JP4784079B2 - Watering structure and watering method using the watering structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a watering structure that sprays water on an exterior of a structure and a watering method using the watering structure.

In recent years, urban warming has been achieved by applying a hydrophilic film to the exterior material, spraying water onto the structure where the exterior material with the hydrophilic film is installed, and washing the exterior material, and the evaporation effect of water on the exterior material surface. Proposals for measures and energy saving have been made.
As one of such proposals, Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003-525744) discloses a substrate having a photocatalyst and / or a hydrophilic coating on at least a part of the surface, and this coated There is a substrate having a photocatalyst and / or a hydrophilic coating on at least a part of the surface, characterized in combination with a device for distributing water on the surface.
This proposal aims to reduce the frequency of cleaning required to keep the exterior material clean compared to untreated exterior materials or exterior materials that do not involve the distribution of water. It is expected to increase the durability by opening, reducing the amount of detergent used, and reducing the mechanical burden on the coating.

As another proposal, in Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-201727), a hydrophilic layer capable of holding a water film is formed in a predetermined region of a structure wall surface or a roof surface. A cooling method for an urban space has been proposed, characterized in that water is supplied to the layer formation region of the water and the surrounding air and structures are cooled by latent heat accompanying evaporation.
The water supply header portion is exemplified by a fixed watering nozzle.
In this proposal, due to the superhydrophilicity due to the photocatalytic effect, the water film can be formed very thin, and the evaporation efficiency is good and the amount of water supply is very small compared to the conventional method of watering the structure. There is going to be.

Further, Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-350026) has been proposed by the same inventor as Patent Document 2 as a technique for developing and improving Patent Document 2. In this patent document 3, in order to form a uniform water film by the water supplied from the water inlet to the surface of the exterior material, it is proposed that the interval in the longitudinal direction of the water outlet is 5 cm or less. Has been. It has also been proposed to set the distance to the exterior material to 3 cm or less in order to prevent the water discharged from the water conduit from becoming mist on the exterior material surface.
Further, in Patent Document 3, the amount of water spray is set to 100 to 300 ml / min per 1 m width, and if it is less than 100 ml / min, the hydrophilic exterior material surface cannot be uniformly wetted.
Special table 2003-525744 gazette JP 2002-201727 A JP 2002-350026 JP

In order to sprinkle water on the surface of the exterior material to obtain a cleaning or heat dissipation effect, it is assumed that a uniform water film is formed by the water sprayed on the surface of the exterior material.
And it is calculated | required to reduce the amount of water spraying, satisfy | filling the premise that a water film is formed.

In this regard, in Patent Document 3, as a device for satisfying the precondition of forming a water film on the surface of the exterior material, the distance between the longitudinal direction of the water outlet is 5 cm or less, and the distance between the water outlet and the exterior material is It is supposed to be 3 cm or less.
In the above proposal, the amount of water sprayed is 100 to 300 ml / min per 1 m width, and if it is less than 100 ml / min, the hydrophilic exterior material surface cannot be uniformly wetted.

By the way, it has been clarified by experiments of the inventor that the amount of water spray varies depending on the purpose.For example, when the dust adhering to the surface flows down and is washed, the amount of water spray and the dust necessary for water film formation are reduced. Since water pressure is required to flow down, the amount of water spray is relatively large.
On the other hand, when the purpose is to dissipate heat due to the evaporation effect, only the amount of water spray necessary for the formation of the water film needs to be taken into account. The amount of evaporated water may be considered to be about 1 kg / m ² h or less at the maximum, and it is understood that the amount of water sprayed as exemplified in Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-350026) is much larger than this. .
In other words, it is presumed that the watering method disclosed in Patent Document 3 cannot form a uniform water film unless the watering amount is more than the original purpose.

