JP4854636B2 - Reformed fuel-fired gas turbine plant - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a reformed fuel-fired gas turbine plant using heavy oil as fuel.

  Heavy oil is inexpensive, but not only has high viscosity but also contains a high concentration of sulfur and heavy metals. Combusting this heavy oil as it causes high temperature corrosion problems in combustion equipment Therefore, it cannot be used as fuel for gas turbines and the like.

  For this reason, techniques for lightening, desulfurizing, and demetalizing heavy oil into a fuel that can also be used for gas turbines are disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2002-338773 and 2003-286491. Is disclosed.

  In the techniques described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2002-338773 and 2003-286491, a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction of about 25 MPa and about 380 ° C. is performed using high-temperature and high-pressure water and heavy oil using a fuel reformer. Disclosed is a gas turbine system equipped with a reformer that reacts under conditions to generate reformed fuel by pyrolyzing and hydrolyzing heavy oil and supplying the generated reformed fuel as fuel for the gas turbine. is doing.

  Further, in the technique described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-246876, a partial oxidizer that partially oxidizes residual oil (tar) obtained by reacting and decomposing coal or heavy oil under high-temperature and high-pressure reaction conditions. Discloses a gas turbine system that extracts a combustible gas such as CO and supplies the combustible gas as fuel for the gas turbine.

JP 2002-338773 A JP 2003-286491 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-246876

  By the way, in the technique described in JP 2002-338773 A and JP 2003-286491 A, heavy oil and water are reacted under high temperature and high pressure reaction conditions to perform thermal decomposition and hydrolysis of the heavy oil. A tar tank that contains tar, which is residual oil separated from the reformed oil, is installed downstream of the fuel reformer to be used, but there are still reformable components in the tar in this tar tank. Therefore, it is disadvantageous from the viewpoint of effective use of resources to discharge this tar out of the system as it is or to burn it as fuel for a combustion furnace.

  In the technique described in JP-A-11-246876, when a combustible gas such as CO is extracted from the tar by a partial oxidation apparatus that partially oxidizes the tar with oxygen, the tar may be removed depending on the oxygen concentration and temperature conditions. There is a possibility that an exothermic reaction may occur due to an abrupt oxidation reaction (combustion reaction) in the contained tar tank.

  If a sudden oxidation reaction occurs in the tar tank, there is a safety problem that the temperature in the tar tank rises rapidly and the pressure resistance of the metal material forming the tar tank may be reduced.

  In addition, there is a safety problem that the volume of the generated combustion gas expands due to a rapid oxidation reaction in the tar tank, and the pressure rapidly rises and may damage the tar tank.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a tar tank that contains tar by effectively using tar obtained by reacting heavy oil and water under high temperature and high pressure reaction conditions to separate the reformed oil produced from the heavy oil. An object of the present invention is to provide a reformed fuel-fired gas turbine plant that can extract combustible gas as reformed fuel from tar without adversely affecting the safety of the fuel.

  The reformed fuel-fired gas turbine plant of the present invention comprises a water heater that heats water, a heavy oil heater that heats heavy oil, and high-temperature and high-pressure water and heavy oil mixed to react under high-temperature and high-pressure reaction conditions. A fuel reformer that thermally decomposes and hydrolyzes heavy oil to produce reformed fuel from heavy oil, and guides the reformed fuel generated by the fuel reformer to separate it into reformed gas and liquid reformed fuel A reformer including a gas-liquid separator, a gas turbine combustor that generates combustion gas by burning the reformed gas and the liquid reformed fuel separated by the gas-liquid separator, and the gas turbine combustor And a gas turbine device provided with a compressor for compressing air, and tar obtained by separating the reformed fuel generated from heavy oil in the fuel reformer Multiple heating reaction tars supplied from a fuel reformer and stored Combustion gas in which a tar is installed and the tar tank for heating reaction is configured in a double structure of an outer container and an inner container accommodated in the outer container, and the separated tar is stored in the inner container and discharged from the turbine Is supplied to the inside of the outer container as a heating source, and the tar stored in the inner container is indirectly heated to extract the combustible gas and supply the combustible gas to the gas-liquid separator. It is characterized by that.

