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JP4501348B2 - Method for producing aqueous resin dispersion and use thereof - Google Patents
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JP4501348B2 - Method for producing aqueous resin dispersion and use thereof - Google Patents

Method for producing aqueous resin dispersion and use thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4501348B2
JP4501348B2 JP2003052172A JP2003052172A JP4501348B2 JP 4501348 B2 JP4501348 B2 JP 4501348B2 JP 2003052172 A JP2003052172 A JP 2003052172A JP 2003052172 A JP2003052172 A JP 2003052172A JP 4501348 B2 JP4501348 B2 JP 4501348B2
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Prior art keywords
dispersion
viscosity
resin
water
aqueous resin
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JP2004256775A (en
Inventor
泰則 山下
由紀 金子
友厚 北村
立彬 王
盛一 桑原
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Artience Co Ltd
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Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は水性樹脂分散体の製造方法に関する。また、この製造方法で得られる水性樹脂分散体、及び金属素材被覆用組成物、特に貯蔵安定性に優れた塗料や、厚塗りや高温短時間焼付け塗装性に優れた水性塗料、缶用塗料に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
安定なW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体の製造方法としては、乳化剤を用いる方法が一般的である。特許文献1では、アルキル変性カルボキシビニルポリマーを用いてW/O型を外水相に分散する方法を開示されている。特許文献2では分子量400〜2万のポリエチレングリコール誘導体を用いる方法、特許文献3では高級脂肪族有機アミン、高級アルコール、低級アルキレンオキサイド付加物を用いる方法、特許文献4では分子内にスルホン基及び/またはカルボキシル基を有する多糖類を内水相に含有する方法を、特許文献5では内水相と外水相に特定の親水性乳化剤、油相中に特定の親油性乳化剤を用いる方法を、特許文献6では水溶性ポリマーとサポニンを用いる方法が開示されている。
【0003】
しかしながら乳化剤を用いる方法で得られた水性樹脂分散体を金属素材の被覆に用いる場合は、耐水性の劣化があり実用的に用いることができない。
また、機械的にW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体を得る方法としては、ホモジナイザー、ディスパーを用いるものが一般的である。例えば、特許文献7では3500rpmの「ホモゲナイザー」分散や、ミキサーの速度を100〜5000rpmで、乳化剤も用いて分散することも開示されている。
【0004】
別の分散方法として特許文献8では、均一な孔径を有する多孔質膜に、W/O型分散体を通す方法が開示されている。また、特許文献9では一定方向に流れる水相に、W/O型分散体を滴下して調製する方法が開示されている。
しかしながら、いずれの方法もW/O型分散体の粘度が少し高くなると使えないという問題があった。
【0005】
特許文献10では振動型の攪拌機を用いる方法が、特許文献11ではその振動型攪拌機が開示されている。この攪拌機であってもW/O型分散体の粘度が400Pa・s以上になると分散させることができないという不具合があった。また、一般に、高粘度になるにつれて微細化分散処理時の発熱量が大きくなるが、この攪拌機では中心軸付近で発生した熱を除去することが難しく、特に規模が大きい装置では困難度が増すという問題があった。
したがって、従来においては高粘度樹脂溶液を用いてW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体を得る方法は行われてこなかった。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開平11−33391号公報
【特許文献2】
特開2001−131056号公報
【特許文献3】
特開2001−139459号公報
【特許文献4】
特開2001−151938号公報
【特許文献5】
特開2001−25360号公報
【特許文献6】
特開2002−191960号公報
【特許文献7】
特開2002−20269号公報
【特許文献8】
特開2001−179077号公報
【特許文献9】
特開2002−234833号公報
【特許文献10】
特開平11−349688号公報
【特許文献11】
特開平11−169967号公報
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
発明者らの目的は、極性基を必須成分とし、100℃における粘度が500Pa・s以上の高粘度樹脂溶液(E)から、比較的低い動力を用いて安定な平均粒子径1μm以下のW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体を効果的に得ることである。
【0008】
第一に重要な点は、極性基を必須成分とし、100℃における粘度が500Pa・s以上の高粘度樹脂溶液(E)から、いかにして平均粒子径1μm以下の水性樹脂分散体を得るか、である。
【0009】
一般に、液体中の液滴を微細化するためには転相点近傍で液滴に高剪断力をかければ良いことは公知であるが、転相点を過ぎた水性樹脂分散体についてはもはや再分散による微細化は不可能であると考えられてきた。
そのために、転相点一点において強力な剪断力をかける事にこだわったために、高粘度樹脂溶液においては莫大な動力が必要になるだけでなく発熱が制御できなくなるという問題点をもっていた。特に分子構造が複雑になる転相点近傍及びW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体形成時期における温度制御は深刻な問題であった。
【0010】
第二に重要な点は、いかにして安定な平均粒子径1μm以下のW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体を得るかである。
W/O型分散体は水性樹脂分散体を得る過程でよく経験していることであり公知であったが、油相の粘度が低い場合は転相工程中に内水相がW/O粒子外に出て外水相に合一し易く、W/O型分散体へ単純に水を添加して転相させてもW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体になるとは限らなかった。
【0011】
剪断速度は一般に速度勾配とも呼ばれ、(速度差)/(距離)で定義されている。しかしながら、この値は、系全体において一様とは言えないために、代表値としてどのような値を用いるかは必ずしも明確とは言えず、複雑な計算方法も多い。したがって、本発明においては、なるべく簡単に計算できる方法を用いるべきだと考え、回転している攪拌翼やローターのピンの周速値を容器壁面とのクリアランスで除した値を用いる。
すなわち、本発明において、
(剪断速度〔/秒〕)=(回転体の周速〔m/秒〕)/(回転体と容器壁面とのクリアランス〔m〕)
とする。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは鋭意検討を重ねた結果、以下の解決策を得た。
すなわち、本発明の第1の発明は、
50/秒以上1000/秒未満の剪断速度下で、
重量平均分子量1万以上で酸価50〜500のアクリル樹脂(A)と、重量平均分子量1万以上のエポキシ樹脂(B)を、アミン類(C)を用いて有機溶剤(D)中で反応させて得られる極性基を有し、100℃における粘度が500Pa・s以上である高粘度樹脂溶液(E)、
または重量平均分子量1万以上のエポキシ樹脂(B)を有機溶剤(D)で溶解した溶液中に、極性基をもつアクリルモノマーを含む共重合性アクリルモノマー類と重合開始剤を滴下し、グラフト反応させた後、アミン類(C)を添加して部分中和して得られる極性基を有し、100℃における粘度が500Pa・s以上である高粘度樹脂溶液(E)、
に水(F)を添加・分散してW/O型分散体(H)を得た後、
10/秒以上200/秒未満の剪断速度下でW/O型分散体(H)に水(I)を添加し、転相させたW/O/W型の水性樹脂分散体(J)を得、
次に、500/秒以上の剪断速度下でW/O/W型の水性樹脂分散体(J)を分散させることにより1μm以下の平均粒子径にするW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体の製造方法である。
【0015】
の発明は、有機溶剤(D)の70重量%以上が水と完全に相溶する有機溶剤であることを特徴とする第1発明に記載のW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体の製造方法である。
【0017】
【発明の実施の態様】
