JP4679935B2 - Chip mix - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a chip-based mixture having a composition capable of using a large amount of both wood chips and coal ash to make a new functional material utilizing the features of these wood chips and coal ash.

  Driftwood drifting in the dam lake and pruned trees generated by maintenance in the dam facility are a considerable amount, and effective use of this kind of waste material is required. As a technique capable of utilizing such waste materials, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, wood is chipped and mixed into concrete, thereby forming a plant vegetation base, “Concrete and concrete vegetation method” It has been known.

On the other hand, a large amount of coal ash is generated as waste in thermal power plants and the like. Coal ash is classified, and those with small diameters are used in various ways as fly ash, but those with large diameters are often non-spherical in shape, so the development of technology for effective use is hoped for. It is rare. Regardless of whether it is classified or not, as a technology that can effectively use coal ash, for example, Patent Document 2 discloses “wet spraying concrete” in which coal ash is blended at a specific ratio with respect to cement. It has been.
Japanese Patent No. 29852568 JP 2000-247715 A

  By the way, the said patent document is related with the technique which mixes a wood chip | tip and coal ash with cement separately, respectively, and does not use both simultaneously. Therefore, in an electric power company or the like in which both of them are regularly generated in various owned facilities, a technology that can use a large amount of both materials at once is also required from the viewpoint of effective use of resources. In order to promote further efficient utilization of these wood chips and coal ash, the inventor of the present application has used a large amount of both of them as a result of intensive research, mixed cement as a solidification aid, The present inventors have found a formulation that can be used as a functional material, thereby completing the present invention.

  The present invention was devised in view of the above-described conventional problems, and uses both a large amount of wood chips and coal ash, and a novel functional material utilizing the features of these wood chips and coal ash. It is an object of the present invention to provide a chip-based mixture having a formulation that can be used.

More specifically, the feature of the present invention is that it provides a chip-based mixture that has a herbicidal and aesthetic appearance as a covering material for the ground and the like, satisfies the workability, and can use a large amount of wood chips and coal ash. , Wood chip, coal ash, water, cement, the proportion of each constituent material is determined. On the other hand, Patent Document 1 is a vegetation base and does not have the herbicidal property as in the present invention. Further, Patent Document 2 does not have aesthetics due to the appearance of the chip shape on the surface. Furthermore, even if the technologies disclosed in both documents are combined, because it does not have the following specific formulation as in the present invention, on the premise of a large amount of wood chips and coal ash, herbicidal, aesthetic, Workability cannot be achieved at the same time.

The chip-based mixture according to the present invention is a chip-based mixture composed of a powder composed of cement and non-self-hardening coal ash, water, and wood chips, and the amount of non-self-hardening coal ash with respect to the amount of powder. The water powder ratio of the paste consisting of the powder and the water is set to 20 to 60% by weight so that the paste flow value is 150 to 300 mm, and the amount of the paste added is the volume ratio with respect to the wood chips. It is characterized by being 0.25 to 0.6. The non-self- hardening coal ash of the present invention is coal ash that does not harden even when water is added, and is generally generated in a pulverized coal combustion type thermal power plant or the like.

  Further, the chip-based mixture according to the present invention is a chip-based mixture composed of a powder composed of cement and self-hardening coal ash, water, and wood chips, and the amount of self-hardening coal ash with respect to the amount of powder. The water powder ratio of the paste made of the powder and the water is set to 20 to 100% by weight so that the paste flow value is 150 to 270 mm, and the amount of the paste added is the volume ratio with respect to the wood chips. It is characterized by being 0.25 to 0.6. The self-hardening coal ash of the present invention is coal ash that becomes self-supporting and hardens when water is added, and is generally generated in a pressurized fluidized bed combustion type thermal power plant or the like.

  A coloring pigment is added to the powder in an amount of 1 to 3% by weight based on the amount of the powder.

  In the chip-type mixture according to the present invention, a new functional material utilizing the characteristics of these wood chips and coal ash can be obtained by using a large amount of both wood chips and coal ash.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the chip-based mixture according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. When the coal ash is non-self-hardening, the chip-type mixture according to the present embodiment is basically a chip-type mixture made of cement and non-self-hardening coal ash, water, and wood chips. The non-self-hardening coal ash amount is 20 to 60% by weight with respect to the powder amount, and the water powder ratio of the paste composed of the powder and water is set so that the paste flow value is 150 to 300 mm. And the addition amount of the said paste was made into 0.25-0.6 by the volume ratio with respect to a wood chip.

