JP4677142B2 - Hot air balloon rising by solar heat - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a balloon and an airship. Here, a balloon that is lighter than air and that floats as a whole is called a balloon, and a balloon that has a propulsive force is called an airship.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the past, the floating gas used for balloons or airships was hydrogen, but due to the frequent occurrence of explosion accidents, it is now absolutely necessary to use helium as a floating gas. Since helium cannot be produced domestically and is very expensive, it is said that the operator of the airship will go bankrupt if the entire amount is released in an emergency. The only exceptions to the current levitation gas (use other than helium) are hot air balloons and thermal airships that fly by directly heating the air by burning propane gas, etc. Because of the loss, the cruising range is relatively short and limited to leisure and sports.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the present invention proposes a balloon or an airship that can obtain a levitation gas at a lower cost.
[0004]
[Means and Actions for Solving the Problems]
In general, the weight of a balloon or the like (including an airship) is proportional to the surface area, whereas the buoyancy is proportional to the volume. Therefore, by increasing the size of the balloon or the like, a buoyancy exceeding the weight can be easily obtained. As is well known, solar rays have a heat ray component that heats objects, and even if the energy per unit area of this heat ray component is weak, it is known that enormous energy can be obtained when the light receiving area increases. It has been.
The inventor's research has confirmed that when both events and the greenhouse effect are used in combination, a hot air balloon that rises by heating the gas in the balloon by solar heat can be realized. For example, assuming a spherical air balloon with a radius of 64 m, the surface area is 51,000 square meters, the volume is 1.08 million square meters, and the unit weight of multiple membranes is 900 g per square meter. It can be seen that an effective buoyancy exceeding 3 tons (mounting weight excluding the weight of the balloon) can be obtained simply by raising the temperature by 15 ° C on average. On the other hand, the light receiving area of this sphere is 13,000 square meters simply calculated as a circle, and a total of 5.1 GW of heat flows when subjected to direct solar radiation of 0.4 kW per second per square meter. When the thermal conductivity is 0.005 KW per second and the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the balloon is 15 ° C., the total amount of lost heat is 3.8 GW. That is, it can be seen that the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the balloon in thermal equilibrium is 15 ° C. or more, and an effective buoyancy of 3 t or more can be obtained. Incidentally, the outflow due to thermal radiation is suppressed by the balloon membrane, so it is rather smaller than the inflow due to whole sky radiation. Considering this, it is confirmed that a larger temperature difference between the inside and outside of the balloon can be obtained. The above numbers are adopted with a considerable safety factor, and are practical numbers that can be easily realized.
Therefore, if the heat insulation of the balloon is improved and the balloon is enlarged, the air in the balloon can be heated by solar heat more than the temperature difference at which buoyancy exceeding its own weight is obtained. The cheapest air and solar hot air balloons can be obtained.
[0005]
The hot air balloon according to the present invention includes a balloon composed of two or more films, an outer film as a transparent or translucent film, an inner film as a heat ray absorbing film, and hot air that rises by heating the gas in the balloon by the greenhouse effect. It is a sphere and is characterized in that means for spraying water is provided in the inner space of the inner membrane . The hot air balloon can have a propulsive force, and the hot air balloon here is not limited to a balloon having no propulsive force. Air can be used as the gas in the balloon, but is not limited to air, and various gases that become lighter than air when heated, such as water vapor, can be used.
By increasing the size of the hot air balloon, the gas in the balloon can be heated by solar heat to a temperature higher than the temperature in the balloon at which buoyancy exceeding its own weight is obtained, and the hot air balloon is levitated by solar heat.
Since water vapor weighs about 60% of dry air, buoyancy can be further increased by spraying water on the inner space of the heated inner membrane and evaporating it. When buoyancy is insufficient at night when solar heat cannot be obtained, spraying water into the inner space of the inner membrane provides an effect of increasing buoyancy by water vapor more than the effect of decreasing the buoyancy by lowering the temperature.
As the flight altitude increases, the external temperature and pressure decrease, and the air density also decreases.However, the amount of direct solar radiation increases, the heat capacity per volume of gas decreases, and the heat insulation is improved. A difference can be obtained, and the partial pressure of water vapor in the floating air increases as the atmospheric pressure decreases, and a greater effect can be obtained.
