JPH0559079B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a mycelium fertilizer and a method for producing the same.The purpose of the invention is to allow heat-resistant actinomycetes supported on a porous carrier to enter the system when buried in the soil where agricultural crops grow. The metabolites, such as plant hormones, various vitamins, and decomposed products, act as nutrients for the applied soil and crops over a long period of time. To provide a mycelium fertilizer capable of neutralizing soil and effectively promoting the growth of crops, and a method for producing this mycelium fertilizer. (Prior art and its problems) The technology of fermenting organic matter and using it as fertilizer is well known. For example, ``Method for producing soil conditioner'' disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 45-11535,
Known methods include the ``Method for Fermenting Chicken Manure'' disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 26552, and the ``Method for Producing a Soil Conditioning Agent with Fertilizing Effect'' disclosed in JP-A-52-50874. All of these techniques involve fermenting organic matter and using a mixture of partially undecomposed organic matter, decomposed organic matter, and mycelium produced by fermentation as fertilizer. These are the empirical applications of techniques similar to composting, which have been passed down from ancient times. In addition to these, Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-31037 describes a "soil improvement material," Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-66259 describes a "soil improvement material adsorbed with a water-soluble fertilizer effect promoter," and furthermore,
``Soil improvement material and method for producing the same'' are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 111461/1983. "Soil improvement material" disclosed in Special Publication No. 62-31037
This is a technology in which an organic nutrient source is added to a culture substrate made of zeolite, and useful microorganisms such as filamentous fungi, yeast fungi, and bacteria or spores are inoculated and cultured, and the mixture is heated and fermented under hydrated conditions. ``Soil improvement material adsorbing a water-soluble fertilizer accelerator'' disclosed in JP-A-54-66259 uses a continuous porous inorganic mineral as an adsorption matrix, and a fertilizer accelerator solution is applied to this adsorption matrix. It is a water-soluble fertilizer effect promoter made by impregnating it with liquid. In addition, ``Soil improvement material and method for producing the same'' disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 111461/1987 is a soil improvement material obtained by impregnating a suspension of microorganisms such as soil bacteria and aerobic bacteria in crushed zeolite. It is. These previously disclosed technologies use a simple inorganic porous material such as zeolite, which has a neutral pH, does not contribute much to improving the acidic soil that is common in Japan, and is also harmful. There were problems, such as the fact that they sometimes carried microorganisms that were harmful to plant growth. Therefore, depending on the case, the disclosed fermented fertilizers may not only not exhibit sufficient fertilizer effects on plants, but may even have an adverse effect on plants. Without analyzing the type of bacteria in the body or elucidating other causes, the judgment was simply based on empirical reasons such as a low degree of fermentation. Furthermore, Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-25115 discloses a ``method for treating chicken manure, etc.'' in which activated carbon with adjusted particle size is added to livestock excrement such as chicken manure.
Publication No. 36996 states that coal powder,
A ``method for treating sludge, livestock excrement, etc.'' is disclosed, in which charcoal powder and the like are added to compost. On the other hand, JP-A No. 57-17490 discloses a ``method for producing compost'' in which heat-resistant actinomycetes such as Thermoactinomyces are inoculated and cultured in livestock or human excrement or chicken manure. There is. (Problem to be solved by the invention) However, the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 47-25115 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 58-36996 describe an environment in which heat-resistant actinomycetes that contribute to plant growth can be grown well. There was no disclosure whatsoever about ``fertilizer,'' which has the effect of promoting plant growth and improving soil properties, such as neutralizing the acidic soil that exists in much of Japan. . Furthermore, JP-A-57-17490 discloses a technique for artificially inoculating heat-resistant actinomycetes, culturing them, and using them as fertilizer; however, regarding the optimal growth environment for heat-resistant actinomycetes, Nothing has been disclosed. That is, in this disclosed technology, heat-resistant actinomycetes are inoculated and cultured in advance, and the heat-resistant actinomycetes and their metabolites obtained during that period are used as fertilizer. There