When actual running costs are examined, water charges are expensive in Japan. Therefore, when watering is performed for the purpose of reducing the cooling load, when water is sprayed with the watering amount shown in Patent Document 3, the cost is low. It is disadvantageous.
For this reason, the collection of water sprays and the use of rainwater are also being studied, but there is a problem that construction costs increase because facilities for storing and treating them are required. Needless to say, when the amount of sprinkling is larger than the amount of evaporated water, the size of the facility is increased, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost.

  The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and it is intended to obtain a watering structure capable of forming a water film on the surface of an exterior material by reducing the amount of watering and a watering method using the watering structure. It is aimed.

The most important condition for forming a uniform water film on the surface of the exterior material is uniform water spraying. In order to perform this uniform water spraying, it is important that a water film is already formed in the water supply section.
This is because, when the water supply is streaked in the water supply section, a certain degree of width expansion is recognized even when the exterior material surface has hydrophilicity, but it does not expand beyond a certain width. For this reason, when the amount of watering is small, the entire surface cannot be covered.
Incidentally, water spraying was performed at a rate of less than 100 ml / min per 1 m width by the method disclosed in Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-350026). However, uniform water film formation was impossible with this amount.
The present invention has been completed by finding the importance of already forming a water film in the water supply section in order to form a uniform water film, and intensively researching how to achieve this.

(1) A watering structure according to the present invention is a watering structure comprising an exterior material installed in a building, and a water distribution pipe disposed in a horizontal direction at a predetermined interval from the exterior material. The water pipe is provided with at least one row of water spouts for discharging water toward the exterior material at a predetermined interval in the pipe axis direction.
The direction of the water spout is upward from the front facing the exterior material, and the water discharged from the water spout and collided with the exterior material goes above the position where it reaches the exterior material. As well as
A resistance means comprising a continuously extending ridge, a ridge or a L-shaped ridge in a horizontal direction that lowers the water flow speed and extends a water film in the horizontal direction below the water receiving portion in the exterior material. It is characterized by being provided .

(2) Moreover, the thing as described in said (1) WHEREIN: The hydrophilic layer is formed in the exterior material surface, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

The inventor also examined the amount of sprinkling necessary to form and maintain a water film. In order to form a water film on the surface of the exterior material having a hydrophilic layer (contact angle of 10 ° or less) made of titanium oxide and a silica compound on the surface, a small amount of water was sprayed from the start of watering, but it was difficult to form a uniform water film. there were.
Thus, it was found that a uniform water film cannot be formed with a small amount of water at the start of watering. On the other hand, it was also found that once the water film is formed, the water film is maintained if the water amount is more than a certain level even if the water amount is reduced. From this, it was considered that the hydrophilic layer has water film persistence after the water film is formed.
Therefore, after forming a water film by spraying 200 ml / min per 1 m width, the amount of water was narrowed down to investigate how far the water film could be maintained. As a result, it was possible to maintain a uniform water film even with an amount of water of 50 ml / min or less per 1 m width. When narrowed down further, it was confirmed that the water film was cut off from the lower part of the exterior material surface in opposition to the amount of evaporated water. From this, it was found that the water film once formed can be maintained even if the amount of water is narrowed down to the extent of antagonizing the amount of evaporated water as long as continuity is achieved in the water supply portion.

(3) The watering method according to the present invention is based on the above knowledge, and is a watering method using the watering structure according to either (1) or (2) above, A first watering step for sprinkling water to form water, and a second watering step for sprinkling with water of 1/5 or less of the watering amount of the first watering step after the first watering step. To do.

By the water film formation method shown in (3) above, it becomes possible to narrow the amount of water sprayed toward the heat radiating building material using latent heat of vaporization. However, when the amount of water to be narrowed down is an amount necessary for maintaining the water film, the surface can be maintained in a wet state, but it is difficult to maintain the water flow.
For this reason, dust flying in the air tends to adhere to the surface, and since there is almost no water flow, the attached dust cannot be washed.
Accordingly, the inventors are able to narrow the amount of water, and examined the problem of how to that Bekika to keep the outer package surface clean.
Then, paying attention to the different water spray amount required for different purposes of forming the water film, maintaining the water film, and cleaning the exterior material surface while maintaining the water film, The knowledge that the said subject can be solved by repeating supply of the amount of water was acquired.

