JP4685644B2 - Heavy oil reformer, heavy oil reformer shutdown method, and gas turbine equipped with heavy oil reformer - Google Patents

Description

The present invention includes a heavy oil reformer that reforms heavy oil by hydrothermal reaction of heavy oil and high-temperature high-pressure water, a method for stopping the heavy oil reformer, and a heavy oil reformer. Related to gas turbines.

  High-temperature and high-pressure water, which is made from high-temperature and high-pressure water, has a low dielectric constant, so it can contain organic substances that do not dissolve in water. It becomes a reaction solvent suitable for a reaction that undergoes oxidative decomposition in the presence of an oxidizing agent. Therefore, using these characteristics, organic waste treatment using high-temperature and high-pressure water, and reforming technology that reforms heavy oil using its hydrothermal reaction to produce reformed fuel have been studied. Yes. In heavy oil reforming equipment using hydrothermal reaction with high-temperature and high-pressure water, heavy components contained in heavy oil adhere as residue in a reaction vessel in which heavy oil is brought into contact with high-temperature and high-pressure water and subjected to hydrothermal reaction. Or coking that a part of heavy oil becomes solid carbon, that is, coke, occurs in a high temperature reaction environment.

  In Patent Document 1, in order to prevent coke generation or to remove coke in a reaction vessel, a reaction vessel in which a plurality of reaction vessels are installed in a heavy oil reformer and a cleaning operation are provided, and a reaction vessel in which a reforming operation is performed, A technique for alternately switching between and using is disclosed.

JP 2005-154536 A

  If a heavy oil reformer, such as a pump, breaks down due to a failure in the heavy oil reformer, the heavy oil stays in the reaction vessel for a long time at a high temperature of 350 to 550 ° C. As a result, a large amount of coke is generated and the reaction vessel and heavy oil supply system are blocked. Once a large amount of coke is produced, the heavy oil reforming is performed unless the coke generated by dismantling the reaction vessel and heavy oil supply system is removed by washing the reaction vessel and heavy oil supply system. The equipment cannot be restarted. When the reaction vessel and the heavy oil supply system are disassembled in this way, a cleaning operation and a reassembly operation are required. Therefore, it takes a long time to resume the operation of the heavy oil reformer. Therefore, when the heavy oil reformer is supplied as the gas turbine fuel for the gas turbine power plant, the heavy oil reformer operation stop results in the power plant operation stop. Unless measures are taken to prevent coke generation when the operation is stopped, the heavy oil reformer can be an obstacle to the construction of a power generation facility that can stably supply power.

  The object of the present invention is to suppress the adhesion of coke generated from heavy oil to the main equipment constituting the heavy oil reformer when the operation of the heavy oil reformer stops, and the system blockage caused thereby, An object of the present invention is to provide a heavy oil reformer that can safely stop the operation of the reformer, a method for stopping the heavy oil reformer, and a gas turbine including the heavy oil reformer.

The heavy oil reforming apparatus of the present invention includes a first pipe that supplies pressurized heavy oil that constitutes a heavy oil supply system, and the first pipe that is installed in the first pipe and is pressurized. A heavy oil heater for heating heavy oil, a second pipe for supplying pressurized water constituting a water supply system, and heating the pressurized water installed in the second pipe The high temperature heavy oil heated by the heavy oil heater and the high temperature water heated by the water heater were mixed with the water heater to be connected to the first pipe and the second pipe. A third pipe that supplies the mixed fluid, a preheater that is installed in each of the third pipes and that heats the mixed fluid, and a high-temperature and high-pressure mixed fluid heated by the preheater are subjected to a hydrothermal reaction, and Water tank for storing water in a heavy oil reformer equipped with a reaction vessel for reforming heavy oil in a mixed fluid to produce reformed fuel Was placed, the preheater and reaction vessel through the water tank is stored in the water by disposing a separate water supply pipe for supplying the upstream side of the preheater, the further water supply pipe from the water tank It is characterized in that water is supplied to the preheater and the reaction vessel so that heavy oil existing in the preheater and the reaction vessel can be purged out of the system.