本発明で用いられる高粘度樹脂溶液(E)とは、極性基を有し、100℃における粘度が500Pa・s以上である高粘度樹脂溶液である。高粘度樹脂溶液(E)において用いられる樹脂としては、天然の高分子樹脂の他、アクリル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、アミノ樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、珪素樹脂などの合成高分子が挙げられる。上記の樹脂を混合した樹脂や、グラフト反応や縮合反応などにより部分的に結合した部位を持つ樹脂も含まれる。
【0018】
高粘度樹脂溶液(E)の樹脂における必須成分である極性基の例としては、カルボキシル基、スルホン酸基、水酸基、エーテル基などが挙げることができる。(E)の樹脂がアクリル樹脂であれば、アクリル酸やメタクリル酸などのカルボン酸を含むモノマーを重合することによって極性基が樹脂中に導入できる。ポリエステル樹脂やポリウレタン樹脂であれば、水酸基やカルボキシル基は官能基を二つ以上持つモノマー、たとえば、エチレングリコール、1,4−ブタンジオール、トリメチロールプロパンなどのポリグリコールや、アジピン酸、アゼライン酸、フタル酸などやその無水物、トリメリット酸およびその無水物を原料に用いれば良いし、水酸基に上記のような二塩基酸を作用させても良い。
【0019】
極性基は、種類・目的により適切な量が異なるが、カルボキシル基であれば、樹脂全体に対する酸価が10〜300程度の場合に良好に使用できる。
【0020】
(E)の樹脂は、塗料とした際に加工性などの高度な塗膜物性を保持する観点から、重量平均分子量が1万以上であることが好ましい。これは樹脂の重合の際に、重合開始剤の量と反応温度を選択することにより得られる。
【0021】
尚、本発明において、樹脂の分子量は基本的にGPCで測定したスチレン換算の重量平均分子量が用いられる。本発明で扱う高分子の領域では数平均分子量は低分子領域の僅かなベースラインの凹凸で数値に誤差を生じやすいためである。数平均分子量は場合により参考値を示す。
【0022】
スチレン換算を用いるのは化合物の極性の違いによる誤差などの懸念はあるものの、業界ですでに広く用いられ、共通の認識が得られていると考えられるためである。分子量標準のスチレンも市販されているので、特にGPC測定条件を述べる必要がない状況になっていると判断できる。
【0023】
また、(E)の樹脂の酸価は50〜500mgKOH/gの範囲が好ましい。酸価の調節はアクリル酸、メタクリル酸などのカルボキシル基と、炭素・炭素二重結合を持つモノマーの組成比を調整して得ることができる。
【0024】
(E)で用いられる樹脂としてはアクリル樹脂(A)が好ましい。これは、上記カルボン酸を含むモノマーと、その他の共重合性アクリルモノマー類との混合物を、アゾビスイソブチロニトリルや過酸化ベンゾイルなどのラジカル重合開始剤を用いて、70〜150℃の温度で共重合させることにより得られる。(A)は、重量平均分子量が1万以上であることが好ましい。
【0025】
上記の共重合性アクリルモノマー類としては、アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸ブチル、アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシルなどのアクリル酸エステル類、メタクリル酸メチルなどのメタクリル酸エステル類、スチレン、アルファメチルスチレン、などのフェニル核を持つモノマー、アクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル、メタクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル、N−メチロール(メタ)アクリルアミドなどの水酸基含有のモノマー、N−メトキシメチル(メタ)アクリルアミドなどのN−置換アルコキシル基含有のモノマー、その他アクリロニトリルやグリシジル基含有モノマーなど多くのモノマーが使用でき、1種、又は2種以上の組み合わせを選択することができる。
【0026】
本発明においては、ビスフェノールAやビスフェノールFなどの二官能フェノールとエピクロルヒドリンをアルカリ触媒のもとで反応させ、高分子量化することによって、末端にグリシジル基を持つエポキシ樹脂(B)を得ることができる。末端のグリシジル基にフェノール性水酸基やアルコールや脂肪酸などを反応させれば、グリシジル基の量を調節できる。フェノール類を反応させ、両末端が実質的に完全にフェノール性水酸基になったものをフェノキシ樹脂と呼ぶが、フェノキシ樹脂の名称の製品群の中にも意識的にグリシジル基を一部残しているものもあり区別はかならずしも明確ではない。エポキシ樹脂(B)の重量平均分子量は1万以上が好ましい。
【0027】
エポキシ樹脂(B)として代表的な市販品をいくつか例示する。
ジャパンエポキシレジン(株)ではビスフェノールAを原料とした、エピコート1009、エピコート1010やビスフェノールFを原料としたエピコート4010Pなどがあり、フェノキシ樹脂としてはエピコート4250やエピコート1256がある。
【0028】
東都化成(株)製ではビスフェノールAを原料としたエポトートYD−019、エポトートYD−7019、エポトートYD−7020などがあり、フェノキシ樹脂としてはフェノトートYP−50やフェノトートYP−70などがある。
【0029】
本発明で用いられるアミン類(C)としては、アンモニアと、トリエチルアミンなどのアルキルアミン類、2−ジメチルアミノエタノールのようなアルコールアミン類やエチレンジアミンのような多価アミンやモルホリン、ピリジンなどが挙げられる。アミン類(C)は、アクリル樹脂(A)とエポキシ樹脂(B)との反応触媒として使用され、また、水性樹脂分散体を形成する極性基と対イオンとなり、水性樹脂分散体を安定化させ、極性基に対する中和率を調整して水性塗料の粘度と粘性を調節する役目を有する。
【0030】
本発明で用いられる有機溶剤(D)は、最終目的である水性塗料に要求される性能により決定される塗料中に最低必要なものである。また、用途により用いられる種類が異なる。一般的には、水と樹脂の双方に対していくらかの溶解性を持ち両者の仲立ちができる性質のものが良い。塗料が良好な塗装性を持つためには重要であり、ロールコートのように、ニュートニアンな流動性を好む場合は樹脂も水も良く溶解するものが選択され、スプレーコートのように非ニュートン流動を目的とする場合には水に対する溶解性が少なく、樹脂を良く溶解するものを選択する。
【0031】
有機溶剤(D)において、水と完全に相溶する有機溶剤の含有率が70重量%以上の場合は、形成したW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体中の油相から有機溶剤分が水相に抜け出すので油相の粘度はさらに高くなり、W/O/W型構造はより強固な構造になる。そのため、乳化剤を必要とすることなく、非常に安定なW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体を形成することができる。
【0032】
溶剤の沸点は、塗料の乾燥・焼付け条件によって選択される。その他水性塗料の泡立ち・泡消え性や濡れ性も重要で、表面張力など溶剤の諸性質を調べて選択され。地球環境保護、塗料取り扱い環境の保護の観点からできる限り少なくかつ安全な溶剤を選択する必要がある。
【0033】
具体的には以下のような溶剤の中から数種類を選択する。例を挙げると、水と完全に相溶する有機溶剤としてはエタノール、n−プロパノール、イソプロパノールなどのアルキルアルコール類、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノn−プロピルエーテルなどのエーテルアルコール類、ダイアセトンアルコールなどのケトンアルコール類などがある。
【0034】
その他の有機溶剤としては、n−ブタノール、イソブタノール、ヘキシルアルコール、ノニルアルコールなどのアルキルアルコール類、エチレングリコールモノヘキシルエーテルなどのエーテルアルコール類、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテートなどのエーテルエステル類、酢酸エチルなどのエステル類、MIBK、シクロヘキサノンなどのケトン類などがある。
【0035】
有機溶剤(D)はアクリル樹脂(A)の合成にも必要である。したがって、本発明を限定するものではないが、典型的な方法の第一は、まず、有機溶剤(D)中でアクリル樹脂(A)を合成し、その中にエポキシ樹脂(B)を入れて溶解し、その後に適切な反応条件を設定して、アミン類(C)を添加し、反応を開始する方法である。この反応は進むにつれて酸価が低下し、エポキシ当量が上昇し、粘度が上昇するので、その程度を判定して終点を決めることができる。反応が進みすぎると粘度が高くなりすぎるために目的とする粘度と固形分の塗料を得ることができなくなる。またさらに進みすぎると一般にゲル化する。粘性や塗膜物性も反応程度によって変化するので、適切な範囲で反応の終点としなければならない。
【0036】
酸価を持っている未反応のアクリル樹脂成分は水相に溶解するので、水性樹脂分散体を遠心分離し、水相の不揮発分を定量し、樹脂全体との比率を計算することにより未反応アクリル樹脂/全アクリル樹脂の比率を定量できるため、反応程度を確認できる。本発明ではアクリル樹脂(A)とエポキシ樹脂(B)との反応は完結するまでは進めず、適切な範囲で止める事により優れた水性塗料の特質を獲得するものである。
【0037】
典型的な方法の第二は、有機溶剤(D)中でエポキシ樹脂(B)を入れて溶解した後、極性基を持つアクリルモノマーを含む共重合性アクリルモノマー類と重合開始剤を滴下し、グラフト重合させた後、アミン類(C)を添加し部分中和する方法である。反応程度は、未反応アクリルモノマー類が残っていればガスクロマトグラフィーで定量できる。概略であれば不揮発分を測定しても知ることができる。
【0038】
アクリル樹脂(A)成分とエポキシ樹脂(B)の比率は本発明を制限するものではないが、目的とする塗料の性能で適切な範囲を選択できる重要な項目である。アクリル樹脂(A)成分100重量部に対して、エポキシ樹脂(B)を100〜1000重量部用いる事によって好適な塗料性能を出すことができる。
