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JP4811892B2 - Water treatment method and apparatus - Google Patents
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JP4811892B2 - Water treatment method and apparatus - Google Patents

Water treatment method and apparatus Download PDF

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JP4811892B2
JP4811892B2 JP2001064782A JP2001064782A JP4811892B2 JP 4811892 B2 JP4811892 B2 JP 4811892B2 JP 2001064782 A JP2001064782 A JP 2001064782A JP 2001064782 A JP2001064782 A JP 2001064782A JP 4811892 B2 JP4811892 B2 JP 4811892B2
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water
treated
carboxylic acid
organic carboxylic
ozone
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JP2002011485A (en
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豊 島田
孝 河野
純 米谷
正人 西村
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Sumitomo Precision Products Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えばゴミ焼却設備や最終処分場から出るダイオキシン類を含有する排水の処理に適した水処理方法及び装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
毒性が高く、しかも難分解性であるダイオキシン類は、ゴミ焼却場から排出される洗煙排水や洗灰排水に多く含まれている。焼却灰は、最終処分場に廃棄されるが、降雨等によって焼却灰からダイオキシン類が徐々に滲みだし、地下水等に混入する危険性がある。このため、ダイオキシン類を含むゴミ浸出水や洗煙排水、洗灰排水の無害化処理は、環境汚染防止対策上の大きな技術課題となっている。
【0003】
ダイオキシン類を分解して無害化する方法としては、焼却炉での熱分解、超臨界水による分解、光分解(紫外線、太陽光)、化学的分解(オゾン、過酸化水素)、微生物による生物分解等が知られているが、ダイオキシン類を含有する有機排水の処理法としては、オゾンを用いた酸化促進処理、特に紫外線、オゾン及び過酸化水素を組み合わせた3元系処理が、現在最も効果的とされている(例えば特開平7−108285号公報、特開平11−33570号公報)。
【0004】
ダイオキシン類の3元系処理では、紫外線による光分解と、オゾン及び過酸化水素の併用により生成するヒドロキシラジカルによる酸化分解とが組み合わされる。紫外線による光分解では、ダイオキシン類分子が脱塩素化により、オゾンによる化学反応で酸化分解されやすいオゾン感応性化合物に変化する。紫外線照射でエーテル結合が切断された場合は、塩素化フェニールが生成するが、紫外線照射でダイオキシン類の脱塩素化が進行する。更に、オゾンと過酸化水素などとの併用で生成する酸化力の大きい各種ラジカルやオゾンによる反応によって、脱塩素化された芳香核が開環し、毒性の少ない生物分解されやすい物質に変化され無害化される。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
紫外線、オゾン及び過酸化水素を組み合わせた3元系処理では、このようなメカニズムにより、ダイオキシン類の分解処理が進行し、被処理水中のダイオキシン類の濃度が高い場合は、比較的高い反応速度でその分解処理が進行する。
【0006】
ところが、被処理水中のダイオキシン類の濃度が50pg−TEQ/L程度まで分解処理が進行すると、分解速度の急激な低下が起こる。そして、その後更にダイオキシン類の分解を進行させるには、反応時間の増大及び大幅な設備規模の増大が必要になり、薬品類の使用量も膨大となる。
【0007】
ダイオキシン類の排出基準については、最近、排水基準値が10pg−TEQ/L以下に制定された。一方、ゴミ焼却場や最終処分場を新たに建設する場合の住民合意基準値としては、これより更に低い1pg−TEQ/Lレベル、場合によっては0.1pg−TEQ/Lレベルが要求されている。このような極低レベルにまでダイオキシン類の濃度を低減する場合の反応時間の増大、設備規模の増大及び薬品使用量の増大は非常に顕著であり、このことが、ダイオキシン類を含む排水を酸化促進反応により工業的規模で処理する場合の大きな問題になっている。
【0008】
本発明の目的は、ダイオキシン類のような難分解性有機物を低濃度まで効率よく分解できる水処理方法及び装置を提供することにある。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
ところで、ダイオキシン類を含む被処理水を3元系処理で無害化する場合、その排水にはダイオキシン類だけでなく、多量の無機塩と数10mg/L前後のTOC成分が含まれている。紫外線やオゾン、過酸化水素はダイオキシン類に対して選択的に反応するのではないため、3元系処理を行っても、その紫外線やオゾン、過酸化水素は、ダイオキシン類の分解に使用される以外に、共存する有機性のTOC成分の分解に多く使用されることになる。その結果、ダイオキシン類が完全に分解される前に、被処理水中のTOC成分は殆ど完全に分解されて炭酸ガスと水になり、分析測定できるTOC値はほぼ0近くになる。
【0010】
被処理水中のTOC成分が分解された後は、紫外線やオゾン、過酸化水素はダイオキシン類に対してのみに反応し、その反応効率が増大することが予想される。ところが、事実はこれに反し、被処理水中のTOC成分が存在する間は、ダイオキシン類の分解処理も並行してかなりの速度で進行するが、被処理水中のTOC成分が殆どなくなると、これに伴ってダイオキシン類の反応速度も急速に遅くなるという、予想とは全く異なる現象が認められた。
【0011】
本発明者らはこの現象に着目し、その原因を追求するべく種々の実験解析を行った結果、以下の事実を知見するに至った。
【0012】
図1はダイオキシン類を含む被処理水を促進酸化処理したときのダイオキシン類の濃度、TOC値及びpHの経時変化を示すグラフである。オゾン濃度及び過酸化水素濃度は一定である。
【0013】
同図に示すように、被処理水中のダイオキシン類の濃度が50pg−TEQ/L程度までは、分解処理が急速に進行するが、それ以降は分解速度の急激な低下が起こる。また、被処理水のpHは、最初中性から、促進酸化が進行すると酸性側に移行し低下するが、ダイオキシン類の分解反応が鈍る時期から、逆に増加に転じる。ダイオキシン類の分解反応が鈍り、pHが増大を始める時期に、被処理中のTOC成分を測定すると、そのTOC成分はほぼ消費されていた。
【0014】
図2は処理途中に酢酸を添加した場合のダイオキシン類の濃度経時変化を、酢酸を添加しない場合と比較して示すグラフである。オゾン濃度及び過酸化水素濃度は一定である。
【0015】
同図に示すように、ダイオキシン類の分解反応が鈍り、pHが増大を始める時期に、被処理水中に酢酸を添加した。そうすると、50pg−TEQ/Lを過ぎてもなお分解処理が継続され、低濃度まで高い反応速度が維持された。酢酸の添加量が適正な場合、特に低い濃度まで高い反応速度が維持された。このように、処理途中の酢酸の添加により、10pg−TEQ/Lレベルはもとより、1pg−TEQ/L以下の極低濃度まで、ダイオキシン類が効率よく分解される。この理由は以下のように説明される。
【0016】
有機物質を含む被処理水の促進酸化処理では、下記の化学式1に示す反応が進行することにより、オゾンによる酸化分解に加えて、生成する各種のラジカル(反応活性種)による強力な分解が行われる。
【0017】
【化学式1】

Figure 0004811892
【0018】
上記の化学式1からも分かるように、促進酸化反応を継続するために、オゾン(O3 )や過酸化水素(H2 2 )は必要であるが、同時に酢酸(CH3 COOH)も必要である。酢酸(CH3 COOH)が欠乏すると、オゾン(O3 )や過酸化水素(H2 2 )が存在していても、ヒドロキシラジカル(・OH)以外のラジカルが十分に生成しない。
