin that adheres the semiconductor element and the lid does not peel from the lid.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIGS. 1A and 1B are a plan view and a cross-sectional view, respectively, showing an example of an embodiment of a semiconductor device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing another example of the embodiment of the semiconductor device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing another example of the embodiment of the semiconductor device of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a plan view showing another example of the embodiment of the semiconductor device of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a plan view showing another example of the embodiment of the semiconductor device of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a conventional semiconductor device.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of a conventional semiconductor device.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Insulated substrate
2: Semiconductor element
3: Lid
4a: Adhesive resin with low Young's modulus
4b: Adhesive resin with a large Young's modulus
5: Metallized wiring layer
6: Connection electrode
9: Thermally conductive resin
10: Connection terminal
11: External circuit board
12: Heat dissipation fin
A: Semiconductor device

Claims (2)

メタライズ配線層が被着形成された絶縁基板の表面に、接続用電極を備えた半導体素子を載置し、前記メタライズ配線層と前記半導体素子の接続用電極とを接合してなるとともに、前記半導体素子を覆うようにして前記絶縁基板表面に取着されかつその一部を前記半導体素子の上面に熱伝導性樹脂を介して接着してなる平板状の蓋体と、前記絶縁基板の裏面に設けられ前記半導体素子と電気的に接続された接続端子とを具備し、前記絶縁基板下面のメタライズ配線層と外部回路基板上面の接続用導体とを前記接続端子を介して接合することにより外部回路基板上に実装された半導体装置において、熱膨張係数が外部回路基板、絶縁基板、蓋体の順で小さくなるとともに、前記蓋体と前記絶縁基板とがヤング率の異なる接着樹脂により取着されており、かつヤング率の大きい接着樹脂がヤング率の小さい接着樹脂よりも前記蓋体の内側に位置していることを特徴とする半導体装置。A semiconductor element having a connection electrode is placed on the surface of the insulating substrate on which the metallized wiring layer is deposited, and the metallized wiring layer and the connection electrode of the semiconductor element are joined together, and the semiconductor A flat lid formed by attaching a part of the semiconductor element to the surface of the insulating substrate so as to cover the element and adhering a part thereof to the upper surface of the semiconductor element via a heat conductive resin, and a back surface of the insulating substrate. A connection terminal electrically connected to the semiconductor element, and connecting the metallized wiring layer on the lower surface of the insulating substrate and the connection conductor on the upper surface of the external circuit board via the connection terminal, thereby connecting the external circuit board. In the semiconductor device mounted above, the thermal expansion coefficient decreases in the order of the external circuit board, the insulating board, and the lid, and the lid and the insulating board are attached by an adhesive resin having a different Young's modulus. Cage, and a semiconductor device having a large adhesive resin Young's modulus and being located inside the lid than small adhesive resin having Young's modulus. 前記蓋体がアルミニウムと炭化珪素とを主成分とする複合材料の焼結体からなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の半導体装置。2. The semiconductor device according to claim 1, wherein the lid is made of a sintered body of a composite material mainly composed of aluminum and silicon carbide.
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