JP4601348B2 - Power generator for distributed power supply - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power generator for a distributed power source for extracting an approximate maximum output obtained from wind or water, regardless of wind speed or flow velocity, from a generator driven by a wind turbine or water turbine.

  In order to obtain an approximate maximum output from a permanent magnet generator connected to a windmill or a water turbine without using a PWM converter, the present applicant firstly uses a different permanent magnet generator. We have proposed a power generator for distributed power supply that connects a rectifier in series via a reactor to the output terminals of a plurality of windings that generate an induced voltage of magnitude, and outputs the DC output of this rectifier in parallel and outputs it to the outside. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).

The prior application technique will be described in detail with reference to a main circuit single line connection diagram showing a small wind power generator connected to the wind turbine of FIG.
In FIG. 9, 1 is a windmill, 2 is a small wind power generator of the prior application, 3 is a permanent magnet generator, 4 to 6 are first to third reactors, and 7 to 9 are first to third rectifiers. 10 is a positive output terminal, 11 is a negative output terminal, and 12 is a battery.

The permanent magnet generator 3 has three windings that are insulated and have different induced voltage levels. Since the number of turns in the three windings is the smallest, the first winding having the lowest induced voltage is used. The line W1 is connected to the first reactor 4 and further connected to the first rectifier 7.
Next, the second winding W <b> 2 with the largest number of turns is connected to the second reactor 5 and further connected to the second rectifier 8.
The third winding W3 having the highest induced voltage due to the largest number of turns is connected to the third reactor 6 and further to the third rectifier 9.
The direct current sides of the first to third rectifiers 7 to 9 are connected in parallel to the positive output terminal 10 and the negative output terminal 11, and the total output of each winding is connected to the battery 12.

A method of obtaining a rough maximum wind turbine output from the power generator 2 for distributed power supply configured as described above will be described below.
FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the rotational speed versus the output characteristic of the windmill when the wind speed is used as a parameter.
When the shape of the windmill and the wind speed U are determined, the windmill output P with respect to the windmill rotation speed N is uniquely determined. For example, the windmill output P with respect to the wind speeds Ux and Uy is indicated by a solid line in FIG. And the peak of the windmill output P with respect to various wind speeds becomes like the maximum output curve shown with the dashed-dotted line of FIG.
That is, when the wind speed is Ux in the rotational speed vs. output characteristics of the windmill in FIG. 8, the maximum windmill output Px at the windmill rotational speed Nx as indicated by the intersection Sx between the windmill output curve of the wind speed Ux and the maximum output curve. It becomes.
When the wind speed is Uy, the windmill maximum output Py at the wind speed Uy is obtained at the windmill rotational speed Ny.

  In other words, looking at the maximum output curve in FIG. 8 in order to obtain the maximum output from the wind, when the wind turbine rotation speed N is determined, the output P of the permanent magnet generator at that time is uniquely determined to be the maximum. This indicates that the value on the output curve may be determined.

  FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram in the case where the direct current output of the distributed power generator 2 targeted by the prior application technology is connected to a constant voltage source such as a battery, in the permanent magnet generator 3 of the small wind power generator 2. Each output of the first to third windings W1 to W3 is different from each other in FIG. 7 due to the difference in the induced voltage value of each winding and the voltage drop due to the internal inductance of each winding and the reactor connected to each winding output. It becomes like P1-P3 shown to the rotation speed versus output characteristic of the windmill by a line.

That is, when the wind turbine rotation speed N is low, the voltage V3 generated by the third winding W3 is lower than the battery voltage Vb, so that the battery is not charged. However, when the wind turbine rotational speed N rises and approaches N3, current starts to flow, and when the wind turbine rotational speed N reaches N3, the output P3 of the third winding W3 becomes P31. Even if the wind turbine speed N increases further and the induced voltage rises, the battery voltage Vb is substantially constant, and the impedance due to the inductance of the third winding W3 and the third reactor is proportional to the frequency. Therefore, the output P3 only increases gradually from P31.
As for the second winding W2, the induced voltage rises as the rotational speed N further rises, and an output begins to be obtained. However, since the internal inductance and the like are small, a large output can be obtained. With respect to the first winding W1, a larger output can be obtained when the rotational speed N further increases.

