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JP6955978B2 - Hydropower system and control method - Google Patents
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JP6955978B2 - Hydropower system and control method - Google Patents

Hydropower system and control method Download PDF

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JP6955978B2
JP6955978B2 JP2017227737A JP2017227737A JP6955978B2 JP 6955978 B2 JP6955978 B2 JP 6955978B2 JP 2017227737 A JP2017227737 A JP 2017227737A JP 2017227737 A JP2017227737 A JP 2017227737A JP 6955978 B2 JP6955978 B2 JP 6955978B2
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stall
power
generator
rotation speed
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JP2019097367A (en
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伊藤 隆志
隆志 伊藤
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NTN Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/04Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/10Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20Hydro energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Description

この発明は、水力発電装置の失速状態を判定して正常状態に復帰させる機能を備えた
水力発電システムおよび制御方法に関する。
The present invention relates to a hydroelectric power generation system and a control method having a function of determining a stall state of a hydroelectric power generation device and returning it to a normal state.

水力発電装置は、流水が持つ運動エネルギーを発電に利用するシステムである。水力発電装置の主な構成要素として、水の流れを受け回転する水車、水車と連結され回転エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する発電機と、発電機の出力および水車を制御する制御装置を備える。
発電機より取り出す最適な電力は、流速により変化するため、前記制御装置は、流速、水車の回転速度、あるいは発電機の発電電圧を計測して、発電機より取り出す最適な電力を決定し、発電機の発電電力と最適値が一致するように制御する。
A hydroelectric power generation device is a system that uses the kinetic energy of running water for power generation. The main components of the hydroelectric power generator include a turbine that rotates in response to the flow of water, a generator that is connected to the turbine and converts rotational energy into electrical energy, and a control device that controls the output of the generator and the turbine.
Since the optimum power to be extracted from the generator changes depending on the flow velocity, the control device measures the flow velocity, the rotation speed of the water turbine, or the power generation voltage of the generator to determine the optimum power to be extracted from the generator to generate power. Control so that the power generated by the machine matches the optimum value.

発電機より取り出す最適な電力を決定し、発電機の電力量と最適値が一致するように制御する為には、事前に水路に水力発電機設置して流速、発電電力、発電特性を計測して最適値を設定し、制御マップ等によってテーブル特性を作成する必要がある。そのため、水力発電システムの稼働までに、計測作業などのコストアップの要因が生じる。 In order to determine the optimum power to be extracted from the generator and control it so that the amount of power of the generator matches the optimum value, install a hydraulic generator in the waterway in advance and measure the flow velocity, generated power, and power generation characteristics. It is necessary to set the optimum value and create the table characteristics by the control map or the like. Therefore, there are factors such as cost increase such as measurement work before the operation of the hydroelectric power generation system.

事前の計測、最適値の設定作業を無くす方法として、山登り方等によるMPPT制御と呼ばれる最大電力点追従制御で水力発電を制御する方法が提案されている(例えば、特許文献1)。MPPT制御は、風力発電でも用いられている(例えば、特許文献2)。 As a method of eliminating the work of pre-measurement and setting of the optimum value, a method of controlling hydroelectric power generation by maximum power point tracking control called MPPT control by mountain climbing or the like has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1). MPPT control is also used in wind power generation (for example, Patent Document 2).

特開2016−185006号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2016-185006 特開2010−200533号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-200533

水力発電制御装置にMPPT制御を適用すると、水車の回転数が低下し発電電力も低下してしまう失速状態に陥ることが有り、MPPT制御を水力発電に適用することが困難となっている。
前記特許文献2では、風力発電におけるMPPT制御ではあるが、失速に対処する制御が提案されている。すなわち、MPPT制御によって発電機の最適な動作点を探しにいく毎に、出力電圧の時間微分または出力電流の時間微分を算出して、前記動作点における出力電力と算出した出力電力の時間微分との関係が失速境界条件を満たすか否かによって失速を判定する。失速と判定されたときは、発電機の負荷を開放または軽減する。
When MPPT control is applied to a hydroelectric power generation control device, the rotation speed of the turbine is lowered and the generated power is also lowered, which may lead to a stall state, which makes it difficult to apply MPPT control to hydroelectric power generation.
In Patent Document 2, although it is MPPT control in wind power generation, a control for coping with stall is proposed. That is, every time the MPPT control is used to search for the optimum operating point of the generator, the time derivative of the output voltage or the time derivative of the output current is calculated, and the output power at the operating point and the calculated time derivative of the output power are combined with each other. The stall is determined by whether or not the relationship of is satisfied with the stall boundary condition. When it is determined to be stall, the load on the generator is released or reduced.

しかし、発電機の負荷を開放または軽減することで、前記失速境界条件を満たさなくなったときに、負荷を元の値に戻すと、また直ぐに失速境界条件を満たすことになり、電力制限のハンチングが生じることがある。 However, by releasing or reducing the load on the generator, when the stall boundary condition is no longer satisfied, if the load is returned to the original value, the stall boundary condition will be satisfied immediately, and hunting for power limitation will occur. May occur.

この発明は、上記課題を解消するものであり、その目的は、事前測定を行うことなく適切な出力電力の制御が行え、かつ失速状態となっても、発電機の負荷を軽減または開放することで失速状態から正常な発電状態に復帰させ、大きな発電電力を得ることが可能となり、かつ電力制御のハンチングを防止することができる水力発電システムおよび制御方法を提供することである。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to appropriately control the output power without performing prior measurement, and to reduce or release the load on the generator even in a stall state. It is an object of the present invention to provide a hydroelectric power generation system and a control method capable of returning from a stall state to a normal power generation state, obtaining a large amount of power generation, and preventing hunting of power control.

