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JP4701386B2 - High hardness material - Google Patents
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JP4701386B2 - High hardness material - Google Patents

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JP4701386B2
JP4701386B2 JP2005088457A JP2005088457A JP4701386B2 JP 4701386 B2 JP4701386 B2 JP 4701386B2 JP 2005088457 A JP2005088457 A JP 2005088457A JP 2005088457 A JP2005088457 A JP 2005088457A JP 4701386 B2 JP4701386 B2 JP 4701386B2
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hardness material
hard coating
hard
hardness
film
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JP2006265679A (en
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常生 鈴木
久幸 末松
浄 八井
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Nagaoka University of Technology NUC
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Description

本発明は、切削工具や金型、摺動部材等として好適に用いられる、基材表面に、マグネシウムを含有するCrN型の窒化クロムからなる岩塩型結晶構造を有する硬質被膜を形成した高硬度材料に関する。   The present invention is a high-hardness material in which a hard coating having a rock salt type crystal structure made of CrN-type chromium nitride containing magnesium is formed on the surface of a base material, which is suitably used as a cutting tool, a die, a sliding member, etc. About.

従来、切削工具や金型、或いは摺動部材へのコーティングに用いられる硬質被膜としては、窒化チタンや窒化クロムを主成分とする遷移金属窒化物が知られている。
窒化クロムはビッカース硬さが2000程度であり、例えば窒化クロム被膜でコーティングした切削工具では、切削時に発生する熱によって工具が変質するのを防止するために、潤滑油を用いた湿式切削が主に採用されている。しかしながら、このような湿式切削では、被切削物に付着した潤滑油を洗浄して除去する工程が必要となり、生産コストを高くするとともに、環境への影響が懸念されるといった問題点がある。
Conventionally, transition metal nitrides mainly composed of titanium nitride or chromium nitride are known as hard coatings used for coating cutting tools, dies, or sliding members.
Chromium nitride has a Vickers hardness of about 2000. For example, in a cutting tool coated with a chromium nitride film, wet cutting using lubricating oil is mainly used to prevent the tool from being altered by heat generated during cutting. It has been adopted. However, in such wet cutting, there is a problem that a process for cleaning and removing the lubricating oil adhering to the workpiece is required, which raises the production cost and raises concern about the influence on the environment.

窒化クロム被膜の膜特性を改善するために各種の金属やその他の元素を窒化クロム中に導入した被覆材料も種々提案されているが(例えば、特許文献1〜3参照)、潤滑油を使用しない乾式切削において、高速切削時の高温によっても硬度が低下せず、耐酸化性に優れた被覆材料は未だ実現していない。
特許第2757974号公報 特許第2977066号公報 特開2001−335878号公報
Various coating materials in which various metals and other elements are introduced into chromium nitride in order to improve the film characteristics of the chromium nitride coating have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3), but no lubricating oil is used. In dry cutting, the hardness does not decrease even at high temperatures during high-speed cutting, and a coating material excellent in oxidation resistance has not yet been realized.
Japanese Patent No. 2757974 Japanese Patent No. 2977066 JP 2001-335878 A

したがって、本発明は上記従来技術の問題点を解消して、高速での乾式切削にも耐え得る、高硬度で耐酸化性等に優れた硬質被膜を基材表面に形成した、切削工具や金型、摺動部材等として好適に用いられる、高硬度材料を提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, the present invention eliminates the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and forms a hard coating with high hardness and excellent oxidation resistance, which can withstand high speed dry cutting, on a surface of the base material. An object of the present invention is to provide a high-hardness material that is suitably used as a mold, a sliding member, or the like.