【0019】
有機物質を含む被処理水の促進酸化処理では、この酢酸(CH3 COOH)はTOC成分より供給される。このため、被処理水中のTOC成分が殆どなくなった後は、紫外線、オゾン及び過酸化水素を組み合わせた促進酸化処理をしても、各種のラジカルは生成せず、また生成したヒドロキシラジカル(・OH)の大部分はヒドロキシラジカル(・OH)同士の反応で消費されたり、またオゾンの自己分解連鎖反応で消費されるために、処理系内でのオゾン濃度を高く維持できず、ダイオキシン類の効率的な分解処理の続行が困難になる。
【0020】
しかし、有機物質を含む被処理液の促進酸化では、多量に生成するヒドロキシラジカル(・OH)が、下記の化学式2に示すように、、オゾンの連鎖分解反応で無効に消費されることなく、有機物質と反応して、各種の活性種を生成し、これらによるダイオキシン類の効率的な分解がおこる。更に、オゾンの自己分解連鎖反応が抑制されるので、系内のオゾン濃度も高く維持され、より効率的な分解が可能になる。
【0021】
【化学式2】
Figure 0004811892
【0022】
本発明はかかる知見に基づいて完成されたものであり、その水処理方法は、難分解性有機物を含む被処理水を、オゾン、紫外線及び過酸化水素のうちの少なくとも2つを用いて促進酸化処理する水処理方法において、被処理水のpHを測定し、測定されたpHが所定値以下に管理されるように、脂肪族有機カルボン酸及び/又は分解過程において酸化されて脂肪族有機カルボン酸を生成する有機物を被処理水に含有させることにより、被処理水中の残留TOC濃度を1ng/L以上に維持するものである。
【0023】
本発明の水処理方法によると、ダイオキシン類を含む被処理水を、10pg−TEQ/L以下まで効率よく促進酸化処理することができ、更には1pg−TEQ/L以下、更には0.1pg−TEQ/L以下までも効率よく促進酸化処理することができる。
【0024】
即ち、被処理水中に含有される脂肪族有機カルボン酸(Cn 2n+1COOH)は、促進酸化により酸化され過酸(Cn 2n+1COOOH)を経て分解されることによりカルボキシラジカル(Cn 2n+1COO・)とヒドロキシラジカル(・OH)を生成し(前記7式及び8式参照)、更にカルボキシラジカル(Cn 2n+1COO・)は、脱炭酸してアルキルラジカル(Cn 2n+1・)となる(前記9式参照)。また、多量に生成するヒドロキシラジカル(・OH)は、カルボン酸からも水素を引き抜いて有機酸ラジカル(・Cn 2nCOOH)も生成する(前記式10)。このようにして生成した多種・多数のラジカルが、ダイオキシン類等の難分解性有機物を化学的に攻撃し、反応速度を低下させることなく分解処理する。
【0025】
低濃度の難分解性有機物をヒドロキシラジカル(・OH)とオゾン活性種だけで攻撃して分解させるよりも、共存する有機成分の促進酸化により多種・多数の活性種を生成させて、難分解性有機物を分解することにより、無害化処理を効率よく経済的に行うことが可能となる。
【0026】
被処理水中に脂肪族有機カルボン酸を含有させる方法としては、脂肪族有機カルボン酸を外部から添加するのが一般的であるが、被処理水中に、促進酸化反応により酢酸等の低級脂肪族カルボン酸を生成する有機物が含まれている場合は、これを利用することも可能である。また、促進酸化反応により酢酸等の低級脂肪族カルボン酸を生成する有機物を外部から被処理水中に添加することで、被処理水中に脂肪族有機カルボン酸を含有させることも可能である。
【0027】
脂肪族有機カルボン酸としては、蟻酸、酢酸、プロピオン酸等の低級脂肪族カルボン酸が望ましく、経済性の点から酢酸が特に好ましい。
【0028】
促進酸化されて酢酸等の脂肪族カルボン酸を生成する有機物としては、例えば低級アルコール類(主にメタノール、エタノール、IPA、エチレングリコール等)、芳香族類(主にトルエン、各種フェノール誘導体等)、ケトン類(主にアセトン、メチルエチルケトン等)、更にはアルデヒト類(主にアセトアルデヒト、プロプルアルデヒト等)又はエーテル類(主に酢酸エチル等)を挙げることかできる。これらはいずれも促進反応により酢酸等の低級脂肪族カルボン酸を生成するが、なかでもIPA(イソプロピルアルコール)、エタノールが、アルデヒトを経て低級脂肪族有機カルボン酸を生成する点から好ましい。
【0029】
ちなみに、エタノールは、化学式3に示される反応により酢酸を生じる。またメタノールは、化学式4に示される反応により蟻酸を生じる。いずれも、促進酸化反応により低級脂肪族有機カルボン酸を生成するが、その過程でオゾン等の酸化剤を消費する。このため、これらの有機物を経由せずに直接的に脂肪族有機カルボン酸を含有させることにより、酸化剤の利用効率を向上させることができる。
【0030】
【化学式3】
Figure 0004811892
【0031】
【化学式4】
Figure 0004811892
【0032】
脂肪族有機カルボン酸の添加量は、分解するダイオキシン類等の難分解性有機物の濃度や被処理水中のTOC値とも関係するが、その難分解性有機物を殆ど分解させるのに必要な量があればよく、過剰に添加した場合には、TOC成分の分解に余分の処理が必要になる。この観点から、添加量は被処理水中の残留TOC濃度で1ng/L以上が必要であり、1μg/L以上が好ましく、1mg/L以上が更に好ましい。残留TOC濃度の上限についは30mg/L以下が好ましく、10mg/L以下が更に好ましい。
【0033】
促進酸化処理としては、紫外線とオゾン、紫外線と過酸化水素、或いはオゾンと過酸化水素を組み合わせた2元系処理でもよいが、オゾンを含む2元系処理が好ましく、紫外線、オゾン及び過酸化水素を組み合わせた3元系処理が特に好ましい。
【0034】
促進酸化処理に使用するオゾンガスとしては、オゾン濃度が120g/Nm3 以上の高濃度オゾンガスが反応性の点から好ましい。
【0035】
促進酸化処理に使用する紫外線ランプとしては、UV−C出力が0.4W/cm以上の高出力低圧水銀ランプが反応性の点から好ましい。
【0036】
促進酸化処理における水圧は0.05MPa以上が反応性の点から好ましい。水圧が低すぎると被処理水へのオゾンの移動速度及び溶解度が小さくなり、実用面では1MPa以下が好ましい。
【0037】
また、本発明の水処理装置は、有機物質を含む被処理水を、オゾン、紫外線及び過酸化水素のうちの少なくとも2つを用いて促進酸化処理する処理系と、該処理系内の被処理水に、脂肪族有機カルボン酸及び/又は分解過程において酸化されて脂肪族有機カルボン酸を生成する有機物(例えば低級脂肪族アルコール)を注入する注入系とを具備しており、前記注入系は、被処理水のpHを測定する手段を有すると共に、測定されたpHが所定値以下に管理されるように、脂肪族有機カルボン酸及び/又は脂肪族有機カルボン酸生成用有機物の注入を行う
【0038】
促進酸化処理される被処理水に、脂肪族有機カルボン酸及び/又は分解過程において酸化されて脂肪族有機カルボン酸を生成する有機物(例えば低級脂肪族アルコール)を注入することにより、低濃度まで高効率な反応が持続されることは前述した通りである。
【0039】
前記注入系は、前記処理系における促進酸化処理部の上流側で脂肪族有機カルボン酸及び/又は脂肪族有機カルボン酸生成用有機物(例えば低級脂肪族アルコール)を注入する構成が、反応性の点から好ましい。
【0040】
前記注入系は又、被処理水のpHを測定する手段を有しており、測定されたpHが所定値以下に管理されるように、脂肪族有機カルボン酸及び/又は脂肪族有機カルボン酸生成用有機物(例えば低級脂肪族アルコール)の注入を行う構成である。前述したように、被処理水のpHが増大を始める時期と、被処理水中のTOC成分ほぼ消費される時期はほぼ対応している。被処理水のpHを管理することにより、被処理水中のTOC濃度を管理せずとも、そのTOC濃度を所定範囲内に維持することができ、これにより装置構成が簡単になる。
【0041】
pHの管理値としては6.5以下が好ましく、6以下が特に好ましい。このpH値が高いことは、被処理水中のTOC成分が殆ど分解して存在しない状態を表し、ダイオキシン類の分解速度は低下する。pH値の下限については、5以上が好ましい。これ未満では、被処理水中の有機物濃度が大きく、TOC成分の分解に多量の活性種が消費される。
【0042】
被処理水中の残留TOC濃度がpH値に反映される理由は次のとおりである。被処理水中のTOC成分が酸化分解されて有機酸に変化すると共に、ダイオキシン類の脱塩素化による塩化水素の生成によってpHは低下する。しかし、TOC成分が完全に分解されて炭酸ガスと水になり、且つダイオキシン類の分解速度の顕著な低下による塩化水素の生成も起こらず、被処理水のpHは増加するようになる。