この発明の水力発電システムは、水力で回転する水車1と、この水車1の回転エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する発電機3と、この発電機3の負荷電力を調整して水車1の回転数を制御する制御装置4を備えた水力発電機システムであって、
前記制御装置4は、
前記発電機3の出力電力過去値および出力電力現在値を検出する電力過去現在値検出手段16と、
検出された前記発電機3の出力電力過去値および出力電力現在値を記憶する電力過去現在値記憶手段17と、
前記発電機3の回転数過去値および回転数現在値を検出する回転数過去現在値検出手段18と、
検出された前記発電機3の回転数過去値および回転数現在値を記憶する回転数過去現在値記憶手段19と、
前記発電機3の出力電力過去値と出力電力現在値の差電力を演算する差電力演算手段20と、
前記発電機3の出力回転数過去値と出力回転数現在値の差回転数を演算する差回転数演算手段21と、
前記差電力および差回転数より失速状態にあるか否かを判定する失速判定手段22と、 前記失速判定手段22にて失速と判定されたときに、前記発電機3の負荷電力を軽減または開放する負荷軽減・開放手段23とを備え、
前記失速判定手段22は、失速と判定する失速判定領域Aと非失速と判定する非失速判定領域Bとが、前記差電力と差回転数の関係を示す判定曲線a,bによって区分され、かつ前記判定曲線a,bには差電力が上昇しときに失速と判定する失速判定曲線aと差電力が低下したときに非失速と判定する復帰判定曲線bとがあって、両曲線a,b間がヒステリシス領域の失速境界領域Cとなる。
In the hydraulic power generation system of the present invention, the number of rotations of the water wheel 1 is adjusted by adjusting the water wheel 1 that rotates by hydraulic power, the generator 3 that converts the rotational energy of the water wheel 1 into electric energy, and the load power of the generator 3. It is a hydraulic generator system provided with a control device 4 for controlling.
The control device 4
The electric power past-current value detecting means 16 for detecting the output power past value and the output power present value of the generator 3 and
The electric power past-current value storage means 17 for storing the detected output power past value and output power current value of the generator 3 and
The rotation speed past-current value detecting means 18 for detecting the rotation speed past value and the rotation speed current value of the generator 3 and
The rotation speed past-current value storage means 19 for storing the detected rotation speed past value and rotation speed current value of the generator 3, and
The differential power calculation means 20 for calculating the difference power between the past output power value and the current output power value of the generator 3 and
The difference rotation speed calculation means 21 for calculating the difference rotation speed between the past value of the output rotation speed and the current value of the output rotation speed of the generator 3 and
The stall determination means 22 for determining whether or not the generator is in a stall state based on the difference power and the difference rotation speed, and the load power of the generator 3 are reduced or released when the stall determination means 22 determines the stall. Equipped with load reduction / opening means 23
In the stall determination means 22, the stall determination area A for determining stall and the non-stall determination area B for determining non-stall are classified by the determination curves a and b showing the relationship between the difference power and the difference rotation speed, and The determination curves a and b include a stall determination curve a for determining stall when the differential power increases and a return determination curve b for determining non-stall when the differential power decreases, and both curves a and b. The interval becomes the stall boundary region C in the hysteresis region.

この構成によると、前記制御装置4は、基本的には発電電力等を監視し、定められた制御規則に従って出力電力を制御することで水車1の回転数を制御する。
この間、前記失速判定手段22により、前記前記差電力および差回転数より失速状態にあるか否かを判定し、失速状態と判定されたときは、負荷軽減・開放手段23により、前記発電機3の負荷電力を軽減または開放する。このように水車1の失速が生じると、負荷電力を軽減し、または開放するため、失速状態から正常な発電状態に復帰させることができ、大きな発電電力を得ることが可能となる。
失速の判定は、現在と過去の差電力および差回転数により行うため、適切な判定が行える。また、ヒステリシス領域の失速境界領域Cを設けたため、失速判定による電力制御のハンチングが防止される。
前記回転数は単位時間当たりの回転数であり、換言すれば回転速度である。
According to this configuration, the control device 4 basically monitors the generated power and the like, and controls the output power according to a predetermined control rule to control the rotation speed of the water turbine 1.
During this time, the stall determination means 22 determines whether or not the generator is in a stall state based on the difference power and the difference rotation speed, and when the stall determination means is determined, the load reduction / opening means 23 is used to determine the generator 3 Reduce or release the load power of. When the water turbine 1 stalls in this way, the load power is reduced or released, so that the stall state can be restored to the normal power generation state, and a large amount of power generation can be obtained.
Since the stall is determined by the difference power and the difference rotation speed between the present and the past, an appropriate determination can be made. Further, since the stall boundary region C of the hysteresis region is provided, hunting of power control due to the stall determination is prevented.
The number of revolutions is the number of revolutions per unit time, in other words, the number of revolutions.

この発明の水力発電システムにおいて、前記制御装置4は、前記発電機3の出力変動対して最大電力動作点を追従制御するMPPT制御手段6を備え、前記最大電力動作点を探しに行く毎に、前記失速判定手段22による失速の判定、および前記負荷軽減・開放手段23による処理を行うようにしてもよい。
最大電力動作点を追従制御するMPPT制御によると、水車1が設置される現地での流速や水車回転数の事前計測作業を省略しても効率の良い発電が行える。しかし、水力発電システムにMPPT制御を適用すると、その制御だけでは、水車1の回転数が低下し、発電電力も低下してしまう失速状態になり、正常状態に復帰させることができない場合がある。これにつき、この発明の水力発電システムによると、前記失速判定を行い、失速時は負荷電力を低減または停止させるため、失速状態の復帰が行えて、失速による発電電力低減を大きく生じさせることなく、MPPT制御による効率的な制御が行える。
In the hydroelectric power generation system of the present invention, the control device 4 includes MPPT control means 6 for tracking and controlling the maximum power operating point with respect to the output fluctuation of the generator 3, and every time the search for the maximum power operating point is performed, the control device 4 is provided. The stall determination by the stall determination means 22 and the processing by the load reduction / release means 23 may be performed.
According to the MPPT control that follows and controls the maximum power operating point, efficient power generation can be performed even if the pre-measurement work of the flow velocity and the rotation speed of the turbine at the site where the turbine 1 is installed is omitted. However, when MPPT control is applied to the hydroelectric power generation system, the rotation speed of the turbine 1 is lowered and the generated power is also lowered, resulting in a stall state, and it may not be possible to return to the normal state only by the control. With respect to this, according to the hydroelectric power generation system of the present invention, since the stall determination is performed and the load power is reduced or stopped at the time of stall, the stall state can be restored without causing a large reduction in generated power due to stall. Efficient control can be performed by MPPT control.