【0039】
高粘度樹脂溶液(E)は、工程1、工程2、工程3の手順で本発明の平均粒子径1μm以下のW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体を得ることができる。
【0040】
工程1は、高粘度樹脂溶液(E)を50/秒以上1000/秒未満の剪断速度で攪拌し、その攪拌下で水(F)を添加・分散し、W/O型分散体(H)を得る工程である。水(F)の添加量は、転相しない程度の少量の水である。
高粘度樹脂溶液(E)に少ない力で高剪断力をかけるには、少量ずつ連続工程を行えば良い。まず、高粘度樹脂溶液である場合に、可能な限りの高剪断下で水を添加することにより、微細なW/O型分散体が得られる。粘度を下げる目的で液温を高くした方が剪断速度を高くでき、より微細なW/O型分散体が得られ、望ましい。
【0041】
工程2は、W/O型分散体(H)を10/秒以上200/秒未満の剪断速度で攪拌し、その攪拌下で水(I)を添加し、転相させたW/O/W型の水性樹脂分散体(J)を得る工程である。転相点を通過したことは、系の性質が大きく変化するので電気伝導度が急激に上昇することなどにより分かる。
転相点前までは、剪断速度は比較的小さいながら攪拌動力は強い分散機で行うことが好ましい。
【0042】
工程3は、水性樹脂分散体(J)を500/秒以上の剪断速度下で攪拌することにより微細化分散し、平均粒子径1μm以下のW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体を得る工程である。
転相後の特定の組成範囲で(1)高剪断力を(2)比較的長時間(3)温度管理しながら、かけつづける事により、平均粒子径1μm以下の微細なW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体を得ることができる。平均粒子径が1μmを超えると、条件にもよるが長期保存中に粒子が沈降する場合がある。
【0043】
上記W/O/W型水性樹脂分散体は、さらに水を添加し、必要に応じて消泡剤・湿潤剤・滑り剤・硬化剤などの添加剤や粘度調節・固形分量調節を行い、水性塗料が製造できる。
【0044】
本発明のW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体の製造方法は、二段以上の分散工程を含む多段分散法であり、工程1と3が特に重要である。
工程1〜2では、高粘度に対応した分散機または攪拌機を用いる。高速で回転できる円盤型攪拌羽根や高剪断力を発生できるホモジナイザーと、全体を低速で攪拌・混合できる錨羽根やヘリカルリボン羽根とを持った複合攪拌機が適している。
【0045】
工程3では、剪断速度500/秒以上にできる構造と動力を持ち、かつ、滞留時間30秒以上でも処理中の液の温度を30℃以上100℃未満に保つことが可能な加熱・冷却能力を有する微細化分散装置Xが用いられる。
【0046】
本発明における粘度は、粘性についての詳細な記述が必要な場合以外は便宜上B型粘度計#4ローター0.6rpmの値を示した。粘度が非常に高い又は低いために0.6rpmの値が求まらない場合は別の回転数で求めて補外した。
【0047】
水性樹脂分散体(J)の粘度は、添加する水の量、温度、剪断速度で変化するので、同一温度・同一剪断速度で測定する必要がある。その上で、樹脂の一部に極性基を持つ高粘度樹脂溶液(E)の粘度に比較し1/500を越えるように水の量を調節する。添加する水の量が多すぎると1/500以下になり、微細化が不可能になる。添加する水の量が少なすぎると水性樹脂分散体の粘度が高いために微細化分散時の発熱が大きくなる、分散機の動力が多く必要になるなどの不都合が生じるので、目的に応じて適切な水の量と分散温度を選択する。
【0048】
また、分散温度を制御するために、ローターとシリンダーは熱媒または冷媒により効率よく温度制御されなければならない。
強力で効率良い分散と優れた温度管理を行うためには連続分散方式が適している。すなわち、高粘度樹脂溶液(E)に水を添加し転相させ水性樹脂分散体(J)を得る工程1〜2の分散装置Vから取り出された水性樹脂分散体(J)の一定量を、ポンプWにより、縦型に配置された微細化分散装置Xの下部から押し込み、装置上部から排出し、次の水希釈工程Yに連続的に移行する密閉系連続製造法を用いる多段分散法である。
微細化分散装置Xは縦型に配置することにより空隙をなくすることができ、効率が良い。
【0049】
本発明の水性樹脂分散体はさらに目的に応じて、工程のどこでも適切な条件で有機溶剤、中和剤、界面活性剤、消泡剤、滑り剤、硬化剤、防錆剤、顔料、充填剤などを添加・配合することができる。特にフェノール樹脂やアミノ樹脂の少量の添加が硬化性能を高める目的で有用である。
【0050】
本発明のW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体の製造方法で得られたW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体は、消泡剤や湿潤剤等の添加剤を添加することにより高温短時間焼付け用の水性塗料として用いることが出来る。特に厚塗り用として優れた塗装適性を持つ。一般に、水性塗料を高温で乾燥する場合、水が一気に沸騰するためワキと呼ばれる発泡現象が生じるため、通常は高沸点溶剤を少量使用し、沸騰をおだやかに進めるなどの工夫をする。しかし、本発明のようにW/O/W型構造にすると、内水相の水が蒸発する時期がずれるために、さらに沸騰がおだやかになると考えられる。
【0051】
塗料としてはブリキ板、クロムメッキ鋼板、ティンフリースチール、アルミ板などの金属表面や缶の表面に塗装できる。塗装方法はロールコーター、スプレー、電着塗装などが可能である。
焼付け条件は、たとえば、雰囲気温度150〜400℃で5秒〜30分間の範囲で目的に応じて選ぶことができる。
【0052】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例により説明する。なお、例中「部」、「%」はそれぞれ「重量部」、「重量%」を示す。粘度は基本的にB型粘度計#4ローター、0.6rpmの安定した値を求めた。0.6rpmで値が求められない場合は0.3rpmまたは1.5〜30rpmの値から補外して求めた。分子量はGPCで測定し、スチレン換算の重量平均分子量を基本にした。分布が必要な場合は適宜、数平均分子量や組成を示した。
【0053】

Figure 0004501348
【0054】
攪拌機、窒素導入管、水冷式冷却管、温度センサー、滴下タンクを設置した200L反応釜に1)を仕込み、攪拌しながら140℃まで加熱した。滴下タンクに混合溶解した2)〜6)を入れ、反応釜内温140℃を保持しながら、2時間で滴下した。
滴下終了後、1時間ごとに7)と8)、9)と10)、11)と12)の各混合物を添加した。
11)と12)の混合物を添加した後、1時間経過してから不揮発分測定を行い反応完了を確認した。その後、13)と14)を添加、冷却し、不揮発分28.1%、数平均分子量6200、重量平均分子量20000、酸価294のアクリル樹脂溶液(a)を得た。
【0055】
〔エポキシ樹脂(B)〕
エポキシ樹脂(B)は、ビスフェノールを原料として用いた市販品b1、b2を使用した。平均分子量、重量平均分子量、エポキシ当量を表1に示す。
【0056】
【表1】
Figure 0004501348
表中、ビスフェノールAは「A」、ビスフェノールFは「F」と記載し、ビスフェノールAとビスフェノールFを1:1で使用したものを「A/F=1/1」と記載した。
【0057】
Figure 0004501348
1)〜3)を窒素置換した反応釜の中に、発熱に注意しながら順番に仕込み、加熱して60℃5時間反応後、40℃まで冷却し、4)と5)を添加し攪拌した。分離した水層を捨て、さらに溶剤層と同量の水を添加し、激しく攪拌後静置し、水層を捨てた。溶剤層に6)を加え、減圧で脱水・溶剤置換を行った。不揮発分30%、重量平均分子量640のフェノール樹脂溶液(h)を得た。
【0058】
Figure 0004501348
【0059】
1)〜3)を反応釜に仕込み、120℃2時間攪拌し溶解確認後、内温を110℃まで下げ、4)と5)を添加し、アクリル樹脂とエポキシ樹脂の反応を開始した。開始時の粘度は220Pa・s/110℃であった。110℃2時間で終点とし、高粘度樹脂溶液(e1)を得た。粘度は470Pa・s/110℃(700Pa・s/100℃、3300Pa・s/70℃)であった。
【0060】
高粘度樹脂溶液(e1)を50rpm(剪断速度100/秒)で攪拌しながら6)を少しずつ断続的に添加し、水と樹脂が十分に相溶していることを確認し、W/O型分散体(h1)を得た。
その後、可能な範囲で攪拌を強く行ったが、負荷が大きくなったので10〜30rpm(剪断速度20〜60/秒)に落とした。上記工程における最大粘度は790Pa・s/85℃であった。次いで、これを冷却しながら7)を少しずつ添加した。7)の添加中に系の粘度が急激に低下し、電気伝導度が0〜10μSの状態から500μS以上に急上昇し、転相が確認できた。7)添加終了時の粘度は240Pa・s/70℃であった。従って、70℃における粘度比は3300/240=14となる。最後に8)を添加混合し、不揮発分46%、粘度490Pa・s/50℃、平均粒子径4.4μmの、W/O/W型の水性樹脂分散体(j1)を得た。この光学顕微鏡写真を図1を示す。図1における一目盛は2.5μmである。
【0061】
水性樹脂分散体(j1)をクリアランス2〜3mmのピンミキサー1800rpm(剪断速度6000/秒)にて微細化分散し、平均粒子径0.27μmのW/O/W型の水性樹脂分散体を得た。この分散体に対してイオン交換水と添加剤(消泡・湿潤剤)サーフィノール420を0.1%相当量添加し、不揮発分30%、有機溶剤量13.5%、#4フォードカップの粘度が25℃で28秒の水性樹脂分散体(塗料(実1))を得た。この電子顕微鏡写真を図2に示す。
【0062】
Figure 0004501348
【0063】