  In addition, when the coal ash is self-hardening, it is a chip-based mixture made of powder composed of cement and self-hardening coal ash, water, and wood chips, and the amount of self-hardening coal ash with respect to the amount of powder. The water-powder ratio of the paste consisting of the powder and water is set to 20 to 100% by weight so that the paste flow value is 150 to 270 mm, and the added amount of the paste is 0 as the volume ratio with respect to the wood chips. .25 to 0.6.

  Further, if necessary, a coloring pigment is added to the powder in an amount of 1 to 3% by weight based on the amount of the powder.

  The chip-based mixture according to the present embodiment is a novel functional material, from the viewpoint of use as a covering material such as a slope or a sidewalk, from the viewpoint of herbicidal properties capable of suppressing the growth of plants, aesthetics as a covering material, and also While paying attention to durability and workability, the formulation has been studied so that as much wood chips and coal ash as possible can be mixed.

  The powder consists of cement and coal ash. The paste is prepared by adding water to the powder and kneading. The water / powder ratio W / P refers to the weight ratio of (water / powder), the kneaded volume ratio pv refers to the volume ratio of (paste / wood chips), and the substitution rate is the ratio of coal ash to cement. It is a substitution and refers to the weight ratio of (coal ash / powder).

(1) About the amount of paste First, the amount of paste created by adding water to cement and coal ash powder will be described in relation to the amount of wood chips. When wood chips are mixed into the paste, the paste becomes a coating material for the wood chips, and functions such as bonding the wood chips to each other and preventing the corrosion of the wood chips. Since wood chips are related to aesthetics, the amount of paste is preferably small in order to make the coating so that the shape of the wood chips appears so that the wood chips can be visually recognized. On the other hand, in order to prevent aerobic corrosion of wood chips, it is desirable that the amount of paste is large so that all the wood chips can be covered evenly. In addition, from the viewpoint of securing strength such as herbicidal properties, a sufficient amount of paste that can reliably bond wood chips to each other is required.

  FIG. 1 shows the substitution rate of coal ash when the water powder ratio W / P is 40% by weight and the mixing volume ratio pv of paste to wood chips is 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3. The relationship with 4 week hardness is shown. Hardness is known as “Yamanaka-type soil hardness test method” and is an index representing the density of soil, and the larger the value, the higher the density. When the kneading volume ratio pv was 0.2, the 4-week hardness was less than 10 mm, it did not solidify sufficiently, and it was in a state of falling apart simply by lightly pressing with a finger. This was the same result even when the water powder ratio and the coal ash substitution rate were variously changed. On the other hand, when the kneading volume ratio pv is 0.25, the 4-week hardness is found to exceed 30 mm, which is a value that inhibits the growth of crop roots by measuring with a soil hardness meter within the range of the appropriate coal ash replacement rate. It was found that the mixing volume ratio pv is preferably set to 0.25 or more.

  On the other hand, if the kneading volume ratio pv exceeds 0.6, that is, if the amount of paste is excessive, there is no problem in strength, but the wood chip is covered with a large amount of paste, and it has entered the paste, It was confirmed that the form becomes difficult to appear. When the surface of the chip mixture is compared and observed at each kneading volume ratio, pv 0.6 is the limit that the chip shape can be visually recognized on the surface of the chip mixture. Preferably pv is 0.5 or less. Therefore, the paste is preferably set so that the kneading volume ratio pv is 0.25 to 0.6 in relation to the amount of wood chips added.

(2) Paste Strength FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the 4-week strength mixed with wood chips and the 4-week strength of the paste alone with respect to the kneading volume ratio pv described above. From the viewpoint of herbicidal properties, the above-mentioned soil hardness meter reading of 30 mm is a guide. When the correlation between the uniaxial compressive strength and the soil hardness meter reading is taken, the 4-week strength corresponding to a hardness of 30 mm is approximately 0.2 N / mm ² . If the paste strength is constant, the greater the kneading volume ratio pv, that is, the greater the amount of paste, the higher the 4-week strength. As shown in FIG. 2, when the mixing volume ratio pv is set to 0.25 to 0.6, in order to satisfy the 4-week strength of 0.2 N / mm ² , the 4-week strength of the paste is at least It can be seen that 20 N / mm ² is necessary. A strength of up to 20 N / mm ² is guaranteed by the following substitution rate setting.

