JP4839192B2 - Electrical component connection structure and vehicle lamp - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is, for example, a connection structure for an electrical component having a lead terminal such as an LED (light emitting diode), a resistor, or a capacitor used in a vehicle lamp such as a turn signal lamp, a side lamp or a side marker lamp attached to a vehicle, The present invention also relates to a vehicular lamp using the connection structure of the electric parts.

  As the vehicle lamp described above, for example, an LED (light emitting diode) attached to a printed circuit board or the like is applicable (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The LED is attached, for example, by electrically connecting a lead terminal of the LED to a printed board. And when comprising a vehicle lamp, the reflection member which reflects the light emitted from LED and the light which injected from the outside may be used.

  By the way, a turn signal lamp incorporated in a door mirror is known as one of vehicular lamps. Conventionally, the configuration of the turn signal lamp is shown in Conventional Example 1 shown in FIG. 9 and Conventional Example 2 shown in FIG. Are generally used.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the turn signal lamp of the conventional example 1 has a stainless plate 102 serving as a reflection member and a wiring disposed between the housing 100 of the door mirror and the lens 101 arranged on the front side thereof as the substrate. The LED 103 is arranged on the front side (the lens 101 side) of the stainless steel plate 102, and the lead terminal 104 is electrically connected to the stainless steel plate 102.

On the other hand, the turn signal lamp of the above-described conventional example 2 is arranged between the housing 100 and the lens 101 disposed on the front side thereof as shown in FIG. The lead terminal 112 of the LED 111 is electrically connected to the substrate 110, and the reflecting member 113 is configured to reflect light toward the front side on the front side of the printed circuit board 110.
JP 2001-35210 A

  By the way, the lead terminal of the LED is electrically connected to the stainless steel plate 102 by caulking or welding in the case of the conventional example 1, and is electrically connected to the printed circuit board 110 by welding in the case of the conventional example 2.

  However, when caulking is used for electrical connection of LED lead terminals, for example, a caulking part for connecting to the lead terminal is required for the stainless steel plate, and the caulking part is bent and firmly connected to the lead terminal. It is also troublesome because it requires caulking work. On the other hand, when welding is used for electrical connection of LED lead terminals, solder is required, and a solder application machine for applying solder, a mounter for mounting LEDs, and soldering by applying heat. Therefore, equipment such as a reflow apparatus and a process for performing work by these equipment are required, and it is difficult to reduce the cost.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and can be used for electrical connection and vehicle construction that can easily make electrical connections and reduce costs. The purpose is to provide a lamp.

An electrical component connection structure according to claim 1 of the present invention is an electrical component connection structure in a vehicular lamp, in which the electrical component having a lead terminal protruding from the electrical component body and the electrical component body are mounted. has a mounting portion on one side opposite to the first resin plate having a through-hole Ru are inserted the lead terminals other to one of one side is formed on the mounting portion, the electrical component body of the first resin plate a second resin sheet that will be placed in, has a wiring pattern layer formed on the first resin plate side of the second resin plate side or the second resin plate of the first resin plate, a first resin plate And a first bent portion that protrudes or opens toward the second resin plate at the location where the through hole is formed, and the second resin plate protrudes toward the first resin plate. The first bent portion and the second bent portion are the above-mentioned lead terminals. The through hole insertion portion that is a portion that has passed through the through hole is sandwiched in a state where the through hole insertion portion is bent along the first bent portion, and the wiring pattern formed in the sandwiched portion is The through hole insertion portion is electrically connected .

Connection structure of an electrical component according to claim 2 of the present invention, in the connection structure of an electrical component according to claim 1, wherein the first resin plate, projecting toward the second resin plate side, the first bending A convex portion as a portion, the mounting portion provided on the opposite side to the second resin plate of the convex portion, and the through hole provided in the mounting portion, while the second resin plate is intended to the convex portion is fitted into the inner part has a recess as the second bent portion peripherally-surrounded by the first resin plate side wall portion formed to project into the recess and which The convex portion inserted into the through hole sandwiches the through hole insertion portion in a state where the through hole insertion portion is bent along the convex portion, and on the concave portion side of the convex portion or the convex portion side of the concave portion. The through hole insertion portion is electrically connected to the formed wiring pattern film .