【0043】
前記処理系は、被処理水を閉ループで処理する構成でも開ループで処理する構成でもよい。閉ループで循環処理する場合、循環処理しながら被処理水の一部を処理水として排出することができる。
【0044】
前記処理系は又、脂肪族有機カルボン酸及び/又は脂肪族有機カルボン酸生成用有機物(例えば低級脂肪族アルコール)の注入部の上流側及び下流側に促進酸化部を設けた構成とすることができる。この構成は被処理水を開ループで処理する場合に特に有効である。
【0045】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明の実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
【0046】
図3は本発明の第1実施形態を示す水処理装置の構成図である。
【0047】
第1実施形態の水処理装置は、ダイオキシン類を含む被処理水を収容するタンク1を備えている。タンク1内の被処理水は、図示されないポンプにより、反応塔2に循環される。タンク1から反応塔2に向かう経路には、オゾン注入器3が設けられており、反応塔2からタンク1に戻る経路には、pH測定器4が設けられている。反応塔2は紫外線ランプ5を備えており、塔内の被処理水に紫外線を照射する。オゾン注入器3はエジェクタ等からなり、オゾン発生機6で発生させた高濃度のオゾンガスを被処理水に注入する。
【0048】
第1実施形態の水処理装置においては、ダイオキシン類を含む被処理水が次のようにして促進酸化処理される。
【0049】
タンク1から導出された被処理水は、過酸化水素を添加された後、オゾン注入器3で高濃度オゾンガスを注入され、反応塔2で紫外線を照射されることにより、3元系の促進酸化処理を受けて、タンク1に戻る。これを繰り返すことにより、被処理水中のTOC成分が分解されていく。同時に、ダイオキシン類もTOC成分の存在下で高い反応速度で分解されていく。
【0050】
被処理水中のTOC成分が減少するにつれて、被処理水のpH値が下がり、TOC成分がほぼ分解されるとpH値が上昇に転じ、同時にダイオキシン類の分解速度も急激に低下する。そこで、本実施形態では、反応塔2からタンク1に戻るpH測定器4で被処理水のpH値を測定し、そのpH値が6.5以下、好ましくは6以下に維持されるように、タンク1内の被処理水に脂肪族有機カルボン酸としての例えば酢酸を添加する。
【0051】
これにより、被処理水中の残留TOC濃度が1ng/L以上、特に好ましくは1mg/L以上に維持される。その結果、被処理水中のダイオキシン類が低濃度になった後も引き続きダイオキシン類が高い反応速度で分解され続ける。従って、被処理水中のダイオキシン類が極低濃度まで効率よく分解される。
【0052】
図4は本発明の第2実施形態を示す水処理装置の構成図である。
【0053】
第2実施形態の水処理装置は、第1実施形態の水処理装置と同様、閉ループによる循環処理装置であり、第1実施形態の水処理装置とは、被処理水の一部を処理水として反応塔2から抜き出す点、この抜き出しに伴ってタンク1に被処理水を補給する点及び脂肪族有機カルボン酸をオゾン注入器3の上流側で添加する点が相違する。
【0054】
即ち、第1実施形態の水処理装置は、循環式のバッチ処理装置であるのに対し、第2実施形態の水処理装置は、循環式の連続処理装置である。
【0055】
第2実施形態の水処理装置においても、被処理水のpH値が6.5以下、好ましくは6以下に維持されるように、被処理水に脂肪族有機カルボン酸としての例えば酢酸を添加することにより、被処理水中の残留TOC濃度が1ng/L以上、特に好ましくは1mg/L以上に維持され、その結果として被処理水中のダイオキシン類が極低濃度まで効率よく分解される。
【0056】
図5は本発明の第3実施形態を示す水処理装置の構成図である。
【0057】
第3実施形態の水処理装置は、第1実施形態の水処理装置及び第2実施形態の水処理装置と異なり、開ループシステムである。
【0058】
この水処理装置では、被処理水は、第1オゾン注入器3a、第1反応塔2a、第2オゾン注入器3b、第2反応塔2b及びpH測定器4を順番に通過し、処理水として放流される。第1オゾン注入器3a及び第2オゾン注入器3bはエジェクタ等からなり、オゾン発生機6で発生させた高濃度のオゾンガスを被処理水に注入する。第1反応塔2a及び第2反応塔2bは、紫外線ランプ5a,5bをそれぞれ備えており、それぞれの塔内の被処理水に紫外線を照射する。過酸化水素は、第1オゾン注入器3a及び第2オゾン注入器3bの各上流側で添加される。脂肪族有機カルボン酸は、第2オゾン注入器3bの上流側で添加される。
【0059】
系外から連続的に導入される被処理水は、第1反応塔2aで1段目の促進酸化処理を受ける。これにより、被処理水中のTOC成分及びダイオキシン類が低減する。1段目の促進酸化処理を受けた被処理水は、引き続き第2反応塔2bで2段目の促進酸化処理を受け、これにより、被処理水中のTOC成分はほぼ完全に除去される。これを放置すると、ダイオキシン類の低濃度領域での分解が進行しない。そこで、第2反応塔2bから放流される処理水のpHをpH測定器4で測定し、その測定値が6.5以下、好ましくは6以下に維持されるように、第1反応塔2aの下流側で被処理水に脂肪族有機カルボン酸としての例えば酢酸を添加する。
【0060】
これにより、第2反応塔2bでは、被処理水中の残留TOC濃度が1ng/L以上、特に好ましくは1mg/L以上に維持される。その結果、被処理水中のダイオキシン類が低濃度になった後も引き続きそのダイオキシン類が高い反応速度で分解され続ける。従って、被処理水中のダイオキシン類が極低濃度まで効率よく分解される。
【0061】
実施形態1〜3では、反応塔の上流側でオゾンガスの注入を行ったが、反応塔内で散気装置によってオゾンガスの注入を行うこともできる。また、反応塔内の被処理水に対して過酸化水素の添加やpHの測定、脂肪族有機カルボン酸の添加を行うこともできる。
【0062】
また、脂肪族有機カルボン酸を添加する代わりに、或いは脂肪族有機カルボン酸を添加することに加え、促進酸化されて脂肪族カルボン酸を生成する低級アルコール類等の有機物を添加することもできる。
【0063】
【実施例】
ダイオキシン試薬をダイオキシン濃度が10000pg−TEQ/Lになるように添加した最終埋立処分場のゴミ浸出水60L(初期pH7.3、初期TOC10mg/L)をタンクからUV反応塔(UV出力170W、170Wの紫外線ランプ1本、主波長254nm、反応塔容積10L)へ10L/minの流速で連続的に循環させて促進酸化処理した。オゾンガスは、UV反応塔の入口側に設けた高圧エジェクタで250g/m3 (N)の高濃度オゾンガスを0.2Mpa、0.5L/min(N)で注入した。オゾンの吸収効率はほぼ100%であった。
【0064】
促進酸化反応開始から1時間後、被処理水のダイオキシン類の濃度は50pg−TEQ/Lまで低下し、この時点でTOC値は殆ど0になった。分解率は99.5%、被処理水のpHは6.5であった。その後、ダイオキシン類の分解速度は急激に低下し、促進酸化反応開始から2時間後で20pg−TEQ/L(pH7.0)、4時間後で10pg−TEQ/L(pH7.3)となり、その後は殆ど分解反応は進行せず、1pg−TEQ/Lまで分解処理するのは実質的に困難であった。
【0065】
そこで、促進酸化反応開始から1時間後、TOC成分が殆どなくなり、pHが上昇する傾向にある被処理水に酢酸30mg/Lを添加し、pH5で反応を継続させた。TOC値は16mg/Lに上昇した。すると、促進酸化反応開始から2時間後には、被処理水中のダイオキシン類の濃度は0.1pg−TEQ/L以下まで低下した。
【0066】
上記実施例は、紫外線とオゾンを組み合わせた2元系処理であるが、紫外線、オゾン及び過酸化水素を組み合わせた3元系処理においても、下記のように有効である。
【0067】
上記実施例において、オゾンの添加と共に、オゾン量の1/4重量に相当する3.75g/hの過酸化水素を添加しつつ、促進酸化処理を行った。ダイオキシン類の濃度は、促進酸化反応開始から1時間後で40pg−TEQ/L、2時間後で20pg−TEQ/L(pH7.0)、4時間後で10pg−TEQ/L(pH7.3)となり、1時間経過後より分解速度は急激に低下した。また、TOC値は1時間で殆ど0になった。
【0068】
そこで、促進酸化反応開始から1時間後、TOC成分の殆どない被処理水に、前記実施例と同様、酢酸を30mg/L添加して、促進酸化反応を継続した。促進酸化反応開始から2時間後には、被処理水中のダイオキシン類の濃度は0.1pg−TEQ/L以下まで低下した。
【0069】