(3) About the coal ash substitution rate and paste flow value in paste In this embodiment, the thing of a pulverized coal furnace is illustrated as a non-self-hardening coal ash, and the thing of a fluidized bed furnace is illustrated as self-hardening coal ash. Yes. The paste flow value is based on the flow test specified in JIS R 5201 “Physical test method for cement”.

First, the coal ash of the pulverized coal furnace that does not have self-hardness will be described. FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the paste flow value of the paste and the 4-week strength with respect to the coal ash substitution rate with respect to the water powder ratio W / P. Regardless of the water powder ratio W / P, when the substitution rate is increased, that is, when the amount of coal ash used is increased, the fluidity is increased and the paste flow value is high (FIG. 3 (a)). On the other hand, the strength decreases (see FIG. 3B). Therefore, when the substitution rate is decreased, the strength increases while the paste flow value tends to decrease. That is, coal ash affects the fluidity and strength of the paste. In order to secure the above-described required strength of 20 N / mm ² , it is not preferable that the substitution rate exceeds 60% as is apparent from FIG. On the other hand, if the substitution rate is set lower than 20%, the effect of improving the fluidity is small, and particularly the amount of coal ash used is reduced, which is not preferable. Therefore, from the viewpoint of the coal ash replacement rate, it is desirable to set this to 20 to 60%.

  From the viewpoint of the paste flow value, it is said that the lower limit value of the paste flow value necessary for practical use is generally 150 mm. If it is smaller than 150 mm, the fluidity is poor, and therefore there is a high possibility of clogging when pumping, and particularly when mixing with wood chips as in this embodiment, time and labor are required. Conceivable. On the other hand, the state where the paste flow value exceeds 300 mm is a state where the water powder ratio W / P is large and the substitution rate is also large (see α in FIG. 3), and it is difficult to ensure the required strength. Since the water powder ratio W / P is high, it is considered that there is a possibility of causing material separation. Therefore, it is preferable to set the water powder ratio W / P so that the paste flow value is 150 to 300 mm.

  Next, the coal ash of a fluidized bed furnace having self-hardening by using a fluid medium such as lime will be described.

FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the paste flow value of the paste and the 4-week strength with respect to the coal ash replacement rate with respect to the water powder ratio W / P, as in FIG. Regardless of the water powder ratio W / P, when the substitution rate is increased, the fluidity is slightly increased and the paste flow value is high (see FIG. 4A), while the strength is decreased. (Refer to FIG. 4 (b)). Accordingly, when the substitution rate is lowered, the strength increases, but the paste flow value tends to decrease. This is the case with the non-self-hardening coal ash. It is the same. From the standpoint of securing the required strength of 20 N / mm ² , the coal ash itself has self-hardness, so that only the coal ash, that is, the substitution rate may be 100%. On the other hand, the lower limit is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 20% or more from the viewpoint of a large amount of coal ash used, as in the case of non-self-hardening coal ash. Moreover, if the effect of improving fluidity is also taken into consideration, it is more preferably set to 40% or more. Therefore, from the viewpoint of the coal ash substitution rate, it is desirable to set this to 20 to 100%.

  From the viewpoint of paste flow value, the lower limit value is preferably 150 mm or more, like non-self-hardening coal ash. On the other hand, the state where the paste flow value exceeds 270 mm is a state where the water powder ratio W / P is large and the substitution rate is also large (see β in FIG. 4), which is similar to the non-self-hardening coal ash. In addition, it is difficult to ensure the required strength, and the water / powder ratio W / P is high, which may cause material separation. Therefore, it is preferable to set the water powder ratio W / P so that the paste flow value is 150 to 270 mm.

(4) About particle size of wood chip FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the substitution rate of coal ash and the 4-week hardness with respect to the particle size of the wood chip. As can be understood from this graph, it is considered that the smaller the particle size of the wood chip, the more advantageous the hardness is.

  Further examination shows that the particle size of the wood chip is also related to the aesthetics, and in order to visually recognize the shape of the wood chip, the particle size of each wood chip is preferably large. However, in the case of wood chips having a large particle size, the gap between the wood chips is large, and it is difficult to obtain a dense state in which the wood chips are in contact with each other, and the amount of deformation is large because the wood chips themselves are large. As a result, it is considered that the hardness is reduced.