本発明者等は鋭意検討した結果、基材表面にマグネシウム及び酸素を含有する窒化クロムからなる岩塩型結晶構造を有する硬質被膜を形成することにより上記課題が解決されることを発見し、本発明を完成したものである。
すなわち、本発明では次の1〜6の構成を採用する。
1.基材表面に、マグネシウム及び酸素を含有するCrN型の窒化クロムからなる岩塩型結晶構造を有しビッカース硬さが3000〜3900の硬質被膜を形成した高硬度材料において、前記硬質被膜中のマグネシウムの含有量が、硬質被膜を形成する金属元素を基準として30〜50原子%で、マグネシウム原子対酸素原子の比が1:0.3〜1:0.8であることを特徴とする高硬度材料。
2.前記硬質被膜の格子定数が0.410〜0.420nmであることを特徴とする1に記載の高硬度材料。
3.前記硬質被膜がX線回折図形において、格子定数が0.410〜0.420nmの岩塩型構造であることを示す結晶相が含まれていることを特徴とする1又は2に記載の高硬度材料。
4.前記硬質被膜の膜厚が0.1〜50μmであることを特徴とする1〜3のいずれかに記載の高硬度材料。
5.基材が金属、ガラス、セラミックス、プラスチックから選択されたものであることを特徴とする1〜4のいずれかに記載の高硬度材料。
6.前記硬質被膜がパルスレーザー堆積法によって形成したものであることを特徴とする1〜5のいずれかに記載の高硬度材料。
As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that the above problem can be solved by forming a hard film having a rock salt type crystal structure made of chromium nitride containing magnesium and oxygen on the surface of the base material. Is completed.
That is, in the present invention, the following configurations 1 to 6 are adopted.
1. The substrate surface, the high hardness material Vickers hardness has a rock-salt crystal structure consisting of chromium nitride CrN type containing magnesium and oxygen to form a hard coating of 3000-3900, the magnesium of the hard in the film A high-hardness material having a content of 30 to 50 atomic% based on the metal element forming the hard coating and a ratio of magnesium atom to oxygen atom of 1: 0.3 to 1: 0.8 .
2. 2. The high hardness material according to 1, wherein the hard coating has a lattice constant of 0.410 to 0.420 nm .
3. The high-hardness material according to 1 or 2, wherein the hard coating contains a crystal phase indicating a rock salt structure having a lattice constant of 0.410 to 0.420 nm in an X-ray diffraction pattern .
4). The high hardness material according to any one of 1 to 3, wherein the hard coating has a thickness of 0.1 to 50 µm .
5. The high-hardness material according to any one of 1 to 4, wherein the substrate is selected from metal, glass, ceramics, and plastic .
6). The high-hardness material according to any one of 1 to 5, wherein the hard coating is formed by a pulse laser deposition method .

本発明によれば、高速での乾式切削にも耐え得る、ビッカース硬さが3000〜3900という、高硬度で耐酸化性等に優れた硬質被膜を基材表面に形成した、高硬度材料を得ることができる。本発明の高硬度材料は、切削工具や金型、摺動部材等として幅広い分野に利用できるものであり、実用的価値は極めて高いものである。 According to the present invention, a high-hardness material that can withstand dry cutting at a high speed and has a Vickers hardness of 3000 to 3900 , on which a hard coating with high hardness and excellent oxidation resistance is formed, is obtained. be able to. The high hardness material of the present invention can be used in a wide range of fields as a cutting tool, a mold, a sliding member, and the like, and has a very high practical value.

つぎに、本発明の実施の形態について図面に基づいて説明する。
図1は、本発明の硬質材料の製造に使用される装置の1例を示す模式図である。この装置1は、レーザー発生装置2、発生されたレーザーを集光するレンズ3及びウィンドウ4を備えた円筒形のチャンバー5、該チャンバー5を減圧にするポンプ6、及び該チャンバー5に置換ガスを供給する置換ガス供給源7により構成される。
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of an apparatus used for manufacturing a hard material of the present invention. This apparatus 1 includes a laser generator 2, a cylindrical chamber 5 having a lens 3 and a window 4 for condensing the generated laser, a pump 6 for depressurizing the chamber 5, and a replacement gas in the chamber 5. A replacement gas supply source 7 is provided.

この装置1を使用して本発明の硬質材料を製造する手順としては、はじめに、チャンバー5内に、基材8及び基材表面に硬質被膜を形成する材料となるターゲット9を対向させて配置する。つぎに、チャンバー5内をポンプ6により減圧にし、置換ガス供給源7からアンモニアガスを供給してチャンバー5内を置換する。つぎに、レーザー発生源2から発生させたレーザーをレンズ3で集光し、ウインドウ4を通じてターゲット9に照射し、基材8上に薄膜を堆積させて、硬質材料を形成する。   As a procedure for manufacturing the hard material of the present invention using this apparatus 1, first, in the chamber 5, a base material 8 and a target 9 which is a material for forming a hard film on the surface of the base material are arranged facing each other. . Next, the inside of the chamber 5 is depressurized by the pump 6, and ammonia gas is supplied from the replacement gas supply source 7 to replace the inside of the chamber 5. Next, the laser generated from the laser generation source 2 is condensed by the lens 3 and irradiated onto the target 9 through the window 4 to deposit a thin film on the substrate 8 to form a hard material.