[0006]
In the case of the above-mentioned solar hot air balloon, buoyancy can be adjusted by attaching valves to the upper and lower parts of the inner film to control the convection of the gas inside the inner film.
Large buoyancy can be obtained by making the convection active and homogenizing the temperature distribution in the inner space of the inner membrane.
[0007]
In the case of a solar hot air balloon, it is preferable to promote the convection of the gas inside the inner film by using a transparent or semi-transparent film near the top of the inner film and a heat-absorbing film as the remainder.
In this case, sunlight irradiated from the upper part of the balloon enters the inner space of the inner film from the transparent or semi-transparent film near the top, and heats the heat ray absorbing film from the inner side. As a result, the lower part of the inner space of the inner membrane is selectively heated, the inner gas of the inner membrane is actively convected, the temperature distribution in the inner space of the inner membrane is homogenized, and a large buoyancy is realized.
[0008]
In the case of a solar hot air balloon having a multilayer film, it is preferable to arrange a residential area or a cargo compartment in the intermembrane space.
In the case of a normal balloon or airship, suspend a gondola to secure a residential area and cargo compartment. In this case, stress concentration tends to occur around the gondola, which prevents the gondola from becoming larger. If a residential area and a cargo compartment are arranged in the intermembrane space, a large residential area and a cargo room can be secured while avoiding excessive stress concentration.
[0010]
Hot air balloons with balloons composed of two or more membranes are used for transporting flammable gases, in which an inert gas is sealed at a high pressure in the intermembrane space, and a flammable gas that is lighter than air is sealed in the inner space of the inner membrane. Can be used as a balloon.
Nitrogen, argon, helium, etc. are suitable for the inert gas sealed in the intermembrane space. The inner space of the inner membrane can be filled with a combustible gas that is lighter than natural gas, air such as methane or hydrogen. Thus, for example, it is possible to operate as a solar hot air balloon from Japan to the place where natural gas is produced, and as an air tanker packed with natural gas from the place where the natural gas is produced to Japan.
If an inert gas is filled on the outside at a high pressure, it can be safely navigated without leaking into the combustible gas atmosphere.
[0011]
When the airframe is large, the power unit that gives the balloons exercise capacity also becomes large. When a large power unit is attached to the balloon, excessive stress concentration occurs. This hinders the upsizing of soft airships.
Therefore, when the power unit is attached to the balloon so as to obtain a propulsive force, it is preferable to disperse and arrange the power unit at a plurality of locations outside the outer membrane. Necessary driving force can be obtained while avoiding excessive stress concentration.
[0012]
Each of the power units preferably includes a propeller, a propeller drive motor, a motor power supply, a wireless communication device, and a computer, and the central computer controls each power unit wirelessly.
In this case, there is no need to stretch a power cable and a signal cable over the hull, and the hull can be reduced in weight.
[0013]
It is highly desirable to heat the levitation gas with the waste heat of the power unit.
[0014]
Since conventional airships use fuel (mainly gasoline) heavier than air, if you fly for a long time and consume the fuel, it becomes too light as a whole. Therefore, in order to reduce buoyancy during landing, in the worst case, valuable helium had to be used. The same problem occurred when solar heat was applied to the fuselage and helium expanded, which caused the airship to become difficult to operate.
Therefore, it is preferable to have fuel heavier than air and lighter than air, consume the former to increase buoyancy, and consume the latter to reduce buoyancy.
For example, a fuel cell generates electric power using fuel heavier than air (for example, gasoline) and fuel lighter than air (for example, methane) as fuel. Therefore, when buoyancy is insufficient, electric power is obtained from gasoline, and when buoyancy is too large, electric power is obtained from methane.
Alternatively, buoyancy can be adjusted by properly using propane heavier than air and methane lighter than air. Propane fuel can be used to achieve the same effect as throwing away ballast. If you want to descend gradually, use methane as fuel to reduce buoyancy.
[0015]
A solar battery is suitable for a motor power source for obtaining a propulsive force. In this case, a solar cell is preferably deposited on the inner film.
When the solar cell is deposited on the outer surface of the inner membrane or the inner membrane is formed using the battery membrane on which the solar cell is deposited, the load is greatly reduced. The conversion efficiency of a solar cell is limited to several tens of percent, and then changes to heat, so that the solar cell can be effectively used as a heat source by attaching the solar cell to the inner film. Moreover, it becomes possible to protect a solar cell with an outer film.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It is common to use a huge hull as an advertising medium, but as shown in FIG. 9, a rear projector 20 is installed inside the balloon, and images are provided in all directions of the hull membrane surface. It can be the centerpiece.