この発明の水力発電システムの制御方法は、水力で回転する水車1と、この水車1の回転エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変える発電機3と、この発電機3の負荷電力を調整して水車1の回転数を制御する制御装置4とを備えた水力発電機システムに適用される水力発電機システムの制御方法であって、
前記制御装置4の制御サイクル毎に、
出力電力の過去値と現在値との差電力を求める差電力演算過程(S6)と、
前記発電機1の回転数値の過去値と現在値との差回転数を求める差回転数演算過程(S5)と、
前記差電力と差回転数との関係が、予め定められた失速境界条件を満たすか否かによって失速であるか否かを判定する失速判定過程(S6)と、
前記失速判定過程(S6)において失速であると判定した場合に、前記発電機(3)の負荷を軽減または開放する負荷軽減・開放過程(S7)とを含み、
前記失速境界条件として、失速と判定する失速判定領域Aと非失速と判定する非失速判定領域Bとが、差電力と差回転数の関係を示す判定曲線a,bによって区分され、かつ前記判定曲線には差電力が上昇したときに失速と判定する失速判定曲線aと差電力が低下したときに非失速と判定する復帰判定曲線bとが定められていて、両曲線a,b間はヒステリシス領域の失速境界領域Cとなる、
ことを特徴とする。
The control method of the hydraulic power generation system of the present invention is the rotation of the water wheel 1 by adjusting the load power of the water wheel 1 that rotates by hydraulic power, the generator 3 that converts the rotational energy of the water wheel 1 into electric energy, and the load power of the generator 3. It is a control method of a hydraulic generator system applied to a hydraulic generator system including a control device 4 for controlling a number.
For each control cycle of the control device 4,
The difference power calculation process (S6) for obtaining the difference power between the past value and the current value of the output power, and
The difference rotation speed calculation process (S5) for obtaining the difference rotation speed between the past value and the current value of the rotation value of the generator 1 and
A stall determination process (S6) for determining whether or not the relationship between the difference power and the difference rotation speed is a stall depending on whether or not a predetermined stall boundary condition is satisfied.
Including the load reduction / opening process (S7) of reducing or releasing the load of the generator (3) when the stall is determined in the stall determination process (S6).
As the stall boundary condition, the stall determination area A for determining stall and the non-stall determination area B for determining non-stall are classified by the determination curves a and b showing the relationship between the difference power and the difference rotation speed, and the determination is made. The curve defines a stall determination curve a for determining stall when the differential power increases and a return determination curve b for determining non-stall when the differential power decreases, and hysteresis is performed between the curves a and b. It becomes the stall boundary area C of the area,
It is characterized by that.

この制御方法によると、この発明の水力発電システムにつき前述したと同様に、失速状態が生じても正常な発電状態に復帰させることができ、大きな発電電力を得ることが可能となる。また、ヒステリシス領域の失速境界領域Cを設けるため、失速判定による電力制御のハンチングが防止される。 According to this control method, the hydroelectric power generation system of the present invention can be returned to the normal power generation state even if a stall state occurs, and a large amount of power generation can be obtained. Further, since the stall boundary region C of the hysteresis region is provided, hunting of power control due to the stall determination is prevented.

この発明方法において、前記制御装置4は、前記発電機3の出力変動に対して最大電力動作点を追従制御するMPPT制御手段6を備え、前記追従制御で前記動作点を探しに行く毎に、前記差電力演算過程(S6)、前記差回転数演算過程(S5)、前記失速判定過程(S7)、および前記負荷軽減・開放過程(S8)を経るようにしてもよい。
MPPT制御によると、現地での流速や水車回転数の事前計測作業を省略しても効率の良い発電が行えるが、その制御だけでは、失速状態になった場合に正常状態に復帰させることができない場合がある。これにつき、この発明方法によると、前記失速判定を行い、失速的は負荷電力を低減または停止させるため、失速状態の復帰が行えて、失速による発電電力低減を大きく生じさせることなく、MPPT制御による効率的な制御が行える。
In the method of the present invention, the control device 4 includes MPPT control means 6 for tracking and controlling the maximum power operating point with respect to the output fluctuation of the generator 3, and each time the tracking control searches for the operating point, the control device 4 is provided. The difference power calculation process (S6), the difference rotation number calculation process (S5), the stall determination process (S7), and the load reduction / release process (S8) may be performed.
According to MPPT control, efficient power generation can be performed even if the pre-measurement work of the flow velocity and the number of revolutions of the turbine is omitted, but the control alone cannot restore the normal state when the stall state occurs. In some cases. With respect to this, according to the method of the present invention, the stall determination is performed and the load power is reduced or stopped in the stall state. Efficient control is possible.

この発明の水力発電システムは、水力で回転する水車と、この水車の回転エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する発電機と、この発電機の負荷電力を調整して水車の回転数を制御する制御装置を備えた水力発電機システムであって、前記制御装置は、前記発電機の出力電力過去値および出力電力現在値を検出する電力過去現在値検出手段と、検出された前記発電機の出力電力過去値および出力電力現在値を記憶する電力過去現在値記憶手段と、前記発電機の回転数過去値および回転数現在値を検出する回転数過去現在値検出手段と、
検出された前記発電機の回転数過去値および回転数現在値を記憶する回転数過去現在値記憶手段と、前記発電機の出力電力過去値と出力電力現在値の差電力を演算する差電力演算手段と、前記発電機の出力回転数過去値と出力回転数現在値の差回転数を演算する差回転数演算手段と、前記差電力および差回転数より失速状態にあるか否かを判定する失速判定手段と、前記失速判定手段にて失速と判定されたときに、前記発電機の負荷を軽減または開放する負荷軽減・開放手段とを備え、前記失速判定手段は、失速と判定する失速判定領域と非失速と判定する非失速判定領域とが、前記差電力と差回転数の関係を示す判定曲線によって区分され、かつ前記判定曲線には差電力が上昇したときに失速と判定する失速判定曲線と差電力が低下したときに非失速と判定する復帰判定曲線とがあって、両曲線間がヒステリシス領域の失速境界領域となるため、事前測定を行うことなく適切な出力電力の制御が行え、かつ失速状態となっても、発電機の負荷を軽減または開放することで失速状態から正常な発電状態に復帰させ、大きな発電電力を得ることが可能となり、かつ電力制御のハンチングを防止することができる。
The hydraulic power generation system of the present invention includes a water wheel that rotates by hydraulic power, a generator that converts the rotational energy of the water wheel into electrical energy, and a control device that adjusts the load power of the generator to control the rotation speed of the water wheel. A hydraulic generator system provided, wherein the control device includes a power past-current value detecting means for detecting an output power past value and an output power current value of the generator, and a detected output power past value of the generator. And the power past-current value storage means for storing the output power current value, the rotation number past-current value detecting means for detecting the rotation number past value and the rotation number current value of the generator, and
Difference power calculation for calculating the difference power between the detected current value of the generator and the past value of the output power of the generator, which stores the past value and the current value of the generator. It is determined from the means, the difference rotation number calculation means for calculating the difference rotation speed between the past value of the output rotation speed of the generator and the current value of the output rotation speed, and whether or not the generator is in a stall state based on the difference power and the difference rotation speed. The stall determination means is provided with a load reduction / release means for reducing or releasing the load of the generator when the stall determination means determines the stall, and the stall determination means determines the stall. The region and the non-stray determination region to be determined as non-stray are classified by a determination curve showing the relationship between the difference power and the difference rotation speed, and the determination curve shows a stall determination to determine stall when the difference power increases. There is a curve and a return judgment curve that determines non-stray when the difference power drops, and since the stall boundary region of the hysteresis region is between the two curves, appropriate output power can be controlled without prior measurement. In addition, even if the generator is in a stalled state, by reducing or releasing the load on the generator, it is possible to return from the stalled state to the normal power generation state, obtain a large amount of generated power, and prevent hunting of power control. Can be done.