(4) The present invention is based on such knowledge, and is a watering method using the watering structure described in either (1) or (2) above, and is an initial watering for watering to form a water film. A small amount of water sprinkling with 1/5 or less of the amount of water sprayed in the initial watering step after the initial watering step, and a large amount of water spraying more than the amount of water sprayed in the small amount watering step after the small amount watering step It is characterized by comprising a watering step, and a repeated watering step in which the large amount watering step and the small amount watering step are alternately repeated.

In the present invention, the direction of the water sprinkling port of the water distribution pipe is upward from the front facing the exterior material, and the water discharged from the water spray port and colliding with the exterior material is more than the position reaching the exterior material. Convex ridges, concave ridges or L-shaped cross sections that are set to go upward, reduce the water flow velocity below the water receiving portion in the exterior material, and expand the water film in the horizontal direction. Since the resistance means consisting of the ridges is provided, the water discharged from the water spout and colliding with the exterior material goes above the position where it reaches the exterior material, and the water that has flowed upward flows down and is scattered. It spreads by hitting the water discharged from the water mouth, the flow speed is reduced by the resistance means, and spreads in the width direction to form a water film, so that a reliable water film can be formed.

[Embodiment 1]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a watering structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
The watering structure according to the present embodiment is a watering structure provided with an exterior material 1 installed on an outer wall of a building, and a water distribution pipe 3 disposed in a horizontal direction at a predetermined interval from the exterior material 1. The water distribution pipe 3 is provided with at least one row of water spouts 5 for discharging water toward the outer packaging material 1 at a predetermined interval in the pipe axis direction. Is also set upwards.
The water distribution pipe is attached to the exterior material 1 by a fixture 7.

FIG. 3 is an explanation for explaining the operation of the present embodiment. The operation of the present embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS.
In the watering structure according to the present embodiment configured as described above, water is supplied from the water spout 5 to the exterior material 1. At this time, the water discharge direction from the water spout 5 is set upward with respect to the surface of the exterior material 1, so that the discharged water 9 reaches the surface of the exterior material (this portion is reached). 11), there is water 13 that goes above the arrival point 11.
The water 13 that has flowed upward flows down and collides with the supply water 9 at the arrival point 11, whereby the flowing water spreads in the direction of the exterior material surface, and the point-like contact portion at the arrival point 11 of the supply water 9. By forming a surface with a certain width, water film formation is facilitated.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, since the water discharge direction from the water spout 5 is set upward with respect to the surface of the exterior material 1, a water film is already formed in the water supply section. A uniform water film can be formed on the surface of the exterior material 1.

  In addition, the watering structure of the present embodiment is particularly effective for an inclined surface such as a roof. If the watering amount is the same, the spout interval can be expanded. Can be reduced.

  Although the hydrophilic layer is not provided on the surface of the exterior material 1 in the above embodiment, the effect of forming a water film is remarkably enhanced by providing the hydrophilic layer on the surface of the exterior material. The hydrophilic layer may be coated on the exterior material with a photocatalyst such as titanium oxide or a silica compound, or the exterior material surface may be a porous layer.

[Embodiment 2]
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
As in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the watering structure according to the present embodiment is a watering provided with a water distribution pipe disposed in the horizontal direction of the outer packaging material 1 at a predetermined distance from the outer packaging material 1. It is a structure, and the direction of the water sprinkling port of the water distribution pipe is set to face up or upward from the face to the exterior material, a hydrophilic layer is formed on the exterior material surface, and the water receiving portion in the exterior material The convex part 15 as a resistance means which reduces a water flow speed is provided below.