また、促進酸処理開始から1時間後、TOC成分が殆どなくなり、pHが上昇傾向にある被処理水に、酢酸を添加する代わりに、酢酸生成用有機物としてエタノールを30mg/L添加し、反応を継続させた。TOC値は31mg/Lに上昇した。すると、促進酸化反応開始後から3時間後には、被処理水中のダイオキシン類の濃度は0.1pg−TEQ/L以下にまで低下した。
【0070】
また、促進酸処理開始から1時間後、TOC成分が殆どなくなった被処理水に、酢酸を添加する代わりに、蟻酸生成用有機物としてメタノールを30mg/L添加し、反応を継続させた。TOC値は45mg/Lに上昇した。すると、促進酸化反応開始後から3時間30分後には、被処理水中のダイオキシン類の濃度は0.1pg−TEQ/L以下にまで低下した。
【0071】
このように、促進酸化工程で、脂肪族有機カルボン酸を直接的に、又は有機物を介して間接的に添加して反応を行うことにより、ダイオキシン類の分解速度が顕著に向上する。これは、TOC成分が欠乏する促進酸化工程の後期においても、脂肪族有機カルボン酸が過酸を経て分解してカルボキシラジカルとヒドロキシラジカルを生成し、更に脱炭酸してメチルラジカルとなり、また、多量に生成するヒドロキシラジカルが酢酸のメチル基より水素を引き抜いて酢酸ラジカルも生成し、このような機構で生成した多種・多量のラジカルによりダイオキシン類の分解反応が加速されたものと考えられる。
【0072】
促進酸化工程の前期においては、被処理水中のTOC成分が酸化分解され酢酸となって上記の効果を発揮するために、TOC成分が存在している間は、オゾンがTOC成分に消費されるものの、かなりの速度でダイオキシン類の分解反応が進行すると考えられる。このため、分解反応の継続には十分な量のオゾンが必要であり、この点から高濃度オゾンガスは非常に有効であり、とりわけ実施例で使用したような200g/m3 (N)以上の超高濃度オゾンガスが好ましい。
【0073】
【発明の効果】
以上に説明したとおり、本発明の水処理方法及び装置は、ダイオキシン類等の難分解性有機物を含む被処理水の促進酸化処理で問題になる低濃度領域でおこる反応速度の極端な低下を防ぐために、この領域で顕著になるヒドロキシラジカル(・OH)によるオゾンの自己分解連鎖反応を抑制して反応系でのオゾン濃度を高く維持し、且つ多様な活性ラジカルを多数生成させることにより、低濃度領域でもダイオキシン類を高い反応速度で分解することができる。従って、ダイオキシン類等の難分解性有機物を含む被処理水を経済的に且つ工業的レベルで処理することが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】促進酸化処理におけるダイオキシン類の濃度、TOC値及びpHの経時的な変化を示すグラフである。
【図2】促進酸化処理中に酢酸を添加したときのダイオキシン類の濃度の経時的な変化を、酢酸を添加しない場合と比較して示すグラフである。
【図3】本発明の第1実施形態を示す水処理装置の構成図である。
【図4】本発明の第2実施形態を示す水処理装置の構成図である。
【図5】本発明の第3実施形態を示す水処理装置の構成図である。
【符号の説明】
1 タンク
2 反応塔
3 オゾン注入器
4 pH測定器
5 紫外線ランプ
6 オゾン発生機[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a water treatment method and apparatus suitable for treating waste water containing dioxins from, for example, garbage incineration facilities and final disposal sites.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Dioxins that are highly toxic and hardly decomposable are abundant in smoke and ash effluents discharged from garbage incineration plants. Incinerated ash is discarded at the final disposal site, but dioxins gradually ooze out from the incinerated ash due to rainfall and the like, and there is a risk of mixing into groundwater. For this reason, the detoxification treatment of waste leachate, smoke washing drainage, and ash washing drainage containing dioxins has become a major technical issue in measures to prevent environmental pollution.
[0003]
Methods for detoxifying dioxins by decomposing them include thermal decomposition in an incinerator, decomposition with supercritical water, photolysis (ultraviolet rays, sunlight), chemical decomposition (ozone, hydrogen peroxide), and biodegradation by microorganisms. As a method for treating organic wastewater containing dioxins, oxidation promotion treatment using ozone, particularly ternary treatment combining ultraviolet rays, ozone and hydrogen peroxide is currently most effective. (For example, JP-A-7-108285 and JP-A-11-33570).
[0004]
In the ternary treatment of dioxins, photolysis by ultraviolet rays is combined with oxidative decomposition by hydroxy radicals generated by the combined use of ozone and hydrogen peroxide. In photolysis by ultraviolet rays, dioxin molecules are converted into ozone-sensitive compounds that are easily oxidatively decomposed by chemical reaction with ozone by dechlorination. When the ether bond is cleaved by ultraviolet irradiation, chlorinated phenyl is produced, but dechlorination of dioxins proceeds by ultraviolet irradiation. Furthermore, dechlorinated aromatic nuclei are opened by various radicals with high oxidative power generated by the combined use of ozone and hydrogen peroxide, etc., and ozone, which is converted into a less toxic biodegradable substance and is harmless. It becomes.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the ternary system treatment combining ultraviolet rays, ozone and hydrogen peroxide, the decomposition process of dioxins proceeds by such mechanism, and when the concentration of dioxins in the water to be treated is high, the reaction rate is relatively high. The decomposition process proceeds.