1)〜4)を反応釜に仕込み、120℃2時間攪拌し溶解確認後、内温を110℃まで下げ、これにあらかじめ滴下タンクに仕込んで混合溶解した5)〜8)を2時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後1時間ごとに9)と10)の混合物、11)と12)の混合物、13)と14)の混合物を添加し、アクリルモノマーとエポキシ樹脂の反応を完結させた。内温を100℃まで下げ、15)と16)を添加混合し、高粘度樹脂溶液(e2)を得た。粘度は630Pa・s/100℃(2900Pa・s/70℃)であった。
【0064】
高粘度樹脂溶液(e2)を50rpm(剪断速度100/秒)で攪拌しながら17)を少しずつ断続的に添加し、水と樹脂が十分に相溶していることを確認し、W/O型分散体(h2)を得た。
その後、可能な範囲で攪拌を強く行ったが、負荷が大きくなったので10〜30rpm(剪断速度20〜60/秒)に落とした。上記工程における最大粘度は640Pa・s/85℃であった。次いで、これを冷却しながら18)を少しずつ添加し、電気伝導度の値により転相を確認した。18)添加終了時の粘度は190Pa・s/70℃であった。従って、70℃における粘度比は2900/190=15となる。最後に19)を添加混合し、不揮発分46%、粘度390Pa・s/50℃、平均粒子径5.6μmの、W/O/W型の水性樹脂分散体(j2)を得た。
【0065】
水性樹脂分散体(j2)を実施例1と同様に微細化分散して0.5μmの平均粒子径の水性樹脂分散体を得た。この分散体に対してイオン交換水と添加剤(消泡・湿潤剤)サーフィノール420を0.1%相当量添加し、不揮発分30%、有機溶剤量13.5%、#4フォードカップの粘度が25℃で28秒の水性樹脂分散体(塗料(実2))を得た。粒子の形状は実施例1と同様であり、W/O/W型水性樹脂分散体の特徴が観察できた。
【0066】
[比較例1]
W/O/W型の水性樹脂分散体(j1)600gを、1L・直径8.5cmの円筒フラスコに移し、最大径7.4cmの錨羽100回転(剪断速度70/秒)で攪拌した。60分後、平均粒子径は変化なく4.4μmであった。
この分散体にイオン交換水と添加剤(消泡・湿潤剤)サーフィノール420を0.9g添加し、不揮発分30%、有機溶剤量13.5%、#4フォードカップの粘度が25℃で28秒のW/O/W型の水性樹脂分散体(塗料(比1))を得たが、室温保存1週間以内に沈降分離してしまった。
【0067】
Figure 0004501348
【0068】
1)〜5)を1Lフラスコにしこみ、110℃2時間攪拌し溶解確認後、6)と7)を添加し、アクリル樹脂とエポキシ樹脂の反応を開始した。110℃3時間反応で終点とし、樹脂溶液を得た。この時の粘度は1.9Pa・s/110℃(17Pa・s/80℃)であった。
上記樹脂溶液を50rpm(剪断速度100/秒)で攪拌しながら8)を少しずつ断続的に添加し、水と樹脂が十分に相溶していることを確認し、分散体を得た。
その後、可能な範囲で攪拌を強くした。上記工程における最大粘度は2.5Pa・s/80℃であった。次いで、これを冷却しながら8)を少しずつ添加した。8)を添加中に系のチキソトロピック性が増加し、電気伝導度が10〜50μSから700〜1300μS以上に急上昇し、転相が確認できた。不揮発分29.9%と27.5%の間で転相した。転相直前の粘度が1.7Pa・s/80℃、転相直後が2.5Pa・s/80℃であったので、粘度比は17/2.5=6.8となる。不揮発分18.4%、粘度2Pa・s/80℃、平均粒子径0.3μmの水性樹脂分散体(j3)を得た。この電子顕微鏡写真を図3に示す。
【0069】
これを減圧下で脱溶剤した後、イオン交換水とイソブタノールで不揮発分30%、有機溶剤量13.5%に調整し、これに対して添加剤(消泡・湿潤剤)サーフィノール420を0.1%相当量を添加し、#4フォードカップの粘度が25℃で28秒のO/W型の水性樹脂分散体(塗料(比2))を得た。
【0070】
〔塗装性の評価〕
実施例および比較例で得られた水性樹脂分散体(塗料)について、厚膜塗装性(ワキ)を以下の方法で評価した。
アルミ板に乾燥塗膜厚を変えてバーコーター塗装し、350℃雰囲気中で乾燥後、塗膜表面を観察した。表面平滑で泡粒状のワキがなければ○、小さなワキが少し認められれば△、塗膜面全体にワキが認められれば×、塗膜面全体にワキが激しく認められれば××で評価した。
【0071】
【表2】
Figure 0004501348
本発明の製造方法で得られる水性樹脂分散体は、比較例と同一樹脂組成、同一溶剤組成にもかかわらず、厚膜塗装性に優れている。
【0072】
【発明の効果】
樹脂が高分子になると樹脂溶液の粘度は高くなる。W/O/W型水性樹脂分散体は、高分子の樹脂溶液から製造すると、中間の油相の構造が強固になる。あらかじめ高分子の樹脂溶液中の有機溶剤主成分を、水と完全に相溶する有機溶剤にしておけば、W/O/W型水性樹脂分散体構造を形成後も油相から有機溶剤分が水相に抜け出すので、中間の油相の粘度はさらに高くなり、より強固な構造になる。そのため、本来の塗料性能からは必要でない乳化剤を使用することなく、非常に安定なW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体を形成することができる。
【0073】
本発明により、貯蔵安定性が良好で塗膜物性のすぐれた、平均粒子径1μm以下の安定なW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体を製造できる。
本発明のW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体は、さらに適切な樹脂組成と溶剤組成を選択して水性塗料として用いると、厚塗りして急激な熱風で乾燥してもワキの発生が少ない、厚塗り・高温短時間焼付け塗装性に優れたW/O/W型水性塗料を得ることができる。
【0074】
本発明によるW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体は1μm以下の微細な粒子となるために、粒子周辺の電気二重層の作用と水のブラウン運動の作用が有効に働き、経時で凝集や沈降もする事なく、粘度・粘性の変化も無い極めて安定な分散体となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は、実施例1で得られたW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体(j1)の光学顕微鏡写真である。
【図2】図2は、実施例1で得られたW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体(塗料(実1))の粒子の電子顕微鏡写真である。
【図3】図3は、比較例2で得られたO/W型樹脂分散体の粒子の電子顕微鏡写真である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing an aqueous resin dispersion. Further, the present invention relates to an aqueous resin dispersion obtained by this production method and a composition for coating a metal material, particularly a paint excellent in storage stability, an aqueous paint excellent in thick coating and high-temperature short-time baking paint, and a paint for cans. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a method for producing a stable W / O / W aqueous resin dispersion, a method using an emulsifier is generally used. Patent Document 1 discloses a method of dispersing a W / O type in an outer aqueous phase using an alkyl-modified carboxyvinyl polymer. In Patent Document 2, a method using a polyethylene glycol derivative having a molecular weight of 400 to 20,000, in Patent Document 3, a method using a higher aliphatic organic amine, a higher alcohol, or a lower alkylene oxide adduct, and in Patent Document 4, a sulfone group and / or Alternatively, a method of containing a polysaccharide having a carboxyl group in the inner aqueous phase, Patent Document 5 discloses a method of using a specific hydrophilic emulsifier in the inner aqueous phase and the outer aqueous phase, and a specific lipophilic emulsifier in the oil phase. Document 6 discloses a method using a water-soluble polymer and saponin.
[0003]
However, when an aqueous resin dispersion obtained by a method using an emulsifier is used for coating a metal material, it cannot be practically used due to deterioration of water resistance.