[0017]
Saturated water vapor is sealed in a spheroid-shaped balloon having a membrane configuration of the present invention having a length of about 280 m and a maximum diameter of about 70 m, and the inner space and the intermembrane space of the inner membrane are set to about 1/14 atm. If the temperature difference is kept at 80 degrees or more and floats in the stratosphere where the temperature is minus 60 degrees, an effective buoyancy of about 20 tons can be obtained even if the unit membrane weight is 400 grams. it can. (Stratospheric platform).
[0018]
A method of floating with water vapor can be used in combination with helium. When water vapor is used in combination, even if the altitude of the helium balloon is lowered, water and energy can be procured from the outside air, clouds and the sun. When realizing a stratospheric platform on a helium airship, there are concerns that the helium may be lost due to the effect of temperature changes when operating for a long period of time, but the technology to ensure buoyancy with water vapor. When used together, the effective floating period of the balloon can be greatly extended.
[0019]
If saturated water vapor close to 100 degrees is encapsulated in a spheroid-shaped balloon with a maximum diameter of 7 m and a water vapor as a levitation gas, a buoyancy of over 200 kilograms can be obtained. It is possible to surface. The balloon gains altitude and rapidly loses the internal pressure as the temperature drops. Therefore, it becomes possible to form a wing shape with the remaining internal pressure and wind pressure, and to glide and descend like a ball glider. This is possible even with a single-layer film if a certain degree of heat insulation can be secured.
[0020]
Prepare for the night by storing or storing excess heat and electricity during the daytime. Hydrogen can also be obtained by electrolyzing the water on the balloon. The obtained hydrogen is compressed or occluded so that buoyancy is not affected. At night, the levitation gas is heated using heat storage or stored energy to prevent altitude degradation. Alternatively, the altitude is raised by releasing high-pressure hydrogen obtained by electrolysis in the daytime into the balloon.
[0021]
A normal helium airship also has an air chamber for ballast adjustment called a baronet at the bottom, and if it is enlarged, it is possible to provide a living space here.
Distributing loads such as thrusters is an effective technology for helium-type soft airships as they become larger.
[0022]
The present invention can be embodied in the following various balloons in addition to the balloons described in the claims.
(Form 1) A multi-membrane balloon in which a residential area and a cargo compartment are arranged in the inter-membrane space. The multi-layer balloon may be a balloon that floats by solar heat, or may be a balloon that floats because the specific gravity of the gas in the balloon is originally lighter than air. By arranging a residential area and a cargo compartment in the intermembrane space, it is possible to increase the size of the residential area, the cargo compartment and the balloon.
(Form 2) A balloon having a propulsive force in which power units are distributedly arranged at a plurality of locations outside the balloon. This balloon is not limited to a multilayer balloon, and may be a single-film balloon. Moreover, the balloon which floats with solar heat may be sufficient, and the balloon which floats because the specific gravity of the gas in a balloon is originally lighter than air may be sufficient. By distributing the power units in a distributed manner, it is possible to increase the size of a soft balloon having a propulsive force.
(Mode 3) When a plurality of power units are arranged in a distributed manner, it is preferable that each power unit has a wireless communication device and a computer, and the central computer controls each power unit wirelessly. This balloon is not limited to a multi-layer balloon, and may be a single-film balloon. Moreover, the balloon which floats with solar heat may be sufficient, and the balloon which floats because the specific gravity of the gas in a balloon is originally lighter than air may be sufficient. Since a plurality of power units dispersedly arranged are controlled by radio, complicated wiring is not required, and the size of the balloon can be increased.
(Form 4) A balloon that heats the levitation gas using the waste heat of the power unit. This balloon is not limited to a multi-layer balloon, and may be a single-film balloon. Moreover, the balloon which floats with solar heat may be sufficient, and the balloon which floats because the specific gravity of the gas in a balloon is originally lighter than air may be sufficient. There is still no balloon that assists buoyancy by heating the levitation gas with the waste heat of the power unit.
