JP4803559B2 - Mushroom cultivation medium and mushroom cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation medium used for fungus bed cultivation and a mushroom cultivation method.

  In edible mushroom cultivation, it is always required to stably produce high-quality mushrooms at a high yield. Conventionally, in order to increase the yield per medium, nutrient sources such as nitrogen sources, vitamins, minerals, and nucleic acid-related components were added to the medium, and the medium was enriched to solve the problem.

On the other hand, Patent Document 1 discloses a mushroom cultivation method in which a nutrient material contained in a culture medium is decomposed and grown in advance so that it can be easily ingested by mushrooms. This mushroom cultivation method and mushroom cultivation group is a more rapid method by heating a mixture of mushroom culture medium containing sawdust, rice bran, water for water adjustment, and amylase at a temperature of about 90 ° C. or less to alphalize starch. After being allowed to undergo enzymatic degradation, the product is allowed to stand for a certain period of time and subjected to an enzymatic degradation process, and then subjected to a sterilization treatment process, which is used as a mushroom cultivation base. This is because the starch in nutrient materials (rice bran) and the like is completely enzymatically decomposed into glucose by the added amylase, which is favorable for the growth of mycelium.
JP-A-6-253678

  In the above-described conventional method for enriching a culture medium, a nutrient medium is abundant and suitable for microorganisms other than mushrooms. Furthermore, when cultivated in an over-nutrition medium, it caused physiological damage to the mushroom mycelium, resulting in fruit body defects, abnormalities, and secondary contamination with bacteria.

  Moreover, in the case of the said patent document 1, the starch of a nutrient is decomposed | disassembled completely with amylase, and content of glucose can be raised. In this case, it is expected that the growth of mycelium is somewhat improved by the increase in glucose, but a significant effect cannot be expected only by an increase in glucose. Moreover, in order to break down into glucose, the starch is pregelatinized by heating at a temperature of about 90 ° C. or less. However, when the wood component is exposed to a high temperature for a long time, an organic acid that becomes an inhibitory component for mushrooms such as acetic acid is likely to be generated. And the cultivation process is added and the problem that the cost of a heat source becomes high arises.

  The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the background art described above, and converts high-quality mushrooms to high quality by converting the nutrients of the fungus bed medium into a state suitable for mushroom mycelium in a simple cultivation process. An object of the present invention is to provide a medium for mushroom cultivation and a method for cultivating mushrooms that can be stably produced in a yield.

In the present invention, amylase and glucosidase are added to a mixture obtained by mixing a culture medium base material and a nutrient material to adjust the water content, and the nutrient material is enzymatically decomposed at room temperature to decompose the polysaccharide of the nutrient material. It is a mushroom cultivation medium in which an oligomer which is a low molecular weight substance in the middle of becoming a sugar is produced.

Before Kio oligomer is a low molecular α-glucan, and low molecular β glucan.

In addition, the present invention mixes a medium base material and a nutrient material to adjust moisture, adds amylase and glucosidase to the moisture-adjusted mixture, decomposes the polysaccharide of the nutrient material at room temperature, and becomes a monosaccharide This is a method for cultivating mushrooms cultivated in a mushroom cultivation medium in which an oligomer which is a low molecular weight substance is produced.

  The medium for cultivating mushrooms and the method for cultivating mushrooms according to the present invention can stably convert high-quality mushrooms in a high yield by converting the nutrients of the fungus bed medium into a state suitable for mushroom mycelium. Moreover, it is not necessary to specially treat the bacterial bed medium, and it can be cultivated by a normal cultivation process, and cultivation is easy.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described. This embodiment is a mushroom cultivation medium in which a polysaccharide-degrading enzyme is mixed and adjusted in a weight ratio of 50 to 1000 ppm in a basic medium in which a medium base material and a nutrient material are mixed to adjust water content. And it is the cultivation method of the mushroom grown using this culture medium. The polysaccharide degrading enzymes are amylase and glucosidase. And it is a cultivation method of a mushroom using such a culture medium for mushroom cultivation. The amylase may be a thermostable amylase or a mesophilic amylase (reacted at room temperature).

  The cultivation method of the mushroom of this embodiment is demonstrated. A medium substrate such as sawdust and wood chips and a nutrient such as rice bran, bran and corn bran are mixed, and tap water is added to adjust the water content to obtain a basic medium. A polysaccharide-degrading enzyme is added to the basic medium to a predetermined concentration, transferred to a cultivation bottle or the like, sterilized as necessary, inoculated with mushroom inoculum, and cultivated under predetermined conditions.

Next, the mushroom cultivation medium of this embodiment will be described. The mushroom cultivation medium, by enzymatic reaction with polysaccharide degrading enzyme were added at the time of the medium adjusted, starch nutritional material is decomposed into low-molecular-glucan and amorphous glucans, converted into liable medium absorbs mushroom mycelium It is a thing. This means that, without adding a new nutrient source, the existing nutrients and added enzymes can be converted into nutrients by stimulating the enzyme reaction within the medium preparation (stirring the medium, filling the bottle) and sterilization. It has been made.