  According to the present invention, a tar tank that contains heavy tar and water under a reaction condition of high temperature and high pressure to effectively use a tar obtained by separating the reformed oil generated from the heavy oil and accommodates the tar. It is possible to realize a reformed fuel-fired gas turbine plant that can extract combustible gas as reformed fuel from tar without adversely affecting the safety of the fuel.

  Next, a reformed fuel-fired gas turbine plant that is an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  A reformed fuel-fired gas turbine plant that is one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  The reformed fuel-fired gas turbine plant of this embodiment shown in FIG. 1 includes a reformer 100 that reforms heavy oil 1 that is heavy oil, and a reformed fuel 18 that is reformed by the reformer 100. A gas turbine device 200 used as fuel is provided.

  The main structure of the reformer 100 will be described. A reformed fuel is prepared by reacting a heavy oil high-temperature / high-pressure heavy oil 1a and a high-temperature / high-pressure water 3a under high-temperature / high-pressure reaction conditions to thermally decompose and hydrolyze the heavy oil. A fuel reformer 7 for generating 18 is installed.

  The fuel reformer 7 is provided with a pipe 91 for supplying high-temperature and high-pressure heavy oil 1a heated to 200 to 400 ° C. and 10 to 30 MPa, and high-temperature and high-pressure water 3a heated to 350 to 500 ° C. and 10 to 30 MPa. A pipe 92 to be supplied is provided.

  And inside the fuel reformer 7, the high-temperature and high-pressure heavy oil 1a made 200 to 400 ° C. and 10 to 30 MPa and the high-temperature and high-pressure water 3a made 350 to 500 ° C. and 10 to 30 MPa are reacted under high-temperature and high-pressure reaction conditions. The reformed fuel 18 is produced by reacting and performing thermal decomposition and hydrolysis of heavy oil.

  The fuel reformer 7 is provided with a pipe 86 provided with a heated gas on / off valve 45 in order to maintain the high temperature and high pressure reaction conditions, and a high temperature heated gas for heating the fuel reformer 7 will be described later. The tar-fired combustion furnace 10 and the heavy oil heater 4 are configured to supply.

  Since the reformed fuel 18 which is reacted inside the fuel reformer 7 under high temperature and high pressure reaction conditions of 350 to 500 ° C. and 10 to 30 MPa and reformed by thermal decomposition and hydrolysis of heavy oil is high temperature and high pressure. Then, the pressure is reduced by the reduced pressure orifice 11 and the reformer pressure regulating valve 57 installed in the pipe 71, and the pressure is adjusted and then supplied to the gas-liquid separator 12.

  Further, the residual oil tar 17 collected at the bottom of the fuel reformer 7 is extracted from the fuel reformer 7 to the external tar tank 8 through a pipe 77 disposed at the bottom of the fuel reformer 7.

  A part of the tar 17 extracted in the tar tank 8 is temporarily stored in the server tank 9 from the tar tank 8 through the pipe 93 having the tar discharge valve 48, and the tar stored in the server tank 9 is stored. 17 is supplied as main fuel from the server tank 9 to the tar burning combustion furnace 10 through a pipe 93 provided with a tar opening / closing valve 44 and burned.

  As fuel to be burned in the tar burning combustion furnace 10, in addition to a part of the tar 17 supplied from the server tank 9 through the pipe 93, the heavy oil 1 stored in the heavy oil tank 111 is pressurized by the heavy oil pump 5 and heavy oil. It is supplied and used through a pipe 85 provided with a supply valve 50.

  The tar-fired combustion furnace 10 is provided with a blower 21 for supplying combustion air to the tar-fired combustion furnace 10.