(Form 5) An airship that has fuel heavier than air and lighter than air, consumes the former to increase buoyancy, and consumes the latter to reduce buoyancy. This balloon is not limited to the multi-film airship, but may be a single-film airship. Moreover, the airship which floats with solar heat may be sufficient, and the airship which floats because the specific gravity of the gas in a balloon is originally lighter than air may be sufficient. There is still no airship that adjusts buoyancy by using fuel heavier than air and lighter than air.
(Embodiment 6) A hot-air balloon in which a balloon is composed of two or more membranes, an outer membrane is a transparent or semi-transparent membrane, an inner membrane is a heat-absorbing membrane, and the water vapor in the balloon is heated by the greenhouse effect.
(Embodiment 7) When floating air containing water vapor as a main component is encapsulated and floated, and the water vapor liquefies and loses buoyancy after acquiring altitude, the balloon itself is paraglidered by the remaining internal pressure, wind pressure and index force. Balloon that glides and descends as a wing shape.
This balloon is not limited to a multi-layer airship, and may be a single film balloon or may not use solar heat. When a floating gas containing water vapor as a main component is encapsulated and floated, and the buoyancy is lost, there is still a balloon that slides down as a paraglider-like wing shape with the remaining internal pressure, wind pressure, and index force. do not do.
(Embodiment 8) A balloon in which a projector is installed inside the balloon and the film surface is used as a projection surface.
This balloon is not limited to a multi-layer balloon but may be a single-film balloon. Moreover, the balloon which floats by solar heat may be sufficient, and the balloon which floats because the specific gravity of the gas in a balloon is originally lighter than air may be sufficient. There is still no balloon that has a projector inside the balloon and uses the film surface as a projection surface.
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows an example of an embodiment embodying the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an outer film, which is formed of a transparent or translucent film. Reference numeral 2 denotes an inner film, which is formed of a heat ray absorbing film. Reference numeral 3 denotes a partition film that partitions the intermembrane space formed by the outer film 1 and the inner film 2 into a plurality of sections, and has a function of maintaining a space between the outer film 1 and the inner film 2. In addition, the partition membrane has a function of suppressing convection and sharing a tensile stress against the internal pressure. 4 is an air valve provided on the upper side of the outer membrane 1, 5 is an air valve provided on the upper side of the inner membrane 2, 6 is an air valve provided on the partition membrane 3, and 7 is an air valve provided on the lower side of the inner membrane 2. A valve 8 is an air valve provided in the lower part of the outer membrane 1. Reference numeral 11 denotes a permeable membrane provided in the vicinity of the top portion of the inner membrane 2, and the inner membrane 2 is formed of a transparent or semi-transparent film in the vicinity of the top portion and is formed of a heat ray absorbing film in the remaining portion. Reference numeral 10 denotes a living room or a cargo room, which is formed in an intermembrane space formed by the outer membrane 1 and the inner membrane 2, and is maintained at the same atmospheric pressure and temperature as the ground.
Reference numeral 9 in the figure denotes an exhaust pipe. When the air inside the inner membrane 2 is warmed by solar rays and thermally expands, the lower cold air is discharged out of the balloon through the exhaust tub 9.
The embodiment of the solar hot air balloon shown in FIG. 2 is a scale of 1 / 100,000 of the earth, has a radius of 64 m, and when exposed to sunlight, the internal temperature of the balloon rises by 15 ° C. or more from the external temperature, Surface.
[0024]
Sunlight irradiates the inner film 2 formed of a heat-absorbing film to heat the inner film 2 and warm the air inside and outside. In order to efficiently heat the entire air in the balloon, the upper air valve 5 of the inner membrane 2, the air valve 6 provided in the partition membrane 3, and the lower air valve 7 of the inner membrane 2 are opened. Then, convection as shown in FIG. 4 occurs, and the temperature distribution in the inner space of the inner membrane 2 is homogenized. When it is desired to lower the temperature and altitude, as shown in FIG. 5, the upper air valve 4 of the outer membrane is opened to release hot air to the outside and low temperature outside air is taken in from the lower air valve 8 of the outer membrane. If you want to quickly lower the temperature and altitude, open all the air valves 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 as shown in Fig. 5, and let the hot air escape to the outside of the balloon and let the cold outside air into the balloon. take in.