この発明の水力発電システムの制御方法は、水力で回転する水車と、この水車の回転エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変える発電機と、この発電機の負荷電力を調整して水車の回転数を制御する制御装置を備えた水力発電機システムに適用される水力発電機システムの制御方法であって、前記制御装置の制御サイクル毎に、出力電力の過去値と現在値との差電力を求める差電力演算過程と、前記発電機の回転数値の過去値と現在値との差回転数を求める差回転数演算過程と、前記差電力と差回転数との関係が、予め定められた失速境界条件を満たすか否かによって失速であるか否かを判定する失速判定過程と、前記失速判定過程において失速であると判定した場合に、前記発電機の負荷を軽減または開放する負荷軽減・開放過程とを含み、前記失速境界条件として、失速と判定する失速判定領域と非失速と判定する非失速判定領域とが、差電力と差回転数の関係を示す判定曲線によって区分され、かつ前記判定曲線には差電力が上昇したときに失速と判定する失速判定曲線と差電力が低下したときに非失速と判定する復帰判定曲線とが定められていて、両曲線間はヒステリシス領域の失速境界領域とするため、事前測定を行うことなく適切な出力電力の制御が行え、かつ失速状態となっても、発電機の負荷を軽減または開放することで失速状態から正常な発電状態に復帰させ、大きな発電電力を得ることが可能となり、かつ電力制御のハンチングを防止することができる。 The control method of the hydraulic power generation system of the present invention is a water wheel that rotates by hydraulic power, a generator that converts the rotational energy of the water wheel into electric energy, and a control that controls the rotation speed of the water wheel by adjusting the load power of this generator. It is a control method of a hydraulic generator system applied to a hydraulic generator system equipped with a device, and is a differential power calculation process for obtaining the difference power between the past value and the current value of the output power for each control cycle of the control device. And whether the relationship between the difference rotation number calculation process for obtaining the difference rotation speed between the past value and the current value of the rotation value of the generator and the difference power and the difference rotation speed satisfies a predetermined stall boundary condition. It includes a stall determination process for determining whether or not the generator is stall depending on whether or not it is present, and a load reduction / opening process for reducing or releasing the load of the generator when it is determined to be stall in the stall determination process. As the stall boundary condition, the stall determination region determined to be stall and the non-stray determination region determined to be non-stray are classified by a determination curve showing the relationship between the difference power and the difference rotation speed, and the determination curve includes the difference power. A stall judgment curve that determines stall when increases and a return determination curve that determines non-stray when the difference power decreases are defined, and the interval between the two curves is the stall boundary region of the hysteresis region. Appropriate output power can be controlled without measurement, and even if the generator is in a stalled state, the load on the generator can be reduced or released to restore the stalled state to the normal power generation state and obtain a large amount of generated power. It is possible to prevent hunting of power control.

この発明の一実施形態に係る水力発電システムの概略を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline of the hydroelectric power generation system which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 同水力発電システムの概念構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the conceptual structure of the hydroelectric power generation system. 失速判定領域と非失速判定領域の参考例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the reference example of a stall determination area and a non-stall determination area. 同実施形態に設定される失速判定領域、非失速判定領域、および失速境界領域の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the stall determination area, the non-stall determination area, and the stall boundary area set in the same embodiment. 同水力発電システムで行う制御方法の手順を示す流れ図である。It is a flow chart which shows the procedure of the control method performed by the hydroelectric power generation system. 同水力発電システムで用いる水力発電機の他の例の概略説明図である。It is the schematic explanatory drawing of another example of the hydroelectric generator used in the hydroelectric power generation system.

この発明の一実施形態を図面と共に説明する。この水力発電システムは、水平軸型(プロペラ型)水力発電機の例である。水路(図示せず)を流れる水の運動エネルギーにより水車1が回転し、水車1の主軸2が発電機3を回転させる。発電機3は、例えば永久磁石を使用した三相同期発電機であり、主軸2にカップリング(図示せず)等で連結されている。主軸2と発電機3の間に、図6の例のように増速機25が設けられていてもよい。
発電機2に負荷を接続して出力をとると、水車1に発電機3からトルクがかかり、水車1の回転が制動される。負荷電力を重くすると水車3の回転速度は遅くなり、負荷電力を軽くすると水車3の回転速度は速くなる。
発電機3の負荷として、制御装置4を介して負荷回路が接続され、制御装置4は、流速に応じて発電機3のトルクを増減させ、水車が最適な回転数で回転するように制御している。制御装置4には、DC/DCコンバータやインバータ等が使用される。負荷回路5は電気機器や負荷系統である。
An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. This hydroelectric power generation system is an example of a horizontal axis type (propeller type) hydroelectric power generator. The kinetic energy of water flowing through the water channel (not shown) causes the water wheel 1 to rotate, and the main shaft 2 of the water wheel 1 rotates the generator 3. The generator 3 is, for example, a three-phase synchronous generator using a permanent magnet, and is connected to the spindle 2 by a coupling (not shown) or the like. A speed increaser 25 may be provided between the spindle 2 and the generator 3 as shown in the example of FIG.
When a load is connected to the generator 2 and an output is taken, torque is applied to the turbine 1 from the generator 3, and the rotation of the turbine 1 is braked. When the load power is increased, the rotation speed of the turbine 3 is slowed down, and when the load power is lightened, the rotation speed of the turbine 3 is increased.
As a load of the generator 3, a load circuit is connected via a control device 4, and the control device 4 increases or decreases the torque of the generator 3 according to the flow velocity, and controls the water turbine to rotate at an optimum rotation speed. ing. A DC / DC converter, an inverter, or the like is used for the control device 4. The load circuit 5 is an electric device or a load system.