[0006]
However, when the decomposition treatment proceeds to a concentration of dioxins in the water to be treated of about 50 pg-TEQ / L, the decomposition rate rapidly decreases. Then, in order to further proceed the decomposition of dioxins, it is necessary to increase the reaction time and greatly increase the equipment scale, and the amount of chemicals used is enormous.
[0007]
Regarding the emission standards for dioxins, the wastewater standard value was recently established to be 10 pg-TEQ / L or less. On the other hand, as a resident consensus standard value for newly constructing a garbage incineration plant or final disposal site, a lower 1 pg-TEQ / L level, and in some cases, a 0.1 pg-TEQ / L level are required. . When the concentration of dioxins is reduced to such an extremely low level, an increase in reaction time, an increase in equipment scale, and an increase in the amount of chemicals used are very remarkable, which oxidizes wastewater containing dioxins. It has become a big problem when processing on an industrial scale due to accelerated reaction.
[0008]
An object of the present invention is to provide a water treatment method and apparatus capable of efficiently decomposing a hardly decomposable organic substance such as dioxins to a low concentration.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
By the way, when water to be treated containing dioxins is rendered harmless by ternary treatment, the wastewater contains not only dioxins but also a large amount of inorganic salt and a TOC component of several tens mg / L. Since ultraviolet rays, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide do not react selectively with dioxins, even if ternary processing is performed, the ultraviolet rays, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide are used for the decomposition of dioxins. Besides, it is often used for the decomposition of coexisting organic TOC components. As a result, before the dioxins are completely decomposed, the TOC component in the water to be treated is almost completely decomposed into carbon dioxide gas and water, and the TOC value that can be analyzed and measured is nearly zero.
[0010]
After the TOC component in the water to be treated is decomposed, it is expected that ultraviolet rays, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide react only with dioxins and the reaction efficiency increases. However, the fact is contrary to this, while the TOC component in the water to be treated is present, the decomposition treatment of dioxins also proceeds at a considerable speed in parallel, but when there is almost no TOC component in the water to be treated, Along with this, a completely different phenomenon was observed that the reaction rate of dioxins rapidly decreased.
[0011]
The present inventors paid attention to this phenomenon and conducted various experimental analyzes in order to pursue the cause, and as a result, came to know the following facts.
[0012]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing changes over time in the concentration, TOC value, and pH of dioxins when water to be treated containing dioxins is subjected to accelerated oxidation treatment. The ozone concentration and the hydrogen peroxide concentration are constant.
[0013]
As shown in the figure, the decomposition process proceeds rapidly until the concentration of dioxins in the water to be treated is about 50 pg-TEQ / L, but thereafter, the decomposition rate rapidly decreases. In addition, the pH of the water to be treated is initially neutral, and when accelerated oxidation proceeds, it shifts to the acidic side and decreases. When the decomposition reaction of dioxins slowed down and the pH started to increase, the TOC component being measured was almost consumed.
[0014]
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change with time in the concentration of dioxins when acetic acid is added during the treatment in comparison with the case where acetic acid is not added. The ozone concentration and the hydrogen peroxide concentration are constant.
[0015]
As shown in the figure, acetic acid was added to the water to be treated when the decomposition reaction of dioxins slowed down and the pH started to increase. As a result, the decomposition treatment was continued even after 50 pg-TEQ / L, and a high reaction rate was maintained up to a low concentration. When the amount of acetic acid added was appropriate, a high reaction rate was maintained, especially to a low concentration. Thus, the addition of acetic acid during the treatment efficiently decomposes dioxins to a very low concentration of 1 pg-TEQ / L or less as well as the 10 pg-TEQ / L level. The reason for this is explained as follows.
[0016]
In the accelerated oxidation treatment of water to be treated containing organic substances, the reaction shown in the following chemical formula 1 proceeds, and in addition to oxidative decomposition by ozone, strong decomposition by various generated radicals (reactive species) is performed. Is called.
[0017]
[Chemical formula 1]
Figure 0004811892
[0018]
As can be seen from the above chemical formula 1, in order to continue the accelerated oxidation reaction, ozone (O Three ) And hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) Is required, but at the same time acetic acid (CH Three COOH) is also required. Acetic acid (CH Three When COOH is deficient, ozone (O Three ) And hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) Does not sufficiently generate radicals other than hydroxy radicals (.OH).
[0019]
In accelerated oxidation treatment of water to be treated containing organic substances, this acetic acid (CH Three COOH) is supplied from the TOC component. For this reason, after the TOC component in the water to be treated is almost gone, various radicals are not generated even by the accelerated oxidation treatment combining ultraviolet rays, ozone and hydrogen peroxide, and the generated hydroxy radical (.OH ) Is consumed in the reaction between hydroxy radicals (.OH), and is consumed in the self-decomposition chain reaction of ozone, so the ozone concentration in the treatment system cannot be maintained high, and the efficiency of dioxins It becomes difficult to continue the disassembly process.
[0020]
However, in the accelerated oxidation of the liquid to be treated containing an organic substance, as shown in the following chemical formula 2, a large amount of hydroxy radicals (.OH) are not consumed ineffectively in the ozone chain decomposition reaction. It reacts with organic substances to produce various active species, and dioxins are efficiently decomposed by these. Furthermore, since the self-decomposition chain reaction of ozone is suppressed, the ozone concentration in the system is also maintained high, and more efficient decomposition becomes possible.
[0021]
[Chemical formula 2]
Figure 0004811892
[0022]
The present invention has been completed on the basis of such knowledge, and its water treatment method is a method for promoting oxidation of water to be treated containing a hardly decomposable organic substance by using at least two of ozone, ultraviolet rays and hydrogen peroxide. In the water treatment method to treat, Measure the pH of the water to be treated so that the measured pH is controlled below a predetermined value. Water to be treated contains an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid and / or an organic substance that is oxidized in the decomposition process to produce an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid. Thus, the residual TOC concentration in the treated water is maintained at 1 ng / L or more. Is.
[0023]
According to the water treatment method of the present invention, water to be treated containing dioxins can be efficiently subjected to accelerated oxidation treatment to 10 pg-TEQ / L or less, and further 1 pg-TEQ / L or less, further 0.1 pg- The accelerated oxidation treatment can be efficiently performed even to TEQ / L or less.
[0024]
That is, the aliphatic organic carboxylic acid (C n H 2n + 1 COOH) is oxidized by accelerated oxidation and peracid (C n H 2n + 1 Carboxy radical (C) by being decomposed via COOOH) n H 2n + 1 COO.) And a hydroxy radical (.OH) are generated (see the above formulas 7 and 8), and a carboxy radical (C n H 2n + 1 COO.) Is decarboxylated to produce an alkyl radical (C n H 2n + 1 .) (See the above formula 9). In addition, hydroxy radicals (.OH) that are produced in large quantities are extracted from carboxylic acids by extracting hydrogen from organic acid radicals (.C n H 2n COOH) is also generated (Formula 10). The various and many radicals thus generated chemically attack the hardly decomposable organic substances such as dioxins and decompose them without reducing the reaction rate.
[0025]
Rather than attacking and decomposing low-concentration organic substances with hydroxy radicals (.OH) and ozone-active species alone, various and many active species are generated by accelerated oxidation of coexisting organic components, making it difficult to decompose By decomposing the organic matter, the detoxification treatment can be performed efficiently and economically.
[0026]
As a method for containing an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid in the water to be treated, an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid is generally added from the outside. However, a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid such as acetic acid is added to the water to be treated by an accelerated oxidation reaction. If an organic substance that generates an acid is contained, it can be used. It is also possible to add an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid to the water to be treated by adding an organic substance that generates a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid such as acetic acid by the accelerated oxidation reaction from the outside to the water to be treated.