The electrical component connection structure according to claim 3 of the present invention is the electrical component connection structure according to claim 1, wherein the first resin plate opens toward the second resin plate. which has a concave groove as bent portion, wherein the through holes provided in the mounting portion is formed in the direction transverse to the concave groove, whereas, the second resin plate, so as to go oN Ri in the concave groove It has a protruding portion as the second bent portion that is formed to protrude toward the first resin plate , and the concave groove and the protruding portion that has entered the through-hole inserting portion are referred to as the through-hole inserting portion. The through hole insertion portion is electrically connected to the wiring pattern film formed between the concave groove and the outside of the protruding portion, and is sandwiched in a state of being bent along the concave groove .

The electrical component connection structure according to claim 4 of the present invention is the electrical component connection structure according to claim 1, wherein the first resin plate is provided on the side opposite to the second resin plate. Yes and parts, said through-hole provided in the vicinity portion of the mounting portion, protruding toward said the second resin plate side to the second resin sheet, and a first protrusion as the first bent part and, on the other hand, the second resin plate, relative to the first protrusion, which protrudes into the relative closer distance to overlap with a gap first resin plate for clamping the lead terminal, the second The first protrusion and the second protrusion overlapped with the second protrusion as a second bent portion are formed by bending the through-hole insertion portion along the first protrusion. The first protrusion of the second protrusion or the second protrusion side of the first protrusion Characterized by electrically connecting said through-hole through portion to the wiring pattern layer formed on a side.

  A vehicular lamp according to a fifth aspect of the present invention includes the electrical component connecting structure according to any one of the first to fourth aspects.

  In the electrical component connection structure according to the first aspect of the present invention, the electrical component main body is mounted on the mounting portion of the first resin plate, and the lead terminal is inserted through the through hole of the first resin plate. To the side. And if the 1st resin board and the 2nd resin board are made to approach relatively, the penetration hole of a lead terminal between the 1st bent part of the 1st resin board, and the 2nd bent part of the 2nd resin board The insertion portion is bent and sandwiched, whereby the lead terminal is electrically connected to the wiring pattern film. Therefore, since caulking or soldering is not required, electrical connection can be easily performed. Further, since a printed circuit board is not used, facilities such as a solder application machine, a mounter, and a reflow device, and a process for performing work using these facilities are not required, and the cost can be reduced.

  In the case of the electrical component connection structure according to claim 2 of the present invention, when the first resin plate and the second resin plate are brought relatively close to each other, the convex portion which is the first bent portion of the first resin plate is formed. The second resin plate is inserted into a recess that is the second bent portion. Thereby, the through hole insertion portion of the lead terminal is bent and sandwiched between the convex portion and the concave portion, and the lead terminal is electrically connected to the wiring pattern film.

  In the case of the electrical component connection structure according to claim 3 of the present invention, when the first resin plate and the second resin plate are brought relatively close to each other, the concave groove that is the first bent portion of the first resin plate is formed. The protruding portion which is the second bent portion of the second resin plate enters. As a result, the through hole insertion portion of the lead terminal is bent and sandwiched between the concave groove and the protruding portion, and the lead terminal is electrically connected to the wiring pattern film.

  In the electrical component connection structure according to claim 4 of the present invention, when the first resin plate and the second resin plate are brought relatively close to each other, the first protrusion which is the first bent portion of the first resin plate. On the other hand, the second protrusion, which is the second bent portion of the second resin plate, is overlapped with a gap by a distance for sandwiching the lead terminal. Accordingly, the through hole insertion portion of the lead terminal is bent and sandwiched between the first protrusion and the second protrusion, and the lead terminal is electrically connected to the wiring pattern film.

  In the case of the vehicular lamp according to claim 5 of the present invention, the same effects as those of the electrical component connection structure described above can be obtained.

  The present invention will be specifically described below.

  FIG. 1 is an external view of a door mirror on the left side of a front seat provided with a vehicular lamp according to an embodiment of the present invention when viewed obliquely from the front.