The output to the constant voltage source such as the battery 12 of the power generator 2 for the distributed power source configured as described above is the same as the total output obtained by adding the outputs P1 to P3 of the first to third windings. This is represented by an approximate output curve indicated by a dotted line in FIG. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, this total output realizes an approximation of the maximum output curve shown by the solid line in FIG.
JP 2004-64928 A (FIG. 1)

The problem to be solved is that in the small wind power generator 2 composed of three types of windings and three types of reactors as described above, a large number of reactors are necessary. Since the winding configuration is complicated, the number of manufacturing steps is increased and the cost is increased.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and in order to obtain an approximate maximum output from a wind turbine or a water turbine, the types of windings in the permanent magnet generator 3 are reduced, and the reactor connected to the outside is a saturated reactor. It is comprised by these, It is the electric power generating apparatus for distributed power supplies characterized by the above-mentioned.

  The power generator 2 for a distributed power source according to the present invention can reduce the number of manufacturing steps and reduce the price because the types of windings and reactors in the permanent magnet generator 3 are reduced.

  The winding in the permanent magnet generator 3 is made of two types of windings with different induced voltages, and the reactor connected to the two types of windings is connected to the winding with the lower induced voltage. The reactor to be made was constituted by making it a saturated reactor.

FIG. 1 shows a case where the present invention is applied to a windmill, and is a main circuit single line connection diagram of a power generator for a distributed power source driven by the windmill.
In the figure, 2 is a generator for a distributed power source, 3 is a permanent magnet generator, 13 is a saturated reactor, 5 is a second reactor, 7 and 8 are first and second rectifiers, and 10 is a positive output terminal. , 11 are negative output terminals, and the same numbers as those in FIG. 9 represent the same components.
Hereinafter, FIG. 1 will be described.

The permanent magnet generator constituting the power generator 2 for a distributed power source of the present invention has two insulated windings having different numbers of windings, and the winding W1 having a low induced voltage in the two windings is: It is connected to the saturation reactor 13 and further connected to the first rectifier 7.
The winding W <b> 2 having a high induced voltage is connected to the second reactor 5 and further connected to the second rectifier 8.
The DC side of each of the first and second rectifiers 7 and 8 is connected to the positive output terminal 10 and the negative output terminal 11 and further connected to the battery 12.

As the saturated reactor 13, as shown in the current vs. inductance characteristic of the saturated reactor in FIG. 5, the one having a characteristic that the iron core constituting the reactor is saturated due to an increase in current and the inductance value decreases is used. In other words, the current Ix is the inductance Lx, but the current decreases more than that.
Such a saturated reactor can be realized by optimizing the iron core, gap size and number of turns.
Accordingly, in the distributed power generation device 2 in FIG. 1, the first reactor 4 connected to the winding W1 is the first in order to delete the winding W3 and the reactor 6 of the distributed power generation device 2 in FIG. 9. The saturated reactor 13 is configured.

A method of approximating the maximum output uniquely determined from the shape of the windmill at various wind speeds from the distributed power generator 2 configured as described above is shown in FIG. A description will be given with reference to the rotational speed versus output characteristic diagram and the rotational speed versus output characteristic diagram of each winding of the power generator for the distributed power source of the present invention in FIG.
In the rotational speed versus output characteristics diagram of each winding of the power generator for a distributed power source of FIG. 4, the inductance value differs from the output of the first winding W1 to which the reactor having a constant inductance value in FIG. 9 is connected. The output P1 of the winding W1 to which the first saturation reactor 13 that becomes smaller as the current increases is connected and rises with a curve that rises to the right as the rotational speed increases.
The output characteristics of the winding W1 depend on the internal inductance value of the winding W1 in the permanent magnet generator 3 and the inductance value of the first saturation reactor 13, which do not vary with the rotational speed, the induced voltage, and the current value.

  The output to the constant voltage source such as the battery 12 of the wind turbine generator 2 for the distributed power source configured as described above is the same as the total output obtained by adding the outputs P1 and P2 of the windings W1 and W2. It is represented by an approximate output curve indicated by a dotted line 3. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, this total output realizes an approximation of a maximum output curve indicated by a solid line.

In the present invention, the approximate output curve shown in FIG. 3 is made closer to the maximum output curve, and in order to extract the energy from the wind as much as possible, each winding W1, W2 of the permanent magnet generator 3 of the present invention is used. This is possible by adjusting the induced voltage value and the internal inductance value and the inductance values of the first saturated reactor 13 and the second reactor 5.
That is, the maximum output curve shown in FIG. 3 is a cubic curve with respect to the wind turbine speed, but the internal inductance of each of the plurality of windings and the voltage drop due to the reactor are proportional to the wind turbine speed. The induced voltage of each of the plurality of windings is proportional to the number of turns, but the internal inductance is designed in consideration of the fact that it is proportional to the square of the number of turns.