  A part of the combustion gas generated by burning the tar 17 and the heavy oil 1 as fuel in the tar burning combustion furnace 10 is supplied to the heavy oil heater 4 through a pipe 86 provided with a gas regulating valve 55 for heating heavy oil. By heating the heavy oil heater 4 to 350 to 500 ° C., the heavy oil 1 pressurized from the heavy oil tank 111 by the heavy oil pump 5 to 10 to 30 MPa and supplied through the pipe 85 and the pipe 89 is heated to 200 to 400 ° C., A high-temperature and high-pressure heavy oil 1a heated to 10 to 30 MPa is produced.

  In addition, another part of the combustion gas generated by burning the tar 17 and heavy oil 1 as fuel in the tar burning combustion furnace 10 is supplied to the water heater 2 through a pipe 87 provided with a water heating gas regulating valve 56. By heating the water heater 2 to 200-400 ° C., the water 3 pressurized from the water tank 113 by the water pump 6 to 10-30 MPa and supplied through the pipe 88 is heated to 350-500 ° C., 10 ° C. High-temperature high-pressure water 3a heated under pressure of ˜30 MPa is generated.

  And the said high temperature / high pressure heavy oil 1a pressurized and heated to 200-400 degreeC and 10-30 MPa is supplied to the said fuel reformer 7 through the piping 91 provided with the high temperature / high pressure heavy oil supply adjustment valve 52, 350-500 degreeC, The high-temperature and high-pressure water 3a pressurized and heated to 10 to 30 MPa is supplied to the fuel reformer 7 through a pipe 92 provided with a high-temperature and high-pressure water supply regulating valve 51. By reacting the high temperature and high pressure water 3a under high temperature and high pressure reaction conditions, the fuel oil is thermally decomposed and hydrolyzed to produce the reformed fuel 18.

  Further, the reformed fuel 18 supplied to the gas-liquid separator 12 is separated into a reformed gas 19 and a liquid reformed fuel 20 by the gas-liquid separator 12, and the separated reformed gas 19 is It is supplied as gas fuel to the gas turbine combustor 24 of the gas turbine apparatus 200 through the pipe 72 provided with the reformed gas supply valve 41 for controlling the flow rate, and burns.

  The other separated liquid reformed fuel 20 is supplied to the reformed oil tank 14 through the pipe 73 and temporarily stored in the reformed oil tank 14. The liquid reformed fuel 20 pressurized by the installed reformed fuel pump 27 and controlled in flow rate by the reformed oil supply valve 40 is supplied as a liquid fuel to the gas turbine combustor 24 through the pipe 74 and burned.

  The gas turbine device 200 drives the air compressor 22 and supplies compressed gas generated by compressing air sucked from the atmosphere to the gas turbine combustor 24 as combustion air.

  In the gas turbine combustor 24, the reformed gas 19 supplied through the pipe 72 and the liquid reformed fuel 20 supplied through the pipe 72 are mixed and burned together with the compressed air, and generated in the gas turbine combustor 24. The combustion gas thus supplied is supplied to the turbine 23, and the turbine 23 is rotationally driven to rotate a generator (not shown) to generate power.

  Thereafter, the combustion gas that has driven the turbine 23 is discharged from the turbine 23 through the pipe 75, and is discharged from the chimney 65 to the atmosphere as the combustion exhaust gas 25.

  Since the combustion exhaust gas 25 is as high as about 500 ° C., the heating reaction tar tank 13 </ b> A and the heating reaction use are made through a pipe 76 branched from the pipe 75 using a part of the high temperature combustion exhaust gas 25 discharged from the turbine 23 as a heating source. The tar tank 13B is supplied as a heating gas 26.

  The reformed fuel 18 generated from the heavy oil 1 in the fuel reformer 7 is separated and collected at the bottom of the fuel reformer 7, and another part of the tar 17 extracted into the tar tank 8 through the pipe 77 is The tar discharge valve 48A is connected to the heating reaction tar tank 13A through a pipe 78 having a tar discharge valve 48A branched from the pipe 77, and to the heating reaction tar tank 13B through a pipe 79 having the same tar discharge valve 48AB. And tar discharge valve 48B are alternately supplied by switching operation.