Further, the heavy oil reforming apparatus stopping method of the present invention is installed in a first pipe for supplying pressurized heavy oil constituting a heavy oil supply system, and the first pipe. A heavy oil heater that heats pressurized heavy oil, a second pipe that supplies pressurized water that constitutes the water supply system, and a pressure that is installed in the second pipe A high-temperature heavy oil heated by the heavy oil heater connected to the first pipe and the second pipe and the high-temperature heavy oil heated by the water heater. A third pipe for supplying a mixed fluid mixed with water, a preheater installed in the third pipe for heating the mixed fluid, and a high-temperature high-pressure mixed fluid heated by the preheater. A method for stopping a heavy oil reformer equipped with a reaction vessel that generates a reformed fuel by reforming heavy oil in the mixed fluid through thermal reaction There are, in the case of stopping the operation of the heavy oil reforming apparatus, another water arranged to supply to the upstream side of the preheater water is stored in a separately provided the water tank from the water tank By supplying from the upstream side of the preheater through a supply pipe and flowing into the preheater and the reaction vessel, the heavy oil present in the preheater and the reaction vessel is purged out of the system with the water, and by supplying water After the preheater and the reaction vessel are cooled, the heavy oil reformer is stopped.

  According to the present invention, when the operation of the heavy oil reformer is stopped, adhesion of coke generated from the heavy oil to the main equipment constituting the heavy oil reformer and the system blockage caused thereby are suppressed. A heavy oil reformer that can safely stop the operation of the reformer, a method for stopping the heavy oil reformer, and a gas turbine including the heavy oil reformer can be realized.

  Next, a gas turbine power generator equipped with a heavy oil reformer, which is an embodiment to which the present invention is applied, will be described.

  An emergency stop device for a heavy oil reformer applied to a gas turbine power generator equipped with a heavy oil reformer according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 1, the heavy oil supply system constituting the heavy oil reforming apparatus 1 includes a heavy oil tank 33 for storing the heavy oil 11 a, and a heavy oil 11 a in the heavy oil tank 33 of 13 to 13. Heavy oil pump 31 pressurized and fed to 30 MPa, heavy oil heater 41 for heating heavy oil 11a fed from heavy oil pump 31 to 350 ° C., and this heavy oil heater A pipe 101 for supplying high-temperature and high-pressure heavy oil 11a heated at 41 is provided.

  Further, an emergency discharge water tank 34 is provided as a system for purging the heavy oil 11a at the time of emergency stop, and a pipe 108 for supplying the water 14a stored in the emergency discharge water tank 34 through the pipe 101 is provided. 108 is provided with a valve 71 and a check valve 90. The water 14a is preferably a basic aqueous solution. If the basic aqueous solution is used as the water 14a, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of polythionic acid SCC on the preheater 42 and the reaction vessel 50 into which the basic aqueous solution flows and the inner wall surface of the piping system through which the heavy oil flows down. It becomes. Further, a pressure tank 38 for storing nitrogen gas or the like serving as a pressurizing source for pushing out the water 14 a in the emergency discharge water tank 34 is communicated with the emergency discharge water tank 34 through a pipe 109 having a valve 72.

  On the other hand, the water supply system constituting the heavy oil reforming apparatus 1 includes a water tank 32 that stores water 12a, and a water pump 30 that pressurizes and supplies the water 12a in the water tank 32 to 13 to 30 MPa. A water heater 40 for heating the water 12a fed from the water pump 30 to 450 ° C. and a pipe 102 for supplying the high-temperature and high-pressure water 12a heated by the water heater 40 are provided.

  Then, the heavy oil 11a and the water 12a flow into the mixer 43 constituting the heavy oil reformer 1 provided at the connection point between the pipe 101 and the pipe 102, and the heavy oil 11a and the water 12a are supplied. The mixed high-temperature and high-pressure mixed fluid 13 a flows down through the pipe 103 and flows into the preheater 42 constituting the heavy oil reformer 1. The mixed fluid 13a whose pressure has been increased to 13 to 30 MPa is heated to 400 to 480 ° C. which is a desired temperature by the preheater 42, flows down through the pipe 104, and the heater 20 constituting the heavy oil reforming apparatus 1 is supplied. It flows into the reactor 50 provided.

