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JP4625566B2 - Organic waste treatment methods - Google Patents
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JP4625566B2 - Organic waste treatment methods - Google Patents

Organic waste treatment methods Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4625566B2
JP4625566B2 JP2000203024A JP2000203024A JP4625566B2 JP 4625566 B2 JP4625566 B2 JP 4625566B2 JP 2000203024 A JP2000203024 A JP 2000203024A JP 2000203024 A JP2000203024 A JP 2000203024A JP 4625566 B2 JP4625566 B2 JP 4625566B2
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Prior art keywords
organic waste
oil
fat
bacteria
fungus bed
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
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JP2000203024A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2002018401A (en
Inventor
有甫 石田
邦威 鈴木
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エンザイム株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、特に油脂含量を多く含む家庭用および業務用の有機性廃棄物の処理方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、有機性廃棄物を好気性生物により分解処理するものとして、コンポスト型処理と消滅型処理があり、有機性廃棄物の種類によって、分解処理速度が異なるが、中でも炭水化物の分解は比較的に容易であるが、タンパク質、油脂の順に分解が困難となって速度が遅くなる。
【0003】
このため、特に油脂を多量に含む、あるいは連続して有機性廃棄物を投入すると、分解速度の遅い油脂が未分解のまま残り、これが有機性廃棄物を被覆して他の成分(タンパク質・炭水化物)の分解まで妨害してしまう等の問題点があった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記従来の問題点を解決するためになされたもので、その目的とするところは、油脂含量が多い有機性廃棄物であっても、油脂分の分解はもとより、炭水化物やタンパク質の分解も確実かつ能率良く行うことができる有機性廃棄物の処理方法を提供することにある。
【0005】
【問題を解決するための手段】
本発明の有機性廃棄物の処理方法は、腐植土に含まれる細菌をオガクズに担持せしめて成る菌床に、油脂を多量に含む有機性廃棄物を投入して、該有機性廃棄物の炭水化物、タンパク質および油脂を分解せしめ、上記菌床だけで分解しきばれない油脂を、上記苗床に混合されていると共に油脂分解菌や酵素リパーゼを包括している油脂吸着材に吸着せしめて、上記油脂分解菌や酵素リパーゼにより分解処理せしめることを特徴とする。また、上記腐植土に含まれる細菌が、バチルス菌であることを特徴とする。さらに、上記油脂吸着材が、油脂を吸着するポリプロピレン樹脂であることを特徴とする。又更に、菌床を撹拌しながら処理することを特徴とする。更に又、上記菌床に空気を供給しながら撹拌処理することを特徴とするものである。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。
図1は、発酵処理装置の一実施例を示すもので、1は発酵処理槽である。該発酵処理槽1内部には、菌種を担持した菌床2が貯蔵されている。菌種としては、例えばオガクズに、腐植土に含まれるバチルス(Bacillus)属などの細菌を菌種として付着させたものを用いる。菌種の量は10個/g程度の菌数が付着している。上記発酵処理槽1に投入する有機性廃棄物量を、例えば、200kg/日とすると、菌床2を約10倍の2,000kg貯蔵しておけば消滅型処理反応が進行し、菌床2を20〜200kgを貯蔵しておけばコンポスト型処理反応が進行する。
【0007】
上記発酵処理槽1内には撹拌手段3が設けられていて、有機性廃棄物が投入された菌床2を撹拌する。本発酵処理装置は、上記撹拌手段3による撹拌だけでもよいが、空気吹込みをすると発酵が促進される。空気吹込量は、菌床2の含水率を50〜60%に維持しながら細菌を好気状態にするために、菌床2の単位容量m当たり50〜200リットル/分の外気を吹込む。
【0008】
消滅型は、菌床2の貯蔵量が多いので、有機性廃棄物の投入量によって菌床2の含水率に大きな変動はない。すなわち、菌床量2,000kg、含水率60%に対し、有機性廃棄物の投入量200kg/日、含水率90%とすると、投入時の菌床2の含水率は計算上62%となる。この程度の含水率変化であるので、温度コントロールが行われていれば、分解作用は円滑に進行する。分解が円滑に進行すれば、温度上昇と同時に水分も蒸発し、蒸発水分に見合う湿り空気を排気ファン4を通じて排気すれば、菌床2の含水率を好適に維持することができる。湿り空気の排気は、温度と絶対湿度から演算して排気量をコントロールすればよいことになる。菌床2の含水率60%、温度を30〜40℃、pHを7〜9に維持することにより、投入有機性廃棄物中の易分解性有機物は1日間でCOとHOに分解し、消滅する。難分解性有機物が残留したとしても有機物の90%は消滅する。従って、1ヶ月に一度の割合で増量分を堆肥として排出するだけでよい。一方、コンポスト型は、菌床2の貯蔵量が少ない分だけ、変動が大きくなるので、コントロールに注意する必要がある。
【0009】
菌床2は、オガクズと腐植土を混合して腐植土中の細菌によりオガクズの分解を促進させているので、リグニンの分解もしている。分解したリグニンは、タンパク質とリグニンタンパク複合体を作る。このリグニンタンパク複合体は、腐植質となり、菌床2中には腐植質含量が多くなる。腐植質は土壌に還元されると、大きなpH緩衝作用、キレート反応、高い陽イオン交換容量、団粒構造の形成、生理活性機能、植物病原菌の抑制、植物生育障害の防止、保肥力、保水力、排水性の改善など、多くの効果が知られているので、排出する菌床、堆肥は良好な土壌改良効果を示す。
【0010】
5は油脂吸着材であって、油脂を吸着するポリプロピレン樹脂を球状あるいは角状にして、上記菌床2内に混合されている。該油脂吸着材5には、独立栄養細菌である油脂分解菌を、上記バチルス菌と酵素のリパーゼと共に包括しておき、菌床2の菌種だけで分解しきれない油脂を吸着せしめ、この吸着された油脂を油脂吸着材5に包括されている菌や酵素によって分解するようにしている。6は開閉蓋、7は上記撹拌手段3を回転させるためのモータ等の回転駆動手段である。
【0011】
【発明の効果】
有機物を分解する菌種を担持した菌床に混合されると共に油脂分解菌を包括する油脂吸着材により、有機性廃棄物中の油脂の一部を吸着せしめて、上記油脂分解菌により分解処理せしめるようにしたので、油脂含量が多い有機性廃棄物であっても、油脂分の分解はもとより、炭水化物やタンパク質の分解も確実かつ能率良く行うことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の処理装置の一実施例を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 発酵処理槽
2 菌床
3 撹拌手段
4 排気ファン
5 油脂吸着材
6 開閉蓋
7 回転駆動手段
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for treating organic waste for household use and business use, particularly containing a high fat content.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Generally, organic waste is decomposed by aerobic organisms, composting and extinguishing, and the rate of decomposition varies depending on the type of organic waste. Although it is easy, decomposition becomes difficult in the order of protein and fat and oil, and the speed becomes slow.
[0003]
For this reason, especially when a large amount of fat or oil is contained or when organic waste is continuously added, the fat and oil having a slow decomposition rate remains undegraded, which coats the organic waste and other components (protein / carbohydrate) ) Had a problem such as obstructing the decomposition.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems. The object of the present invention is to decompose carbohydrates and proteins in addition to the decomposition of fats and oils, even if the organic waste has a high fat content. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating organic waste that can be reliably and efficiently decomposed.
[0005]
[Means for solving problems]
