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JP4469433B2 - Curing material for dry spraying - Google Patents
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JP4469433B2 - Curing material for dry spraying - Google Patents

Curing material for dry spraying Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4469433B2
JP4469433B2 JP4640399A JP4640399A JP4469433B2 JP 4469433 B2 JP4469433 B2 JP 4469433B2 JP 4640399 A JP4640399 A JP 4640399A JP 4640399 A JP4640399 A JP 4640399A JP 4469433 B2 JP4469433 B2 JP 4469433B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
coal ash
cement
concrete
dry
aggregate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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JP4640399A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2000247718A (en
Inventor
健 澄川
直 斉藤
俊荘 飯島
敦夫 松田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc
Okumura Corp
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Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc
Okumura Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04Portland cements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00034Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
    • C04B2111/00146Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
    • C04B2111/00155Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite
    • C04B2111/00163Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite by the dry process
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、法面やトンネル壁面の覆工に用いられる乾式吹付用硬化材料に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から吹付けコンクリートとしては、ウエットミックスされたコンクリート材料やモルタル材料を使用する湿式吹付用コンクリートや、ドライミックスされたコンクリート材料やモルタル材料を使用する乾式吹付用コンクリートがある。
【0003】
湿式吹付用コンクリートは、ウエットミックスされたセメント、骨材、水等からなるコンクリート材料に吹付直前に急結材を添加することにより、トンネル壁面等に直接吹き付けて覆工を行っている。また、乾式吹付用コンクリートの場合は、ドライミックスされたセメント、骨材等からなるコンクリート材料に吹付直前に水と急結材を添加することにより、トンネル壁面等に吹き付けて覆工を行っている。
【0004】
この覆工によって吹き付けたコンクリートは、地山の亀裂を埋めると共に、大気中への暴露による地山の風化を防ぐために全体を被覆している。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、上記の乾式吹付用コンクリートは、湿式吹付用コンクリートに比べ壁面に吹き付けた時にリバウンドが大きいといった欠点を有していた。
【0006】
そこで、本願発明者は、乾式吹付用コンクリートとして使用されていた従来のセメントコンクリート中のセメントまたは細骨材の量を減らし、減じた分を他の代替材(石炭灰)で置換した乾式吹付用コンクリートであれば、リバウンドを低減できることを実験等で確認した。
【0007】
また、コスト面でみると、セメント、粗骨材は高価な材料であるのに対し、石炭灰は安価であることから、石炭灰を加えるとコンクリートは安価になる。
【0008】
本発明は、上記の事情に鑑みて成されたものであって、その目的とするところは、大量の石炭灰を所定の配合比で吹付けコンクリートに加えることによって、ある一定の性能(リバウンド量、強度等)を維持しつつ、安価に製造することができ、かつ産業廃棄物として処分されていた大量の石炭灰を有効利用できて環境破壊の防止にも役立てることができる乾式吹付用硬化材料を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記目的を有効に達成するために、次のような構成にしてある。すなわち、本発明の乾式吹付用硬化材料は、セメント、石炭灰、細骨材、粗骨材を含有してなる乾式吹付用硬化材料であって、細骨材と石炭灰との総和100容積部中に、石炭灰が30〜50容積部配合され空練されたセメントと石炭灰と細骨材と粗骨材からなり、吹付直前に、圧力水が添加されると共に、セメントと石炭灰の総和100重量部に対して3〜10重量部を占めるカルシウムアルミネート系急結剤が噴射・混合されるようにしている。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
本発明に係るの一例の乾式吹付用硬化材料は、セメント、細骨材、粗骨材、及び必要に応じてセメント混和材等からなるコンクリートあるいは、セメント、細骨材、必要に応じてセメント混和材等からなるモルタルである。また、本発明で使用するセメントとしては、特に限定されるものではなく、普通、早強、及び超早強等の各種ポルトランドセメントが使用可能である。尚、以下の説明では、上記のコンクリートとモルタルを総称してコンクリートと呼ぶことにする。
【0013】
本発明で使用する細骨材とは、最大粒径が5mm以下であり、通常、川砂、砕砂、海砂、及び山砂等の砂が使用されており、その粒度分布の範囲は土木学会コンクリート標準示方書によって規定されている。
【0014】
また、吹付けコンクリートは、吹付け機など各種の装置を通過するために、また、骨材のリバウンドによる危険性や吹付けコンクリートの付着性の面から、骨材の最大寸法が制限され、特に、粗骨材の最大寸法は、例えば15mm以下のものが使用されている。このことから、本発明で使用する粗骨材とは、最大粒径5mm以上の石であり、吹付けコンクリートにおいては、5〜15mmのものが好ましく、5〜13mmがより好ましい。粗骨材の使用量は特に限定されるものではないが、通常、コンクリート1m3 中、600〜700Kg/m3 である。
【0015】
また、本発明で使用する急結材は、水和活性が強く、例えばトンネルの吹付け材に関しては、例えば、約10秒前後のように、瞬時に急結させ、湧水のあるトンネルにおける吹付け作業性を改善することなどを可能にするものである。
【0016】
具体的には、カルシウムアルミネート系、焼成明パン系、及びアルミン酸ナトリウム系等があるが、吹付け直後の付着性、耐湧水性、及び吹付け用コンクリートの耐久性等の面で焼成明パン系やカルシウムアルミネート系急結材の使用が好ましい。
【0017】
急結材の使用量は、急結材の種類によって変化し、一義的には決定できないが、カルシウムアルミネート系急結材を使用する場合は、セメント+石炭灰100重量部に対して、3〜10重量部が好ましい。
【0018】
3重量部未満では吹付けコンクリートが付着不良となるばかりか、吹付け直後の吹付けコンクリートの剥落などが発生する場合があり、10重量部を越えて使用しても使用効果の向上はみられず、十分に地山との付着がとれずにはね返り減少を起こしてしまう。いわゆるリバウンド量が増加する場合がある。
【0019】
また、本発明に係る乾式吹付用硬化材料に石炭灰を配合する理由は、セメントに対する粘着性(粘性)を持たせることにより、モルタルのペーストが粗骨材に対し、接着材、クッション材として働き、食い込んだ粗骨材が落ちないようにし、リバウンドを低減するためである。
【0020】
石炭灰は、分級されたもの、分級されていない原粉のもの、或いはJIS規格のフライアッシュ、JIS規格以外のフライアッシュのいずれを用いてもよく、石炭灰の種類及び石炭灰に含有される化学成分の含有割合や物理特性は特に限定されるものではない。
【0021】
石炭灰、コンクリートの石炭灰とセメントの総和100容積部中、又は、石炭灰と細骨材の総和100容積部中、の何れかに、30〜50容積部含有させておけば、コンクリート中に大量の石炭灰を使用することができる
【0022】
本発明において、セメント、細骨材、及び粗骨材などの混合方法は、特に制限されるものではなく、全材料を混合する方法、個別の順番に混合する方法など、いずれの方法も可能である。また、混合・混練順序も特に限定されるものではないが、石炭灰はセメントと同時に混合することが石炭灰のコンクリート中の分散性を向上させる面から好ましい。
【0023】
【実施例】
以下、実施例に基づいて本発明をさらに説明する。
実施例1
表1に示すW/C60%、s/a60%、及び単位セメント量360Kg/m3 のコンクリート基本配合に対し、石炭灰を表2に示すように配合して吹付けコンクリートを調整した。
【0024】
空練したセメント、石炭灰、細骨材、粗骨材を吹付け後に投入し、圧縮空気によりノズルまで所定圧で圧送する。一方、水をノズルまでポンプ圧送し、吹きつける直前に、空練したものに圧力水を添加すると共に、粉末の急結材を噴霧することにより混合して壁面に吹付け、その際、発生するリバウンド率、及び吹付け後の強度を測定した。結果を表3、表4に示す。
【0025】
【表1】