図2は、制御装置4の具体例を示す。制御装置4は、発電機3の発電電力を負荷回路5に供給する主回路部6と、この主回路部6を制御する制御回路部7とを備え、この他に、発電電力を蓄えるバッテリー8を備えている。
主回路部6は、バッテリー8と発電3との間に、順に介在した整流器9、コンバータ10、電流計11、電圧計24、およびスイッチング手段12を有する。
FIG. 2 shows a specific example of the control device 4. The control device 4 includes a main circuit unit 6 that supplies the generated power of the generator 3 to the load circuit 5, and a control circuit unit 7 that controls the main circuit unit 6, and in addition, a battery 8 that stores the generated power. It has.
The main circuit unit 6 includes a rectifier 9, a converter 10, an ammeter 11, a voltmeter 24, and a switching means 12 that are interposed between the battery 8 and the power generation 3 in this order.

整流器9は、発電機3の発電した三相交流の電力を直流に整流する機器であり、半導体スイッチング素子のハーフブリッジ回路で構成されている。
コンバータ10は、例えば昇圧チョッパからなる。降圧チョッパとしてもよい。
スイッチング手段12は、前記整流がなされた直流電力をオンオフしてバッテリー8に供給するか否かを切り換える手段である。スイッチング手段12は、半導体スイッチング素子であっても、有接点スイッチであってもよい。スイッチング手段12は、ゲート回路15が出力する制御信号によってオンオフの切換が可能である。
The rectifier 9 is a device that rectifies the three-phase alternating current power generated by the generator 3 to direct current, and is composed of a half-bridge circuit of a semiconductor switching element.
The converter 10 comprises, for example, a boost chopper. It may be used as a step-down chopper.
The switching means 12 is a means for switching whether or not to turn on / off the rectified DC power and supply it to the battery 8. The switching means 12 may be a semiconductor switching element or a contact switch. The switching means 12 can be switched on and off by a control signal output from the gate circuit 15.

バッテリー8と負荷回路5とは並列であり、発電機3の発電電力をバーテリー8へ充電しながら、負荷回路5に給電することができる。
前記主回路部6は、発電機3の出力側にバッテリー8と負荷回路5とを並列に接続しているため、出力電圧は略一定になる。したがって、スイッチング手段12の開閉でコンバータ10のデューティーを調整することによって、発電機3の出力電力を調整することができる。
The battery 8 and the load circuit 5 are in parallel, and the power generated by the generator 3 can be supplied to the load circuit 5 while being charged to the battery 8.
Since the battery 8 and the load circuit 5 are connected in parallel to the output side of the generator 3 in the main circuit unit 6, the output voltage becomes substantially constant. Therefore, the output power of the generator 3 can be adjusted by adjusting the duty of the converter 10 by opening and closing the switching means 12.

制御回路部7は、この例ではMPPT制御手段13で基本的な制御を行い、水車1の失速に対する制御を失速対応制御手段14で行う。MPPT制御手段13および失速対応制御手段14は、いずれも、ゲート回路15の制御により前記スイッチング手段12を開閉制御することで、出力電力を調整する。
なお、制御回路部7は、MPPT制御手段13とは別の制御方法を採る基本制御手段で基本的な制御を行うようにしてもよい。
In this example, the control circuit unit 7 performs basic control by the MPPT control means 13, and controls the stall of the turbine 1 by the stall response control means 14. Both the MPPT control means 13 and the stall response control means 14 adjust the output power by controlling the opening and closing of the switching means 12 under the control of the gate circuit 15.
The control circuit unit 7 may perform basic control by a basic control means that employs a control method different from that of the MPPT control means 13.

MPPT制御手段13は、発電機3の出力電力の変動に対して、発電機3の動作点が常に制御上の最大出力動作点を追従するように変化させることで、発電機3から最大の出力を取り出す制御を行う手段である。前記最大出力動作点は、MPPT制御手段13でサンプリング毎に得られる動作点のうち、電流計11、電圧計24、で検出される負荷回路5への出力最大となる動作点である。 The MPPT control means 13 changes the operating point of the generator 3 so as to always follow the maximum output operating point in control with respect to the fluctuation of the output power of the generator 3, so that the maximum output from the generator 3 is reached. It is a means for controlling the extraction of power. The maximum output operating point is an operating point that maximizes the output to the load circuit 5 detected by the ammeter 11 and the voltmeter 24 among the operating points obtained for each sampling by the MPPT control means 13.

失速対応制御手段14は、電力過去現在値検出手段16、電力過去現在値記憶手段17、回転数過去現在値検出手段18、回転数過去現在値記憶手段19、差電力演算手段20、差回転数演算手段21、失速判定手段22、および負荷軽減・開放手段23を有する。
失速対応制御手段14は、一連の失速判定の制御を繰り返して行う。この実施形態では、MPPT制御で前記動作点を探しに行く毎に、失速判定手段22による失速の判定、および前記負荷軽減・開放手段23による処理を行う。
The stall response control means 14 is a power past / present value detecting means 16, a power past / present value storing means 17, a rotation number past / present value detecting means 18, a rotation number past / present value storing means 19, a difference power calculation means 20, and a difference rotation number. It has a calculation means 21, a stall determination means 22, and a load reduction / release means 23.
The stall response control means 14 repeatedly controls a series of stall determinations. In this embodiment, every time the MPPT control is used to search for the operating point, the stall determination means 22 determines the stall, and the load reduction / release means 23 performs processing.

