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JP4867080B2 - Plastic composite panels - Google Patents
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JP4867080B2 - Plastic composite panels - Google Patents

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JP4867080B2
JP4867080B2 JP2001132090A JP2001132090A JP4867080B2 JP 4867080 B2 JP4867080 B2 JP 4867080B2 JP 2001132090 A JP2001132090 A JP 2001132090A JP 2001132090 A JP2001132090 A JP 2001132090A JP 4867080 B2 JP4867080 B2 JP 4867080B2
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Japan
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fine particles
plastic composite
plastic
panel
layer
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JP2002322808A (en
Inventor
泰宏 原田
志郎 宮田
幸市 北尾
秀和 鶴田
彰彦 古田
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、建材分野で用いられる内外装材、土木工事の鉄筋コンクリート施工現場や工場内で使用されるコンクリート型枠用パネル等に使用されるプラスチック複合パネルに関し、特に軽量で曲げ剛性に優れたプラスチック複合パネルに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
建材用パネルには、安価で加工性に優れた南洋材合板が広く使用されてきた。しかし、近年乱伐により森林資源が枯渇し、二酸化炭素消費能力が低下していること、および使用後の焼却処理による二酸化炭素排出が問題視され、世界的に地球温暖化防止が大きな課題となる中で、合板製パネルの代替材の開発、普及が強く望まれている。
【0003】
このような要望に対して、従来より、多くの代替材が提案されている。例えば鋼鉄、アルミニウム製の金属型枠などは剛性、耐衝撃性などに優れ、これらの特性が要求される特殊分野などで一部利用されているものの、重いことから、木材合板の汎用的な代替材となるには至っていない。
軽さの点で有望なのは、プラスチックを主な原料としたものである。特開平8−100523号公報には、発泡スチロール板を他の熱可塑性樹脂で挟み込んだサンドイッチ構造として一体化させたコンクリート型枠が開示されている。また、特開平8−207190号公報には、硬質ウレタン発泡体をガラス繊維入りポリプロピレン樹脂シートで挟み込んだサンドイッチ構造として一体化させたプラスチック複合パネルが開示されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、上記のプラスチック系代替材料は一部内装材に使用されてはいるものの、コンクリート型枠用パネル等に求められる要求性能を満足するものではなく、普及には至っていない。
【0005】
例えば、特開平8−100523号公報には中心層の発泡スチロール板の密度を1〜10kg/m3としたコンクリート型枠が開示されているが、これを実際にコンクリート型枠用パネルとして使用する際には釘を打つ必要があり、桟木を打ちつけた際に釘が緩む、あるいは板が簡単に割れてしまうという問題がある。また、特開平8−207190号公報に開示されている外層がガラス繊維入り樹脂からなるプラスチック複合パネルをコンクリート型枠として用いると、釘打ち時の割れの問題や、鋸切断時の鋸刃の消耗が早いなどの使用上の問題が有り、さらに使用後のリサイクルが難しいという問題もある。
【0006】
また上記のように中心層を軽量化のために気泡を有する発泡状態とし、その両面に高剛性の外層を設けたプラスチック複合パネルにおいては、強度を上げるために外層に硬いプラスチックを用いるので、落下時や釘打ち時の衝撃による割れの発生の問題がある。従って、従来のプラスチック製型枠用パネルは、耐衝撃性の面で不十分であり、既存の木材型枠の代替を実現できていない。
【0007】
本発明は上記事情に鑑みなされたもので、その目的は、必要な剛性と軽さを満足し、かつ耐衝撃性に優れたプラスチック複合パネルを提供することである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決するために、本発明では以下の手段を用いる。
【0009】
(1)中心層と、該中心層両側の外層とを有するプラスチック複合パネルにおいて、前記外層のみに、平均粒子径0.01μm〜1.0μmの粒形状のシリカ微粒子が分散状に含まれ、その分散状態は、樹脂1mm 中に存在する粒子の個数のばらつきが±10%以内、粒子間の距離のばらつきが±10%以内であり、パネル全体の厚さが12mm以上で、外層の厚さがパネル全体の厚さの2〜20%であることを特徴とするプラスチック複合パネル。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