  In the reactor 50, the temperature of the mixed fluid 13 a increased to 13 to 30 MPa is maintained at a desired temperature of 400 to 480 ° C. by heating from the outside with the heater 20. The mixed fluid 13a of the refined oil 11a and the water 12a is reformed by decomposing the heavy oil 11a by hydrothermal reaction under a high temperature and high pressure state at a pressure of 13 to 30 MPa and a temperature of 400 to 480 ° C. Generate. The pressure in the reaction vessel 50 is adjusted by the pressure reducer 54 and the pressure reducing valve 12. Here, an orifice is used for the decompressor 54, and the pressure fluctuation in the reaction vessel 50 is suppressed by minute opening / closing of the decompression valve 12. As a means for heating water and heavy oil in the water heater 40, oil heater 41, preheater 42, and reaction vessel 50, an electric heater is used in this embodiment, but water is used by using a heat exchanger with high-temperature steam. The heavy oil may be heated, or a combustion gas obtained by burning the heavy oil may be used.

  Then, the reformed fuel 15a produced in the reactor 50 and from which the metals have been removed is extracted through the pipe 111 and flows into the pressure reducer 54 that communicates with the pipe 111 through the pressure reducing valve 12 provided in the pipe 111. Further, it is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 55 downstream of the decompressor 54 and decompressed to 0.1 MPa. In the gas-liquid separator 55, the reformed fuel 15a is depressurized, and the reformed fuel gas 17a of hydrocarbon gas containing water vapor, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, propane, butane, and the like are liquefied. The reformed oil 18a is separated. Since the reformed fuel gas 17a does not contain heavy metal vanadium, the reformed fuel gas 17a is supplied through the pipe 112, and the flow rate is controlled by the flow rate control valve 15 provided in the pipe 112 to the combustor 63 constituting the gas turbine device 60. Supplied as fuel.

  On the other hand, the reformed oil 18a separated by the gas-liquid separator 55 is supplied to the reformed oil tank 56 through the pipe 113 and stored. Possible applications of the reformed oil 18a include fuels such as gas turbines and diesel engines.

  In the gas turbine 60, the combustor 63 mixes the air 21a pressurized by the compressor 62 and the reformed fuel gas 17a and burns them to generate the combustion gas 22a. The turbine 61 is driven by the gas 22a and power is generated by the generator 65 connected to the turbine 61. The combustion exhaust gas 23a discharged from the turbine 61 is released from the chimney 70 into the atmosphere. The combustor 63 is a boiler burner or a gas engine combustor when the equipment to which the reformed fuel of heavy oil is supplied as fuel is a boiler or a gas engine instead of a gas turbine device.

  Inside the reaction vessel 50, the remaining heavy portion 16a from which the reformed fuel 15a has been taken out settles in the lower portion of the reaction vessel 50 without being dissolved or mixed in high-temperature high-pressure water. Since the metals contained in the heavy oil are concentrated in the heavy portion 16 a, the outlet valve 13 is opened, and the heavy portion 16 a is discharged to the heavy portion extractor 52 through the pipe 105. Then, after the pressure in the heavy component extractor 52 becomes the same as the pressure in the reaction vessel 50, the outlet valve 13 is closed, and then the extraction valve 14 is opened to connect the heavy component 16a to the pipe 107. Through the system. In this embodiment, the heavy portion 16 a extracted from the heavy portion extractor 52 is recovered by the heavy portion recovery device 53 through the pipe 107.

  Further, a pipe 106 provided with an emergency discharge valve 73 branches off from a portion upstream of the outlet valve 13 in the pipe 105 on the downstream side of the reaction vessel 50, and the other end of this pipe 106 is the emergency discharge tank 35. Communicating with Therefore, when the heavy oil reformer reaches a situation where it must be stopped urgently for some reason, the heavy oil present in the reaction vessel 50 is operated by the operation of the pipe 106 and the emergency discharge valve 73. The minute 16a and the mixed fluid 13a can be extracted to the emergency discharge tank 35.

  When the heavy oil reforming apparatus 1 urgently stops operation, carbonization due to the heavy oil 11a staying at 350 ° C. or higher for a long time is prevented, and the heavy oil heater 41 and the preheater 42 are prevented. In order to prevent the coke from adhering to the reaction vessel 50 and the clogging caused thereby, the water 14a stored in the emergency discharge water tank 34 is caused to flow down so that the heavy oil heater 41, the preheater 42, and the reaction vessel 50 While purging the heavy oil 11a existing inside, the temperature of each of these devices is cooled by the water 14a and lowered.

  For this purpose, an emergency control device 200 is installed. When the heavy oil reforming device 1 is stopped, water 14a is supplied to purge heavy oil, or the heavy oil 16a and the mixture are mixed from the reaction vessel 50. An operation necessary to take out the fluid 13a is performed.