In the sterilization process, a sterilization process other than heating is used at room temperature, or the temperature is lowered and heated so that the monomer is not completely decomposed. Thereby, the starch is not completely decomposed by amylase and glucosidase, and an oligomer that is an intermediate substance in the intermediate stage and a substance having a low molecular weight is generated. The oligomer of this intermediate substance is a low-molecular α-glucan or a low- molecular β-glucan . Moreover, the intermediate material, that contains a polymeric α-glucan, and noncrystalline polymers β-glucan. Low molecular α-glucan and high molecular α-glucan is produced by amylase, low molecular β-glucans and non-crystalline polymer β-glucan is produced by β-glucosidase, a synergistic effect of the two types of polysaccharide degrading enzymes. In particular, rice bran contains cellulose derived from plant cell walls, and it is considered that cellulose and starch are entangled with each other. By adding β-glucosidase, oligomeric β-glucan and α-glucan are easily generated.

  According to the mushroom cultivation medium and the mushroom cultivation method of this embodiment, high-quality mushrooms can be stably produced at a high yield by converting the nutrients of the fungus bed medium to a state suitable for mushroom mycelium. The fruiting body yield is increased and the yield per medium is increased to improve the productivity, and the fruiting body can be enlarged and differentiated from the production area. Large fruit bodies are traded at high prices in the Shiitake and Elingi markets, and recently, large fruit bodies are also traded as large-sized sea cucumbers at high prices, and this contributes to improving profitability by increasing the size of fruit bodies. Is. More specifically, by adding 50 to 1000 ppm of amylase and glucosidase when adjusting the medium, the fruit body yield increased by 20% and the body weight of the fruit body increased by 20 to 40%. In Yamabushitake, adding amylase and glucosidase in an amount of 250 to 1000 ppm increased the fruiting body yield by 50 to 60%.

  The mushroom cultivation medium and the mushroom cultivation method of this embodiment need only add enzyme, and without setting the enzyme reaction process, at room temperature, the enzyme reaction within the normal medium preparation and sterilization process time Can easily convert existing nutrients into low-molecular oligomers and increase fruit body yield without adding a new nutrient source. Since the process is also simple, it is a cultivation method that is easily adapted to the field. It can be used widely regardless of production scale, and can be used by producers currently working on mushroom cultivation. Since there is no heating step that promotes an enzymatic reaction, organic acids that are mushroom-inhibiting components such as acetic acid, which are generated when a woody component is exposed to high temperatures for a long time, are safe and safe.

  In addition, since no new nutrient source is added, the risk of contamination with harmful fungi is low, and physiological disorders of mushrooms are difficult to induce. And it is safe because it only reduces the molecular weight of existing nutrition, and can provide safe mushrooms that consumers can feel secure. Since amylase and glucosidase use enzymes used for food additives, consumption is expected to increase in line with consumer needs for a stable supply of safe and safe mushrooms.

  Enzyme manufacturers can also explore new uses for enzymes. Because it meets the needs of mushroom producers and enzyme manufacturers, high marketability can be expected.

  The mushroom cultivation medium and the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiment, and amylase or glucosidase may be used alone, or other polysaccharide-degrading enzymes may be mixed and used. . The material of the basic medium to which the polysaccharide degrading enzyme is added can be set as appropriate, and can be used for the cultivation of various types of mushrooms.

  Next, the present invention will be described with specific examples of nameko cultivation. First, beech was used as a medium substrate, and bran corn bran (1: 1 weight ratio) was used as a nutrient. In the basic medium (control group), the medium base material and the nutrient material were mixed at a ratio of 3: 1 (weight ratio), and tap water was added to adjust the water content to 63% (wet basis).

  Amylase and glucosidase were used as polysaccharide degrading enzymes. As the amylase, BAN (medium-temperature amylase) and Thermalmyl (thermostable amylase), which are commercially available enzymes (manufactured by NOVO), were used. As the glucosidase, endo-1,3, β-D-glucosidase (manufactured by Megazyme) was used.

  The amount of polysaccharide degrading enzyme added to the basic medium was 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000 ppm with respect to the total medium weight in BAN and Termamyl. Endo-1,3, β-D-glucosidase was added at 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000 ppm. Further, as a mixed medium of amylase and glucosidase (hereinafter referred to as TG mixed medium), Thermalmyl and endo-1,3, β-D-glucosidase were added at 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm, respectively.