【0014】
図1は本発明のプラスチック複合パネルの一実施形態を示す断面の模式図である。図1において、本発明のプラスチック複合パネルは中心層1とその両側の外層2よりなり、本実施の形態では中心層1を気泡を有する発泡構造とすることでコンクリート型枠用パネル等に必要な軽量化を実現している。また中心層1の両側に外層2を設けることによりコンクリート型枠用パネル等に必要な剛性を付与している。パネル全体の厚さは通常12mm以上で一般的なプラスチックパネルより厚いものであり、外層2の厚さはパネル全体の厚さの2〜20%が好ましく、例えばパネル全体の厚さが12mmの場合、外層2は0.5〜2mm、より好ましくは0.8〜1.5mmとして、軽量化と曲げ剛性を兼ね備えた構成とする。本発明ではこのプラスチック複合パネル中の中心層及び/又は外層中に平均粒子径0.01μm〜10μmの微粒子を均一に分散させることにより耐衝撃性を向上させることができる。微粒子が分散状に含有されていることにより、衝撃を受けたときに発生するクラックの伝播を防止するので、耐衝撃性が向上する。
【0015】
本発明のプラスチック複合パネルの中心層1を発泡構造とする場合、気泡化率は20〜60%とするのが好ましい。本発明において、型枠としての作業性向上の観点から軽量化のために、中心層1を発泡構造とすることが好ましいが、単に均一に発泡させるだけでは、型枠としての加工性、例えば釘打ち時の釘抜き抵抗力低下、釘抜け、割れ発生などを生じることがあり、また型枠として必要な曲げ剛性も不足する場合があるので、気泡化率を好適に調整することが好ましい。発泡方法としては、公知の化学発泡法、ガス発泡法、機械発泡法、水発泡法など、いずれも適用可能である。
【0016】
本発明のプラスチック複合パネルは熱可塑性または熱硬化性樹脂を原料として製造するのが好ましい。熱可塑性樹脂としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、プロピレン−エチレンブロック共重合体、プロピレン−エチレンランダム共重合体、ABS、ポリスチレン、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ナイロンなどの汎用的な樹脂が挙げられる。
【0017】
本発明で微粒子を樹脂中に添加する際には、平均粒子径0.01μm〜10μmのものを用い、均一に分散させることが必要である。微粒子の平均粒子径が0.01μm未満であると、分散性が悪くなる。また10μm超えであると、例えば亀裂の長さが50μm以上になり、亀裂の伝播が大きくなるので耐衝撃性が低下する。好ましくは平均粒子径を0.1〜1.0μmとする。また微粒子は全体として均一に分散していることが好ましいが、面方向に均一であれば効果があり、中心層または外層のみに微粒子を添加することも可能である。粒子を均一に分散させるために、ステアリン酸マグネシウム等の分散剤を添加してもよい。
【0018】
本発明における微粒子としては、無機物及び有機物を用いることができ、シリカ、チタニア、カオリン、硫酸バリウム、炭酸カルシウムなど、形状が球形もしくは、それに近い粒状のものを用いるのが効果的である。粒子形が球形に近いほど割れが生じ難いので効果的であり、針状等の粒子を用いると、粒子先端に応力が集中するため割れやすくなり好ましくない。微粒子が球形もしくはそれに近い形状とは、微粒子の外表面に、曲率半径が粒子径の10%未満の部位を有しない形状のものである。このときの微粒子の粒子径は、微粒子の体積を球の体積に換算したときの当該球の直径である。樹脂との接着を良くするために、微粒子表面にシランカップリング、チタンカップリング、脂肪酸処理等の表面処理を施してから添加しても良い。
【0019】
本発明に用いる微粒子として、酸化チタンは特に効果的である。酸化チタンは粒度分布が狭く粒子径のばらつきが少ないので、規定の平均粒子径の微粒子を得るのが容易である。また、酸、アルカリに対して不溶で耐薬品性に優れるので、酸、アルカリの環境下でも耐衝撃性の低下が少ない。さらに、酸化チタンは硬いのでクラックが発生しても伝播を抑止する効果がある。
【0020】
本発明に用いる有機物の微粒子として、フェノール樹脂硬化物が挙げられる。フェノール樹脂硬化物はプラスチック複合パネルを形成する樹脂に添加して成形を行っても溶けること無く、安定であり、相性が良い。これに対して、PETなどの熱可塑性樹脂はアルカリ環境で分解してしまう恐れがある。
【0021】
本発明のプラスチック複合パネルに添加される微粒子の添加量は、中心層及び/または外層の樹脂中に1mass%〜40mass%とすることが好ましい。添加量が1mass%未満では微粒子の粒子間距離が大きくなるため、亀裂の伝播を抑止し難く、40mass%を超えて添加すると、均一に分散させるのが難しくなり、粒子間距離が近くなり、耐衝撃性が低下する。さらに好ましくは微粒子の添加量を10mass%〜40mass%とする。
【0022】
中心層1と外層2を構成するプラスチックとして、産業廃棄物として排出されるプラスチック、及び一般の家庭のごみとして排出される廃プラスチック等を用いて、リサイクル製品としてのプラスチック複合パネルを製造することもできる。