  Next, in the gas turbine power generator equipped with the heavy oil reformer 1 described above, the operation when the operation of the heavy oil reformer 1 is urgently stopped will be described. If the operation of the heavy oil reformer 1 is stopped due to a power failure or a failure of the pump of the heavy oil reformer 1, etc., which is a situation that hinders the operation of the reaction vessel 50, the heavy oil reformer The following control operations are performed in order to prevent coke from adhering to the preheater 42, the reaction vessel 50 and the piping system through which heavy oil circulates, and the blockage due to coke adhesion.

  That is, when a power failure or the like occurs and a situation that hinders the operation of the reaction vessel 50 of the main equipment constituting the heavy oil reforming apparatus 1 occurs, the reaction vessel 50 cannot be normally operated. The pressure and temperature cannot maintain a predetermined value. Therefore, the pressure signal 201 detected by the pressure gauge 81 installed in the reaction vessel 50 is always monitored by the emergency control device 200, and it is determined that a failure has occurred when the pressure is suddenly reduced. Operation signal 205 is output. Similarly, when a failure occurs in the heavy oil pump 31, the discharge pressure of the heavy oil 11a rapidly decreases, so the emergency control device 200 always monitors the pressure signal 202 detected by the pressure gauge 82 installed in the pipe 101. In addition, when the discharge pressure is suddenly decreased, it is determined that a failure has occurred, and the emergency control device 200 outputs an operation signal 205 to the valve 71 and the like. Similarly, when a failure occurs in the water pump 30, the discharge pressure of the water 12 a drops rapidly, so the emergency control device 200 always monitors the pressure signal 203 detected by the pressure gauge 83 installed in the pipe 102, When the discharge pressure suddenly decreases, it is determined that there is a failure, and the emergency control device 200 outputs an operation signal 205 to the valve 71 and the like.

  More specifically, the occurrence of some serious situation or failure as described above, which is a situation that hinders the operation of the reaction vessel 50 by monitoring the state quantity of the main equipment monitored by the emergency control device 200, for example, the pressure value. When detected, it is necessary to urgently stop the operation of the heavy oil reformer 1 to protect the main equipment of the heavy oil reformer 1. For this reason, when the occurrence of a serious failure or the like is detected in the emergency control device 200, an operation signal 205 is sent from the emergency control device 200 to various valves or the like that operate the main equipment of the heavy oil reformer 1. And the operation valves are automatically opened and closed as follows, and thereafter the operation of the heavy oil reformer 1 is stopped quickly and safely.

  First, the flow control valve 15 installed in the pipe 112 is closed by the operation signal 205 from the emergency controller 200, and the reformed fuel gas 17a supplied from the gas-liquid separator 55 to the gas turbine combustor 63 is supplied. Stop. At the same time, the pressure reducing valve 12 installed in the pipe 111 is also closed to stop the supply of the reformed fuel 15a supplied from the reaction vessel 50 to the gas-liquid separator 55, and the pressure in the pressure reducing device 54 and the gas-liquid separator 55 is increased. Suppress. Similarly, the outlet valve 13 installed in the pipe 107 on the downstream side of the reaction vessel 50 is closed to stop feeding the heavy portion 16a discharged from the reaction vessel 50 to the heavy portion extractor 52. The pressure rise of the extractor 52 is suppressed. On the other hand, in order to suppress the pressure rise in the reaction vessel 50 itself, the emergency discharge valve 73 installed in the pipe 106 branched from the pipe 107 communicating with the reaction vessel 50 is opened, and the reaction vessel is supplied to the emergency discharge tank 35 through this pipe 106. The heavy portion 16a and the mixed fluid 13a existing in the interior 50 are extracted.