  In the reformed fuel-fired gas turbine plant of the present embodiment, as described above, as a plurality of batch-type heating reaction tar tanks on the downstream side of the fuel reformer 7, the heating reaction tar tank 13A and the heating reaction tar tank 13B are used. The structure with is adopted.

  The heating reaction tar tanks 13A and 13B have a double structure of an inner container for storing the tar 17 therein and an outer container for accommodating the inner container inside, and are heated at a high temperature of about 500 ° C. By supplying the working gas 26 to the inside of the outer container through a pipe 76 disposed in the double-structured outer container and heating the outer surface of the inner container, the tar 17 stored in the inner container is coked ( It is indirectly heated to about 400 ° C. to 450 ° C. until immediately before carbonization), and the reformable component contained in the tar 17 is extracted as a high-quality combustible gas 16 by thermal decomposition.

  The combustible gas 16 is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 12 as a part of the reformed gas from the heating reaction tar tanks 13A and 13B through the pipe 81, the pipe 82, and the pipe 71.

  The operation of introducing the tar 17 extracted from the bottom of the fuel reformer 7 into the tar tank 8 to the heating reaction tar tank 13A and the heating reaction tar tank 13B is performed by first opening the tar discharge valve 48A. The tar 17 extracted into 8 is led to one heating reaction tar tank 13 </ b> A through a pipe 78 to accumulate the tar 17.

  The heating reaction tar tank 13A is supplied to the heating reaction tar tank 13A through a pipe 76 as a heating gas 26 branched from a part of the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas 25 discharged from the turbine 23. The internal container installed inside the double-structured external container constituting the tar tank 13A is heated to indirectly heat the tar 17 stored inside the internal container. The heating gas 26 is prevented from directly jetting and heating the tar 17 stored in the tank.

  Then, the heating gas 26 is supplied and heated until just before the tar 17 stored in the heating reaction tar tank 13A is coked (carbonized).

  As a result of the heating by the heating gas 26, the reformable components contained in the tar 17 stored in the heating reaction tar tank 13A are decomposed by, for example, hydrogen (H2) or carbon monoxide (CO ) And the like, and the combustible gas 16 is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 12 through the pipe 81, the pipe 82 and the pipe 71, thereby reforming the gas turbine combustor 24 for fuel. Since it can be used as the gas 19, the fuel can be used effectively.

  Further, the indirect heating method of the tar 17 by the heating gas 26 for heating the container of the heating reaction tar tank 13A is not a direct heating method in which a part of the combustion exhaust gas 25 containing oxygen is injected into the tar 17. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the rapid oxidation reaction of the tar 17.

  And just before the tar 17 stored in the heating reaction tar tank 13A is coked (carbonized) by heating, the tar discharge valve 48A of the pipe 78 is closed, and this carbonized coke is placed at the bottom of the heating reaction tar tank 13A. The valve 97 provided in the pipe 95 arranged in the above is opened and discharged out of the system.

  Simultaneously with or immediately after the discharge of the coke to the outside of the system, the tar discharge valve 48B of the pipe 79 is opened and the tar 17 extracted into the tar tank 8 is passed through the pipe 79 to the other heating reaction tar tank 13B. To collect tar 17.

  As in the case of the heating reaction tar tank 13A described above, the heating reaction tar tank 13B has a heating gas 26 branched from a part of the high-temperature combustion exhaust gas 25 through the pipe 76 to the heating reaction tar tank 13B. The tar 17 stored in the container is heated indirectly by heating the container of the heating reaction tar tank 13B.

  Then, the heating gas 26 is supplied and heated until just before the tar 17 stored in the heating reaction tar tank 13B is coked (carbonized).