  The above-mentioned polysaccharide-degrading enzyme-added mushroom cultivation medium was packed in 500 ml in 800 ml polypropylene bottles, inoculated with nameko commercially available fungus Kinox N002, and cultured at 22 ± 2 ° C. for 60 days, then 15 ± 2 ° C. , Promoted the formation of fruiting bodies under the condition of RH 90%.

The results of this cultivation test are shown in Table 1.

  As a result, in this Example, the fruiting body yield increased with respect to the cultivation in the basic medium (control group) by adding amylase and glucosidase. In the BAN-added medium, the yield of fruiting bodies was increased by 10 to 20% with the addition of 50 to 500 ppm, and with the Termamyl added medium, 10 to 20% with the medium with 50 to 1000 ppm added. In endo-1,3, β-D-glucosidase, it increased significantly only by addition of 500 ppm, and there was no superior difference at other addition concentrations. From this, it was found that amylase acted more effectively than glucosidase. In the TG medium mixed with both, the medium with 50 to 1000 ppm increased about 20% compared to the control group, and the fruit body yield tended to increase more than when added with Termamyl alone, and a synergistic effect was observed. .

  The number of fruiting bodies was 25 ppm and 500 ppm in the BAN-added medium, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm in the Termamyl-added medium, and the number of occurrences was smaller than in the control group, but there was no significant difference from the control group in the other test groups. It seems that there was no significant effect on the number of occurrences. Since there was no effect on the number of fruiting bodies or a tendency to decrease slightly, the body weight of the fruiting bodies showed a tendency to increase in the test plot where the fruiting body yield increased.

  From these facts, the addition of 50 to 1000 ppm of amylase and glucosidase increased the fruit body yield by 20% and the fruit body solid weight by 20 to 40%.

  In addition, regarding the number of days required for cultivation, the control group had the same number of days required for cultivation in the endo-1,3, β-D-glucosidase-added medium as compared to the control group for 80.3 days. In the enzyme-supplemented medium, the number of days required for cultivation tended to be longer. In BAN, the addition of 50 to 100 ppm was prolonged for 2 to 3 days, in Termamyl, 50 to 1000 ppm at 1.5 to 2.5 days, and in the TG mixed medium, the addition of 50 to 1000 ppm was significantly prolonged for 1 to 2 days.

  Next, the present invention will be described with reference to specific examples of cultivation of Yamabushitake. First, beech was used as a medium substrate and bran was used as a nutrient. In the basic medium (control group), the medium base material and the nutrient material were mixed at 1: 1 (weight ratio), and tap water was added to adjust the water content to 63% (humidity standard).

  The test enzyme is the same as in Example 1 above. BAN and Termamyl were added at 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm with respect to the total medium weight. Endo-1,3, β-D-glucosidase was added in the same manner as in Example 1 at 50,100,250,500,1000 ppm. As in Example 1, TG mixed medium, which is a mixed medium of amylase and glucosidase, was added with Termamyl and endo-1,3, β-D-glucosidase at 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm, respectively.

  The medium supplemented with the above polysaccharide-degrading enzyme was treated in the same manner as in Example 1 and inoculated with inoculum of Yamabushitake to promote fruiting body formation under the same conditions.

The results of this cultivation test are shown in Table 2.

  As a result, also in this Example, regarding the fruit body yield, by adding 50 to 1000 ppm of amylase and glucosidase, the fruit body yield increased compared to the cultivation in the basic medium (control group). In the BAN-added medium, it increased by 20 to 30% with respect to the control group, with 1.5 to 40% in the Termamyl-added medium, and 20 to 50% in the endo-1,3, β-D-glucosidase. The optimum addition amounts of BAN, Thermalyl, endo-1,3, β-D-glucosidase were 100 to 500 ppm, 100 to 1000 ppm, and 250 to 1000 ppm, respectively. In the TG mixed medium, the fruiting body yield increased compared to the case where the degrading enzyme was added alone, and when each of 250 to 1000 ppm was added, the fruiting body yield increased by 50 to 60%, and the synergistic effect of each enzyme was recognized.

From this, the fruiting body yield increased by 50-60% by adding 250-1000 ppm of amylase and glucosidase.

Claims (3)

Enzymatic degradation of nutrients is performed at room temperature by adding amylase and glucosidase to the mixture obtained by mixing the substrate with nutrients and adjusting the water content, and the polysaccharides of nutrients are decomposed into monosaccharides. mushroom cultivation medium, wherein the oligomer is produced a low molecular weight substances. Before Kio oligomer is a low molecular α-glucan, and mushroom cultivation medium according to claim 1, wherein the low molecular β glucan. A medium base material and a nutrient material are mixed to adjust the water content, amylase and glucosidase are added to the water-adjusted mixture, the polysaccharide of the nutrient material is decomposed at room temperature, and a low molecular weight substance in the middle of becoming a monosaccharide A method for cultivating mushrooms, comprising cultivating a medium for mushroom cultivation in which an oligomer is produced.