was a problem in that it was not possible to grow crops and provide nutrients such as metabolites to the crops for a long period of time. Further, this disclosed technology has the problem that it does not effectively promote plant growth and improve the soil to which it is applied. In view of these circumstances, heat-resistant actinomycetes that contribute to plant growth can grow well even when buried in soil, and the metabolites and decomposition products of heat-resistant actinomycetes can be used as nutritional sources for crops for a long period of time. It has been desired to create a mycelial fertilizer and a method for producing the same, which also has the ability to neutralize and improve the soil to which it is applied, especially the acidic soil that is common in Japan. (Means for Solving the Invention) That is, the present invention provides a mycelium consisting of a microbial community mainly consisting of filamentous fungi and heat-resistant actinobacteria, wherein at least 50% of the microbial community is heat-resistant actinobacteria. Supported on one or more carbon-based porous carriers selected from charcoal, activated carbon, coal, coke, activated coke, peat, and vermucilleite with a pH of 7.5 to 9.5 and a particle size of 6 to 30 mesh. Mycelium fertilizer and PH7.5-9.5 characterized by
and charcoal, activated carbon, with a particle size of 6 to 30 mesh,
Using 70 to 80 parts by weight of one or more types of carbon-based porous carrier selected from coal, coke, activated coke, peat, and vermucillite, this carrier has a carbon content of 15% or less and a moisture content of 25 to 60%. 20-30% organic matter
parts by weight, and the kneaded product is heated to an internal temperature of 15°C.
The kneaded product is left to ferment while maintaining the system temperature at a constant temperature in an atmosphere that can be maintained at a constant temperature, and as the temperature in the fermentation system of this kneaded product starts to rise, the temperature in the system is raised to 55 to 80 °C by aeration. The above-mentioned problem is solved by providing a method for producing a mycelium fertilizer, which is characterized in that it is fermented for at least 5 days while maintaining the mycelium. (Function) If a porous carrier carrying heat-resistant actinomycetes is buried in the soil where agricultural crops grow, the heat-resistant actinomycetes in the porous carrier will be absorbed by the circulation of water and air even in the soil. The metabolites such as vitamins, plant hormones, and decomposition products act as nutrients for crops and soil over a long period of time, and the pH of the porous carrier neutralizes acidic soil. , suitably promotes the growth of agricultural crops. (Structure of the Invention) Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below. Heat-resistant actinomycetes that can be suitably used in this invention are actinomycetes, and in particular heat-resistant actinomycetes that can grow at high temperatures of 55 to 80°C, such as spiral-shaped bacteria, such as
Thermoactinomyces vulgaris,
Thermoactinomyces spora actinobifida
(white) etc. The reason why heat-resistant actinomycetes are used as the main component of the mycelium fertilizer in this invention is that heat-resistant actinomycetes contain extremely few harmful bacteria that have harmful effects on plants. Furthermore, among the metabolic products of heat-resistant actinomycetes, there are plant growth hormones and various vitamins. Heat-resistant actinomycetes decompose and become a nitrogen supply source. This is based on the fact that when heat-resistant actinomycetes self-decompose, some decompose in a gaseous state, so that excessive nitrogen content is rarely supplied to the soil. In this invention, mycelial fertilizer is supported on a porous carrier, and the reason why this porous carrier is set to have a pH of 7.5 to 9.5, preferably 8 to 9, is because the pH range that is effectively suitable for the growth of heat-resistant actinomycetes is 7.5 to 9.5. 9.5 is preferably 8 to 9, and a pH of 7.5 to 9.5 is because growth of fungi such as filamentous fungi and bacteria can be prevented and the amount of heat-resistant actinomycetes in the mycelium fertilizer can be maintained at a constant level. The reason why the carrier is limited to a porous carrier in this invention is to retain water and air, which are essential components for the growth of heat-resistant actinomycetes, during storage of mycelium fertilizer or when applied to soil. Specific examples of such porous carriers include those with a pH of 7.5 to
An inorganic carbon-based porous carrier can also be used as long as it can maintain a value of 9.5. Examples of porous carriers that can be used in this invention include charcoal, activated carbon, coal, coke, activated coke, peat, vermquilite, perlite,
Examples include foams made of inorganic materials such as bentonite and foamable urethane, organic materials, and synthetic resins. In this invention, a mycelium consisting of heat-resistant actinomycetes refers to heat-resistant actinomycetes as a microbial community in the mycelium.