Further, as a method for mechanically obtaining a W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion, a method using a homogenizer or a disper is generally used. For example, Patent Document 7 discloses “homogenizer” dispersion at 3500 rpm, and dispersion using a mixer at a speed of 100 to 5000 rpm and an emulsifier.
[0004]
As another dispersion method, Patent Document 8 discloses a method in which a W / O dispersion is passed through a porous film having a uniform pore size. Patent Document 9 discloses a method for preparing a water phase flowing in a certain direction by dropping a W / O dispersion.
However, any method has a problem that it cannot be used when the viscosity of the W / O type dispersion is slightly increased.
[0005]
Patent Document 10 discloses a method using a vibration type stirrer, and Patent Document 11 discloses the vibration type stirrer. Even with this stirrer, there was a problem that it was not possible to disperse when the viscosity of the W / O type dispersion reached 400 Pa · s or more. In general, as the viscosity increases, the amount of heat generated during the fine dispersion process increases. However, with this stirrer, it is difficult to remove the heat generated in the vicinity of the central axis, and the degree of difficulty increases particularly in a large-scale apparatus. There was a problem.
Therefore, conventionally, a method for obtaining a W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion using a high viscosity resin solution has not been carried out.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-11-33391
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2001-131056 A
[Patent Document 3]
JP 2001-139459 A
[Patent Document 4]
JP 2001-151938 A
[Patent Document 5]
JP 2001-25360 A
[Patent Document 6]
JP 2002-191960 A
[Patent Document 7]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-20269
[Patent Document 8]
JP 2001-179077 A
[Patent Document 9]
JP 2002-234833 A
[Patent Document 10]
JP 11-349688 A
[Patent Document 11]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-169967
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The purpose of the inventors is to use a polar group as an essential component, and from a high-viscosity resin solution (E) having a viscosity at 100 ° C. of 500 Pa · s or more, a stable average particle diameter of 1 μm or less using a relatively low power. It is to obtain an O / W type aqueous resin dispersion effectively.
[0008]
The first important point is how to obtain an aqueous resin dispersion having an average particle diameter of 1 μm or less from a high viscosity resin solution (E) having a polar group as an essential component and a viscosity at 100 ° C. of 500 Pa · s or more. .
[0009]
In general, it is known that a high shear force should be applied to a droplet in the vicinity of the phase inversion point in order to make the droplet in the liquid finer. However, the aqueous resin dispersion that has passed the phase inversion point is no longer used again. It has been considered that miniaturization by dispersion is impossible.
For this reason, since a strong shearing force was applied at a single phase inversion point, the high viscosity resin solution required not only an enormous amount of power but also a problem that heat generation could not be controlled. In particular, temperature control near the phase inversion point where the molecular structure becomes complicated and at the time of forming the W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion has been a serious problem.
[0010]
The second important point is how to obtain a stable W / O / W aqueous resin dispersion having an average particle diameter of 1 μm or less.
The W / O type dispersion has been well known in the process of obtaining an aqueous resin dispersion, and when the viscosity of the oil phase is low, the inner aqueous phase becomes W / O particles during the phase inversion process. It was easy to go outside and unite with the external aqueous phase, and even when water was simply added to the W / O type dispersion to cause phase inversion, it did not always become a W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion.
[0011]
The shear rate is generally called a velocity gradient and is defined by (speed difference) / (distance). However, since this value is not uniform throughout the system, it is not always clear what value is used as the representative value, and there are many complicated calculation methods. Therefore, in the present invention, it is considered that a method that can be calculated as easily as possible should be used, and a value obtained by dividing the peripheral speed value of the rotating stirring blade or the rotor pin by the clearance with the vessel wall surface is used.
That is, in the present invention,
(Shear rate [/ sec]) = (peripheral speed of rotating body [m / sec]) / (clearance between rotating body and container wall surface [m])
And
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have obtained the following solutions.
That is, the first invention of the present invention is
Under a shear rate of 50 / second or more and less than 1000 / second,
Reaction of an acrylic resin (A) having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 or more and an acid value of 50 to 500 with an epoxy resin (B) having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 or more in an organic solvent (D) using amines (C). A high-viscosity resin solution (E) having a polar group obtained by heating and having a viscosity at 100 ° C. of 500 Pa · s or more,
Alternatively, a copolymerization acrylic monomer containing an acrylic monomer having a polar group and a polymerization initiator are dropped into a solution obtained by dissolving an epoxy resin (B) having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 or more in an organic solvent (D), and a graft reaction is performed. A high-viscosity resin solution (E) having a polar group obtained by partial neutralization by adding amines (C) and having a viscosity at 100 ° C. of 500 Pa · s or higher,
After adding and dispersing water (F) to obtain a W / O type dispersion (H),
Water (I) was added to the W / O dispersion (H) at a shear rate of 10 / second or more and less than 200 / second, and the phase-inverted W / O / W aqueous resin dispersion (J) was obtained. Get
Next, the W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion having an average particle diameter of 1 μm or less is obtained by dispersing the W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion (J) under a shear rate of 500 / sec or more. It is a manufacturing method.
[0015]
First2The present invention is characterized in that 70% by weight or more of the organic solvent (D) is an organic solvent completely compatible with water.1st inventionThe method for producing a W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion described in 1.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The high viscosity resin solution (E) used in the present invention is a high viscosity resin solution having a polar group and having a viscosity at 100 ° C. of 500 Pa · s or more. Resins used in the high viscosity resin solution (E) include natural polymer resin, acrylic resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, phenoxy resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin, amino resin, polyamide resin, silicon resin, etc. Examples include synthetic polymers. Also included are resins in which the above resins are mixed, and resins having sites that are partially bonded by a graft reaction or a condensation reaction.
[0018]
Examples of polar groups that are essential components in the resin of the high viscosity resin solution (E) include a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a hydroxyl group, and an ether group. If the resin (E) is an acrylic resin, a polar group can be introduced into the resin by polymerizing a monomer containing a carboxylic acid such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. In the case of a polyester resin or a polyurethane resin, a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group is a monomer having two or more functional groups, for example, a polyglycol such as ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, trimethylolpropane, adipic acid, azelaic acid, Phthalic acid or the like, its anhydride, trimellitic acid or its anhydride may be used as a raw material, and the above dibasic acid may be allowed to act on the hydroxyl group.
[0019]
The appropriate amount of the polar group varies depending on the type and purpose, but if it is a carboxyl group, it can be used satisfactorily when the acid value with respect to the whole resin is about 10 to 300.
[0020]
The resin (E) preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 or more from the viewpoint of maintaining high coating properties such as processability when used as a paint. This can be obtained by selecting the amount of the polymerization initiator and the reaction temperature during the polymerization of the resin.
[0021]
In the present invention, the weight average molecular weight in terms of styrene measured by GPC is basically used as the molecular weight of the resin. This is because, in the polymer region handled in the present invention, the number average molecular weight tends to cause an error in the numerical value due to the slight unevenness of the baseline in the low molecular region. The number average molecular weight is a reference value depending on the case.
[0022]
The reason why styrene conversion is used is that although there is a concern such as an error due to the difference in polarity of the compound, it is already widely used in the industry and it is considered that a common recognition is obtained. Since molecular weight standard styrene is also commercially available, it can be judged that it is not necessary to describe the GPC measurement conditions.
[0023]
The acid value of the resin (E) is preferably in the range of 50 to 500 mgKOH / g. The acid value can be adjusted by adjusting the composition ratio of a carboxyl group such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and a monomer having a carbon / carbon double bond.
[0024]
As the resin used in (E), an acrylic resin (A) is preferable. This is because a mixture of a monomer containing the carboxylic acid and other copolymerizable acrylic monomers is heated to a temperature of 70 to 150 ° C. using a radical polymerization initiator such as azobisisobutyronitrile or benzoyl peroxide. It can be obtained by copolymerization. (A) preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 or more.
[0025]
Examples of the copolymerizable acrylic monomers include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, acrylic acid esters such as 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methacrylic acid esters such as methyl methacrylate, styrene, and alphamethyl styrene. Monomers having a phenyl nucleus such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyl-containing monomers such as N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, and N-substituted such as N-methoxymethyl (meth) acrylamide Many monomers such as an alkoxyl group-containing monomer and other acrylonitrile and glycidyl group-containing monomers can be used, and one or a combination of two or more can be selected.