  As a result of the heating by the heating gas 26 described above, the reformable components contained in the tar 17 stored in the heating reaction tar tank 13B are subjected to thermal decomposition action, such as hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). Since the combustible gas 16 is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 12 through the pipe 82 and the pipe 71 and used as the reformed gas 19 for the fuel of the gas turbine combustor 24, the fuel is extracted. Can be used effectively.

  An indirect heating method for heating the tar 17 stored in the inner container with the heating gas 26 for heating the outer surface of the inner container of the heating reaction tar tank 13B having a double structure of the outer container and the inner container is as follows. Since this is not a direct heating method in which a part of the combustion exhaust gas 25 containing oxygen is injected into the tar 17, it is possible to suppress the rapid oxidation reaction of the tar 17.

  Accordingly, in the tar tanks 13A and 13B for the heating reaction, not only is a sudden oxidation reaction caused by heating occurring in the tar accommodated, but the tar tank due to a rapid rise in the temperature in the tar tanks 13A and 13B for the heating reaction. Thus, safety problems such as prevention of a decrease in pressure resistance of the metal material forming the gas tank and prevention of damage to the tar tank due to a rapid increase in the combustion gas pressure caused by the rapid oxidation reaction can be solved.

  As described above, the heating reaction tar tank 13A and the heating reaction tar tank 13B are alternately heated in a batch manner to continuously heat until just before the tar 17 is coked to extract the high quality combustible gas 16. It becomes possible to do.

  Here, as a method for determining that the tar 17 is immediately before coking (carbonization) by heating, combustibility extracted by heating from the tar 17 stored in the heating reaction tar tank 13A or the heating reaction tar tank 13B. If the flow rate of the gas 16 is measured and monitored by the gas flow rate detectors 101 and 102 installed in the pipe 81 and the pipe 82, respectively, if the measured flow rate of the combustible gas 16 is greatly reduced from a predetermined value. It can be determined that the tar 17 is immediately before coking (carbonization).

  For example, when the flow rate of the combustible gas 16 supplied from the heating reaction tar tank 13A provided with the pipe 81 is greatly reduced from a predetermined value, the tar 17 is coked in the heating reaction tar tank 13A. You can see that it is in the state just before.

  Therefore, the tar discharge valve 48A of the pipe 78 is opened to supply new tar 17 from the tar tank 8 to the heating reaction tar tank 13A.

  At the same time, the valve 97 of the pipe 95 is opened, and the tar 17 just before coking (carbonization) at the bottom in the heating reaction tar tank 13A is discharged out of the system.

  Next, the tar discharge valve 48B of the pipe 79 is opened, and a new tar 17 is supplied from the tar tank 8 through the pipe 79 to the heating reaction tar tank 13B to be stored, and the heating reaction tar tank 13B is heated. Thus, the combustible gas 16 is extracted.

  Similarly, when the flow rate of the combustible gas 16 supplied from the heating reaction tar tank 13B provided with the pipe 82 is greatly reduced from a predetermined value, the same operation as that of the heating reaction tar tank 13A described above is performed. May be performed for the thermal reaction tar tank 13B.

  In the above-described reformed fuel-fired gas turbine plant of the present embodiment, as a heating method for heating the heavy oil 1 and the water 3 to high temperature and high pressure, the tar 17 of the residual oil taken out from the bottom of the fuel reformer 7 is tar-fired. The heavy oil 1 and the water 3 are heated by supplying to the heavy oil heater 4 and the water heater 2 using the high-temperature gas obtained by burning as fuel at 10 as a heat source.

  However, in place of the tar-fired combustion furnace 10, there is no problem even if a heating method for heating the heavy oil 1 or the water 3 by installing an electric heater in the heavy oil heater 4 or the water heater 2 is employed.

  According to the present invention, a tar tank that contains heavy tar and water under a reaction condition of high temperature and high pressure to effectively use a tar obtained by separating the reformed oil generated from the heavy oil and accommodates the tar. It is possible to realize a reformed fuel-fired gas turbine plant that can extract combustible gas as reformed fuel from tar without adversely affecting the safety of the fuel.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is applicable to a reformed fuel-fired gas turbine plant that uses a reformed fuel produced from a heavy oil by reacting a heavy oil and water under high-temperature and high-pressure reaction conditions.