Figure 0004469433
【0026】
【表2】
Figure 0004469433
【0027】
【表3】
Figure 0004469433
【0028】
【表4】
Figure 0004469433
【0029】
以上の結果により、細骨材と石炭灰との総和100容積部中に、石炭灰が30〜50容積部配合されて空練されたセメントと石炭灰と細骨材と粗骨材からなり、吹付直前に、圧力水が添加されると共に、セメントと石炭灰の総和100重量部に対して3〜10重量部を占めるカルシウムアルミネート系急結剤が噴射・混合されるようにした乾式吹付用硬化材料、即ち、「C配合」の乾式吹付硬化用材料は、大きなリバウンド低減効果があり、91日強度が優れていることがわかる。
【0030】
尚、乾式工法は、ドライミックスした材料を、ホース内を希薄流の状態で輸送し、ノズルにおいて別途ノズルより圧力水を添加して吹きつける方式である。練り上がりコンクリートを機械的またはそれに加えた空気圧力で圧送し、本発明に係る乾式吹付用硬化材料の乾式工法を図1に示す。
【0031】
【発明の効果】
このように本発明の乾式吹付用硬化材料(細骨材又は粗骨材を含有する乾式吹付用硬化材料)では、従来、産業廃棄物として処分されていた大量の石炭灰を、所定の配合比で吹付けコンクリートに加えて製造することによって、ある一定のリバウンド量、強度等の性能を得ることができると共に、コスト面でも従来の乾式吹付用コンクリートに比べ安価に製造することができる。また、産業廃棄物として処分されていた大量の石炭灰を有効利用するため、環境破壊の防止にも多いに貢献することができる。
【0032】
また、急結剤を添加することによって、一定のリバウンド量、強度等の性能を確実に得ることができる。
【0033】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る乾式吹付用硬化材料の乾式工法を示す説明図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a dry spray curing material used for lining a slope or a tunnel wall.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as spray concrete, there are wet spray concrete using wet-mixed concrete material and mortar material, and dry spray concrete using dry-mixed concrete material and mortar material.
[0003]
Wet spray concrete is directly blasted to the tunnel wall surface by adding a quick setting material to the concrete material consisting of wet mixed cement, aggregate, water, etc. just before spraying. In the case of dry spray concrete, by adding water and quick setting material to the concrete material consisting of dry-mixed cement, aggregate, etc., it is sprayed on the tunnel wall surface and so on. .
[0004]
The concrete sprayed by this lining covers the entire ground in order to fill cracks in the ground and prevent weathering of the ground due to exposure to the atmosphere.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-mentioned dry spray concrete has a drawback that rebound is large when sprayed onto a wall surface as compared with wet spray concrete.
[0006]
Therefore, the present inventor reduced the amount of cement or fine aggregate in the conventional cement concrete used as dry spray concrete, and replaced the reduced amount with another alternative material (coal ash). It was confirmed by experiments that rebound can be reduced if it is concrete.
[0007]
In terms of cost, cement and coarse aggregate are expensive materials, whereas coal ash is inexpensive, so adding coal ash makes concrete cheaper.
[0008]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the object thereof is to add a large amount of coal ash to the shotcrete at a predetermined blending ratio to achieve a certain performance (rebound amount). , Strength, etc.), and can be manufactured at low cost, and can effectively use a large amount of coal ash that has been disposed of as industrial waste, which can also help prevent environmental destruction. Is to provide.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to effectively achieve the above object, the present invention is configured as follows. That is, the dry spray curing material of the present invention is a dry spray curing material containing cement, coal ash, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate, and is a total of 100 parts by volume of the fine aggregate and coal ash. during the coal ash is 30-50 volume formulation consists Soraneri cement and coal ash and fine aggregate and coarse aggregate, immediately before spraying, the pressurized water is added, the cement and coal ash A calcium aluminate-based quick-setting agent occupying 3 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total is jetted and mixed.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described.
One example of the dry-type curing material according to the present invention is cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and concrete made of cement admixture as necessary, or cement, fine aggregate, cement admixture as necessary. A mortar made of wood. In addition, the cement used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and various portland cements such as normal, early strength, and super early strength can be used. In the following description, the above concrete and mortar are collectively referred to as concrete.
[0013]
The fine aggregate used in the present invention has a maximum particle size of 5 mm or less, and usually sand such as river sand, crushed sand, sea sand, and mountain sand is used. Defined by standard specifications.
[0014]
In addition, the maximum size of aggregate is limited because shotcrete passes through various devices such as sprayers, and because of the risk of rebound of aggregate and adhesion of shotcrete. The maximum size of the coarse aggregate is, for example, 15 mm or less. From this, the coarse aggregate used in the present invention is a stone having a maximum particle size of 5 mm or more, and in shotcrete, 5-15 mm is preferable, and 5-13 mm is more preferable. The amount of coarse aggregate is not particularly limited, but usually, in concrete 1 m 3, a 600~700Kg / m 3.
[0015]
In addition, the quick setting material used in the present invention has a strong hydration activity. For example, as for the spray material of the tunnel, for example, about 10 seconds, the quick setting material is instantly set and blown in the tunnel with spring water. This makes it possible to improve attachment workability.