The organic waste treatment method of the present invention is such that an organic waste containing a large amount of fats and oils is put into a fungus bed in which bacteria contained in humus soil are carried on sawdust, and the carbohydrate of the organic waste is added. Decompose proteins and oils and fats that cannot be decomposed only by the above-mentioned fungus bed and adsorb them to an oil-and-fat adsorbent containing both oil-degrading bacteria and enzyme lipase and mixed with the above seedbeds. It is characterized by being decomposed by bacteria or enzyme lipase . Further, bacteria included in the humus is characterized in that it is a Bacillus bacterium. Furthermore, the oil / fat adsorbing material is a polypropylene resin that adsorbs oil / fat. Furthermore, it is characterized in that the bacteria bed is treated with stirring. Furthermore, the stirring treatment is performed while supplying air to the microbial bed.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a fermentation treatment apparatus, where 1 is a fermentation treatment tank. Inside the fermentation treatment tank 1, a fungus bed 2 carrying a bacterial species is stored. As the fungus species, for example, sawdust that has bacteria such as Bacillus genus contained in humus soil attached as the fungus species is used. The number of bacteria is about 10 8 cells / g. Assuming that the amount of organic waste charged into the fermentation treatment tank 1 is, for example, 200 kg / day, if the bacterial bed 2 is stored approximately 10 times as much as 2,000 kg, the extinguishing treatment reaction proceeds, If 20 to 200 kg is stored, the composting reaction proceeds.
[0007]
A stirring means 3 is provided in the fermentation treatment tank 1 to stir the fungus bed 2 into which organic waste has been introduced. The present fermentation treatment apparatus may be only stirred by the stirring means 3, but fermentation is promoted by blowing air. The amount of air blown is 50 to 200 liters / minute of outside air per unit volume m 3 of the fungus bed 2 in order to make the bacteria aerobic while maintaining the moisture content of the fungus bed 2 at 50 to 60%. .
[0008]
Since the extinguishing type has a large storage amount of the fungus bed 2, there is no significant change in the moisture content of the fungus bed 2 depending on the input amount of organic waste. That is, if the amount of organic waste is 200 kg / day and the water content is 90% with respect to the microbial bed amount of 2,000 kg and the water content of 60%, the water content of the fungus bed 2 at the time of input is calculated to be 62%. . Since this is a change in the moisture content, the decomposition action proceeds smoothly if the temperature is controlled. If the decomposition proceeds smoothly, the moisture evaporates at the same time as the temperature rises, and if the moist air corresponding to the evaporated moisture is exhausted through the exhaust fan 4, the moisture content of the fungus bed 2 can be suitably maintained. The exhaust of humid air can be calculated from the temperature and absolute humidity to control the exhaust amount. By maintaining the moisture content of the fungus bed 2 at 60%, the temperature at 30-40 ° C., and the pH at 7-9, the readily decomposable organic matter in the input organic waste is decomposed into CO 2 and H 2 O in one day. And disappear. Even if persistent organic matter remains, 90% of the organic matter disappears. Therefore, it is only necessary to discharge the increased amount as compost once a month. On the other hand, the compost type needs to be carefully controlled because the fluctuation increases as the storage amount of the bacterial bed 2 is small.
[0009]
The fungus bed 2 mixes sawdust and humus soil and promotes the degradation of sawdust by bacteria in the humus soil, so it also degrades lignin. The degraded lignin forms a protein and lignin protein complex. This lignin protein complex becomes humic substance, and the humic substance content in the fungus bed 2 increases. When humic substances are reduced to soil, large pH buffering action, chelation reaction, high cation exchange capacity, formation of aggregate structure, bioactive function, suppression of phytopathogenic fungi, prevention of plant growth disorder, fertilizer, water retention Since many effects such as improvement of drainage are known, the discharged fungus bed and compost show a good soil improvement effect.
[0010]
Reference numeral 5 denotes an oil and fat adsorbing material, which is mixed in the fungus bed 2 with a spherical or square polypropylene resin adsorbing oil and fat. The fat-and-oil adsorbent 5 contains fat-degrading bacteria, which are autotrophic bacteria, together with the aforementioned Bacillus bacteria and enzyme lipase. The resulting fats and oils are decomposed by bacteria and enzymes contained in the fat and oil adsorbent 5. 6 is an opening / closing lid, and 7 is a rotation driving means such as a motor for rotating the stirring means 3.
[0011]
【The invention's effect】
A part of the fats and oils in the organic waste is adsorbed by the fat and oil adsorbent that is mixed with the bacterial bed carrying the bacterial species that decomposes the organic matter and contains the fats and oils-degrading bacteria, and then decomposed by the above-mentioned oil-degrading bacteria Since it did in this way, even if it is organic waste with many fats and oils content, the decomposition | disassembly of carbohydrates and proteins can be performed reliably and efficiently, not only the decomposition of fats and oils.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of a processing apparatus of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fermentation processing tank 2 Bacteria bed 3 Stirring means 4 Exhaust fan 5 Oil and fat adsorbent 6 Opening and closing lid 7 Rotation drive means

