JP4836101B2 - Carbonization equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a carbonization apparatus for carbonizing a combustible organic material such as wood or bamboo.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Combustible organic materials such as wood and bamboo burn incompletely and carbonize when heated to high temperatures with thin air. Since the carbonization chamber that performs carbonization may be ruptured by gas generated during carbonization if it is completely sealed, a chimney is provided in the carbonization chamber for exhaust to avoid this.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
If the temperature in the carbonization chamber falls during the carbonization process, the pressure in the carbonization chamber may become negative (below atmospheric pressure). If it does so, air will flow into a carbonization chamber from a chimney, a slight gap of a wall surface, etc., and combustible organic matter will burn in earnest. This is not only difficult to obtain carbide but also dangerous. The inside of the carbonization chamber can not be seen from the outside, you can only judge by looking at the state of the smoke from the chimney, you must constantly observe the state of the smoke and be careful not to let the air flow excessively It was.
[0004]
An object of this invention is to provide the carbonization apparatus which can prevent the inflow of the air into a carbonization chamber, and can obtain a carbide | carbonized_material safely and easily with a high yield.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a carbonization apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a carbonization chamber that accommodates a raw material and a high-temperature heat storage tank that generates superheated steam, and overheats between the carbonization chamber and the high-temperature heat storage tank through a pipe. There is a positive pressure maintaining means for supplying water or incombustible gas when the pressure in the carbonization chamber or piping becomes negative pressure in the middle of the piping connecting the carbonization chamber or the carbonization chamber and the high-temperature heat storage tank, with steam circulating It is characterized by that . According to this carbonization apparatus, since the pressure in the carbonization chamber can always be maintained at a positive pressure, air does not flow into the carbonization chamber, and as a result, carbide can be obtained safely and easily with a high yield. As the nonflammable gas, carbon dioxide or nitrogen is preferably used. Using water can lower the cost, but water can be used when the temperature in the carbonization chamber is 100 ° C. or higher. The temperature may be detected together with the pressure in the carbonization chamber, and either water or nonflammable gas may be selectively supplied depending on the temperature in the carbonization chamber. Moreover, according to this carbonization apparatus, since each water molecule of superheated steam emits far infrared rays, raw materials such as wood and bamboo can be heated uniformly in a short time, and fuel costs can be kept low. The high temperature heat storage tank is described in detail in Japanese Patent Application No. 10-271061 filed earlier by the same applicant, but the heat storage material is heated with an electric heater, and the water supplied to the heat transfer tube with the heat storage material is used. Heats and generates superheated steam .
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an outline of a carbonization apparatus according to the present invention. This carbonization apparatus includes a carbonization chamber 2 that encloses and stores a raw material 1 such as wood, and a high-temperature heat storage tank 6 that generates superheated steam, and connects the carbonization chamber 2 and the high-temperature heat storage tank 6 by a pipe 7. The superheated steam generated in 6 is circulated, and the raw material 1 is carbonized by the heat of the superheated steam.
[0008]
An electric heater 8 and a heat transfer tube 9 are disposed inside the high-temperature heat storage tank 6 and filled with a heat storage material 10. The heat storage material 10 includes a solid heat storage material such as magnesia and magnetite, and a liquid heat storage material in which three types of nitrates such as sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, and potassium nitrate are mixed. The heat transfer tube 9 is connected to a pipe 7 that communicates with the carbonization chamber 2. A blower 14 is provided in the middle of the pipe 7 between the high-temperature heat storage tank 10 and the carbonization chamber 2, thereby circulating steam.
[0009]
The carbonization chamber 2 is formed in a substantially sealed state, and superheated steam is introduced into the inside by a pipe 7. The superheated steam inlet may be divided into a plurality. The carbonization chamber 2 is provided with an exhaust means 16 for escaping gas generated by the carbonization reaction. The exhaust means 16 communicates with the carbonization chamber 2 and is provided with an exhaust path 18, a retention chamber 20 is provided at the tip of the exhaust path via a valve 19, and the recovery chamber collects the extract liquefied by cooling the gas. 21 and a chimney 22 for releasing the remaining gas into the atmosphere. An extract is a wood vinegar solution when the raw material is wood, and a bamboo vinegar solution when it is bamboo, and these can be effectively used as agricultural pest control agents.