[0016]
Specific examples include calcium aluminate, calcined light bread, and sodium aluminate, etc., but in terms of adhesion immediately after spraying, spring resistance, and durability of concrete for spraying, etc. The use of bread or calcium aluminate rapid setting materials is preferred.
[0017]
The amount of the quick setting material varies depending on the type of the quick setting material and cannot be uniquely determined. However, when using the calcium aluminate type quick setting material, 3 parts per 100 parts by weight of cement + coal ash is used. -10 parts by weight is preferred.
[0018]
If the amount is less than 3 parts by weight, the shotcrete will not only be poorly adhered, but the shotcrete may be peeled off immediately after spraying. Therefore, it will not be able to adhere to the ground sufficiently and will cause a rebound decrease. The so-called rebound amount may increase.
[0019]
In addition, the reason why the coal ash is blended in the dry spray curing material according to the present invention is that the mortar paste acts as an adhesive and a cushioning material on the coarse aggregate by giving the cement as sticky (viscous). This is to prevent the coarse aggregate that has entered from falling, and to reduce rebound.
[0020]
Coal ash may be classified, unclassified raw powder, JIS standard fly ash, or fly ash other than JIS standard, and may be included in the type of coal ash and coal ash. The content ratio and physical properties of the chemical component are not particularly limited.
[0021]
Coal ash, coal ash and total of 100 parts by volume of cement concrete, or, in sum 100 parts by volume of coal ash and fine aggregate, to any of your fluff be contained 30-50 volume, concrete A large amount of coal ash can be used inside.
[0022]
In the present invention, the mixing method of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, etc. is not particularly limited, and any method such as a method of mixing all materials or a method of mixing in individual order is possible. is there. The order of mixing and kneading is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that coal ash is mixed simultaneously with cement from the viewpoint of improving the dispersibility of coal ash in concrete.
[0023]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described based on examples.
Example 1
Shot concrete was prepared by blending coal ash as shown in Table 2 with respect to the concrete basic blend of W / C 60%, s / a 60% and unit cement amount 360 Kg / m 3 shown in Table 1.
[0024]
Crushed cement, coal ash, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate are injected after spraying, and pumped to the nozzle with compressed air at a predetermined pressure. On the other hand, water is pumped to the nozzle and immediately before spraying, pressure water is added to the air-kneaded material and mixed by spraying a powder quick-setting material and sprayed onto the wall surface. The rebound rate and the strength after spraying were measured. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
[0025]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004469433
[0026]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004469433
[0027]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004469433
[0028]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004469433
[0029]
From the above results, in total 100 volume of the fine aggregate and the coal ash consists coal ash is 30 to 50 volume blended air mixing cement and coal ash and fine aggregate and coarse aggregate, Immediately before spraying, pressure water is added, and calcium aluminate quick-setting agent occupying 3 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of cement and coal ash is sprayed and mixed. curable material, i.e., a dry spray curing material "C formulation", it is large kina rebound reducing effect, it can be seen that 91 days strength is excellent.
[0030]
The dry construction method is a method in which the dry mixed material is transported in a dilute flow through the hose and is sprayed by adding pressure water separately from the nozzle. FIG. 1 shows a dry construction method of a hardened material for dry spraying according to the present invention by pumping the kneaded concrete mechanically or by air pressure applied thereto.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
Thus, in the dry spray curing material of the present invention (dry spray curing material containing fine aggregate or coarse aggregate), a large amount of coal ash that has been conventionally disposed of as industrial waste, In addition to the shotcrete, it is possible to obtain performance such as a certain amount of rebound, strength and the like, and in terms of cost, it can also be produced at a lower cost than the conventional dry-type shotcrete. In addition, since a large amount of coal ash that has been disposed of as industrial waste is effectively used, it can greatly contribute to prevention of environmental destruction.
[0032]
Further, by adding the quick setting agent, certain performance such as rebound amount and strength can be obtained with certainty.
[0033]
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a dry method of a dry spray curing material according to the present invention.