  Simultaneously with the operation of each valve described above, the operation of the heavy oil pump 31 installed in the heavy oil supply system is stopped by the operation signal 205 from the emergency controller 200. Next, the valve 71 installed in the pipe 108 communicated with the heavy oil supply system is opened, and the water 14 a stored in the emergency discharge water tank 34 flows into the pipe 101 via the pipe 108. The water 14a of the emergency discharge water tank 34 that has flowed into the pipe 101 sequentially flows down to the pipe 103 and the pipe 104 communicating with the pipe 101, and the heavy oil heater 41, the mixer 43, the preheater 42, and the reaction vessel 50, the heavy oil 11a existing in each device is purged out of the system by the water 14a, and each device is rapidly cooled by the inflow of the water 14a. 14a is discharged into the emergency discharge tank 35. The timing at which the water 14a stored from the emergency discharge water tank 34 is supplied to the heavy oil heater 41, the mixer 43, the preheater 42, and the reaction vessel 50 is such that the pressure of the reaction vessel 50 is the same as that of the water 14a. It is desirable to carry out after the pressure has been reduced to a level that allows easy inflow.

  As a pressurizing means for supplying the water 14a stored in the emergency discharge water tank 34 to each device more rapidly, high-pressure nitrogen stored in the cylinder 38 by the operation signal 205 from the emergency control device 200 is piped. If the valve 72 installed at 109 is opened and supplied to the emergency discharge water tank 34, the water 14a in the emergency discharge water tank 34 is pressurized, so that the supply of the water 14a to each device can be accelerated. it can. When there is no pressurization source such as nitrogen, the water 14a is supplied only to the check valve 90 installed in the pipe 108 before the internal pressure of the heavy oil reformer decreases. When the internal pressure decreases, the water 14a is supplied to the pipe 101 through the check valve 90.

  In order to easily supply the water 14 a to the pipe 101, the emergency discharge water tank 34 is installed at a position higher than the heavy oil heater 41, the preheater 42, the mixer 43, and the reaction vessel 50. It is better to install in. Another inert gas may be used instead of nitrogen for pressurizing the water 14a. However, an oxidizing gas such as air or oxygen may react with a hydrocarbon gas inside the device and burn or explode. If oxygen is present in the preheater 42 or the reaction vessel 50, it is heavy. Hydrogen sulfide is generated from sulfur contained in the oil, and polythionic acid SCC is generated therefrom, which may cause cracks in the preheater 42 and the reaction vessel 50. And after each above-mentioned operation is complete | finished, the driving | operation of the heavy oil reforming apparatus 1 is complete | finished.

  As is clear from the above description, when the heavy oil reforming device 1 is to be urgently stopped, various operation valves are operated by the operation signal 205 from the emergency control device 200 and stored in the emergency discharge water tank 34. Water 14a is fed to heavy oil heater 41, preheater 42, mixer 43, reaction vessel 50, etc. of main equipment constituting heavy oil reformer 1 through which high-temperature heavy oil 11a exceeding 350 ° C. passes. While feeding and purging each equipment and the heavy oil 11a inside the pipe, the temperature of each equipment can be rapidly lowered to a temperature lower than the temperature at which coke is generated.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, when the operation of the heavy oil reformer is stopped, the main equipment constituting the heavy oil reformer is prevented from adhering coke generated from heavy oil and the system blockage caused thereby, A heavy oil reformer that can safely stop the operation of the heavy oil reformer and a gas turbine including the heavy oil reformer can be realized.

  Next, an emergency stop device for a heavy oil reformer applied to a gas turbine power generator equipped with a heavy oil reformer according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 2, in this embodiment, the basic configuration and the control operation at the time of emergency stop are the same as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG. Only will be described. In the present embodiment, the system for supplying the cooling water 14a to the piping 101 of the heavy oil supply system constituting the heavy oil reforming apparatus 1 is different from the first embodiment of FIG. Also in this embodiment, as a system for purging the heavy oil 11a when the heavy oil reforming apparatus 1 is in an emergency stop, the emergency discharge water tank 34 and the water stored in the emergency discharge water tank 34 are supplied through the pipe 101. The configuration in which the pipe 108 and the valve 71 and the check valve 90 are provided in the pipe 108 is the same as that in the first embodiment, but the end of the pipe 108 bypasses the heavy oil heater 41 and heats the heavy oil. The configuration communicating with the pipe 101 on the downstream side of the vessel 41 is different from that of the first embodiment. The emergency discharge water tank 34 is connected to a pressure tank 38 for storing nitrogen gas or the like as a pressurizing source for pushing out the water in the emergency discharge water tank 34 through a pipe 109 having a valve 72. Same as Example 1.