本発明の硬質材料を形成する基材としては、鋼、鋳鉄、ステンレス鋼、シリコン、チタン或いはチタン合金等の金属材料や、ガラス、セラミック、プラスチック等の材料を、硬質材料の用途に応じて使用することができる。切削工具や摺動部材のように、強度及び耐久性を必要とする場合には、通常は金属材料が使用される。
基材8は、チャンバー5内に設けたヒーター(図示せず)により、基材の種類に応じた温度、例えば金属材料では100〜700℃程度、に加熱される。
As the base material for forming the hard material of the present invention, a metal material such as steel, cast iron, stainless steel, silicon, titanium or titanium alloy, or a material such as glass, ceramic or plastic is used according to the use of the hard material. can do. When strength and durability are required like a cutting tool or a sliding member, a metal material is usually used.
The base material 8 is heated by a heater (not shown) provided in the chamber 5 to a temperature corresponding to the type of the base material, for example, about 100 to 700 ° C. for a metal material.

基材表面に堆積させる硬質被膜の原料となるターゲットとしては、例えば、a)Cr源としては、Cr、CrN等、b)Mg源としては、Mg、Mg、MgO等を使用することができ、これらは適宜組み合わせて使用される。このターゲットは円盤状に形成し、回転させながらレーザーを照射する。そして、ターゲット中のCr源とMg源の面積比を変化させることによって、硬質被膜中に導入するMgの量を調整することができる。
硬質被膜中のMgの含有量は、被膜を形成する金属元素を基準として30〜50原子%とすることが好ましい。Mgの含有量を上記範囲とすることによって、高硬度で耐酸化性等に優れた被膜を得ることができ、このような被膜は化学的安定性が高いために、被切削物との反応を低減することができる。
As a target to be a raw material for a hard coating deposited on the surface of the substrate, for example, a) Cr, Cr, Cr 2 N, etc., b) Mg source, Mg, Mg 3 N 2 , MgO, etc. are used. These can be used in appropriate combination. This target is formed in a disk shape and irradiated with a laser while being rotated. And the quantity of Mg introduce | transduced in a hard film can be adjusted by changing the area ratio of Cr source and Mg source in a target.
The Mg content in the hard coating is preferably 30 to 50 atomic% based on the metal element forming the coating . By setting the Mg content in the above range, a film having high hardness and excellent oxidation resistance can be obtained. Since such a film has high chemical stability, it reacts with the workpiece. Can be reduced.

本発明の高硬質材料の硬質被膜中には、さらに酸素を含有させることが好ましい。硬質被膜中の酸素の含有量は、Mg原子:O原子が1:0〜1:1、特に1:0.3〜1:0.8とすることが好ましい。硬質被膜中に酸素を含有させることによって、被膜の硬度を一段と改善することができる。
硬質被膜中に酸素を含有させるには、例えば、チャンバー5内の酸素の分圧が0.0001〜0.1、好ましくは0.001〜0.01Torrとなるように減圧度を調整することによって、行うことができる。
It is preferable that oxygen is further contained in the hard film of the highly rigid material of the present invention. The content of oxygen in the hard coating is preferably Mg atoms: O atoms of 1: 0 to 1: 1, particularly 1: 0.3 to 1: 0.8. By including oxygen in the hard coating, the hardness of the coating can be further improved.
In order to contain oxygen in the hard coating, for example, by adjusting the degree of pressure reduction so that the partial pressure of oxygen in the chamber 5 is 0.0001 to 0.1, preferably 0.001 to 0.01 Torr. ,It can be carried out.

本発明によれば、格子定数が0.410〜0.420nmである岩塩型結晶構造を有する硬質被膜を得ることができる。岩塩型結晶構造の存在は、X線回折図形において岩塩型構造に起因する(111)、(200)、(220)、(311)、(222)、(400)、(331)、又は(420)のピークにより確認することができる。硬質被膜は、X線回折図形において、全回折ピークの積分強度和の90%以上が、岩塩型構造に起因する回折ピークであるものとすることが好ましい。   According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a hard film having a rock salt type crystal structure having a lattice constant of 0.410 to 0.420 nm. The presence of the rock salt type crystal structure is due to the rock salt type structure in the X-ray diffraction pattern (111), (200), (220), (311), (222), (400), (331), or (420 ) Peak. In the X-ray diffraction pattern, the hard coating preferably has 90% or more of the integrated intensity sum of all diffraction peaks as the diffraction peak due to the rock salt type structure.