  The door mirror 1 is attached to a front seat left door 3 of an automobile 2, and a reflection mirror (not shown) for visually recognizing the rear is provided on the rear side of the housing 4 constituting the mirror body. 4 is provided with a turn signal lamp 10 as a vehicular lamp. The turn signal lamp 10 has a function of indicating a direction or a function of indicating a vehicle position, and is also referred to as a turn lamp.

  FIG. 2 is a plan sectional view showing the turn signal lamp 10.

  The turn signal lamp 10 is attached to the inside of an opening 5 provided on the front side of the housing 4, and a transparent lens 11 is arranged on the front side so as to close the opening 5. The turn signal lamp 10 has a connector 12 connected to a mating connector (not shown) provided inside the housing 4, and the upper side in FIG. 2 is the front and the lower side is the rear. A first resin plate 20 is disposed behind the transparent lens 11. A plurality of electrical components are mounted on the front side of the first resin plate 20. As the electrical components, three LEDs 13, 14, 15 and a resistor 16 correspond to the illustrated example. Further, a second resin plate 19 is provided on the rear side of the first resin plate 20, and further on the rear side of the second resin plate 19, a drive unit that drives a reflection mirror (not shown) in the vertical and horizontal directions. The drive part attaching part 6 to which is attached is provided.

  FIG. 3 is a front view of the first resin plate 20 viewed from the front side, and FIG. 4 is a rear view of the first resin plate 20 viewed from the rear side.

  On the front side of the first resin plate 20, the three LEDs 13, 14, 15 are distributed in the left-right direction. The LED 13 farthest from the door is arranged toward the outside (left side) of the automobile 2, and the two LEDs 14 and 15 near the door are arranged forward. In addition, a resistor 16 is disposed on the front side of the first resin plate 20, and the position of the resistor 16 is not visible from the front. 3 is a portion corresponding to the opening 5 of the housing 4, and the resistor 16 is located outside the range of the opening 5 (the rear side of the housing 4) and is visible from the outside. I can't do it.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the mounting portion 21 to which the LED 13 is mounted on the first resin plate 20 has a concave portion 21 a that opens outward (leftward), and the bottom surface thereof is spaced apart in the vertical direction. Two through holes 21b and 21c are formed, and a groove portion 21d as a first bent portion that opens toward the rear side is formed inside the bottom surface of the concave portion 21a. The mounting portion 22 on the first resin plate 20 to which the LED 14 is mounted has a concave portion 22a that opens forward, and two through holes 22b and 22c that are separated in the left-right direction are formed on the bottom surface thereof. The mounting portion 23 on the first resin plate 20 to which the LED 15 is mounted has a concave portion 23a that opens forward, and two through holes 23b and 23c that are separated in the left-right direction are formed on the bottom surface thereof. In addition, the location of the mounting parts 22 and 23 in which the recessed parts 22a and 23a are formed is formed with protruding parts 22d and 23d as first bent parts protruding to the back side.

  The mounting portion 24 to which the resistor 16 in the first resin plate 20 is mounted has a flat mounting portion 24a as shown in FIG. 5 (end view taken along line VV in FIG. 3), and the mounting portion 24a. Are formed with two through holes 24b and 24c which are separated in the vertical direction. The upper through hole 24b is a hole through which a lead terminal 16b of the resistor 16 described later is inserted, and the lower through hole 24c is a hole through which the other lead terminal 16c of the resistor 16 described later is inserted. Below each of the through holes 24b and 24c, a hole 24d used for bending the lead terminal 16b and a hole 24e used for bending the lead terminal 16c are provided in a penetrating state. Further, a protrusion 24f as a first bent portion protruding rearward is formed between the through hole 24b and the hole 24d, and a first fold protruding rearward is formed between the through hole 24c and the hole 24e. Protrusions 24g as curved portions are formed.

  The LED 13 has two lead terminals 13b and 13c protruding from the LED main body 13a as shown in FIG. 2, and the LED 14 similarly has two lead terminals 14b and 14c protruding from the LED main body 14a. Similarly, the LED 15 has two lead terminals 15b and 15c protruding from the LED main body 15a. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the resistor 16 has two lead terminals 16b and 16c protruding from the resistor body 16a.