【0023】
本発明で廃プラスチックを原料として用いる場合、産業廃棄物として排出されるプラスチック、および一般の家庭のごみとして排出される廃プラスチックの双方を用いることができるが、ある程度排出段階で分別がなされた、容器包装リサイクル法で対象とされるプラスチック製品などであることが好ましい。これら容器包装リサイクルプラスチックは、主としてポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリエチレンテレフタレートなどの汎用プラスチックと金属箔や紙、その他の調味料類などの異物が混合された状態であるが、型枠としての軽さを保持するため、あるいは型枠として使用後のリサイクルを考慮してポリ塩化ビニルなどの塩素系プラスチックを除外するために、例えば破砕後に比重分離法などを用いて、低比重成分だけを分離して用いることが好ましい。比重分離の溶媒としては水を用いることが一般的であることから、比重1.0以下の成分を分離することは工業的にも容易である。ここで分離された比重1.0以下の成分は、主としてポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンであり、一部ポリスチレン、その他分離できなかった異物が混入した形となるのが通常であるが、本発明においては、若干の異物が混入した低比重分を用いても問題はない。
【0024】
本発明のプラスチック複合パネルにおいて、中心層1と外層2は溶融接着していることが好ましい。中心層1と外層2を高価な接着剤などを用いて接着すると、経済面で木材合板を代替することは困難である。中心層1と外層2を溶融接着するには、中心層1と外層2を同時に溶融押出成形して成形しても良いし、中心層1を成形後に中心層1の外表面に外層2を加圧貼り付けして製造しても良い。プラスチック成形体の表面を加圧・圧縮することにより中心層1の一部を変化させて外層2とし、中心層の両外側に外層を有する3層構造を一体として成形する方法もある。
【0025】
本実施の形態では中心層と外層を持つ3層構造の場合を示したが、表面の平滑性などを向上させるために本発明のプラスチック複合パネルの表面にさらに別の層を貼り付けするなどして、中心層や外層をさらに多層構造にする場合などにも本発明を適用することができる。また、パネルとしての特性を向上させるために樹脂中に木材粉等を配合することもできる。粉砕木材の添加は、廃プラスチックを材料に用いた場合、異臭低減効果があるので特に効果的であり、1〜10mmのサイズのものを50mass%以下添加すると効果的である。
【0026】
【実施例】
(実施例1) 各種の微粒子を、各種のプラスチック原料樹脂に添加して、プラスチック複合パネルを製造した。表1に、微粒子の種類および形状、微粒子の平均粒子径、主原料プラスチックの種類、微粒子の添加割合(1〜40mass%)を示す。微粒子としては、粒状、板状、針状のものを用い、主原料プラスチックとしてはポリプロピレン等の樹脂の他に、一般家庭から排出された廃プラスチックを比重分離して塩素系プラスチックを除去した使用済みプラスチックや、木材粉を配合したものも用いた。また、比較のために微粒子を添加しないものも製造した。主原料プラスチックの樹脂及び微粒子を混合したものを外層用の2軸混練押出機に、主原料プラスチックの樹脂及び微粒子および発泡剤を混合したものを中心層用の2軸混練押出機に投入して、2種3層T型ダイスにより溶融状態で厚さ約12mm、幅約0.8m程度のシート状に押出成形した。成形された発泡シートをベルト状のプレス装置で、両面から加圧・整形しながら冷却し、両端部をカットし、最終的に幅600mm、長さ1800mm、厚み12mmのパネルを製造した。このようにして製造したプラスチック複合パネルは、中心部が発泡状態であり、中心層の両側に外層を有する、軽量でかつ高剛性のプラスチック複合パネルであった。
【0027】
プラスチック複合パネル内の微粒子の分散状態について測定したところ、任意に切り出した樹脂1mm3中に存在する粒子の個数のばらつきが±10%以内であって、さらに粒子間の距離のばらつきが±10%以内であったので、均一に分散していることが分かった。
【0028】
これらのパネルについて落錘衝撃試験およびくぎ打ち試験を行って、耐衝撃性を評価した。落錘衝撃試験はJIS K 7211の「硬質プラスチックの落錘衝撃試験方法」に準拠して、1kgの重錘を1mの高さから落とし、亀裂の有無で耐衝撃性を評価した。亀裂が生じなかった場合を○、小さな亀裂が生じたものを△、大きな亀裂が発生したものを×として表1に示す。表面がやや白化しても、目視で亀裂が生じていなければ○とした。
【0029】
くぎ打ち試験は、作製したパネルの表面から、スクリュー釘(長さ50mm)、丸釘(長さ45mm)をそれぞれ3本づつ金槌を用いて打ち込み、亀裂の有無を調べた。亀裂が生じなかった場合を○、小さな亀裂が生じたものを△、大きな亀裂が発生したものを×として表2に示す。表面がやや白化しても、目視で亀裂が生じていなければ○とした。
【0030】
【表1】

Figure 0004867080
【0031】
【表2】
Figure 0004867080
【0032】
添加した微粒子の平均粒子径が本発明の範囲内である0.01μm〜10μmの場合には、優れた耐衝撃性が得られることが分かった。また、平均粒子径が本発明の範囲内であっても、微粒子の形状が粒状でなく板状である場合には小さな亀裂が生じたが、微粒子の添加がない場合に比べると耐衝撃性が向上することが分かった。