  Some heavy oils 1a have a high coke generation speed due to the difference in the components. When the heavy oil reformer 1 stops emergency operation, the heavy oil 1a is removed as quickly as possible from the preheater 42 and the reaction vessel 50 having a high temperature. At the same time, the equipment and the heavy oil supply system are cooled and the preheater 42, the reaction vessel 50, and the coke generated from the heavy oil in the supply system are prevented from being attached and clogged. In this case, the configuration of this embodiment is effective.

  That is, when the occurrence of any serious failure is detected by the emergency control device 200, the valve 72 installed in the pipe 108 is opened by the operation signal 205 output from the emergency control device 200, and the emergency discharge water tank The water 14a stored in 34 is bypassed from the heavy oil heater 41 and supplied from the pipe 101 located on the outlet side of the heavy oil heater 41 to flow down the pipe 103 and the pipe 103, and the mixer 43, The heavy oil 11a is purged with the water 14a from the preheater 42, the reaction vessel 50, the pipe 101, the pipe 103, and the pipe 103, and the above equipment is cooled to lower the temperature of these equipment. In addition, since the structure of the apparatus other than the above and valve | bulb operated by the operation signal 205 from the emergency control apparatus 200 is the same as Example 1 of FIG. 1, description was abbreviate | omitted.

  According to this embodiment, the water in the emergency discharge water tank is supplied to each device through which high-temperature heavy oil exceeding 350 ° C. passes, such as a preheater and a reaction vessel, at the time of emergency stop of the heavy oil reformer. The temperature can be lowered by cooling by the above, and the heavy oil remaining in the preheater and the reaction vessel can be purged, and the coke adheres to the piping system through which heavy oil such as the preheater and the reaction vessel circulates, and the system thereby Since the blockage is prevented, the occurrence of coke at the time of emergency stop of the heavy oil reformer and the blockage caused thereby can be prevented, and the heavy oil reformer can be safely stopped. Further, since no new heavy oil is supplied from the heavy oil heater, the amount of water required for purging can be reduced, and the volume of the emergency discharge water tank for storing water can be reduced.

  Next, an emergency stop device for a heavy oil reformer applied to a gas turbine power generator equipped with a heavy oil reformer according to still another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 3, in this embodiment, the basic configuration and the control operation at the time of emergency stop are the same as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG. Only will be described. Also in this embodiment, the system for supplying the cooling water 14a to the piping 101 of the heavy oil supply system constituting the heavy oil reforming apparatus 1 is different from that of the first embodiment of FIG.

  That is, also in the present embodiment, the water tank 32 that stores the water 12a, which is the water supply system constituting the heavy oil reformer 1, and the water 12a in the water tank 32 are pressurized to 13 to 30 MPa and sent. A water pump 30 for supplying water, a water heater 40 for heating water 12a supplied from the water pump 30 to 450 ° C., and a pipe 102 for supplying high-temperature and high-pressure water 12a heated by the water heater 40 are provided. Although the configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the configuration in which the water preheater 39 is installed in the pipe 102 on the upstream side of the water heater 40 is different. Further, as a system for purging the heavy oil 11a when the heavy oil reforming apparatus 1 is in an emergency stop, an emergency discharge water tank 34 and a pipe 108 for supplying water 14a stored in the emergency discharge water tank 34 through the pipe 101 are provided. The configuration in which the valve 71 and the check valve 90 are provided in the pipe 108 is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. The arrangement arranged to communicate is different. Further, in this embodiment, the pipe 102 in the water preheater 39 and the pipe 101 in the heavy oil heater 41 are installed close to each other, and the heavy oil 11a flowing through the pipe 101 of the heavy oil heater 41, water The pipe 101 and the pipe 102 are arranged so that the water 12a flowing through the pipe 102 of the preheater 39 exchanges heat with each other.

  With the above-described configuration, the pipe 102 of the water preheater 39 and the pipe 101 of the heavy oil heater 41 are arranged close to each other, so that the water 12a is boosted to, for example, 20 MPa by the water pump 30, and the water preheater 39 To 20 MPa water boiling point (366 ° C.). Since latent heat is required for the evaporation of water, the temperature of 366 ° C. or higher is after all the water 12a has been vaporized. For this reason, the heavy oil 11a flowing through the heavy oil heater 41 is unlikely to rise to 366 ° C. or higher, so that it is prevented from being carbonized by being exposed to a high temperature. The water 12a is heated by the downstream water heater 40 to become high-temperature and high-pressure water 12a.