According to the present embodiment, by providing the convex portion 15 that lowers the water flow speed below the water receiving portion 14,
The water supplied from the water distribution pipe and hitting the exterior material flows down, and the flow rate is reduced by the convex portion 15 provided near the lower portion of the water receiving portion 14 and spreads in the width direction to form a water film. After that, it flows downward while maintaining the water film.
Thus, according to the present embodiment, a reliable water film can be formed even when a uniform water film cannot be formed in the water receiving portion 14 discharged from the water distribution pipe. In addition, when the convex part 15 has hydrophilicity, the effect of this water film formation increases more.

In the above example, the case where the hydrophilic layer is formed on the surface of the exterior material has been described. However, even if the hydrophilic layer is not formed on the surface of the exterior material, the configuration of the present embodiment is employed. Thus, there is a certain effect of facilitating the formation of a water film on the exterior material surface.
Moreover, in said example, although the example which provided the convex part 15 under the water-receiving part 14 was shown, this invention is not restricted to this, The speed | rate of the water which flows from the distribution pipe and flows down is shown. Any means may be used as long as it is a resistance to lower, and it may be a concave portion or a convex portion having an L-shaped cross section.
Moreover, although the rising dimension or depth dimension of the unevenness is generally set to about 5 mm to 10 mm, it is not particularly limited to this, and may be appropriately determined from the relationship between the water spray amount and the flow velocity.
Further, the concavo-convex portion serving as the resistance means may be formed by molding the exterior material shape itself, or may be attached to the surface of the exterior material as a retrofitting member.

As another example of the resistance means, a member having water permeability and water retention may be attached to the surface of the exterior material below the water receiving portion 14. In this case, the water supplied from the water distribution pipe is held to a certain amount at the part where the member having water permeability and water holding property is pasted, and has the effect of spreading over the whole part, so that a water film can be easily formed. To.
In addition, the member having such water permeability and water retention may be attached to the water distribution pipe portion and extended to the surface of the exterior material in addition to being attached to the surface of the exterior material. Further, it may be installed with a slight gap. Furthermore, a recess may be provided in the exterior material and fitted into the recess.

[Embodiment 3]
The present embodiment is a watering structure in which a hydrophilic layer is formed on the surface of a roof and a rising portion is formed in the width direction at the top of the roof, and a water distribution pipe is disposed at a predetermined distance from the rising portion. The water is discharged from the water pipe toward the rising part.

In the present embodiment configured as described above, the flow velocity of the water flow can be reduced at the connecting portion between the rising portion and the roof surface, and a uniform water film can be formed from the top of the roof.
In addition, what is necessary is just to set the dimension of a rising part to arbitrary dimensions.
As in the first embodiment, it is preferable that the water discharged from the water distribution pipe with respect to the rising portion is directed upward with respect to the rising portion with respect to the rising portion. However, the size of the rising portion can be increased. Even if the water discharge from the water distribution pipe cannot be performed upward from the front facing the rising portion, it is possible to obtain a certain effect of facilitating water film formation by discharging water to the rising portion.
In the above example, the case where the hydrophilic layer is formed on the surface of the roof has been described, but the configuration of the present embodiment is adopted even when the hydrophilic layer is not formed on the surface of the roof. Thus, there is a certain effect of facilitating formation of a water film on the surface of the roof.

[Embodiment 4]
The watering method which concerns on this Embodiment is a watering method using the watering structure described in the said Embodiment 1-3, Comprising: After the initial watering process which sprinkles in order to form a water film, and this initial watering process A small amount watering step for sprinkling with an amount of water of 1/5 or less of the initial watering amount, a large amount watering step for spraying a larger amount of water than the small amount watering step after the small amount watering step, and the large amount watering step And a repeated watering step that alternately repeats the small amount watering step.