電力過去現在値検出手段16は、前記発電機3の出力電力過去値および出力電力現在値を検出する。出力電力現在値は、前記一連の失速判定の制御毎のサンプリング、この例では前記MPPT制御で動作点を探しに行く毎にサンプリングを行うときの今回サンプリング時の出力電力である。出力電力過去値は、例えば、今回の1回前のサンプリングにおける出力電力である。出力電力過去値は、最近の複数回のサンプリングの出力電力の平均値としてもよい。前記サンプリングされる出力電力は、例えば前記電流計11で得られた電流に、電圧計24で得られた電圧を掛けた値とされる。バッテリー8の電圧となる一定の電圧を掛けた値としてもよい。電力計(図示せず)を設けて検出してもよい、
電力過去現在値記憶手段16は、検出された前記発電機3の出力電力過去値および出力電力現在値を記憶する手段である。
The electric power past-current value detecting means 16 detects the output electric power past value and the output electric power current value of the generator 3. The current output power value is the output power at the time of sampling this time when sampling is performed for each control of the series of stall determinations, and in this example, sampling is performed every time the MPPT control is used to search for an operating point. The past output power value is, for example, the output power in the sampling one time before this time. The past output power value may be the average value of the output power of a plurality of recent samplings. The sampled output power is, for example, a value obtained by multiplying the current obtained by the ammeter 11 by the voltage obtained by the voltmeter 24. It may be a value multiplied by a constant voltage which is the voltage of the battery 8. A power meter (not shown) may be provided for detection.
The electric power past-current value storage means 16 is a means for storing the detected output power past value and output power current value of the generator 3.

回転数過去現在値検出手段18は、発電機3に備えられた回転検出器(図示せず)から、発電機3の回転数過去値および回転数現在値を検出する手段である。回転数過去値および回転数現在値は、出力電圧過去値、出力電圧現在値と同じく、前記サンプリングの前回および今回の回転数である。
回転数過去現在値記憶手段19は、検出された前記発電機3の回転数過去値および回転数現在値を記憶する手段である。
The rotation speed past / present value detecting means 18 is a means for detecting the rotation speed past value and the rotation speed current value of the generator 3 from a rotation detector (not shown) provided in the generator 3. The rotation speed past value and the rotation speed current value are the rotation speeds of the previous time and the present time of the sampling as well as the output voltage past value and the output voltage current value.
The rotation speed past / present value storage means 19 is a means for storing the detected rotation speed past value and rotation speed current value of the generator 3.

差電力演算手段20は、電力過去現在値記憶手段19に記憶された発電機3の出力電力過去値と出力電力現在値の差電力ΔPを演算する手段である。
差回転数演算手段13は、回転数過去現在値記憶手段19に記憶された発電機3の出力回転数過去値と出力回転数現在値の差回転数ΔNを演算する手段である。
The difference power calculation means 20 is a means for calculating the difference power ΔP between the output power past value and the output power current value of the generator 3 stored in the power past-current value storage means 19.
The difference rotation speed calculation means 13 is a means for calculating the difference rotation speed ΔN between the output rotation speed past value and the output rotation speed current value of the generator 3 stored in the rotation speed past / current value storage means 19.

失速判定手段22は、前記差電力ΔPおよび差回転数ΔNより定められた失速境界条件を満たすか否かによって、失速状態であるか否かを判定する手段である。
具体的には、図4に示すように、失速と判定する失速判定領域Aと非失速と判定する非失速判定領域Bとが、差電力ΔPと差回転数ΔNの関係を示す判定曲線a,bによって区分されている。判定曲線a,bは、図3の例のような1本の判定曲線dとせずに、差電力ΔPが上昇しときに失速と判定する失速判定曲線aと差電力が低下したときに非失速と判定する復帰判定曲線bとが定められ、両曲線a,b間がヒステリシス領域の失速境界領域Cとなる。
The stall determining means 22 is a means for determining whether or not the vehicle is in a stall state depending on whether or not the stall boundary condition satisfied by the difference power ΔP and the difference rotation speed ΔN is satisfied.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the determination curve a, showing the relationship between the difference power ΔP and the difference rotation speed ΔN between the stall determination area A for determining stall and the non-stall determination area B for determining non-stall. It is classified by b. The determination curves a and b are not a single determination curve d as in the example of FIG. 3, but a stall determination curve a that determines stall when the differential power ΔP increases and a non-stall when the differential power decreases. The return determination curve b is defined, and the area between the curves a and b is the stall boundary region C in the hysteresis region.

負荷軽減・開放手段23は、失速判定手段22によって失速と判定されたときに、発電機3の負荷電力を軽減または開放する手段である。負荷軽減・開放手段23は、具体的には、ゲート回路15を介してスイッチング手段12の開閉によりコンバータ10のデューティーを低減し、またはスイッチング手段12を開き続けることで、負荷電力の軽減または開放を行う。 The load reducing / releasing means 23 is a means for reducing or releasing the load power of the generator 3 when the stall determining means 22 determines that the stall has occurred. Specifically, the load reducing / releasing means 23 reduces the duty of the converter 10 by opening / closing the switching means 12 via the gate circuit 15, or reduces or releases the load power by continuing to open the switching means 12. conduct.

図5と共に、上記構成の水力発電システムにおける失速対応制御の流れを説明する。同図は、図2の失速対応制御手段14が行う制御の流れであり、同図の制御は、MPPT制御で動作点を探しに行く毎に繰り返される。
まず、回転数検出過程(S1)で発電機3の回転数過去値および回転数現在値の検出を行い、電力検出過程(S2)で発電機3の出力電力過去値および出力電力現在値の検出を行う。
これらの検出された回転数過去値(前回値N0)、回転数現在値(N1)、出力電力過去値(前回値P0)および出力電力現在値(P1)は、回転数記憶過程(S3)および電力記憶過程(S4)で回転数過去現在値記憶手段19および電力過去現在値記憶手段17に記憶される。記憶内容は、制御サイクル毎に更新される。
Along with FIG. 5, the flow of stall response control in the hydroelectric power generation system having the above configuration will be described. FIG. 6 shows a flow of control performed by the stall response control means 14 of FIG. 2, and the control of FIG. 2 is repeated every time the MPPT control is used to search for an operating point.
First, the rotation speed detection process (S1) detects the rotation speed past value and the rotation speed current value of the generator 3, and the power detection process (S2) detects the output power past value and the output power current value of the generator 3. I do.
These detected past rotation speed values (previous value N0), current rotation speed value (N1), past output power value (previous value P0), and current output power value (P1) are the rotation speed storage process (S3) and In the power storage process (S4), the number of revolutions is stored in the past / present value storage means 19 and the past / present value storage means 17. The stored contents are updated every control cycle.