[0027]
As the aliphatic organic carboxylic acid, lower aliphatic carboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid are desirable, and acetic acid is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of economy.
[0028]
Examples of organic substances that can be promoted and oxidized to produce aliphatic carboxylic acids such as acetic acid include lower alcohols (mainly methanol, ethanol, IPA, ethylene glycol, etc.), aromatics (mainly toluene, various phenol derivatives, etc.), Mention may be made of ketones (mainly acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc.), aldehydes (mainly acetoaldehyde, propylene aldehyde, etc.) or ethers (mainly ethyl acetate, etc.). All of these produce a lower aliphatic carboxylic acid such as acetic acid by an accelerating reaction. Among them, IPA (isopropyl alcohol) and ethanol are preferable from the viewpoint of producing a lower aliphatic organic carboxylic acid via aldehyde.
[0029]
Incidentally, ethanol produces acetic acid by the reaction shown in Chemical Formula 3. Methanol produces formic acid by the reaction shown in Chemical Formula 4. In either case, a lower aliphatic organic carboxylic acid is produced by a promoted oxidation reaction, and an oxidizing agent such as ozone is consumed in the process. For this reason, the utilization efficiency of an oxidizing agent can be improved by containing an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid directly without passing through these organic substances.
[0030]
[Chemical formula 3]
Figure 0004811892
[0031]
[Chemical formula 4]
Figure 0004811892
[0032]
The amount of the aliphatic organic carboxylic acid added is related to the concentration of the difficult-to-decompose organic substances such as dioxins to be decomposed and the TOC value in the water to be treated, but there is an amount necessary for almost decomposing the hardly-decomposable organic substances. What is necessary is just to add excess and an extra process will be needed for decomposition | disassembly of a TOC component. From this viewpoint, the amount added is required to be 1 ng / L or more in terms of the residual TOC concentration in the water to be treated, preferably 1 μg / L or more, and more preferably 1 mg / L or more. The upper limit of the residual TOC concentration is preferably 30 mg / L or less, more preferably 10 mg / L or less.
[0033]
The accelerated oxidation treatment may be a binary treatment that combines ultraviolet and ozone, ultraviolet and hydrogen peroxide, or ozone and hydrogen peroxide, but a binary treatment that includes ozone is preferred, and ultraviolet, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide. A ternary treatment in which is combined is particularly preferred.
[0034]
The ozone gas used for the accelerated oxidation treatment has an ozone concentration of 120 g / Nm. Three The above high-concentration ozone gas is preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity.
[0035]
As the ultraviolet lamp used for the accelerated oxidation treatment, a high-output low-pressure mercury lamp having a UV-C output of 0.4 W / cm or more is preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity.
[0036]
The water pressure in the accelerated oxidation treatment is preferably 0.05 MPa or more from the viewpoint of reactivity. If the water pressure is too low, the moving speed and solubility of ozone in the water to be treated are reduced, and 1 MPa or less is preferable in practical use.
[0037]
Further, the water treatment apparatus of the present invention includes a treatment system for promoting oxidation treatment of water to be treated containing an organic substance using at least two of ozone, ultraviolet rays, and hydrogen peroxide, and a treatment within the treatment system. An injection system for injecting into the water an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid and / or an organic substance (for example, a lower aliphatic alcohol) that is oxidized in the decomposition process to produce an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid. The injection system has means for measuring the pH of the water to be treated and is used to generate an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid and / or an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid so that the measured pH is controlled to a predetermined value or less. Inject organics .
[0038]
By injecting into the water to be treated for accelerated oxidation, an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid and / or an organic substance (for example, a lower aliphatic alcohol) that is oxidized in the decomposition process to produce an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid As described above, the efficient reaction is sustained.
[0039]
The injection system has a configuration in which an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid and / or an organic material for producing an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid (for example, a lower aliphatic alcohol) is injected upstream of the accelerated oxidation treatment unit in the processing system. To preferred.
[0040]
The injection system also has means for measuring the pH of the water to be treated, and generates an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid and / or an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid so that the measured pH is controlled below a predetermined value. For injecting organic materials (for example, lower aliphatic alcohols) Is . As described above, the time when the pH of the water to be treated starts to increase and the time when the TOC component in the water to be treated is almost consumed correspond approximately do it Yes. By managing the pH of the water to be treated, the TOC concentration can be maintained within a predetermined range without managing the TOC concentration in the water to be treated, thereby simplifying the apparatus configuration.
[0041]
The pH control value is preferably 6.5 or less, particularly preferably 6 or less. A high pH value represents a state in which the TOC component in the water to be treated is almost decomposed and does not exist, and the decomposition rate of dioxins is lowered. The lower limit of the pH value is preferably 5 or more. If it is less than this, the organic substance density | concentration in to-be-processed water is large, and a lot of active species are consumed for decomposition | disassembly of a TOC component.
[0042]
The reason why the residual TOC concentration in the water to be treated is reflected in the pH value is as follows. The TOC component in the water to be treated is oxidatively decomposed to change into an organic acid, and the pH is lowered by the generation of hydrogen chloride by dechlorination of dioxins. However, the TOC component is completely decomposed into carbon dioxide gas and water, and hydrogen chloride is not generated due to a significant decrease in the decomposition rate of dioxins, so that the pH of the water to be treated increases.
[0043]
The treatment system may be configured to treat the water to be treated in a closed loop or a treatment in an open loop. When circulating in a closed loop, part of the water to be treated can be discharged as treated water while being circulated.
[0044]
The treatment system may also have a configuration in which an accelerating oxidation portion is provided on the upstream side and the downstream side of the injection portion of the aliphatic organic carboxylic acid and / or the organic material for producing the aliphatic organic carboxylic acid (for example, lower aliphatic alcohol). it can. This configuration is particularly effective when the water to be treated is treated in an open loop.
[0045]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0046]
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of the water treatment apparatus showing the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0047]
The water treatment apparatus according to the first embodiment includes a tank 1 that accommodates water to be treated containing dioxins. The water to be treated in the tank 1 is circulated to the reaction tower 2 by a pump (not shown). An ozone injector 3 is provided in the path from the tank 1 to the reaction tower 2, and a pH measuring device 4 is provided in the path from the reaction tower 2 to the tank 1. The reaction tower 2 is provided with an ultraviolet lamp 5, and irradiates the water to be treated in the tower with ultraviolet rays. The ozone injector 3 includes an ejector and the like, and injects high-concentration ozone gas generated by the ozone generator 6 into the water to be treated.
[0048]
In the water treatment apparatus of the first embodiment, the water to be treated containing dioxins is subjected to accelerated oxidation treatment as follows.
[0049]
To-be-treated water derived from the tank 1 is added with hydrogen peroxide, then injected with high-concentration ozone gas by the ozone injector 3 and irradiated with ultraviolet rays by the reaction tower 2, thereby promoting ternary accelerated oxidation. Return to tank 1 after processing. By repeating this, the TOC component in the for-treatment water is decomposed. At the same time, dioxins are also decomposed at a high reaction rate in the presence of the TOC component.
[0050]
As the TOC component in the for-treatment water decreases, the pH value of the for-treatment water decreases. When the TOC component is substantially decomposed, the pH value starts to increase, and at the same time, the decomposition rate of dioxins also decreases rapidly. Therefore, in this embodiment, the pH value of the water to be treated is measured by the pH measuring device 4 that returns from the reaction tower 2 to the tank 1, and the pH value is maintained at 6.5 or less, preferably 6 or less. For example, acetic acid as an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid is added to the water to be treated in the tank 1.