The most desirable one is one that accounts for 100%, but at least 50% of the microbial community is mycelium made up of heat-resistant actinomycetes. The reason for this is that if less than 50% of the heat-resistant actinomycetes are present, harmful bacteria or filamentous fungi may propagate after application to the soil, which may have a negative effect, at least in the mycelium. This is because when 50% or more of the microbial population concentration is heat-resistant actinomycetes, eugenic propagation of heat-resistant actinomycetes can be ensured after soil application, and the initial objective of this invention can be achieved. Next, a preferred method for producing the mycelium fertilizer according to the present invention will be described. In this invention, the pH is 7.5 to 9.5 and the particle size is 6 to 30.
Preferably, a mesh porous carrier is used. In this invention, PH7.5 to 9.5 and the PH of the porous carrier
The reason for limiting the range is to ensure a suitable growth pH range for heat-resistant actinomycetes during production and storage of mycelium fertilizer, as mentioned above, and to limit filamentous fungi, etc., which have many harmful bacteria.
This is because it is difficult to grow under alkaline conditions with a pH of 7.5 to 9.5, preferably 8 to 9. In this invention, the particle size of the porous carrier is 6 to 30.
The reason for using mesh is that during the fermentation described below, it is difficult to maintain the fermentation temperature at 40°C or higher in the case of fine porous carriers with more than 30 mesh, which is the purpose of this invention. I can't hope for
On the other hand, a porous carrier having large grains of less than 6 meshes is undesirable because it requires complicated handling during production. The reason why such a porous carrier is used in an amount of 70 to 80 parts by weight is that if the amount of the porous carrier is less than 70 parts by weight, the undecomposed rate of organic matter will increase under the fermentation conditions described later, which is not desirable. This is because if it is used in excess of this amount, the moisture supplied from the organic matter will decrease as a moisture content in the entire fermentation system, making it impossible to obtain a suitable fermentation temperature, which is ultimately undesirable in either case. In this invention, this porous carrier has a carbon content of 15
% or less and a water content of 25 to 60% by weight. The reason why this invention is limited to organic substances with a carbon content of 15% or less is that organic substances with a carbon content of more than 15% contain a large amount of fibrous cellulose, and as a result, the required amount of cellulase increases, resulting in actinomycetes. This is based on the experimental knowledge of the inventors that the growth of medium cellulase becomes eugenic and the initial purpose of this invention cannot be achieved. The reason why the moisture content of organic matter is limited to 25 to 60% in this invention is that the moisture in the fermentation system of the kneaded product is supplied only from the organic matter, and the moisture content in the fermentation product system is 30%.
This is because if the moisture content is less than ~40%, sufficient fermentation temperature for heat-resistant actinomycetes cannot be obtained, and conversely, if the moisture content of the fermentation product exceeds 40% or is less than 30%, heat-resistant actinomycetes This is because sufficient fermentation conditions cannot be obtained for fermentation, which is not preferable. The reason why 20 to 30 parts by weight of organic matter is used in this invention is that if it is less than 20 parts by weight, the amount of organic matter is too small and the growth of mycelium on each carrier is small.
If the mycelium is not evenly dispersed and attached to each porous carrier, and on the other hand is added in excess of 30 parts by weight, the balance between the mycelium and the porous carrier will be disrupted, resulting in excessive mycelium. This is because the undecomposed rate of organic matter increases, which is ultimately undesirable in either case. Next, this kneaded product is left to stand in an atmosphere where the system internal temperature can be maintained at 15°C or higher. The reason for this is to maintain the uniformity of fermentation by shielding the temperature inside the system from the outside temperature and maintaining a constant heat retention state. If this temperature is below 15°C, the fermentation temperature will not rise sufficiently, which is not preferable. After keeping the temperature inside the system constant and insulating it from the outside temperature, the temperature of the fermented product system is maintained at 55-80°C, preferably 60-70°C. If the fermentation temperature is below 55℃, air maintained at 15℃ or above is pumped into the system for a certain period of time to promote fermentation, and the fermentation temperature is maintained at 55 to 60℃.