[0026]
In the present invention, an epoxy resin (B) having a glycidyl group at the terminal can be obtained by reacting a bifunctional phenol such as bisphenol A or bisphenol F with epichlorohydrin under an alkali catalyst to increase the molecular weight. . If the terminal glycidyl group is reacted with a phenolic hydroxyl group, an alcohol, a fatty acid, or the like, the amount of the glycidyl group can be adjusted. A phenolic resin that has been reacted with phenols so that both ends are substantially completely phenolic hydroxyl groups is called a phenoxy resin, but some glycidyl groups are intentionally left in the product group with the name of the phenoxy resin. There are things and the distinction is not always clear. The weight average molecular weight of the epoxy resin (B) is preferably 10,000 or more.
[0027]
Some typical commercial products are exemplified as the epoxy resin (B).
Japan Epoxy Resins Co., Ltd. includes Epicoat 1009, Epicoat 1010 and Epicoat 4010P using bisphenol F as raw materials, and Epicoat 4250 and Epicoat 1256 as phenoxy resins.
[0028]
Toto Kasei Co., Ltd. has Epototo YD-019, Epototo YD-7019, Epototo YD-7020 and the like using bisphenol A as a raw material, and phenoxy resins include phenototo YP-50 and phenototo YP-70.
[0029]
Examples of the amines (C) used in the present invention include ammonia, alkylamines such as triethylamine, alcohol amines such as 2-dimethylaminoethanol, polyvalent amines such as ethylenediamine, morpholine, and pyridine. . The amine (C) is used as a reaction catalyst between the acrylic resin (A) and the epoxy resin (B), and becomes a counter ion with a polar group forming the aqueous resin dispersion to stabilize the aqueous resin dispersion. , It has the role of adjusting the viscosity and viscosity of the water-based paint by adjusting the neutralization rate with respect to the polar group.
[0030]
The organic solvent (D) used in the present invention is the minimum necessary in the coating material determined by the performance required for the water-based coating material which is the final object. Moreover, the kind used by an application changes. In general, a material having some solubility in both water and resin and capable of mediating between the two is preferable. It is important for the paint to have good paintability. When a Newtonian fluidity is preferred, such as a roll coat, a resin and water that dissolves well is selected, and a non-Newtonian fluid such as a spray coat is selected. For the purpose of the above, a resin that has low solubility in water and dissolves the resin well is selected.
[0031]
In the organic solvent (D), when the content of the organic solvent that is completely compatible with water is 70% by weight or more, the organic solvent component is water from the oil phase in the formed W / O / W aqueous resin dispersion. Since the oil phase is released, the viscosity of the oil phase is further increased, and the W / O / W structure becomes a stronger structure. Therefore, a very stable W / O / W aqueous resin dispersion can be formed without the need for an emulsifier.
[0032]
The boiling point of the solvent is selected according to the drying and baking conditions of the paint. In addition, foaming, foam extinction and wettability of water-based paints are also important, and they are selected by examining various properties of the solvent such as surface tension. From the viewpoint of protecting the global environment and the paint handling environment, it is necessary to select a solvent that is as small and safe as possible.
[0033]
Specifically, several types are selected from the following solvents. For example, as an organic solvent completely compatible with water, alkyl alcohols such as ethanol, n-propanol and isopropanol, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, Examples include ether alcohols such as diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and propylene glycol mono n-propyl ether, and ketone alcohols such as diacetone alcohol.
[0034]
Examples of other organic solvents include alkyl alcohols such as n-butanol, isobutanol, hexyl alcohol, and nonyl alcohol, ether alcohols such as ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, ether esters such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and ethyl acetate. Esters, and ketones such as MIBK and cyclohexanone.
[0035]
The organic solvent (D) is also necessary for the synthesis of the acrylic resin (A). Therefore, although the present invention is not limited, the first of typical methods is to first synthesize an acrylic resin (A) in an organic solvent (D), and put an epoxy resin (B) therein. This is a method in which an appropriate reaction condition is set after dissolution, an amine (C) is added, and the reaction is started. As this reaction proceeds, the acid value decreases, the epoxy equivalent increases, and the viscosity increases. Therefore, the end point can be determined by determining the degree. If the reaction proceeds too much, the viscosity becomes too high, so that it becomes impossible to obtain the desired viscosity and solid content paint. Further, if it proceeds further, it generally gels. Viscosity and physical properties of the coating film also vary depending on the degree of reaction, so the end point of the reaction must be within an appropriate range.
[0036]
The unreacted acrylic resin component with acid value dissolves in the aqueous phase, so the aqueous resin dispersion is centrifuged, the non-volatile content of the aqueous phase is quantified, and the ratio to the total resin is calculated. Since the ratio of acrylic resin / total acrylic resin can be quantified, the degree of reaction can be confirmed. In the present invention, the reaction between the acrylic resin (A) and the epoxy resin (B) does not proceed until the reaction is completed, and an excellent water-based paint characteristic is obtained by stopping the reaction within an appropriate range.
[0037]
In the second typical method, the epoxy resin (B) is added and dissolved in the organic solvent (D), and then copolymerizable acrylic monomers including an acrylic monomer having a polar group and a polymerization initiator are dropped, After the graft polymerization, amines (C) are added to partially neutralize. The degree of reaction can be quantified by gas chromatography if unreacted acrylic monomers remain. If it is an outline, it can be found by measuring the nonvolatile content.
[0038]
The ratio of the acrylic resin (A) component and the epoxy resin (B) does not limit the present invention, but is an important item that allows an appropriate range to be selected depending on the performance of the intended paint. By using 100 to 1000 parts by weight of the epoxy resin (B) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the acrylic resin (A) component, suitable paint performance can be obtained.
[0039]
The high-viscosity resin solution (E) can obtain the W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion having an average particle diameter of 1 μm or less of the present invention by the procedures of Step 1, Step 2, and Step 3.
[0040]
Step 1 stirs the high-viscosity resin solution (E) at a shear rate of 50 / second or more and less than 1000 / second, and adds and disperses water (F) under the stirring to obtain a W / O type dispersion (H). It is the process of obtaining. The amount of water (F) added is a small amount of water that does not cause phase inversion.
In order to apply a high shearing force to the high viscosity resin solution (E) with a small force, a continuous process may be performed little by little. First, in the case of a high-viscosity resin solution, a fine W / O dispersion can be obtained by adding water under as high shear as possible. Increasing the liquid temperature for the purpose of lowering the viscosity can increase the shear rate, and a finer W / O type dispersion can be obtained.
[0041]
In Step 2, the W / O type dispersion (H) is stirred at a shear rate of 10 / second or more and less than 200 / second, and water (I) is added under the stirring, and the phase is changed to W / O / W. This is a step of obtaining a mold-based aqueous resin dispersion (J). Passing through the phase inversion point can be seen by the fact that the electrical conductivity rapidly increases because the properties of the system change greatly.
Until the phase inversion point, it is preferable to use a disperser in which the shear rate is relatively low but the stirring power is strong.
[0042]
Step 3 is a step in which the aqueous resin dispersion (J) is finely dispersed by stirring at a shear rate of 500 / sec or more to obtain a W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion having an average particle diameter of 1 μm or less. is there.
Fine W / O / W type with an average particle diameter of 1 μm or less by continuing to apply (1) high shear force (2) relatively long time (3) temperature control in a specific composition range after phase inversion An aqueous resin dispersion can be obtained. If the average particle diameter exceeds 1 μm, the particles may settle during long-term storage, depending on the conditions.
[0043]
The above W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion is further added with water, and if necessary, additives such as antifoaming agent, wetting agent, slipping agent, curing agent, viscosity adjustment, solid content adjustment, Paint can be manufactured.
[0044]
The method for producing a W / O / W aqueous resin dispersion of the present invention is a multistage dispersion method including two or more stages of dispersion processes, and Steps 1 and 3 are particularly important.
In Steps 1 and 2, a disperser or a stirrer corresponding to high viscosity is used. A disc-type stirring blade that can rotate at high speed, a homogenizer that can generate high shearing force, and a composite stirrer that has a spear blade and a helical ribbon blade that can stir and mix the whole at low speed are suitable.
[0045]
In step 3, the heating / cooling capacity has a structure and power that can increase the shear rate to 500 / sec or more, and can maintain the temperature of the liquid during the treatment at 30 ° C. or more and less than 100 ° C. even when the residence time is 30 seconds or more. The fine dispersion apparatus X which has is used.
[0046]
The viscosity in the present invention is a value of a B-type viscometer # 4 rotor 0.6 rpm for convenience except when detailed description of the viscosity is required. When the value of 0.6 rpm could not be obtained because the viscosity was very high or low, the value was extrapolated by obtaining it at another rotational speed.