  In this embodiment, the valve 71 installed in the pipe 108 is opened by the operation signal 205 output from the emergency control device 200 when the heavy oil reformer 1 is in an emergency stop, and the water 14a in the emergency discharge water tank 34 is supplied. The heavy oil heater 41 adjacent to the water preheater 39 is cooled by supplying the pipe 102 on the inlet side of the water preheater 39 to flow down. Then, by supplying the water 14a of the tank 34 from the inlet side of the water preheater 39, normal temperature water is supplied to the high temperature piping, and each device can be connected without causing stress due to thermal contraction to the piping or the device suddenly. It can be cooled and the risk of pipe cracking due to heat shrinkage can be reduced. At the same time, the water 14 a stored in the emergency discharge water tank 34 flows down the pipe 103 and the pipe 103, and the heavy oil 11 a from the mixer 43, the preheater 42 and the reaction vessel 50, and the pipe 101, the pipe 103 and the pipe 103. Are purged with water 14a, and the devices are cooled to lower the temperature of these devices.

  The configuration of the devices and valves other than those described above operated by the operation signal 205 from the emergency control device 200 is the same as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG.

  According to this embodiment, the water in the emergency discharge water tank is supplied to each device through which high-temperature heavy oil exceeding 350 ° C. passes, such as a preheater and a reaction vessel, at the time of emergency stop of the heavy oil reformer. The coke adheres to piping systems through which heavy oil flows, such as heavy oil heaters, preheaters, and reaction vessels. In addition, the heavy oil reforming apparatus can be safely stopped by preventing the system from being blocked.

The present invention is applicable to a heavy oil reformer that produces reformed fuel from heavy oil and a gas turbine that includes the heavy oil reformer.

1 is a plant system diagram showing the configuration of a gas turbine power generator equipped with a heavy oil reformer that is one embodiment of the present invention. The plant system diagram which shows the structure of the gas turbine electric power generating apparatus provided with the heavy oil reforming apparatus which is another Example of this invention. The plant system diagram which shows the structure of the gas turbine electric power generating apparatus provided with the heavy oil reformer which is further another Example of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1: heavy oil reformer, 11a: heavy oil, 12a: water, 13a: mixed fluid, 14a: water, 15a: reformed fuel, 16a: heavy component, 17a: reformed fuel gas, 18a: modified Refined oil, 12: decompression valve, 13: outlet valve, 14: extraction valve, 15: flow control valve, 20: heater, 21a: pressurized air, 22a: combustion gas, 23a: combustion exhaust gas, 30: water pump 31: Heavy oil pump, 32: Water tank, 33: Heavy oil tank, 34: Emergency discharge water tank, 38: Cylinder, 39: Water preheater, 40: Water heater, 41: Oil heater, 42 : Preheater, 43: Mixer, 50: Reaction vessel, 52: Heavy content extractor, 53: Heavy content collector, 54: Decompressor, 55: Gas-liquid separator, 56: Reformed oil tank, 70: chimney, 60: gas turbine, 63: gas turbine combustor, 61: turbine, 62: compressor 71, 72, 73: valve, 90: check valve, 101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109: Plumbing.

Claims (11)