The amount of water spray required for each of the above steps varies depending on the scale of the building (flow length). However, the amount of water required to form a uniform water film in the initial state on the surface of the exterior material having a hydrophilic layer (contact angle of 10 ° or less) made of titanium oxide and silica compound on the surface (water amount in the initial watering step) It has been confirmed that a water spray of 200 ml / min per meter is sufficient.
Moreover, after forming a water film once on the surface of the same exterior material, it was confirmed that 50 ml / min per 1 m width was sufficient as the amount of water necessary for maintaining the water film (the amount of water in a small amount watering step).
Furthermore, it was confirmed that the amount of water necessary for cleaning the dust adhering to the surface of the exterior material (the amount of water in the large-scale water spraying step) should be about 200 ml / min.
In addition, since the washing | cleaning of the dust adhering to the surface of an exterior material is required also in the lowermost part of an exterior material, it is desirable to determine the required watering amount in the lowermost part of an exterior material. Therefore, the amount of water spray is determined in consideration of the amount of water that forms the water film evaporates while flowing from the uppermost part of the exterior material to the lowermost part.

In the above example, the necessary amount of water has been illustrated, but this amount of water varies depending on the shape of the outer wall, the inclination angle and the scale, and a gentler inclination angle requires a larger amount of water during cleaning.
Moreover, although the amount of water spray required for water film maintenance also changes with the shape, inclination angle, and scale of an outer wall, there will be no problem if it is about 100 ml / min.
In order to enhance the cleaning effect, it is efficient to spray a large amount of water, so the upper limit of the amount of water in the large amount of watering process is not specified, but the relationship between the watering time and the amount of water is determined and the product of the time and the amount of watering is obtained. An appropriate level is desirable.
In addition, the schedule for each of the above steps may be determined arbitrarily in consideration of the surrounding air contamination and the state of the building. Can be prevented.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the formation of a water film on the exterior material surface is divided into an initial watering step, a small amount watering step, and a large amount watering step according to the purpose, and the amount of watering required for the purpose is Since water is sprayed, a uniform water film can be formed on the surface of the exterior material with a smaller amount of water than in the prior art, and the cost can be reduced.
Moreover, when it is set as the heat radiating building material using latent heat of vaporization, since a water film thickness becomes thin, there also exists an effect that efficiency increases.

The specific example of the watering structure and the watering method shown in said Embodiment 2 is shown.
On the panel-shaped outer wall material coated with titanium oxide, installed at an inclination angle of 35 °, saddles for holding the water distribution pipes were attached at intervals of 1 m, and the water distribution pipes were arranged.
The water distribution pipe is a 24φ resin hose and has a 0.3φ water outlet at 20 mm intervals. In order to ensure rigidity, the water distribution pipe is fitted into a holding pipe obtained by processing a vinyl chloride pipe having an inner diameter of 24φ into a C shape.
The direction of the water outlet was upward at an angle of 5 ° with respect to the exterior material. Moreover, the space | interval with an exterior material was set to 15 mm.
On the outer wall material, linear protrusions that are 3 mm high and 2 mm wide and continuous in the horizontal direction are integrally formed by press molding at a position 30 mm below the water distribution pipe.

  In the watering method in the watering structure configured as described above, watering is performed at a water amount of 500 cc / min · m at the start of watering, and a water film is formed early by mass watering. This is because, as described above, when water spraying is started with a small amount of water, the water film is difficult to spread over the entire surface, and it takes a lot of time to form the water film, and the efficiency is adversely affected.

  The water flow sprinkled down from the water distribution pipe collides with a protrusion formed below the water distribution pipe to reduce the flow velocity, and spreads in the horizontal direction here. Therefore, even if the water film is not completely spread at the portion discharged from the water spray pipe, it can be spread over the entire surface by the protrusion. The water film spreading in the horizontal direction then gets over the protrusion. Once the water film spreads throughout, the lower part will continue to hold the water film unless the amount of water spray is insufficient.

After forming the water film, the amount of water spray is narrowed down to 100 cc / min · m. If the water film formation state is good, further narrowing down may be performed. Here, the water film by the small amount of water sprinkling is so thin that the water flow cannot be confirmed on the wall surface, and there is no momentum for cleaning the dirt attached to the surface. Moreover, since there is almost no water flow and the surface is only slightly wet, the dust etc. which came in are easy to adhere.
Therefore, for example, the surface is cleaned by repeating water spraying of 500 cc / min · m every hour.