本発明の高硬度材料において、基材表面に形成する硬質被膜の膜厚は、用途に応じて適宜選択することができるが、通常は、0.01〜500μm程度、好ましくは0.1〜100μm程度、さらに好ましくは0.1〜50μm程度とすることができる。   In the high hardness material of the present invention, the thickness of the hard coating formed on the substrate surface can be appropriately selected according to the use, but is usually about 0.01 to 500 μm, preferably 0.1 to 100 μm. The thickness may be about 0.1 to 50 μm, more preferably about 0.1 to 50 μm.

本発明の硬質材料の製造に使用するレーザーの種類としては特に制限はなく、XeClレーザー、KrFレーザー、ArFレーザー、COレーザー、YAGレーザー等の、レーザーアブレーションに使用されるレーザーはいずれも使用することができる。好ましいレーザーとしては、例えばネオジウムヤグ(Nd:YAG)レーザーの3倍波(355nm)が挙げられる。
レーザーの照射条件は、基板やターゲットの種類、硬質被膜の膜厚や用途等に応じて適宜選択することができるが、通常はパルス幅:1〜10ns、周波数:1〜300Hz、エネルギー密度:0.1〜30J/cm、照射回数:6,000〜180,000回程度とすることが好ましい。
The type of laser used for the production of the hard material of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any laser used for laser ablation such as XeCl laser, KrF laser, ArF laser, CO 2 laser, YAG laser, etc. is used. be able to. As a preferable laser, for example, a triple wave (355 nm) of a neodymium yag (Nd: YAG) laser can be cited.
The laser irradiation conditions can be appropriately selected according to the type of the substrate and target, the film thickness of the hard coating, the use, and the like. Usually, the pulse width is 1 to 10 ns, the frequency is 1 to 300 Hz, and the energy density is 0. .1 to 30 J / cm 2 , number of irradiations: preferably about 6,000 to 180,000 times.

つぎに、本発明を実施例によりさらに説明するが、以下の具体例は本発明を限定するものではない。
(実施例1)
図1の装置1内に、CrNとMgからなる直径5cm、厚さ5mmの円盤状のターゲット9と、縦3cm、横3cm、厚さ0.5mmのSi(100)基材8を10mmの間隔で対向配置した。ポンプ6でチャンバー5を3×10−6Torr以下の減圧とし、置換ガス供給源7からアンモニアガスを供給して、チャンバー5内を置換した。
基材8をヒーターで400℃に加熱し、レーザー発生装置2で発生させたNd:YAGレーザーの3倍波(355nm)をレンズ3で集光し、ウィンドウ4を通じて回転するターゲット9に照射することにより、基材8上にMg及び0を含有する、膜厚1μmの窒化クロム被膜を堆積させた。レーザーは、繰り返し周波数10Hz、パルス幅7nsで1時間照射した(照射回数36,000回)。
ターゲット9におけるMgの面積比を0〜50%と変化させて成膜を行ない、得られた被膜はエネルギー分散型X線分析(EDS)により組成分析を行った。また、被膜の硬度はビッカース硬さ試験機により測定し、被膜の格子定数は、銅のKαX線(波長0.154nm)を使用した管電圧50kv・管電流300mAのX線回折装置により、θ/2θ法で測定した。
EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be further described with reference to examples, but the following specific examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
In the apparatus 1 of FIG. 1, a disc-shaped target 9 made of Cr 2 N and Mg having a diameter of 5 cm and a thickness of 5 mm and a Si (100) substrate 8 having a length of 3 cm, a width of 3 cm, and a thickness of 0.5 mm are 10 mm. Were arranged opposite each other. The pressure of the chamber 5 was reduced to 3 × 10 −6 Torr or less with the pump 6, and ammonia gas was supplied from the replacement gas supply source 7 to replace the inside of the chamber 5.
The substrate 8 is heated to 400 ° C. with a heater, and the third harmonic (355 nm) of the Nd: YAG laser generated by the laser generator 2 is condensed by the lens 3 and irradiated to the rotating target 9 through the window 4. Thus, a chromium nitride film having a thickness of 1 μm and containing Mg and 0 was deposited on the substrate 8. The laser was irradiated for 1 hour at a repetition frequency of 10 Hz and a pulse width of 7 ns (number of irradiations: 36,000).
Film formation was performed by changing the area ratio of Mg in the target 9 to 0 to 50%, and the obtained coating film was subjected to composition analysis by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). The hardness of the film was measured with a Vickers hardness tester, and the lattice constant of the film was measured with an X-ray diffractometer using a copper KαX ray (wavelength 0.154 nm) with a tube voltage of 50 kv and a tube current of 300 mA. It was measured by the 2θ method.