In practice, the fermentation temperature does not rise above 80℃ because the cellulose content is limited by using organic matter with a carbon content of 15% or less, and the moisture content is limited by mixing a large amount of porous carrier. It can't happen. By fermenting in this state for at least 5 days, a mycelium fertilizer made of heat-resistant actinomycetes supported on a porous carrier having a pH of 7.5 to 9.5 is produced. In this invention, the fermentation period is at least 5
It is more desirable to set it as several days, desirably 2 to 3 weeks. The reason for maintaining the fermentation temperature at 55-80℃ is 55
This is because if the temperature is below 80°C, heat-resistant actinomycetes cannot be obtained at the concentration of mycelium as initially desired, and on the other hand, if the temperature exceeds 80°C, anaerobic bacteria will grow, which is ultimately undesirable in either case. In this invention, as mentioned above, 20 to 30 parts by weight of an organic material with a carbon content of 15% or less is used, the water content of this organic material is limited to 25 to 60%, and furthermore, 70 to 80 parts by weight of a porous carrier is used. By limiting the particle size to 6 to 30 mesh, the fermentation temperature will not exceed 80°C. Therefore, the fermentation temperature does not rise above 80°C even without the so-called cut-back process, which is performed in a normal fermentation process, in which water is poured over the fermented material to lower the fermentation temperature. (Effects of the Invention) As detailed above, the mycelium fertilizer and the method for producing the same according to the present invention is a mycelium consisting of a microbial community mainly consisting of filamentous fungi and heat-resistant actinomycetes, and at least 50% of the microbial community is The above are heat-resistant actinomycetes.Mycelia have a pH of 7.5 to 9.5 and a particle size of 6 to 30 mesh, and are made of one or more types of carbon selected from charcoal, activated carbon, coal, coke, activated coke, peat, and vermquilite. A mycelium fertilizer characterized by being supported on a porous carrier, and charcoal, activated carbon, coal, which has a pH of 7.5 to 9.5 and a particle size of 6 to 30 mesh.
Use 70 to 80 parts by weight of one or more types of carbon-based porous carrier selected from coke, activated coke, peat, and vermquilite, and add organic matter to this carrier with a carbon content of 15% or less and a water content of 25 to 60%. 20 to 30 parts by weight of the kneaded product is kneaded, and the kneaded product is allowed to stand in an atmosphere where the system temperature can be maintained at 15°C or higher, and fermented while maintaining the system internal temperature at a constant level. This method of producing mycelial fertilizer is characterized by fermenting for at least 5 days while maintaining the temperature in the system at 55 to 80°C by aeration as the temperature in the system starts to rise. Even if it is buried, the heat-resistant actinomycetes, which are many beneficial bacteria supported on the porous carrier, will be reliably grown within the system, and their metabolites such as plant hormones and various vitamins, as well as decomposed products of nitrogen, will be grown within the system. This fertilizer can act as a nutrient source for soil and plants for a long period of time, and it can also be applied to acidic soil.
It exhibits a neutralizing effect, acts on plants as well as on the soil thereof, and has the excellent effect of effectively promoting plant growth. By describing examples of this invention below,
The effects of this invention will be made clearer. (Example 1) Coconut husk charcoal with a pH of 8.2, a particle size of 25 mesh, and an internal surface area of 200 m ² /g was used as a porous carrier.
Parts by weight were used. 25 parts by weight of chicken manure having a pH of 8.8, a water content of 32.9%, and a carbon content of 9.6% were used in this porous carrier, and both were kneaded. This kneaded material was left standing in the fermentation tank, and the inside of the fermentation tank was heated to 25°C.