A first pipe that supplies pressurized heavy oil that constitutes a heavy oil supply system , and a heavy oil heater that is installed in the first pipe and heats the pressurized heavy oil When, a second pipe for supplying pressurized water constituting the supply system of the water, and a water heater for heating water under pressure is installed in the second pipe, the first pipe And a third pipe connected to the second pipe and supplying a mixed fluid obtained by mixing high-temperature heavy oil heated by the heavy oil heater and high-temperature water heated by the water heater ; the third pipe is installed respectively on the preheater and the preheater in a heated high-temperature high-pressure fluid mixture heating the mixed fluid reforming heavy oil該混confluence body in reacted hydrothermally In a heavy oil reformer equipped with a reaction vessel for generating reformed fuel,
Established a water tank for storing water, the water stored in the water tank is disposed a different water supply pipe for supplying the upstream side of the preheater, through the further water supply pipe from the water tank A heavy oil reformer configured to supply water to the preheater and the reaction vessel so that heavy oil existing in the preheater and the reaction vessel can be purged out of the system. The heavy oil reformer according to claim 1,
The other water supply pipe is disposed so as to communicate with the first pipe constituting the heavy oil supply system upstream of the heavy oil heater, and the water stored in the water tank is heavy. A heavy oil reformer configured to supply to the preheater and the reaction vessel from the upstream side of the preheater via an oil heater. The heavy oil reformer according to claim 1,
The other water supply pipe is arranged to communicate with the first pipe constituting the heavy oil supply system on the downstream side of the heavy oil heater, and the water stored in the water tank is made heavy. A heavy oil reformer configured to bypass the oil heater and supply the preheater and the reaction vessel from the upstream side of the preheater. The heavy oil reformer according to claim 1,
The second further set up a separate water heater on the upstream side of the placement water heater to the pipe, the another water heater, disposed on the first pipe constituting the supply system of heavy oil A heavy oil reforming apparatus, wherein the heavy oil superheater is disposed close to the heavy oil superheater so as to be able to exchange heat with the heavy oil superheater. The heavy oil reformer according to claim 1,
When a situation that hinders the operation of the reaction vessel occurs, the occurrence of the trouble that occurred in the operation of the reaction vessel is detected, and water stored in the water tank is supplied to the upstream side of the preheater. A heavy oil reformer comprising a control device for operating a valve installed in the other water supply pipe . The heavy oil reformer according to claim 1,
A heavy oil comprising a pressure vessel for supplying a high-pressure inert gas to the water tank so that water supplied from the water tank to the other water supply pipe can be pressurized. Reformer. The heavy oil reformer according to claim 4, wherein
The another water supply pipe is disposed so as to communicate with the second pipe on the upstream side of the another water heater, and the water stored in the water tank passes through the another water heater. The heavy oil reforming apparatus is configured to supply the preheater and the reaction vessel from the upstream side of the preheater. The heavy oil reformer according to claim 1,
The heavy oil reformer characterized in that the water stored in the water tank is a basic aqueous solution. A first pipe that supplies pressurized heavy oil that constitutes a heavy oil supply system , and a heavy oil heater that is installed in the first pipe and heats the pressurized heavy oil When, a second pipe for supplying pressurized water constituting the supply system of the water, and a water heater for heating water under pressure is installed in the second pipe, the first pipe And a third pipe connected to the second pipe and supplying a mixed fluid obtained by mixing high-temperature heavy oil heated by the heavy oil heater and high-temperature water heated by the water heater ; the third pipe is installed respectively on the preheater and the preheater in a heated high-temperature high-pressure fluid mixture heating the mixed fluid reforming heavy oil該混confluence body in reacted hydrothermally A heavy oil reformer having a reaction vessel for producing reformed fuel, and a gas driven by burning the reformed fuel produced in the reaction vessel. And a turbine, established a water tank for storing water, the water stored in the water tank is disposed a different water supply pipe for supplying the upstream side of the preheater, the further from the water tank The heavy oil reforming is characterized in that water is supplied to the preheater and the reaction vessel through the water supply pipe, and the heavy oil existing in the preheater and the reaction vessel can be purged out of the system. Gas turbine with equipment. A first pipe that supplies pressurized heavy oil that constitutes a heavy oil supply system , and a heavy oil heater that is installed in the first pipe and heats the pressurized heavy oil When, a second pipe for supplying pressurized water constituting the supply system of the water, and a water heater for heating water under pressure is installed in the second pipe, the first pipe And a third pipe connected to the second pipe and supplying a mixed fluid obtained by mixing high-temperature heavy oil heated by the heavy oil heater and high-temperature water heated by the water heater ; the third pipe is installed respectively on the preheater and the preheater in a heated high-temperature high-pressure fluid mixture heating the mixed fluid reforming heavy oil該混confluence body in reacted hydrothermally In a method for stopping a heavy oil reformer equipped with a reaction vessel for generating reformed fuel,
Another water supply pipe arranged to supply water stored in a separate water tank from the water tank to the upstream side of the preheater when stopping the operation of the heavy oil reformer From the upstream side of the preheater and flow into the preheater and the reaction vessel, purge the heavy oil present in the preheater and the reaction vessel outside the system with the water, and the preheat by supplying water And stopping the operation of the heavy oil reformer after cooling the reactor and the reaction vessel. In the heavy oil reformer stopping method according to claim 10,
Water from the water tank is supplied through the further water supply pipe is bypassing the heavy oil heater supplied from the position of the downstream side of said heavy oil heater so that flowed into the preheater and the reactor A method for stopping a heavy oil reformer characterized by comprising:

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