  On the front surface side of the second resin plate 19, a protrusion piece 19a as a second bent portion that enters the groove portion 21d is formed at a position corresponding to the groove portion 21d, and each protrusion is protruded to a position corresponding to the recess portions 22a and 23a. Convex portions 19b and 19c serving as second bent portions formed in a substantially annular shape, which are divided at a plurality of positions into which the portions 22d and 23d enter, for example, in the example shown in FIG. ing. That is, each of the convex portions 19b and 19c is formed in a state in which arc-shaped objects existing on both the left and right sides are arranged symmetrically. In addition, a pair of second bent portions that enter the holes 24d and 24e at positions away from the protrusions 24f and 24g by a certain distance (thickness dimensions of the lead terminals 16b and 16c) are provided on the front surface side of the second resin plate 19. Projections 19d and 19d are formed (see FIGS. 5 and 6).

  A plurality of, for example, five divided wiring pattern films 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35 are formed on the back side of the first resin plate 20 (see FIG. 4). As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the wiring pattern film 31 is formed in a region reaching from the one terminal 12a of the connector 12 to the groove portion 21d, and the wiring pattern film 32 is formed in a region reaching from the groove portion 21d to the protruding portion 22d. Thus, the wiring pattern film 31 and the wiring pattern film 32 exist in parallel in the vertical direction in the groove portion 21d. The wiring pattern film 33 is formed in a region from the protruding portion 22d to the protruding portion 23d, the wiring pattern film 34 is formed in a region from the protruding portion 23d to the front of the connector 12, and the wiring pattern film 35 is formed from the front of the connector 12 to the connector. 12 is formed in the region up to the other terminal 12b.

  The wiring pattern films 31 to 35 described above have, for example, a two-layer structure, and Cu is used for the lower layer and Cr is used for the upper layer. Further, on the front side of the first resin plate 20, a reflective film 17 having the same structure as the wiring pattern films 31 to 35 is formed in a predetermined region including, for example, the three LEDs 13 to 15, and the LEDs 13, 14 are formed. , 15 and light incident from the outside are reflected forward and sideward. The wiring pattern films 31 to 35 and the reflection film 17 have a two-layer structure in which the lower layer is Cu and the upper layer is Cr. However, the wiring pattern films 31 to 35 and the reflection film 17 may have a two-layer structure made of other metals. It is good also as a structure more than a layer. In short, considering that the wiring pattern films 31 to 35 and the reflection film 17 are formed by plating, it is preferable to use the same material, but as to which material is used, the first resin plate 20 is in close contact with each other. May be appropriately selected and used in consideration of properties, light reflectivity, electrical conductivity, and the like.

  One of the two lead terminals 13b and 13c of the LED 13 is electrically connected to the wiring pattern film 31 provided with the terminal 12a, and the other lead terminal 13c is electrically connected to the wiring pattern film 32. One of the two lead terminals 14 b and 14 c of the LED 14 is electrically connected to the wiring pattern film 32, and the other lead terminal 14 c is electrically connected to the wiring pattern film 33. One of the two lead terminals 15 b and 15 c of the LED 15 is electrically connected to the wiring pattern film 33, and the other lead terminal 15 c is electrically connected to the wiring pattern film 34. One of the two lead terminals 16b and 16c of the resistor (R1) 16 is electrically connected to the wiring pattern film 34, and the other lead terminal 16c is electrically connected to the wiring pattern film 35 provided with the terminal 12b. Connected to.

  Such electrical connection is performed as shown in FIGS. That is, the LED main body 13a is inserted into the recess 21a of the first resin plate 20, and the lead terminals 13b and 13c are inserted into the through holes 21b and 21c, respectively, so as to cross the groove 21d. Further, the LED main body 14a is inserted into the recess 22a, and the lead terminals 14b and 14c are inserted into the through holes 22b and 22c, respectively. For example, the LED terminals 14b and 22c are bent slightly or completely along the protrusion 22d. Further, the LED main body 15a is inserted into the recess 23a, and the lead terminals 15b and 15c are inserted into the through holes 23b and 23c, respectively. For example, the LED main body 15a is bent slightly or completely forward along the protruding portion 23d. Furthermore, the resistor main body 16a is placed on the flat mounting portion 24a, and the lead terminals 16b and 16c are inserted into the through holes 24b and 24c, and are bent slightly or completely toward the holes 24d and 24e.