[0051]
Thereby, the residual TOC concentration in the for-treatment water is maintained at 1 ng / L or more, particularly preferably 1 mg / L or more. As a result, dioxins continue to be decomposed at a high reaction rate even after the concentration of dioxins in the water to be treated becomes low. Therefore, dioxins in the water to be treated are efficiently decomposed to an extremely low concentration.
[0052]
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a water treatment apparatus showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
[0053]
The water treatment device of the second embodiment is a closed loop circulation treatment device, similar to the water treatment device of the first embodiment, and the water treatment device of the first embodiment uses part of the water to be treated as treated water. The difference is that it is extracted from the reaction tower 2, the water to be treated is supplied to the tank 1 along with this extraction, and the aliphatic organic carboxylic acid is added upstream of the ozone injector 3.
[0054]
That is, the water treatment apparatus of the first embodiment is a circulation type batch treatment apparatus, whereas the water treatment apparatus of the second embodiment is a circulation type continuous treatment apparatus.
[0055]
Also in the water treatment apparatus of the second embodiment, for example, acetic acid as an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid is added to the water to be treated so that the pH value of the water to be treated is maintained at 6.5 or less, preferably 6 or less. As a result, the residual TOC concentration in the water to be treated is maintained at 1 ng / L or more, particularly preferably 1 mg / L or more, and as a result, dioxins in the water to be treated are efficiently decomposed to an extremely low concentration.
[0056]
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a water treatment apparatus showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
[0057]
Unlike the water treatment device of the first embodiment and the water treatment device of the second embodiment, the water treatment device of the third embodiment is an open loop system.
[0058]
In this water treatment apparatus, the water to be treated passes through the first ozone injector 3a, the first reaction tower 2a, the second ozone injector 3b, the second reaction tower 2b, and the pH measuring device 4 in order to obtain treated water. It is released. The first ozone injector 3a and the second ozone injector 3b are composed of an ejector or the like, and inject high-concentration ozone gas generated by the ozone generator 6 into the water to be treated. The 1st reaction tower 2a and the 2nd reaction tower 2b are provided with ultraviolet lamps 5a and 5b, respectively, and irradiate ultraviolet rays to the treated water in each tower. Hydrogen peroxide is added on each upstream side of the first ozone injector 3a and the second ozone injector 3b. The aliphatic organic carboxylic acid is added on the upstream side of the second ozone injector 3b.
[0059]
The water to be treated continuously introduced from outside the system is subjected to the first stage accelerated oxidation treatment in the first reaction tower 2a. Thereby, the TOC component and dioxins in to-be-processed water reduce. The treated water that has undergone the first stage accelerated oxidation process is subsequently subjected to the second stage accelerated oxidation process in the second reaction tower 2b, whereby the TOC component in the treated water is almost completely removed. If this is left as it is, decomposition of dioxins in a low concentration region does not proceed. Therefore, the pH of the treated water discharged from the second reaction column 2b is measured by the pH measuring device 4, and the measured value of the first reaction column 2a is maintained at 6.5 or less, preferably 6 or less. For example, acetic acid as an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid is added to the water to be treated on the downstream side.
[0060]
Thereby, in the 2nd reaction tower 2b, the residual TOC density | concentration in to-be-processed water is maintained at 1 ng / L or more, Most preferably, it is 1 mg / L or more. As a result, even after the concentration of dioxins in the water to be treated becomes low, the dioxins continue to be decomposed at a high reaction rate. Therefore, dioxins in the water to be treated are efficiently decomposed to an extremely low concentration.
[0061]
In Embodiments 1 to 3, ozone gas is injected on the upstream side of the reaction tower, but ozone gas can also be injected in the reaction tower using an air diffuser. In addition, hydrogen peroxide can be added, pH can be measured, and aliphatic organic carboxylic acid can be added to the water to be treated in the reaction tower.
[0062]
Further, instead of adding the aliphatic organic carboxylic acid, or in addition to the addition of the aliphatic organic carboxylic acid, organic substances such as lower alcohols which are oxidized by oxidation to produce the aliphatic carboxylic acid can be added.
[0063]
【Example】
60 L of waste leachate (initial pH 7.3, initial TOC 10 mg / L) at the final landfill site to which dioxin reagent was added so that the dioxin concentration was 10,000 pg-TEQ / L was transferred from the tank to the UV reaction tower (with UV output of 170 W, 170 W). An accelerated oxidation treatment was performed by continuously circulating a UV lamp, a main wavelength of 254 nm, and a reaction tower volume of 10 L at a flow rate of 10 L / min. The ozone gas is 250 g / m with a high-pressure ejector provided on the inlet side of the UV reaction tower. Three (N) high concentration ozone gas was injected at 0.2 Mpa and 0.5 L / min (N). The ozone absorption efficiency was almost 100%.
[0064]
One hour after the start of the accelerated oxidation reaction, the concentration of dioxins in the water to be treated decreased to 50 pg-TEQ / L, and at this point, the TOC value became almost zero. The decomposition rate was 99.5%, and the pH of the water to be treated was 6.5. Thereafter, the decomposition rate of dioxins rapidly decreases and becomes 20 pg-TEQ / L (pH 7.0) after 2 hours from the start of the accelerated oxidation reaction, and becomes 10 pg-TEQ / L (pH 7.3) after 4 hours. The decomposition reaction hardly progressed, and it was substantially difficult to decompose to 1 pg-TEQ / L.
[0065]
Therefore, 1 hour after the start of the accelerated oxidation reaction, 30 mg / L of acetic acid was added to the water to be treated which has almost no TOC component and the pH tends to rise, and the reaction was continued at pH 5. The TOC value increased to 16 mg / L. Then, 2 hours after the start of the accelerated oxidation reaction, the concentration of dioxins in the water to be treated decreased to 0.1 pg-TEQ / L or less.
[0066]
Although the said Example is the binary system process which combined the ultraviolet-ray and ozone, also in the ternary system process which combined the ultraviolet-ray, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide, it is effective as follows.
[0067]
In the above example, along with the addition of ozone, the accelerated oxidation treatment was performed while adding 3.75 g / h of hydrogen peroxide corresponding to 1/4 weight of the amount of ozone. The concentration of dioxins was 40 pg-TEQ / L after 1 hour from the start of the accelerated oxidation reaction, 20 pg-TEQ / L (pH 7.0) after 2 hours, and 10 pg-TEQ / L (pH 7.3) after 4 hours. The decomposition rate rapidly decreased after 1 hour. Moreover, the TOC value became almost 0 in 1 hour.
[0068]
Therefore, after 1 hour from the start of the accelerated oxidation reaction, 30 mg / L of acetic acid was added to the water to be treated having almost no TOC component, and the accelerated oxidation reaction was continued. Two hours after the start of the accelerated oxidation reaction, the concentration of dioxins in the water to be treated decreased to 0.1 pg-TEQ / L or less.
[0069]
In addition, 1 hour after the start of the accelerated acid treatment, instead of adding acetic acid to the water to be treated whose TOC component is almost gone and the pH tends to rise, 30 mg / L of ethanol is added as an acetic acid-generating organic substance, and the reaction is performed. Continued. The TOC value increased to 31 mg / L. Then, 3 hours after the start of the accelerated oxidation reaction, the concentration of dioxins in the water to be treated decreased to 0.1 pg-TEQ / L or less.
[0070]
Further, 1 hour after the start of the accelerated acid treatment, instead of adding acetic acid to the water to be treated in which almost no TOC component was present, 30 mg / L of methanol was added as a formic acid-generating organic substance, and the reaction was continued. The TOC value increased to 45 mg / L. Then, 3 hours and 30 minutes after the start of the accelerated oxidation reaction, the concentration of dioxins in the water to be treated decreased to 0.1 pg-TEQ / L or less.