[0047]
Since the viscosity of the aqueous resin dispersion (J) varies depending on the amount of water to be added, the temperature, and the shear rate, it is necessary to measure at the same temperature and the same shear rate. Then, the amount of water is adjusted to exceed 1/500 compared to the viscosity of the high viscosity resin solution (E) having a polar group in a part of the resin. If the amount of water to be added is too large, it becomes 1/500 or less, and miniaturization becomes impossible. If the amount of water to be added is too small, the viscosity of the aqueous resin dispersion is high, resulting in inconveniences such as increased heat generation at the time of fine dispersion and the need for more power for the disperser. The amount of water and the dispersion temperature.
[0048]
Further, in order to control the dispersion temperature, the rotor and the cylinder must be efficiently temperature controlled by a heat medium or a refrigerant.
The continuous dispersion method is suitable for powerful and efficient dispersion and excellent temperature control. That is, a certain amount of the aqueous resin dispersion (J) taken out from the dispersing device V in Steps 1 and 2 to obtain water-based resin dispersion (J) by adding water to the high-viscosity resin solution (E) to perform phase inversion. This is a multistage dispersion method using a closed continuous production method in which the pump W is pushed from the lower part of the vertical disperser X arranged in a vertical shape, discharged from the upper part of the apparatus, and continuously transferred to the next water dilution step Y. .
The fine dispersion apparatus X can eliminate voids by being arranged in a vertical shape, and is efficient.
[0049]
The aqueous resin dispersion of the present invention is further subjected to an organic solvent, a neutralizing agent, a surfactant, an antifoaming agent, a slipping agent, a curing agent, a rust preventive agent, a pigment, and a filler under appropriate conditions everywhere in the process depending on the purpose. Etc. can be added and blended. In particular, the addition of a small amount of a phenol resin or an amino resin is useful for the purpose of improving the curing performance.
[0050]
The W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion obtained by the method for producing a W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion of the present invention can be added at high temperature and short time by adding additives such as an antifoaming agent and a wetting agent. It can be used as a water-based paint for baking. Excellent paintability especially for thick coating. Generally, when a water-based paint is dried at a high temperature, since water is boiled at a stretch, a foaming phenomenon called an armpit occurs. Therefore, usually, a small amount of a high-boiling solvent is used, and boiling is gently advanced. However, when the W / O / W type structure is used as in the present invention, it is considered that the boiling of the water becomes further gentle because the time when the water in the inner water phase evaporates is shifted.
[0051]
The paint can be applied to metal surfaces such as tin plate, chrome-plated steel plate, tin-free steel, aluminum plate, and the surface of cans. The coating method can be roll coater, spray, electrodeposition coating, etc.
The baking conditions can be selected according to the purpose within a range of 5 seconds to 30 minutes at an ambient temperature of 150 to 400 ° C., for example.
[0052]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to examples. In the examples, “parts” and “%” indicate “parts by weight” and “% by weight”, respectively. Viscosity was basically determined as a stable value of B-type viscometer # 4 rotor, 0.6 rpm. When the value could not be obtained at 0.6 rpm, the value was extrapolated from the value of 0.3 rpm or 1.5 to 30 rpm. The molecular weight was measured by GPC and was based on the weight average molecular weight in terms of styrene. When distribution is necessary, the number average molecular weight and composition are shown as appropriate.
[0053]
Figure 0004501348
[0054]
1) was charged into a 200 L reaction kettle equipped with a stirrer, nitrogen introducing tube, water-cooled cooling tube, temperature sensor, and dropping tank, and heated to 140 ° C. while stirring. 2) to 6) mixed and dissolved in the dropping tank were added and dropped in 2 hours while maintaining the internal temperature of the reaction kettle at 140 ° C.
After completion of dropping, each mixture of 7) and 8), 9) and 10), 11) and 12) was added every hour.
After adding the mixture of 11) and 12), after 1 hour, the nonvolatile content was measured to confirm the completion of the reaction. Thereafter, 13) and 14) were added and cooled to obtain an acrylic resin solution (a) having a nonvolatile content of 28.1%, a number average molecular weight of 6200, a weight average molecular weight of 20000 and an acid value of 294.
[0055]
[Epoxy resin (B)]
As the epoxy resin (B), commercially available products b1 and b2 using bisphenol as a raw material were used. Table 1 shows the average molecular weight, weight average molecular weight, and epoxy equivalent.
[0056]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004501348
In the table, bisphenol A is described as “A”, bisphenol F is described as “F”, and bisphenol A and bisphenol F used at 1: 1 are described as “A / F = 1/1”.
[0057]
Figure 0004501348
1) to 3) were placed in a nitrogen-substituted reaction kettle in order while paying attention to heat generation, heated, reacted at 60 ° C. for 5 hours, cooled to 40 ° C., added 4) and 5), and stirred. . The separated aqueous layer was discarded, and the same amount of water as that of the solvent layer was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand after vigorous stirring, and the aqueous layer was discarded. 6) was added to the solvent layer, and dehydration and solvent substitution were performed under reduced pressure. A phenol resin solution (h) having a nonvolatile content of 30% and a weight average molecular weight of 640 was obtained.
[0058]
Figure 0004501348
[0059]
1) to 3) were charged into a reaction kettle, stirred at 120 ° C. for 2 hours, and after dissolution was confirmed, the internal temperature was lowered to 110 ° C., 4) and 5) were added, and the reaction between the acrylic resin and the epoxy resin was started. The viscosity at the start was 220 Pa · s / 110 ° C. The end point was reached at 110 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a highly viscous resin solution (e1). The viscosity was 470 Pa · s / 110 ° C. (700 Pa · s / 100 ° C., 3300 Pa · s / 70 ° C.).
[0060]
While stirring the high-viscosity resin solution (e1) at 50 rpm (shear rate of 100 / sec), 6) is added little by little to confirm that water and the resin are sufficiently compatible with each other. A mold dispersion (h1) was obtained.
After that, stirring was performed as much as possible, but the load increased, so the speed was reduced to 10 to 30 rpm (shear rate 20 to 60 / sec). The maximum viscosity in the above process was 790 Pa · s / 85 ° C. Subsequently, 7) was added little by little while cooling this. During the addition of 7), the viscosity of the system rapidly decreased, and the electrical conductivity increased rapidly from 0 to 10 μS to 500 μS or more, and phase inversion was confirmed. 7) The viscosity at the end of the addition was 240 Pa · s / 70 ° C. Therefore, the viscosity ratio at 70 ° C. is 3300/240 = 14. Finally, 8) was added and mixed to obtain a W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion (j1) having a nonvolatile content of 46%, a viscosity of 490 Pa · s / 50 ° C., and an average particle size of 4.4 μm. The optical micrograph is shown in FIG. One scale in FIG. 1 is 2.5 μm.
[0061]
The aqueous resin dispersion (j1) is finely dispersed with a pin mixer of 1800 rpm (shear rate of 6000 / sec) having a clearance of 2 to 3 mm to obtain a W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion having an average particle diameter of 0.27 μm. It was. To this dispersion, ion-exchanged water and an additive (antifoaming / wetting agent) Surfynol 420 are added in an amount corresponding to 0.1%, the non-volatile content is 30%, the amount of organic solvent is 13.5%, An aqueous resin dispersion (paint (actual 1)) having a viscosity of 25 ° C. and 28 seconds was obtained. This electron micrograph is shown in FIG.
[0062]
Figure 0004501348
[0063]
Charge 1) to 4) into a reaction kettle, stir at 120 ° C. for 2 hours and confirm dissolution, then lower the internal temperature to 110 ° C., then add 5-5 to 8) in a dropping tank in advance and mix and dissolve over 2 hours. It was dripped. The mixture of 9) and 10), the mixture of 11) and 12), and the mixture of 13) and 14) were added every hour after the completion of the dropping to complete the reaction between the acrylic monomer and the epoxy resin. The internal temperature was lowered to 100 ° C., and 15) and 16) were added and mixed to obtain a high viscosity resin solution (e2). The viscosity was 630 Pa · s / 100 ° C. (2900 Pa · s / 70 ° C.).
[0064]
While stirring the high-viscosity resin solution (e2) at 50 rpm (shear rate of 100 / sec), 17) is added intermittently little by little to confirm that the water and the resin are sufficiently compatible. A mold dispersion (h2) was obtained.
After that, stirring was performed as much as possible, but the load increased, so the speed was reduced to 10 to 30 rpm (shear rate 20 to 60 / sec). The maximum viscosity in the above process was 640 Pa · s / 85 ° C. Next, 18) was added little by little while cooling this, and phase inversion was confirmed by the value of electrical conductivity. 18) The viscosity at the end of the addition was 190 Pa · s / 70 ° C. Therefore, the viscosity ratio at 70 ° C. is 2900/190 = 15. Finally, 19) was added and mixed to obtain a W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion (j2) having a nonvolatile content of 46%, a viscosity of 390 Pa · s / 50 ° C., and an average particle size of 5.6 μm.