  On the other hand, when the particle size is small, the shape of the wood chip is difficult to appear on the appearance, and not only that, the total surface area of the whole wood chip becomes large and becomes excessively dense, reducing the voids, and as a chip-based mixture When it is considered as a covering material for sidewalks or the like, it can be a factor that easily absorbs rainwater and impedes its permeability. Regarding the particle size, after determining the composition of the wood chips based on the above-mentioned water powder ratio W / P, the kneading volume ratio pv, the coal ash substitution rate, and the paste flow value, It is preferable to mix and verify the soil hardness and rainwater permeability. According to the knowledge of the present inventor, the use of wood chips that have passed through a 20 mm mesh sieve in the above-mentioned range of blending can ensure the required strength, and thus have herbicidal properties, and pass through a 2 mm mesh sieve. By making the volume ratio of the whole wood chip to 10% or less, it is possible to obtain a chip-based mixture that appears to be visible and has excellent aesthetics, good rainwater permeability, and excellent workability. did it.

(5) Coloring Table 1 shows the hardness of the chip-type mixture according to this embodiment when colored with a coloring pigment. Even when driftwood or pruned wood is used as the wood chip, a hardness comparable to that of the uncolored one is obtained. The coloring was good. When used in concrete, the pigment is greatly affected by the color of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. However, in this embodiment, the pigment is used for the light paste that wraps around the wood chips. Although there are some differences depending on the color of the pigment, the amount of pigment used was generally 1 to 3% in terms of the weight ratio to the powder. In the case of concrete, a low addition rate is required compared to the standard amount of pigment used is 5% of the amount of cement.

  When the chip-type mixture according to the present embodiment is sprayed on the slope, the shape of the wood chip that is uniformly coated with the paste can be visually recognized over the entire sprayed surface, coupled with the impression imprinted by this, I was able to get an aesthetic that harmonized with nature.

  The chip-based mixture according to the present embodiment described above is exemplified as a new functional material used for covering a slope or a sidewalk. While suppressing the amount of cement by a specific composition, the wood chip And a large amount of coal ash can be used to obtain a chip-based mixture that ensures the strength and soil hardness while taking advantage of these wood chips and coal ash, such as aesthetics, fluidity, and water permeability. did it. As a result, the plant does not take root on the coating surface, and the possibility of the plant growing from under the coating is low, while ensuring the excellent herbicidal property and ensuring the permeability of rainwater. Moreover, the shape of the wood chip can be visually recognized evenly on the coated surface, and it is excellent in aesthetics. Furthermore, by covering the whole wood chip uniformly, it is excellent in preventing the corrosion of the wood chip. Durability can be secured, and further, good workability can be obtained, and excellent workability can be secured.

In order to explain the composition of the chip-based mixture according to the present invention, the coal ash in the case where the water powder ratio W / P is 40 and the mixing volume ratio pv is 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 It is a graph which shows the relationship between a substitution rate and 4-week hardness. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the 4-week intensity | strength which mixed the wood chip | tip, and the 4-week intensity | strength of a paste single-piece | unit regarding the mixing volume ratio pv, in order to demonstrate the mixing | blending of the chip-type mixture concerning this invention. In order to explain the blending of the chip-based mixture according to the present invention, regarding the water powder ratio W / P in the case of non-self-hardening coal ash, the relationship between the paste flow value of the paste and the 4-week strength with respect to the coal ash substitution rate It is explanatory drawing shown. In order to explain the composition of the chip-based mixture according to the present invention, the water powder ratio W / P in the case of self-hardening coal ash is shown by the relationship between the paste flow value of the paste and the 4-week strength with respect to the coal ash substitution rate. It is explanatory drawing. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the substitution rate of coal ash, and a 4-week hardness regarding the particle size of a wood chip | tip in order to demonstrate the mixing | blending of the chip-type mixture concerning this invention.

Claims (3)

A chip-based mixture composed of powder composed of cement and non-self-hardening coal ash, water, and wood chips,
The non-self-hardening coal ash amount is 20 to 60% by weight with respect to the powder amount,
The water powder ratio of the paste consisting of the powder and the water is set so that the paste flow value is 150 to 300 mm,
A chip-based mixture, wherein the amount of the paste added is 0.25 to 0.6 in volume ratio to the wood chips. A chip-based mixture composed of powder composed of cement and self-hardening coal ash, water, and wood chips,
The amount of self-hardening coal ash is 20 to 100% by weight with respect to the amount of powder,
The water powder ratio of the paste consisting of the powder and the water is set so that the paste flow value is 150 to 270 mm,
A chip-based mixture, wherein the amount of the paste added is 0.25 to 0.6 in volume ratio to the wood chips.   The chip-based mixture according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a coloring pigment is added to the powder in an amount of 1 to 3% by weight based on the amount of the powder.

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