As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, the permanent magnet generator 3 that constitutes the power generator 2 for the distributed power source generates different induced voltages and outputs. The cross-sectional area of the winding W1 through which the current flows is larger than the cross-sectional area of the winding W2.
In addition, the permanent magnet generator 3 only needs to be configured with internal windings so as to generate induced voltages and outputs having different absolute values, and the windings having different numbers of windings are necessarily placed in the same stator slot. There is no.
Furthermore, the power generator 2 for a distributed power source according to the present invention is not limited to three phases, but can be any number of phases.

Further, the case of charging a constant voltage source such as the battery 12 from the power generator for the distributed power source according to the present invention has been described. However, when the DC voltage rises due to charging, it tries to charge the increased DC voltage. For this reason, the approximate output curve of the distributed power generation device of FIG. 3 deviates to the right from the maximum output curve, and the output decreases. This is a voltage increase as a result of sufficiently charging the constant voltage source such as the battery 12 by wind power generation, and there is no problem with the entire system including the constant voltage source such as the battery 12. No. In a system that further increases the voltage, a constant voltage source such as the battery 12 may be disconnected or the windmill may be stopped.
Furthermore, when the DC voltage changes depending on the magnitude of the charging current, the number of turns and the saturation reactor may be designed so that the approximate output curve of the power generator for distributed power supply is closest to the maximum output curve.

FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, the distributed power generator 2 is composed of a permanent magnet generator 3, first and second saturated reactors 13 and 14, first and second rectifiers 7 and 8, and a battery 12. The same number represents the same component In the first embodiment of the present invention, the reactor connected to the first winding W1 is described as being constituted by a saturated reactor, but in the second embodiment of the present invention, The reactor connected to the second winding W2 is also a saturated reactor.
That is, the configuration in which the output P2 in FIG. 4 is increased with the increase in the rotational speed is such that the approximate output curve of the distributed power generation device 2 in FIG. 3 is made closer to the maximum output curve.

According to the distributed power generator 2 of the present invention, an anemometer or an expensive PWM converter is not required, and the number of windings and reactors in the permanent magnet generator 3 are reduced, so that the configuration is inexpensive. In addition, since the standby power required in the PWM converter is not necessary, the amount of power generation throughout the year can be increased, which is very useful in practice.
Here, the reactor and the saturated reactor are provided with taps, so that fine adjustment is possible, so that the approximate output curve can be made closer to the maximum output curve and energy from the wind can be extracted as much as possible. .
The above has been described with reference to wind power. However, for example, if the shape of a water turbine is determined like hydraulic power, the present invention can also be applied to applications in which the rotational speed versus output characteristics when the maximum output is taken out are uniquely determined.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is the 1st Example of this invention, and is the main circuit single wire connection diagram of the generator device for distributed power supplies applied to the windmill. It is a 2nd Example of this invention, and is the main circuit single wire connection diagram of the generator device for distributed power supplies applied to the windmill. It is a rotation speed versus windmill output characteristic figure of the power generator for distributed power in the 1st example of the present invention. It is a rotation speed versus output characteristic figure of each winding of the power generator for distributed power in the 1st example of the present invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the inductance of a saturation reactor. It is a rotation speed vs. windmill output characteristic figure of the conventional power generator for distributed power supplies. It is a rotation speed versus output characteristic figure of each winding of the conventional power generator for distributed power supplies. It is a figure explaining the outline | summary of the rotation speed versus output characteristic of a windmill when a wind speed is made into a parameter. It is a main circuit single line connection diagram of the conventional power generator for distributed power supplies.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Windmill 2 Distributed power generator 3 Permanent magnet type generators 4-6 First to third reactors 7-9 First to third diode rectifiers 10 Positive output terminal 11 Negative output terminal 12 Battery 13 First Saturating reactor 14 Second saturated reactor

Claims (2)

In a distributed power generator for rectifying an alternating current output of a permanent magnet generator driven by a windmill or a water turbine and outputting the direct current, the permanent magnet generator is composed of two types of windings having different induced voltages. Then, the AC output of the winding having a low induced voltage of the two types of windings is rectified through a series connection of saturated reactors having a characteristic that the inductance value gradually decreases when the current value exceeds a certain value , An AC output of a winding having a high induced voltage of the two types of windings is rectified through a series connection of unsaturated reactors, and the rectified outputs are connected in parallel. In a distributed power generator for rectifying an alternating current output of a permanent magnet generator driven by a windmill or a water turbine and outputting the direct current, the permanent magnet generator is composed of two types of windings having different induced voltages. Then, the AC outputs of the two types of windings are rectified through series connection of saturated reactors having a characteristic that the inductance value gradually decreases when the current value exceeds a certain value , and the rectified outputs are connected in parallel. A power generator for a distributed power source.

Images