It was maintained at ℃. The temperature during fermentation of this kneaded product is measured, and when the temperature starts to rise and the temperature during fermentation of the kneaded product falls below 55℃, air in the system is supplied directly into the fermented product using a pump to start up the fermentation. At times, the temperature was raised all at once, and at other times, the temperature was kept constant. Throughout the fermentation process, the temperature in the fermentation product system did not rise above 80°C. (Composition analysis) After stopping this fermentation, the composition of the mycelial fertilizer was analyzed and found to be PH8.9, total nitrogen 1.65%, pure protein 5.8%, vitamin B ₁ 0.01 mg%, vitamin B ₂ 0.06 mg%, pantothenic acid 0.17 mg% , nicotinic acid amide 0.30 mg%. (Identification of bacteria in mycelium fertilizer) In order to determine the bacteria in mycelium, four Petri dishes with a diameter of 9 cm and a depth of 1.5 cm were filled with a medium consisting of agar and distilled water, and the mycelium was Place grains in Petri dish 1
20 seeds were inoculated evenly spaced into one Petri dish of ~3. As a comparative example, Petri dish 4 was treated in the same manner as the other Petri dishes using untreated coconut shell charcoal grains for 25 mesh passes. After culturing these Petri dishes 1 to 4 at 25° C. for 4 days, they were classified and analyzed based on the number of colonies that generated actinobacteria and filamentous fungi. During this culture, the medium was sterilized in advance in an autoclave at 120°C and 1 atm for 20 minutes. As a result, in Petri dish 1, there were on average 7.4 colonies of heat-resistant actinomycetes and 5.0 colonies of filamentous fungi per sample particle 1. In Petri dish 2, an average of 4.2 colonies of heat-resistant actinomycetes and 1.8 colonies of filamentous fungi per sample grain 1, and in Petri dish 3, an average of 2.0 colonies of heat-resistant actinomycetes and 0.04 colonies of filamentous fungi per sample grain 1. It was a colony. Among these, the heat-resistant actinomycetes are dominated by spiral-shaped bacteria, and among filamentous fungi, Cladosporium spp.
Genus Penicillium and Nigrospora were found. Among these filamentous fungi, those of the genus Cladosporium
Since the genus Penicillium was also found in the Petri dish containing only coconut shell activated carbon grains used as a comparative example, these are considered to be contaminants from the air, and the microbial community of mycelium fertilizer is essentially dominated by heat-resistant actinomycetes. It was something that was happening. Next, application examples using such heat-resistant actinomycetes will be described. In addition, in the test, we used not only Example 1 but also Examples and Comparative Examples in which various types of carriers were adopted and organic substances were varied as shown in Table 1, but these fermentation conditions were the same as those in Example 1. It was treated in exactly the same manner as 1.

[Table] (Application example) Method 1 Test scale
Pot test (1/5000a pot) 2. Test item: Orifolia 3. Test soil: Sand Soil 4. Test period: April to October 5. Test classification: Control area: 3 pots Each example area: 10% in soil applied 3 pots each 20% in soil 3 pots each for application 3 pots each for 10% soil application 3 pots each for 20% soil application In addition, 3 g of ordinary chemical fertilizer was applied to each pot. The test soil was 90.1% coarse sand, 9.0% fine sand, 0.0% silt, 0.9% clay, and base replacement capacity 0.44me/100.
g, pH was 6.8. The weight of the stems was measured after 6 months. The respective average values are summarized and shown in Table 2.

[Table] As is clear from the above results, it is clear that the mycelium fertilizer according to the present invention has excellent effects.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A mycelium consisting of a microbial community mainly consisting of filamentous fungi and heat-resistant actinomycetes, wherein at least 50% of said microbial community is heat-resistant actinomycetes.
Supported on one or more carbon-based porous carriers selected from charcoal, activated carbon, coal, coke, activated coke, peat, and vermucilleite with a pH of 7.5 to 9.5 and a particle size of 6 to 30 mesh. A mycelium fertilizer characterized by: 2 Charcoal, activated carbon, coal, coke, activated coke with a pH of 7.5 to 9.5 and a particle size of 6 to 30 mesh,
Use 70 to 80 parts by weight of one or more carbon-based porous carriers selected from peat and vermquilite, and add 20 to 30 parts by weight of organic matter with a carbon content of 15% or less and a moisture content of 25 to 60% to this carrier. The kneaded product is fermented while keeping the system temperature constant by standing in an atmosphere where the system internal temperature can be maintained at 15℃ or higher, and the kneaded product is fermented until the temperature in the fermentation system starts to rise. A method for producing a mycelial fertilizer, characterized in that fermentation is carried out for at least 5 days while maintaining the temperature in the system at 55 to 80°C by aeration.