[0025]
If the vicinity of the top part of the inner film 2 is formed of the transparent or semi-transparent film 11 and the remaining part is formed of the heat ray absorbing film 21 (see FIG. 6), the sunlight rays incident on the transparent or semi-transparent film near the top part are inside. It enters the inner space of the film 2 and irradiates the heat ray absorbing film 21 at the lower part of the shadow side, so that the lower side of the inner space of the inner film 2 is efficiently warmed. As a result, active convection occurs in the inner space of the inner membrane 2, and the temperature distribution in the inner space of the inner membrane 2 is homogenized.
At night, altitude is maintained by closing all air valves, suppressing convection and increasing airtightness.
[0026]
When it is desired to obtain a large buoyancy at night or the like, as shown in FIG. 7, water 22 (a normal airship carries water for ballast) from the sprinkler 23 or the like into the inner space of the inner membrane 2. Scatter. The sprayed water is vaporized by being exposed to heated air to become water vapor. Since water vapor weighs about 60% of dry air, buoyancy can be further increased.
When the above operations are performed during the day, large buoyancy can be obtained, and the solar heat can be sublimated to temporarily lower the temperature to prevent heat from flowing out, and to minimize the temperature drop at night. (Latent heat is released when water vapor solidifies at night).
[0027]
In the case of this hot air balloon, since air exists in the intermembrane space, a living section and a cargo space can be secured below the intermembrane space. Placing the floor only on the part where a hard floor is required, such as a passage, and then forming the floor and walls with a soft membrane will greatly contribute to the overall weight reduction. Further, by reducing the number of gondola parts, the stress concentration on the film surface around the gondola can be eliminated, and the structure can be reduced in weight accordingly. Also, the elimination of protrusions reduces air resistance and helps improve the overall performance of the airship.
Above all, the panorama on the ground that spreads through the transparent floor gives the passengers a feeling of floating in the air and can draw out the charm of an airship that is completely different from an airplane. Maneuvering uses the image from the TV camera as much as possible, but if direct forward view is unavoidable, a minimal canopy 14 (see Fig. 7) is projected to the front of the hull like a bomb seat. .
An airship using this technology has a large capacity and a flexible structure compared to the helium type, but a conventional flexible structure airship requires a centralized arrangement of cabins and drive units in a rigid gondola part. Stress concentration has occurred around the periphery and around the catenary wire, and it has been difficult to increase the size to some extent. In the present invention, since the hard and heavy gondola is eliminated, the size can be increased as necessary.
[0028]
When all the air valves of the solar hot air balloon of this embodiment are closed, a balloon having a complete multilayer structure can be obtained. In this case, the outer intermembrane space is filled with an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon or helium at a slightly higher pressure, and the inner space of the inner membrane is filled with a flammable gas such as natural gas, methane or hydrogen that is lighter than air. Can be filled. In this case, the high-pressure inert gas can prevent the combustible gas from leaking into the atmosphere, and it is possible to navigate safely. When used in this way, buoyancy is not obtained from solar heat, but a balloon that floats with buoyancy caused by lighter gas than the air filled in the inner space of the inner membrane.
This balloon can be operated as a solar airship from Japan to the source of natural gas, and as an air tanker filled with natural gas from the source of natural gas to Japan.
[0029]
This balloon is large, with a total length of 200 meters or more, and can be an airship that is equipped with a power unit for obtaining a propulsive force and sails by itself. It is difficult to fix a large power unit to a soft balloon. Therefore, in this embodiment, the small power units shown in FIG. 8 are dispersedly arranged at a plurality of locations outside the outer membrane 1.
In FIG. 8, reference numeral 12 denotes a small power unit, which includes a tilt propeller, a motor for driving the tilt propeller, a 2-axis control servo motor, a motor power supply (solar battery) 13, a wireless communication device, and a computer. The operation is controlled by the radio 25 transmitted from the central computer 24. The airship has a rudder and an elevator in addition to the power unit 12, and these are also controlled by the radio 25 from the central computer 24.