[0010]
Positive pressure maintaining means 15 is provided on the windward side of the blower 14. As shown in FIG. 2, the positive pressure maintaining means 15 includes a pressure sensor 3 for measuring the pressure in the pipe 7, a temperature sensor 17 for measuring the temperature in the pipe 7, a tank for water 4 and incombustible gas 5, and both tanks. And solenoid valves A and B for opening and closing the supply path leading to the pipe 7. When the value of the temperature sensor 17 is 100 ° C. or higher and the pressure sensor 3 detects negative pressure, the electromagnetic valve A is opened and water 4 is supplied into the pipe 7. As a result, the amount of superheated steam circulating increases, the pressure in the carbonizing chamber 2 increases, and the inflow of air into the carbonizing chamber 2 can be prevented. When the value of the temperature sensor 17 is 100 ° C. or less and the pressure sensor 3 detects a negative pressure, the solenoid valve B is opened to supply the nonflammable gas 5 into the pipe 7. This also increases the pressure in the carbonization chamber 2 and prevents the inflow of air into the carbonization chamber 2. Since the inside of the pipe 7 on the windward side of the blower 14 is the place where the pressure is lowest, if the pressure is maintained at a positive pressure, the inside of the carbonizing chamber 2 can also be maintained at a positive pressure.
[0011]
The operation procedure of this carbonizer is briefly described below. First, after opening the door (not shown) of the carbonization chamber 2 and arranging the wood 1 inside, the door is closed. The valve 19 in the exhaust path is initially closed. The electric heater 8 of the high-temperature heat storage tank 6 is energized to store heat until the heat storage material 10 reaches about 450 ° C. When the blower 14 is operated, hot air is sent to the carbonization chamber 2, and the temperature inside the carbonization chamber 2 is 300 to 400 ° C. with almost no oxygen, so that the wood 1 undergoes a carbonization reaction. Further, moisture evaporates from the wood 1, and this steam is heated in a high-temperature heat storage tank and circulates as superheated steam, thereby promoting the carbonization reaction of the wood 1. At this time, the inside of the carbonization chamber 2 becomes positive pressure, and the gas generated by opening the valve 19 of the exhaust passage 18 is released from the exhaust means 16, and at the same time, the pyroligneous acid liquid is recovered by the recovery means 21. Since the inside of the carbonization chamber 2 is maintained at a positive pressure by the action of the positive pressure maintaining means 15 described above, air does not flow into the carbonization chamber 2 from the exhaust means 16 and the carbonization proceeds well. When the carbonization is completed after a predetermined time has elapsed, the apparatus is stopped, and the carbide is taken out from the carbonization chamber 2 when it is sufficiently cooled. The degree of carbonization can be judged from the color and amount of gas from the chimney and the pyroligneous acid solution.
[0012]
The carbonization apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above. The positive pressure maintaining means 15 may be provided in the carbonization chamber 2 or at another position in the middle of the pipe 7. The carbonization chamber 2 may be directly heated by a gas burner or an electric heater. The carbonization apparatus is not limited to wood and bamboo, and can carbonize any combustible organic matter and can be used for waste disposal.
[0013]
【The invention's effect】
The carbonization apparatus according to claim 1 can prevent the inflow of air into the carbonization chamber without causing the negative pressure in the carbonization chamber by the action of the positive pressure maintaining means. Therefore, a certain quality carbide can be produced safely and easily with a high yield. Furthermore, the carbonization apparatus according to claim 1 can efficiently carbonize by heating raw materials such as wood and bamboo in a short time with overheated steam.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an outline of a carbonization apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a configuration of positive pressure maintaining means provided in the carbonization chamber.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Wood (raw material)
2 Carbonization chamber 3 Pressure sensor 4 Water 5 Nonflammable gas 6 High-temperature heat storage tank 7 Piping 15 Positive pressure maintaining means

Claims (1)

A carbonization chamber (2) that contains the raw material (1) and a high-temperature heat storage tank (6) that generates superheated steam, and the superheated steam circulates between the carbonization chamber and the high-temperature heat storage tank through the pipe (7). Alternatively, positive pressure maintaining means (15) for supplying water (4) or non-combustible gas (5) when the pressure in the carbonization chamber or the piping becomes negative pressure in the middle of the piping connecting the carbonization chamber and the high-temperature heat storage tank. A carbonization device comprising:

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