[0071]
Thus, by carrying out the reaction by adding the aliphatic organic carboxylic acid directly or indirectly via an organic substance in the accelerated oxidation step, the decomposition rate of dioxins is significantly improved. This is because, even in the later stage of the accelerated oxidation process in which the TOC component is deficient, the aliphatic organic carboxylic acid decomposes via peracid to generate carboxy radicals and hydroxy radicals, and further decarboxylates to methyl radicals. It is considered that the hydroxy radicals generated in this process extract hydrogen from the methyl group of acetic acid to generate acetic acid radicals, and the dioxins decomposition reaction was accelerated by the various and large amounts of radicals generated by such a mechanism.
[0072]
In the first stage of the accelerated oxidation process, the TOC component in the water to be treated is oxidatively decomposed to form acetic acid, and ozone is consumed by the TOC component while the TOC component is present. It is considered that the decomposition reaction of dioxins proceeds at a considerable rate. For this reason, a sufficient amount of ozone is required to continue the decomposition reaction. From this point, high-concentration ozone gas is very effective, particularly 200 g / m as used in the examples. Three (N) The above super high concentration ozone gas is preferable.
[0073]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the water treatment method and apparatus of the present invention prevents an extreme decrease in the reaction rate that occurs in a low concentration region, which is a problem in the accelerated oxidation treatment of water to be treated containing a hardly decomposable organic substance such as dioxins. Therefore, the concentration of ozone in the reaction system is kept high by suppressing the self-decomposition chain reaction of ozone due to hydroxy radicals (.OH) that become prominent in this region, and by generating a large number of various active radicals, Dioxins can be decomposed at a high reaction rate even in the region. Therefore, it becomes possible to treat the to-be-treated water containing a hardly decomposable organic substance such as dioxins at an economical and industrial level.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing changes in dioxins concentration, TOC value, and pH over time in accelerated oxidation treatment.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes with time in the concentration of dioxins when acetic acid is added during the accelerated oxidation treatment, as compared with the case where acetic acid is not added.
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a water treatment device showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a water treatment device showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a water treatment device showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 tank
2 reaction tower
3 Ozone injector
4 pH meter
5 UV lamp
6 Ozone generator

Claims (12)

難分解性有機物を含む被処理水を、オゾン、紫外線及び過酸化水素のうちの少なくとも2つを用いて促進酸化処理する水処理方法において、被処理水のpHを測定し、測定されたpHが所定値以下に管理されるように、脂肪族有機カルボン酸及び/又は分解過程において酸化されて脂肪族有機カルボン酸を生成する有機物を被処理水に含有させることにより、被処理水中の残留TOC濃度を1ng/L以上に維持することを特徴とする水処理方法。In a water treatment method in which water to be treated containing a hardly decomposable organic substance is subjected to accelerated oxidation treatment using at least two of ozone, ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide, the pH of the water to be treated is measured, and the measured pH is Residual TOC concentration in the water to be treated by allowing the water to be treated to contain an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid and / or an organic substance that is oxidized in the decomposition process to produce an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid so as to be controlled below a predetermined value. Is maintained at 1 ng / L or more . ダイオキシン類を含む被処理水を、オゾン、紫外線及び過酸化水素のうちの少なくとも2つを用いて10pg−TEQ/L以下に促進酸化処理する水処理方法において、被処理水のpHを測定し、測定されたpHが所定値以下に管理されるように、脂肪族有機カルボン酸及び/又は分解過程において酸化されて脂肪族有機カルボン酸を生成する有機物を被処理水に含有させることにより、被処理水中の残留TOC濃度を1ng/L以上に維持することを特徴とする水処理方法。In a water treatment method in which water to be treated containing dioxins is accelerated and oxidized to 10 pg-TEQ / L or less using at least two of ozone, ultraviolet light and hydrogen peroxide, the pH of the water to be treated is measured, as measured pH is managed below a predetermined value, by incorporating oxidized in aliphatic organic carboxylic acids and / or degradation processes organic matter to produce an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid to the water to be treated, the treated A water treatment method characterized by maintaining a residual TOC concentration in water at 1 ng / L or more . 被処理水のpH値を6.5以下に管理する請求項1又は2に記載の水処理方法。The water treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pH value of the water to be treated is controlled to 6.5 or less . 促進酸化処理に、オゾン濃度が120g/Nm3 以上の高濃度オゾンガスを用いる請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の水処理方法。The water treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a high-concentration ozone gas having an ozone concentration of 120 g / Nm 3 or more is used for the accelerated oxidation treatment. 促進酸化処理に、紫外線ランプとしてUV−C出力が0.4W/cm以上の高出力低圧水銀ランプを用いる請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の水処理方法。The water treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a high-output low-pressure mercury lamp having a UV-C output of 0.4 W / cm or more is used as the ultraviolet lamp for the accelerated oxidation treatment. 促進酸化処理における水圧を0.05MPa以上とする請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の水処理方法。The water treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the water pressure in the accelerated oxidation treatment is 0.05 MPa or more. 前記分解過程において酸化されて脂肪族有機カルボン酸を生成する有機物は、低級アルコール類、芳香族類、ケトン類、アルデヒト類又はエーテル類である請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の水処理方法。The water treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the organic substance that is oxidized in the decomposition process to produce an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid is a lower alcohol, an aromatic, a ketone, an aldehyde, or an ether. . 有機物質を含む被処理水を、オゾン、紫外線及び過酸化水素のうちの少なくとも2つを用いて促進酸化処理する処理系と、該処理系内の被処理水に、脂肪族有機カルボン酸及び/又は分解過程において酸化されて脂肪族有機カルボン酸を生成する有機物を注入する注入系とを具備しており、前記注入系は、被処理水のpHを測定する手段を有すると共に、測定されたpHが所定値以下に管理されるように、脂肪族有機カルボン酸及び/又は脂肪族有機カルボン酸生成用有機物の注入を行うことを特徴とする水処理装置。A treatment system in which water to be treated containing an organic substance is subjected to accelerated oxidation treatment using at least two of ozone, ultraviolet light, and hydrogen peroxide, and the water to be treated in the treatment system includes aliphatic organic carboxylic acid and / or Or an injection system for injecting an organic substance that is oxidized in the decomposition process to produce an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid, and the injection system has a means for measuring the pH of the water to be treated, and the measured pH The water treatment apparatus is characterized by injecting an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid and / or an organic material for producing an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid so that the water content is controlled to a predetermined value or less . 前記注入系は、前記処理系における促進酸化処理部の上流側で脂肪族有機カルボン酸及び/又は脂肪族有機カルボン酸生成用有機物を注入する請求項8に記載の水処理装置。The water treatment apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the injection system injects an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid and / or an organic material for generating an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid upstream of the accelerated oxidation treatment unit in the treatment system. 前記処理系は、被処理水を閉ループ又は開ループで処理する請求項8に記載の水処理装置。The water treatment apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the treatment system treats water to be treated in a closed loop or an open loop. 前記処理系は、脂肪族有機カルボン酸及び/又は脂肪族有機カルボン酸生成用有機物の注入部の上流側及び下流側に促進酸化部を有する請求項8に記載の水処理装置。The water treatment apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the treatment system has an accelerating oxidation portion on the upstream side and the downstream side of the injection portion of the aliphatic organic carboxylic acid and / or the organic material for generating the aliphatic organic carboxylic acid. 前記分解過程において酸化されて脂肪族有機カルボン酸を生成する有機物は、低級アルコール類、芳香族類、ケトン類、アルデヒト類又はエーテル類である請求項8に記載の水処理装置。The water treatment apparatus according to claim 8 , wherein the organic substance that is oxidized in the decomposition process to produce an aliphatic organic carboxylic acid is a lower alcohol, an aromatic, a ketone, an aldehyde, or an ether.
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