Claims (5)

腐植土に含まれる細菌をオガクズに担持せしめて成る菌床に、油脂を多量に含む有機性廃棄物を投入して、該有機性廃棄物の炭水化物、タンパク質および油脂を分解せしめ、上記菌床だけで分解しきれない油脂を、上記菌床に混合されていると共に油脂分解菌や酵素リパーゼを包括している油脂吸着材に吸着せしめて、上記油脂分解菌や酵素リパーゼにより分解処理せしめることを特徴とする有機性廃棄物の処理方法。An organic waste containing a large amount of fats and oils is put into a fungus bed in which bacteria contained in humus soil are carried on sawdust, and the carbohydrates, proteins, and fats of the organic waste are decomposed, and only the above fungus bed The fats and oils that cannot be decomposed in the above are mixed with the above-mentioned fungus bed and adsorbed to the fat-and-oil adsorbent containing the oil-degrading bacteria and enzyme lipase, and then decomposed by the oil-degrading bacteria and enzyme lipase. Organic waste processing method. 上記腐植土に含まれる細菌が、バチルスであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機性廃棄物の処理方法。Bacteria contained in the humus is, the method of treating organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the genus Bacillus. 上記油脂吸着材が、油脂を吸着するポリプロピレン樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の有機性廃棄物の処理方法。  The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fat and oil adsorbent is a polypropylene resin that adsorbs fat and oil. 菌床を撹拌しながら処理することを特徴とする請求項1、2または3に記載の有機性廃棄物の処理方法。  The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the bacterial bed is treated while stirring. 上記菌床に空気を供給しながら撹拌処理することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の有機性廃棄物の処理方法。  The organic waste treatment method according to claim 4, wherein stirring is performed while air is supplied to the fungus bed.
JP2000203024A 2000-07-05 2000-07-05 Organic waste treatment methods Expired - Fee Related JP4625566B2 (en)

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JP5134497B2 (en) * 2008-10-17 2013-01-30 エンザイム株式会社 Oil decomposition tank

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JPS5781893A (en) * 1980-11-06 1982-05-22 Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd Treatment of high hydrous waste
JPH0268139A (en) * 1988-09-02 1990-03-07 Terumo Corp Lipophilic liquid adsorbent
JPH08323330A (en) * 1995-06-02 1996-12-10 Mitsubishi Materials Corp Carrier composition for treating food waste
JPH09150139A (en) * 1995-12-01 1997-06-10 Toshiba Corp How to remove environmental pollutants
JPH09206066A (en) * 1996-01-30 1997-08-12 Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc Decomposing bacteria and method of decomposing organic waste
JPH1128484A (en) * 1997-07-08 1999-02-02 Keiji Arita Wastewater grease decomposition purification equipment
JPH11244831A (en) * 1998-02-27 1999-09-14 Rakan:Kk Bacteria bed for garbage disposal

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