記憶された回転数過去値(前回値N0)と回転数現在値(N1)の差回転数ΔNを、差回転数演算過程(S5)で演算し、記憶された出力電力過去値(前回値P0)と出力電力現在値(P1)との差電力ΔPを、差電力演算過程(S6)で演算する。 The difference rotation number ΔN between the stored rotation number past value (previous value N0) and the rotation number current value (N1) is calculated in the difference rotation number calculation process (S5), and the stored output power past value (previous value P0) is calculated. ) And the current output power value (P1), the difference power ΔP is calculated in the difference power calculation process (S6).

失速判定過程(S7)では、演算された差回転数ΔNと差電力Δが、予め定められた失速境界条件を満たすか否かによって失速であるか否かを、失速判定手段22で判定する。 失速していない場合は、そのまま制御終了する。
失速と判定された場合は、負荷軽減・開放過程(S8)で、負荷軽減・開放手段23によって、ゲート回路15を介してスイッチング手段12を開く時間を長くし、または開き続けさせることで、発電機3の負荷電力を低減しまたは開放する。
In the stall determination process (S7), the stall determination means 22 determines whether or not the calculated difference rotation speed ΔN and the difference power Δ are stalls depending on whether or not the predetermined stall boundary conditions are satisfied. If it has not stalled, the control ends as it is.
If it is determined to be stall, in the load reduction / opening process (S8), the load reduction / opening means 23 prolongs the opening time of the switching means 12 via the gate circuit 15 or keeps the switching means 12 open to generate electric power. Reduce or release the load power of the machine 3.

水力発電システムで制御装置4によってMPPT制御で最大電力点を追従していると、水車1が失速状態に陥ることが有り、発電電力の大幅な低下を招くこととなる。
しかし、上記のように、失速状態を制御装置4にて判定し、負荷電力を低減または開放することで、正常な発電状態とすることが出来る。これにより、大きな発電電力を得ることが可能となる。
If the control device 4 follows the maximum power point by MPPT control in the hydroelectric power generation system, the turbine 1 may fall into a stall state, resulting in a significant decrease in the generated power.
However, as described above, the stall state is determined by the control device 4, and the load power is reduced or released, so that the normal power generation state can be obtained. This makes it possible to obtain a large amount of generated power.

上記のように失速状態を判定する場合に、図3のように失速判定領域Aと非失速と判定する非失速判定領域Bとが1本の判定曲線dで区分されていると、失速と判定して負荷電力を低減または開放し、非失速状態となった後、水流の流速等は大きな変化がないため、再び失速し、失速判定のハンチングを生じることがある。 When determining the stall state as described above, if the stall determination area A and the non-stall determination area B determined to be non-stall are separated by one determination curve d as shown in FIG. 3, it is determined to be stall. After the load power is reduced or released to a non-stall state, the flow velocity of the water flow does not change significantly, so the stall may occur again and hunting for stall determination may occur.

しかし、この実施形態では、前記失速境界条件として、図4のように、失速と判定する失速判定領域Aと非失速と判定する非失速判定領域Bとが、差電力と差回転数の関係を示す2本の判定曲線a,bによって区分されている。すなわち、前記判定曲線には差電力が上昇したときに失速と判定する失速判定曲線aと差電力が低下したときに非失速と判定する復帰判定曲線bとが定められていて、両曲線間はヒステリシス領域の失速境界領域Cとして定められている。
失速判定曲線aで判定するか、復帰判定曲線bで判定するかは、前回の制御サイクルにおいて、非失速状態と失速状態のいずれであったかをフラグ等の記憶しておき、前回が非失速状態であったときは失速判定曲線aを用いて判定し、前回が失速状態であったときは復帰判定曲線bを用いて判定する。
失速判定曲線aを超えて一旦失速と判定された場合、前記負荷電力の低減または開放で前記失速判定曲線a以下となっても、失速判定状態を維持し、復帰判定曲線bよりも低下すると、非失速状態であると判定する。そのため、失速判定のハンチングが防止され、制御が安定する。
However, in this embodiment, as the stall boundary condition, as shown in FIG. 4, the stall determination area A for determining stall and the non-stall determination area B for determining non-stall have a relationship between the difference power and the difference rotation speed. It is divided by the two judgment curves a and b shown. That is, the determination curve defines a stall determination curve a that determines stall when the differential power increases and a return determination curve b that determines non-stall when the differential power decreases. It is defined as the stall boundary region C in the hysteresis region.
Whether to judge by the stall judgment curve a or the return judgment curve b is determined by storing a flag or the like as to whether the stall state or the stall state was in the previous control cycle, and the previous time is the non-stall state. If there is, the stall determination curve a is used for determination, and if the previous stall state was present, the return determination curve b is used for determination.
When the stall determination curve a is exceeded and the stall is once determined, even if the stall determination curve a or less is reached due to the reduction or opening of the load power, the stall determination state is maintained and the stall determination curve is lower than the return determination curve b. Determined to be in a non-stall state. Therefore, hunting for stall determination is prevented and control is stable.

今回開示された実施の形態はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は上記した説明ではなくて特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。 It should be considered that the embodiments disclosed this time are exemplary in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown by the scope of claims rather than the above description, and it is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of claims.

1…水車
3…発電機
4…制御装置
5…負荷回路
6…主回路部
7…制御回路部
8…バッテリー
13…MPPT制御手段
14…失速対応制御手段
16…電力過去現在値検出手段
17…電力過去現在値記憶手段
18…回転数過去現在値検出手段
19…回転数過去現在値記憶手段
20…差電力演算手段
21…差回転数演算手段
22…失速判定手段
23…負荷軽減・開放手段
1 ... Water wheel 3 ... Generator 4 ... Control device 5 ... Load circuit 6 ... Main circuit unit 7 ... Control circuit unit 8 ... Battery 13 ... MPPT control means 14 ... Stall response control means 16 ... Electric power Past and present value detecting means 17 ... Electric power Past / current value storage means 18 ... Rotation number Past / present value detection means 19 ... Rotation number Past / present value storage means 20 ... Difference power calculation means 21 ... Difference rotation number calculation means 22 ... Stall determination means 23 ... Load reduction / release means

Claims (4)