  In addition, the inclination angle of the exterior material, the mounting interval of the saddle for holding the distribution pipe, and various dimensions of the distribution pipe are not limited to those described here. Since the required watering amount is determined by the size of the watering surface, etc., the pipe diameter, the size of the water outlet, and the interval are determined according to the water amount. Smaller is better.

  As an example of changing the protruding portion of the exterior material shown in Example 1, water was sprayed in the same manner by providing a horizontal recess having a depth of 5 mm and a width of 10 at a position 30 mm below the watering header. At this time, water drops dripped from the upper part of the hollow part spread in the horizontal direction at the lower corner of the hollow part. Those that did not fall as water droplets spread in the horizontal direction inside the recessed portion, and the effect of spreading the water film in the horizontal direction in the same manner as in the above example was obtained.

A porous material having a height of 10 mm and a width of 10 mm was attached to the recess of the panel-shaped exterior material shown in Example 2. Sponge-like material is not limited as long as it has a predetermined water retention and water permeability regardless of the material such as synthetic resin such as urethane, mineral such as rock wool, cement such as ALC. .
In addition, here, a case where a hollow portion is formed and fitted into the exterior material has been introduced, but a cloth-like, plate-like, or rod-like member may be attached on a plane.
According to this example, the water film could be smoothly spread in the horizontal direction further than in Example 2.

The following was implemented as a specific example of the watering structure with respect to the roof shown in Embodiment 3. FIG.
A vertical rising part having a height of 100 mm was formed in the upper part of the roof (building storage), and an L-shaped drainer was attached to the part. For draining, a photocatalyst was coated. A water distribution pipe was attached to the vertical part of the drainer, and water was discharged to the vertical part in the same manner as in Example 1.
The discharged water spread at the horizontal part of the drainage and the flow velocity of the water flow decreased and spread over the whole surface, and then it flowed down to the roof surface to form a uniform water film from the top of the roof.

  In addition, although the method of attaching to the roof material which is a watering object surface may be sufficient as the attachment method of the water pipe regarding a roof like Example 1, the method of a present Example is roof from the problems, such as durability and waterproofness. It is suitable when the step of screwing the material is not preferred.

It is explanatory drawing of the watering structure which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is arrow AA sectional drawing of FIG. It is explanatory drawing explaining the effect | action of Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing explaining the effect | action of Embodiment 2 of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

  1 exterior materials, 3 water distribution pipes, 5 water spouts.

Claims (4)

A watering structure comprising an exterior material installed in a building and a water distribution pipe disposed in a horizontal direction at a predetermined interval from the exterior material, wherein the water distribution pipe has a predetermined interval in the tube axis direction. Then, at least one row of water spouts for water discharge toward the exterior material is provided,
The direction of the water spout is upward from the front facing the exterior material, and the water discharged from the water spout and collided with the exterior material goes above the position where it reaches the exterior material. As well as
A resistance means comprising a continuously extending ridge, a ridge or a L-shaped ridge in a horizontal direction that lowers the water flow speed and extends a water film in the horizontal direction below the water receiving portion in the exterior material. A watering structure characterized by being provided .   The watering structure according to claim 1, wherein a hydrophilic layer is formed on the surface of the exterior material.   It is a watering method using the watering structure of Claim 1 or 2, Comprising: The 1st watering process of sprinkling in order to form a water film, and the amount of watering of this 1st watering process after this 1st watering process A watering method, comprising: a second watering step of watering with an amount of water of 1/5 or less. A watering method using the watering structure according to claim 1 or 2,
An initial watering step for watering to form a water film, a small amount watering step for spraying with a water amount of 1/5 or less of the watering amount of the initial watering step after the initial watering step, and the small amount watering step after the small amount watering step A watering method comprising: a large amount of water sprinkling step for spraying a larger amount than the amount of water sprayed; and a repeated watering step for alternately repeating the large amount watering step and the small amount watering step.

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