  The first resin plate 20 is held in such a state, and the first resin plate 20 is pressed against the front surface side of the second resin plate 19. At this time, the groove 21d and the protrusion piece 19a are made to correspond, the protrusions 22d and 23d are made to correspond to the protrusions 19b and 19c, and the protrusions 24f and 24g are made to correspond to the protrusions 19d and 19d. Note that the second resin plate 19 may be pressed against the first resin plate 20.

  As a result, the lead terminals 13b and 13c of the LED 13 crossing the groove portion 21d are bent inside the groove portion 21d by the projection piece 19a, and the lead terminal 13b is sandwiched between the projection piece 19a and the groove portion 21d to be electrically connected to the wiring pattern film 31. The lead terminal 13c is sandwiched between the protruding piece 19a and the groove portion 21d and electrically connected to the wiring pattern film 32. Further, the projecting portion 22d enters the projecting portion 19b, and the lead terminal 14b of the LED 14 is sandwiched between the projecting portion 22d and the projecting portion 19b and electrically connected to the wiring pattern film 32, and the lead terminal 14c. Is sandwiched between the protrusion 22d and the protrusion 19b and electrically connected to the wiring pattern film 33. Further, the protrusion 23d enters the protrusion 19c, and the lead terminal 15b of the LED 15 is sandwiched between the protrusion 23d and the protrusion 19c and electrically connected to the wiring pattern film 33, and the lead terminal 15c. Is sandwiched between the protrusion 23d and the protrusion 19c and is electrically connected to the wiring pattern film 34. In addition, the tips of the protrusions 19d and 19d enter and be held in the holes 24d and 24e at positions spaced apart from the protrusions 24f and 24g by a certain distance (thickness dimensions of the lead terminals 16b and 16c). The lead terminal 16b is sandwiched between the protrusion 19d and the protrusion 24f and is electrically connected to the wiring pattern film 34, and the lead terminal 16c of the resistor 16 is sandwiched between the protrusion 19d and the protrusion 24g to form the wiring pattern film 35. (See FIGS. 4 and 5). The circuit electrically connected in this way constitutes an equivalent circuit diagram shown in FIG. L1, L2, L3, and R1 in FIG. 8 correspond to the LEDs 13, 14, 15 and the resistor 16, respectively.

  Therefore, the turn signal lamp 10 according to the present embodiment configured as described above does not require caulking or soldering, and thus can be easily electrically connected. Further, since a printed circuit board is not used, facilities such as a solder application machine, a mounter, and a reflow device, and a process for performing work using these facilities are not required, and the cost can be reduced.

  In the above-described embodiment, two types of LEDs and resistors each having a lead terminal are used as electrical components. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention is also applicable to the case where a capacitor having a lead terminal is used. be able to.

  In the above-described embodiment, the present invention is applied to an electrical component having two lead terminals. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the shape of the wiring pattern film is not limited to an electrical component having three or more lead terminals. It can be applied by considering

  Furthermore, in the embodiment described above, the wiring pattern film is formed on the second resin plate 19 side of the first resin plate 20, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the first resin plate 20 side of the second resin plate 19 is provided. You may form in.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the present invention is applied to the turn signal lamp 10 of the door mirror 1 attached to the front seat left door 3 of the automobile 2. However, the present invention is not limited to this and is attached to the front seat right door of the automobile. It can also be applied to the door mirror turn signal lamp with the left and right sides reversed. Further, the present invention is not limited to the door mirror turn signal lamp but can be similarly applied to a fender mirror turn signal lamp. Furthermore, it can be applied to general vehicle lamps such as side lamps or side marker lamps.