水力で回転する水車と、この水車の回転エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換する発電機と、この発電機の負荷電力を調整して水車の回転数を制御する制御装置を備えた水力発電機システムであって、
前記制御装置は、
前記発電機の出力電力過去値および出力電力現在値を検出する電力過去現在値検出手段と、
検出された前記発電機の出力電力過去値および出力電力現在値を記憶する電力過去現在値記憶手段と、
前記発電機の回転数過去値および回転数現在値を検出する回転数過去現在値検出手段と、
検出された前記発電機の回転数過去値および回転数現在値を記憶する回転数過去現在値記憶手段と、
前記発電機の出力電力過去値と出力電力現在値の差電力を演算する差電力演算手段と、 前記発電機の出力回転数過去値と出力回転数現在値の差回転数を演算する差回転数演算手段と、
前記差電力および差回転数より失速状態にあるか否かを判定する失速判定手段と、
前記失速判定手段にて失速と判定されたときに、前記発電機の負荷を軽減または開放する負荷軽減・開放手段とを備え、
前記失速判定手段は、失速と判定する失速判定領域と非失速と判定する非失速判定領域とが、前記差電力と差回転数の関係を示す判定曲線によって区分され、かつ前記判定曲線には差電力が上昇したときに失速と判定する失速判定曲線と差電力が低下したときに非失速と判定する復帰判定曲線とがあって、両曲線間がヒステリシス領域の失速境界領域となる、
水力発電システム。
It is a hydraulic generator system equipped with a hydraulic turbine, a generator that converts the rotational energy of the turbine into electrical energy, and a control device that adjusts the load power of this generator to control the rotation speed of the turbine. hand,
The control device is
A power past-current value detecting means for detecting the output power past value and the output power current value of the generator, and
A power past-current value storage means for storing the detected output power past value and output power current value of the generator, and
The rotation speed past-current value detecting means for detecting the rotation speed past value and the rotation speed current value of the generator, and
A rotation speed past-current value storage means for storing the detected rotation speed past value and rotation speed current value of the generator, and
Difference power calculation means for calculating the difference power between the output power past value and the output power current value of the generator, and the difference rotation speed for calculating the difference rotation speed between the output rotation speed past value and the output rotation speed current value of the generator. Computational means and
A stall determining means for determining whether or not the vehicle is in a stall state based on the difference power and the difference rotation speed,
It is provided with a load reducing / releasing means for reducing or releasing the load of the generator when the stall determining means determines that the stall has occurred.
In the stall determination means, the stall determination region for determining stall and the non-stall determination region for determining non-stall are classified by a determination curve showing the relationship between the difference power and the difference rotation speed, and the determination curve is different. There is a stall judgment curve that determines stall when the power increases and a return determination curve that determines non-stall when the difference power decreases, and the area between the two curves is the stall boundary region of the hysteresis region.
Hydropower system.
請求項1に記載の水力発電システムにおいて、制御装置は、前記発電機の出力変動対して最大電力動作点を追従制御するMPPT制御手段を備え、前記最大電力動作点を探しに行く毎に、失速判定手段による失速の判定、および前記負荷軽減・開放手段による処理を行う水力発電システム。 In the hydroelectric power generation system according to claim 1, the control device includes MPPT control means for tracking and controlling the maximum power operating point with respect to the output fluctuation of the generator, and stalls each time the search for the maximum power operating point is performed. A hydroelectric power generation system that determines stall by a determination means and performs processing by the load reduction / release means. 水力で回転する水車と、この水車の回転エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変える発電機と、この発電機の負荷電力を調整して水車の回転数を制御する制御装置を備えた水力発電機システムに適用される水力発電機システムの制御方法であって、
前記制御装置の制御サイクル毎に、
出力電力の過去値と現在値との差電力を求める差電力演算過程と、
前記発電機の回転数値の過去値と現在値との差回転数を求める差回転数演算過程と、
前記差電力と差回転数との関係が、予め定められた失速境界条件を満たすか否かによって失速であるか否かを判定する失速判定過程と、
前記失速判定過程において失速であると判定した場合に、前記発電機の負荷を軽減または開放する負荷軽減・開放過程とを含み、
前記失速境界条件として、失速と判定する失速判定領域と非失速と判定する非失速判定領域とが、差電力と差回転数の関係を示す判定曲線によって区分され、かつ前記判定曲線には差電力が上昇したときに失速と判定する失速判定曲線と差電力が低下したときに非失速と判定する復帰判定曲線とが定められていて、両曲線間はヒステリシス領域の失速境界領域とする、
ことを特徴とする水発電システムの制御方法。
It is applied to a hydraulic generator system equipped with a hydraulic wheel, a generator that converts the rotational energy of the water wheel into electrical energy, and a control device that adjusts the load power of this generator to control the rotation speed of the water wheel. It is a control method of the hydraulic generator system.
For each control cycle of the control device
The difference power calculation process for finding the difference power between the past value and the current value of the output power,
The difference rotation speed calculation process for obtaining the difference rotation speed between the past value and the current value of the rotation value of the generator, and
A stall determination process for determining whether or not the relationship between the difference power and the difference rotation speed is a stall depending on whether or not a predetermined stall boundary condition is satisfied.
Including the load reduction / opening process of reducing or releasing the load of the generator when it is determined to be stall in the stall determination process.
As the stall boundary condition, the stall determination region for determining stall and the non-stall determination region for determining non-stall are classified by a determination curve showing the relationship between the difference power and the difference rotation speed, and the determination curve includes the difference power. A stall judgment curve that determines stall when the value rises and a return judgment curve that determines non-stall when the difference power decreases are defined, and the stall boundary region of the hysteresis region is defined between the two curves.
A method of controlling a water power generation system, which is characterized by the fact that.
請求項3に記載の水力発電システムの制御方法において、前記制御装置は、前記発電機の出力変動に対して最大電力動作点を追従制御するMPPT制御手段を備え、前記追従制御で前記動作点を探しに行く毎に、前記差電力演算過程、前記差回転数演算過程、前記失速判定過程、および前記負荷軽減・開放過程を経る水発電システムの制御方法。 In the control method of the hydraulic power generation system according to claim 3, the control device includes MPPT control means for tracking and controlling the maximum power operating point with respect to the output fluctuation of the generator, and the operating point is controlled by the tracking control. A control method for a water power generation system that undergoes the difference power calculation process, the difference rotation number calculation process, the stall determination process, and the load reduction / opening process each time a search is performed.
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