[0065]
The aqueous resin dispersion (j2) was finely dispersed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain an aqueous resin dispersion having an average particle diameter of 0.5 μm. To this dispersion, ion-exchanged water and an additive (antifoaming / wetting agent) Surfynol 420 are added in an amount equivalent to 0.1%, the non-volatile content is 30%, the amount of organic solvent is 13.5%, and # 4 Ford Cup An aqueous resin dispersion (paint (actual 2)) having a viscosity of 25 ° C. and 28 seconds was obtained. The shape of the particles was the same as in Example 1, and the characteristics of the W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion could be observed.
[0066]
[Comparative Example 1]
600 g of an aqueous resin dispersion (j1) of W / O / W type was transferred to a cylindrical flask having a diameter of 1 L and a diameter of 8.5 cm, and stirred at 100 revolutions of a feather with a maximum diameter of 7.4 cm (shear rate 70 / second). After 60 minutes, the average particle size was 4.4 μm without change.
To this dispersion, 0.9 g of ion-exchanged water and an additive (antifoaming / wetting agent) Surfynol 420 were added, the non-volatile content was 30%, the amount of organic solvent was 13.5%, and the viscosity of a # 4 Ford cup was 25 ° C. A 28 / second W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion (paint (ratio 1)) was obtained, but settled and separated within 1 week at room temperature.
[0067]
Figure 0004501348
[0068]
1) to 5) were put into a 1 L flask, stirred at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and after dissolution was confirmed, 6) and 7) were added to start the reaction between the acrylic resin and the epoxy resin. The reaction was terminated at 110 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a resin solution. The viscosity at this time was 1.9 Pa · s / 110 ° C. (17 Pa · s / 80 ° C.).
While stirring the above resin solution at 50 rpm (shear rate 100 / sec), 8) was intermittently added little by little to confirm that water and the resin were sufficiently compatible, and a dispersion was obtained.
Thereafter, stirring was increased as much as possible. The maximum viscosity in the above process was 2.5 Pa · s / 80 ° C. Subsequently, 8) was added little by little while cooling this. During the addition of 8), the thixotropic property of the system increased, the electrical conductivity increased rapidly from 10-50 μS to 700-1300 μS or more, and phase inversion was confirmed. Phase inversion occurred between 29.9% and 27.5% nonvolatiles. Since the viscosity immediately before phase inversion was 1.7 Pa · s / 80 ° C. and immediately after phase inversion was 2.5 Pa · s / 80 ° C., the viscosity ratio was 17 / 2.5 = 6.8. An aqueous resin dispersion (j3) having a nonvolatile content of 18.4%, a viscosity of 2 Pa · s / 80 ° C., and an average particle size of 0.3 μm was obtained. This electron micrograph is shown in FIG.
[0069]
After removing the solvent under reduced pressure, the content of the non-volatile content is adjusted to 30% and the amount of the organic solvent is adjusted to 13.5% with ion-exchanged water and isobutanol, and additive (defoaming / wetting agent) Surfynol 420 is added thereto. An equivalent amount of 0.1% was added to obtain an O / W type aqueous resin dispersion (paint (ratio 2)) having a # 4 Ford cup viscosity of 25 ° C. and 28 seconds.
[0070]
[Evaluation of paintability]
With respect to the aqueous resin dispersions (paints) obtained in the examples and comparative examples, the thick film coatability (boil) was evaluated by the following method.
Bar coating was applied to an aluminum plate with a different thickness of the dried coating film, and the coating film surface was observed after drying in an atmosphere of 350 ° C. When there was no surface-smooth and bubble-like surface, the evaluation was evaluated as ◯, when a small surface was observed, Δ, when the surface was observed as x, and when the surface was violently observed as xx.
[0071]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004501348
The aqueous resin dispersion obtained by the production method of the present invention is excellent in thick film paintability despite the same resin composition and the same solvent composition as in the comparative example.
[0072]
【The invention's effect】
When the resin becomes a polymer, the viscosity of the resin solution increases. When the W / O / W aqueous resin dispersion is produced from a polymer resin solution, the structure of the intermediate oil phase becomes strong. If the main component of the organic solvent in the polymer resin solution is an organic solvent that is completely compatible with water, the organic solvent component is removed from the oil phase even after the formation of the W / O / W aqueous resin dispersion structure. Since it escapes to the water phase, the viscosity of the intermediate oil phase is further increased, resulting in a stronger structure. Therefore, it is possible to form a very stable W / O / W aqueous resin dispersion without using an emulsifier that is not necessary for the original paint performance.
[0073]
According to the present invention, it is possible to produce a stable W / O / W aqueous resin dispersion having an excellent average particle size of 1 μm or less and excellent storage stability and excellent coating film properties.
The W / O / W type water-based resin dispersion of the present invention, when an appropriate resin composition and solvent composition are selected and used as an aqueous paint, causes little occurrence of cracking even when thickly coated and dried with rapid hot air. In addition, a W / O / W water-based paint excellent in thick coating and high-temperature short-time baking coating properties can be obtained.
[0074]
Since the W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion according to the present invention becomes fine particles of 1 μm or less, the action of the electric double layer around the particles and the action of the Brownian motion of water work effectively, and aggregation and sedimentation over time. Without it, it becomes a very stable dispersion with no change in viscosity.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is an optical micrograph of a W / O / W aqueous resin dispersion (j1) obtained in Example 1. FIG.
2 is an electron micrograph of particles of a W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion (coating material (actual 1)) obtained in Example 1. FIG.
3 is an electron micrograph of particles of an O / W type resin dispersion obtained in Comparative Example 2. FIG.

Claims (2)

50/秒以上1000/秒未満の剪断速度下で、
重量平均分子量1万以上で酸価50〜500のアクリル樹脂(A)と、重量平均分子量1万以上のエポキシ樹脂(B)を、アミン類(C)を用いて有機溶剤(D)中で反応させて得られる極性基を有し、100℃における粘度が500Pa・s以上である高粘度樹脂溶液(E)、
または重量平均分子量1万以上のエポキシ樹脂(B)を有機溶剤(D)で溶解した溶液中に、極性基をもつアクリルモノマーを含む共重合性アクリルモノマー類と重合開始剤を滴下し、グラフト反応させた後、アミン類(C)を添加して部分中和して得られる極性基を有し、100℃における粘度が500Pa・s以上である高粘度樹脂溶液(E)、
に水(F)を添加・分散してW/O型分散体(H)を得た後、
10/秒以上200/秒未満の剪断速度下でW/O型分散体(H)に水(I)を添加し、転相させたW/O/W型の水性樹脂分散体(J)を得、
次に、500/秒以上の剪断速度下でW/O/W型の水性樹脂分散体(J)を分散させることにより1μm以下の平均粒子径にするW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体の製造方法。
Under a shear rate of 50 / second or more and less than 1000 / second,
Reaction of an acrylic resin (A) having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 or more and an acid value of 50 to 500 with an epoxy resin (B) having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 or more in an organic solvent (D) using amines (C). A high-viscosity resin solution (E) having a polar group obtained by heating and having a viscosity at 100 ° C. of 500 Pa · s or more,
Alternatively, a copolymerization acrylic monomer containing an acrylic monomer having a polar group and a polymerization initiator are dropped into a solution obtained by dissolving an epoxy resin (B) having a weight average molecular weight of 10,000 or more in an organic solvent (D), and a graft reaction is performed. A high-viscosity resin solution (E) having a polar group obtained by partial neutralization by adding amines (C) and having a viscosity at 100 ° C. of 500 Pa · s or higher,
After adding and dispersing water (F) to obtain a W / O type dispersion (H),
Water (I) was added to the W / O dispersion (H) at a shear rate of 10 / second or more and less than 200 / second, and the phase-inverted W / O / W aqueous resin dispersion (J) was obtained. Get
Next, the W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion having an average particle diameter of 1 μm or less is obtained by dispersing the W / O / W type aqueous resin dispersion (J) under a shear rate of 500 / sec or more. Production method.
有機溶剤(D)の70重量%以上が水と完全に相溶する有機溶剤であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のW/O/W型水性樹脂分散体の製造方法。2. The method for producing a W / O / W aqueous resin dispersion according to claim 1, wherein 70% by weight or more of the organic solvent (D) is an organic solvent that is completely compatible with water.
JP2003052172A 2003-02-28 2003-02-28 Method for producing aqueous resin dispersion and use thereof Expired - Fee Related JP4501348B2 (en)

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