1 is a schematic system diagram showing the configuration of a reformed fuel-fired gas turbine plant that is one embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

  1: heavy oil, 1a: high temperature high pressure heavy oil, 2: water heater, 3a: high temperature high pressure water, 3: water, 4: heavy oil heater, 5: heavy oil pump, 6: water pump, 7: fuel reformer, 8 : Tar tank, 9: Server tank, 10: Tar burning combustion furnace, 11: Depressurizing orifice, 12: Gas-liquid separator, 13: Tar tank for heating reaction, 13A: Tar tank for heating reaction, 13B: For heating coke Tar tank, 14: reformed oil tank, 16: combustible gas, 17: tar, 18: reformed fuel, 19: reformed gas, 20: liquid reformed fuel, 21: blower, 22: air compressor, 23 : Turbine, 24: combustor, 25: combustion exhaust gas, 26: heating gas, 27: reformed fuel pump, 40: reformed oil supply valve, 41: reformed gas supply valve, 44: tar on-off valve, 45: Heated gas on / off valve, 46: Heavy oil shut-off valve, 48: Ta 48A: Tar discharge valve, 48B: Tar discharge valve, 50: Heavy oil supply valve, 51: High temperature / high pressure water supply adjustment valve, 52: High temperature / high pressure heavy oil supply adjustment valve, 53: Heavy oil supply valve, 55: Heavy oil heating Gas regulating valve, 56: gas regulating valve for water heating, 57: reformer pressure regulating valve, 65: chimney, 71-79: piping, 81-89: piping, 91-92, 95-96: piping, 97 ˜98: valve, 100: reforming device, 101, 102: gas flow rate detector, 111: heavy oil tank, 113: water tank, 200: gas turbine device.

Claims (3)

  A water heater that heats water, a heavy oil heater that heats heavy oil, and high-temperature and high-pressure water and heavy oil are mixed and reacted under high-temperature and high-pressure reaction conditions to thermally decompose and hydrolyze heavy oil. A reformer comprising: a fuel reformer that generates reformed fuel; and a gas-liquid separator that guides the reformed fuel generated by the fuel reformer and separates it into reformed gas and liquid reformed fuel; A gas turbine combustor that generates combustion gas by burning the reformed gas and liquid reformed fuel separated by the gas-liquid separator, a turbine driven by the combustion gas generated by the gas turbine combustor, A gas turbine device provided with a compressor for compressing air, and a plurality of tars separated from the reformed fuel generated from heavy oil by the fuel reformer are supplied and stored from the fuel reformer A tar reaction tank is installed and the tar reaction tank The tar is separated into a double structure composed of an outer container and an inner container accommodated in the outer container, and the separated tar is stored in the inner container, and the combustion gas discharged from the turbine is used as a heating source inside the outer container. A reformed fuel burning characterized by being configured to extract the combustible gas by indirectly heating the tar supplied and stored in the inner container, and to supply the combustible gas to the gas-liquid separator. Gas turbine plant.   2. A reformed-fired gas turbine plant according to claim 1, wherein a tar-fired combustion furnace that uses a part of tar separated by the fuel reformer as fuel is installed, and tar is burned in the tar-fired combustion furnace. A reformed fuel-fired gas turbine plant configured to supply the heated high-temperature gas as a heat source for a water heater and a heat source for a heavy oil heater.   The reformed fuel-fired gas turbine plant according to claim 1, wherein the tar separated from the fuel reformer is supplied to and stored in one of the plurality of heating reaction tar tanks. The operation for supplying the combustion gas discharged from the turbine to the other heating reaction tar tank as a heating source and extracting the combustible gas from the tar stored in the inner container is performed alternately. Reformed fuel-fired gas turbine plant.

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