It is the external view which looked at the door mirror of the front seat left side which applied the turn signal lamp which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention from diagonally forward. FIG. 2 is a plan sectional view showing the turn signal lamp of FIG. 1. It is the front view which looked at the 1st resin board of Drawing 2 from the front side. It is the rear view which looked at the 1st resin board of Drawing 2 from the back side. It is explanatory drawing of the connection state of the lead terminal of resistance, and a wiring pattern film | membrane. It is a figure which shows the front side of the 2nd resin board of FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the connection state of the lead terminal of LED, and a wiring pattern film | membrane. FIG. 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the turn signal lamp of FIG. 2. It is a top view which shows the structure of the turn signal lamp of the prior art example 1. FIG. It is a top view which shows the structure of the turn signal lamp of the prior art example 2. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Door mirror 2 Car 3 Front seat left door 10 Turn signal lamp 13, 14, 15 LED (electric part)
13a, 14a, 15a LED main body 16 Resistance (electrical part)
16a Resistor body 13b, 13c, 14b, 14c, 15b, 15c, 16b, 16c Lead terminal 19 Second resin plate 19a Projection piece (second bent portion)
19b, 19c Convex part (second bent part)
19d Protrusion (second bent part)
20 1st resin board 21, 22, 23, 24 Mounting part 21b, 21c, 22b, 22c, 23b, 23c, 24b, 24c Through-hole 21d Groove part (1st bending part)
22d, 23d Protruding part (first bent part)
24f, 24g Protrusion (first bent part)
31, 32, 33, 34, 35 Wiring pattern film

Claims (5)

A connection structure for electrical parts in a vehicle lamp,
An electrical component having lead terminals protruding from the electrical component body;
Has a mounting portion in which the electrical component body is mounted on one side, a first resin plate having a through hole Ru are inserted the lead terminals other to one of one side is formed on the mounting portion,
A second resin sheet that will be placed on the opposite side of the electrical component body of the first resin plate,
Anda wiring pattern layer formed on the first resin plate side of the second resin plate side or the second resin plate of the first resin plate,
The first resin plate has a first bent portion at a position where the through hole is formed and protrudes or opens toward the second resin plate, and the second resin plate is a first resin plate. A second bent portion protruding to the side, and the first bent portion and the second bent portion have a through hole insertion portion that is a portion of the lead terminal that has passed through the through hole. The insertion portion is sandwiched in a state bent along the first bent portion, and the through hole insertion portion is electrically connected to the wiring pattern formed in the sandwiched portion. Connection structure for electrical components. In the electrical component connection structure according to claim 1,
Wherein the first resin plate, projecting toward the second resin plate side, and the convex portion of the first bent portion, and the mounting portion provided on the opposite side of the second resin plate of the convex portion, and a said through hole provided in the mounting portion, whereas, the second resin plate, in which the convex portion is fitted into the inner part, by a wall portion formed to protrude toward the first resin plate side Having a recess as the second bent portion surrounded by the periphery ;
The concave portion and the convex portion inserted into the concave portion sandwich the through hole insertion portion in a state where the through hole insertion portion is bent along the convex portion, and the concave portion side of the convex portion or the concave portion An electrical component connection structure , wherein the through hole insertion portion is electrically connected to the wiring pattern film formed on a convex side . In the electrical component connection structure according to claim 1,
The first resin plate has a concave groove as the first bent portion that opens toward the second resin plate, and the through-hole provided in the mounting portion crosses the concave groove. formed Te, whereas, the second resin plate has a protrusion as the second bent portion which protrudes into the first resin plate side so as to go oN Ri in the concave groove,
The concave groove and the projecting part inserted therein hold the through-hole insertion part in a state where the through-hole insertion part is bent along the concave groove, and inside the concave groove or outside the projecting part. A connection structure for electrical parts , wherein the through hole insertion portion is electrically connected to the wiring pattern film formed on the substrate. In the electrical component connection structure according to claim 1,
The first resin plate includes the mounting portion provided on the opposite side of the second resin plate, the through-hole provided in the vicinity of the mounting portion, and the second resin plate on the second resin plate side. protruding toward the resin plate, and a first protrusion as the first bent portion, whereas, the second resin plate, relative to the first projection, hold the lead terminal by the relative proximity Having a second protrusion as the second bent portion, which is formed to protrude to the first resin plate so as to overlap with a gap of
The first protrusion and the second protrusion overlapping with the first protrusion hold the through hole insertion portion in a state where the through hole insertion portion is bent along the first protrusion, and the first protrusion and the second protrusion overlap each other. An electrical component connection structure , wherein the through hole insertion portion is electrically connected to the wiring pattern film formed on the second projection side or the first projection side of the second projection . A vehicular lamp comprising the electrical component connection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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