As shown in FIGS. 1, 3, and 6, the power unit 12 is dispersedly arranged at a plurality of locations outside the outer membrane 1. Since the power unit 12 weighs about several tens of kilometres, as shown in FIG. 8, it penetrates the outer membrane 1 while maintaining airtightness, and is fixed to both the outer membrane 1 and the inner membrane 2 to generate thrust. In addition to effectively transmitting to the hull, it also contributes to reinforcing the double membrane of the outer membrane 1 and the inner membrane 2. The solar cell 13 reduces the load by being deposited on the outer surface of the inner film 2. Or you may form the inner film | membrane 2 using the battery film | membrane which vapor-deposited the solar cell. Since the conversion efficiency of the solar cell is changed to heat when it is a limit of several tens of percent, the solar cell 13 can be effectively used as a heat source by directly attaching the solar cell 13 to the inner film 2, and the outer side. The solar cell 13 can be protected by the film 1.
[0030]
A fuel cell can be used as a combination with a solar cell or as an alternative to a solar cell. Fuel cells and reformers are currently being made lighter and more efficient in order to be mounted on passenger cars, but it is inefficient to attach them individually to each power unit 12, so a membrane near the center of gravity in the center of the hull Reinforce and attach these. In this case, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, on the upper part of the fuel reformer 15 and the fuel cell 16, a storage bag 17 for fuel propane (back for fuel heavier than air) 17 formed of a membrane, and a membrane The storage bag (fuel bag lighter than air) 18 for methane for fuel formed in (1) is installed.
Since conventional airships use fuel heavier than air (mainly gasoline), they must be lighter than air when flying for a long period of time, hindering mooring and consuming valuable helium. It was.
In the case of the airships of FIGS. 6 and 7, if buoyancy is desired, the same effect can be obtained by throwing ballast by using propane as fuel. If you want to descend gradually, you can reduce buoyancy by using methane as fuel. The same effect can be obtained by using liquid fuel such as gasoline instead of propane.
The waste heat of the reformer 15 and the fuel cell 16 is effectively used for heating the floating gas. If the amount of heat is inevitably insufficient, propane or the like is burned with a burner in the same manner as a normal hot air balloon, and the buoyancy is increased. Can also be maintained. In the figure, 14 is a cockpit.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional projection view showing a mechanism of an airship.
FIG. 2 is a side view of a balloon type.
FIG. 3 is a side view of an airship type.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the flow of air during heating.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the air flow during heat dissipation.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a fuel tank and a fuel cell.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the entire airship.
FIG. 8 is a projection view showing centralized control of the propulsion control unit.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure in which a projector is mounted inside a balloon.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Outer membrane 2: Inner membrane 3: Partition membrane 4: Outer membrane upper air valve 5: Inner membrane upper air valve 6: Partition membrane air valve 7: Inner membrane lower air valve 8: Outer membrane lower air valve 9: Exhaust pipe 10: living room, cargo compartment 11: top permeable membrane 12: power unit 13: solar cell 14: cockpit 15: fuel reformer 16: fuel cell 17: fuel bag heavier than air 18: fuel bag lighter than air 19: Catenary wire
20: Projector 21: Heat ray absorbing film 22: Ballast water 23: Sprinkler
24: Centralized control computer 25: Radio wave

Claims (9)

  The balloon is composed of two or more membranes, the outer membrane is a transparent or semi-transparent membrane, the inner membrane is a heat-absorbing membrane, and a hot air balloon that rises by heating the gas in the balloon by the greenhouse effect, A hot air balloon with a means of spraying water into the inner space. The hot air balloon according to claim 1 , wherein a buoyancy is adjusted by attaching a valve to an upper part and a lower part of the inner membrane and controlling convection of the inner gas in the inner membrane. The hot air balloon according to claim 1 , wherein convection of the inner gas of the inner film is promoted by using a transparent or translucent film near the top of the inner film and a heat-absorbing film as the remainder. The hot air balloon according to claim 1 , wherein a residential area and a cargo compartment are arranged in the intermembrane space. The hot air balloon according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the power units are dispersedly arranged at a plurality of locations outside the outer membrane. The hot air balloon according to claim 5 , wherein each of the power units has a propeller, a propeller drive motor, a motor power supply, a wireless communication device, and a computer, and the central computer controls each power unit wirelessly. Hot air balloon of claim 5 or 6 for heating the levitation gas in the waste heat of the power unit. The hot air balloon according to any one of claims 5 to 7, which has fuel heavier than air and lighter than air, consumes the former to increase buoyancy, and consumes the latter to reduce buoyancy. The hot air balloon according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein a solar cell is deposited on the inner film.

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