ターゲットにおけるCrN:Mgの面積比を75:25として得られた、Cr:Mgの原子比が67:33である被膜のX線回折図形を図2に示す。図2には、被膜材料の主相が岩塩型であることを示す、(111)、(200)、(220)、(311)、(222)、(400)、(331)、(420)の各ピークが見られる。
また、被膜を構成する金属元素中のMg含有量と、被膜のビッカース硬さとの関係を図3に示す。被膜中のMgの含有量の増加に伴って、ビッカース硬さは2300〜3700と向上することが判明した。
FIG. 2 shows an X-ray diffraction pattern of a coating obtained by setting the area ratio of Cr 2 N: Mg in the target to 75:25 and the atomic ratio of Cr: Mg to 67:33. FIG. 2 shows (111), (200), (220), (311), (222), (400), (331), (420) indicating that the main phase of the coating material is a rock salt type. Each peak is seen.
Moreover, the relationship between Mg content in the metal element which comprises a film, and the Vickers hardness of a film is shown in FIG. It was found that the Vickers hardness was improved to 2300-3700 as the Mg content in the coating increased.

本発明の高硬度材料の製造に使用される装置の1例を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows one example of the apparatus used for manufacture of the high-hardness material of this invention. 本発明の実施例において得られた高硬度材料の被膜のX線回折図形である。It is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the coating film of the high hardness material obtained in the Example of this invention. 本発明の高硬度材料の被膜中のMgの含有量と被膜の硬度との関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between content of Mg in the film of the high-hardness material of this invention, and the hardness of a film.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 製造装置
2 レーザー発生装置
3 レンズ
4 ウインドウ
5 チャンバー
6 ポンプ
7 置換ガス供給源
8 基材
9 ターゲット
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Manufacturing apparatus 2 Laser generator 3 Lens 4 Window 5 Chamber 6 Pump 7 Replacement gas supply source 8 Base material 9 Target

Claims (6)

基材表面に、マグネシウム及び酸素を含有するCrN型の窒化クロムからなる岩塩型結晶構造を有しビッカース硬さが3000〜3900の硬質被膜を形成した高硬度材料において、前記硬質被膜中のマグネシウムの含有量が、硬質被膜を形成する金属元素を基準として30〜50原子%で、マグネシウム原子対酸素原子の比が1:0.3〜1:0.8であることを特徴とする高硬度材料。 The substrate surface, the high hardness material Vickers hardness has a rock-salt crystal structure consisting of chromium nitride CrN type containing magnesium and oxygen to form a hard coating of 3000-3900, the magnesium of the hard in the film A high-hardness material having a content of 30 to 50 atomic% based on the metal element forming the hard coating and a ratio of magnesium atom to oxygen atom of 1: 0.3 to 1: 0.8 . 前記硬質被膜の格子定数が0.410〜0.420nmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の高硬度材料。 The high-hardness material according to claim 1, wherein a lattice constant of the hard coating is 0.410 to 0.420 nm . 前記硬質被膜がX線回折図形において、格子定数が0.410〜0.420nmの岩塩型構造であることを示す結晶相が含まれていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の高硬度材料。 3. The high phase according to claim 1, wherein the hard coating contains a crystal phase indicating a rock salt type structure having a lattice constant of 0.410 to 0.420 nm in an X-ray diffraction pattern. Hardness material. 前記硬質被膜の膜厚が0.1〜50μmであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の高硬度材料。 The high-hardness material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hard coating has a thickness of 0.1 to 50 µm . 基材が金属、ガラス、セラミックス、プラスチックから選択されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の高硬度材料。 The high-hardness material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the substrate is selected from metal, glass, ceramics, and plastic . 前記硬質被膜がパルスレーザー堆積法によって形成したものであることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の高硬度材料。 The high-hardness material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hard film is formed by a pulse laser deposition method .
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