Claims (1)

セメント、石炭灰、細骨材、粗骨材を含有してなる乾式吹付用硬化材料であって、
細骨材と石炭灰との総和100容積部中に、石炭灰が30〜50容積部配合されて空練されたセメントと石炭灰と細骨材と粗骨材からなり、吹付直前に、圧力水が添加されると共に、セメントと石炭灰の総和100重量部に対して3〜10重量部を占めるカルシウムアルミネート系急結剤が噴射・混合されることを特徴とする乾式吹付用硬化材料。
A hard material for dry spraying containing cement, coal ash, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate,
The total of 100 parts by volume of the fine aggregate and the coal ash, coal ash is 30-50 volume formulation consists air mixing cement and coal ash and fine aggregate and coarse aggregate, immediately before spraying, the pressure A dry-type curing material for spraying, wherein water is added and a calcium aluminate-based quick-setting agent occupying 3 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the sum of cement and coal ash is injected and mixed.
JP4640399A 1999-02-24 1999-02-24 Curing material for dry spraying Expired - Lifetime JP4469433B2 (en)

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JP4469433B2 true JP4469433B2 (en) 2010-05-26

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4679935B2 (en) * 2005-03-10 2011-05-11 九州電力株式会社 Chip mix
JP5888847B2 (en) * 2010-10-29 2016-03-22 デンカ株式会社 Spraying material and spraying method using the same

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