【0033】
(実施例2) 各種の微粒子を、一般家庭から排出された廃プラスチックを比重分離して塩素系プラスチックを除去した使用済みプラスチックに添加して、プラスチック複合パネルを実施例1と同様にして製造した。本実施例においては、外層のみに微粒子を20mass%添加し、中心層には発泡材のみを添加した。表3に、微粒子の種類および形状、微粒子の平均粒子径を示す。微粒子としては、粒状の酸化チタン、板状のタルクおよびマイカを用いた。
【0034】
プラスチック複合パネル内の微粒子の分散状態について測定したところ、任意に切り出した樹脂1mm3中に存在する粒子の個数のばらつきが±10%以内であって、さらに粒子間の距離のばらつきが±10%以内であったので、均一に分散していることが分かった。
【0035】
これらのパネルについて実施例1と同様に、落錘衝撃試験およびくぎ打ち試験を行って、耐衝撃性を評価した。その結果を、表3に併せて示す。
【0036】
【表3】
Figure 0004867080
【0037】
外層のみに微粒子を添加した場合にも、微粒子の平均粒子径が本発明の範囲内である0.01μm〜10μmの場合には、優れた耐衝撃性が得られることが分かった。
【0038】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明によれば、コンクリート型枠に必要な剛性と軽さを満足し、かつ耐衝撃性に優れたプラスチック複合パネルが得られる。このためコンクリート型枠等として本発明のプラスチック複合パネルを用いれば、木材の消費を減らすことができる。さらに廃プラスチック、特に容器包装リサイクル法で対象とされる一般家庭から排出される廃プラスチックを原料としてリサイクルすることができるので、地球環境のために大いに貢献できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明のプラスチック複合パネルの断面を示す模式図である。
【符号の説明】
1中心層
2外層[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a plastic composite panel used for interior / exterior materials used in the field of building materials, reinforced concrete construction sites for civil engineering work, concrete formwork panels used in factories, etc., and particularly lightweight and excellent in bending rigidity. It relates to composite panels.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a building material panel, south-season plywood, which is inexpensive and excellent in workability, has been widely used. In recent years, however, forest resources have been depleted due to over-cutting, and the ability to consume carbon dioxide has declined, and carbon dioxide emissions from incineration after use are regarded as problems, and global warming prevention has become a major issue worldwide. Therefore, the development and popularization of substitute materials for plywood panels is strongly desired.
[0003]
Conventionally, many alternative materials have been proposed for such a demand. For example, metal molds made of steel or aluminum have excellent rigidity and impact resistance, and are used in special fields where these properties are required. It has not yet become a material.
What is promising in terms of lightness is that plastic is the main raw material. Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 8-100533 discloses a concrete formwork in which a foamed polystyrene plate is integrated as a sandwich structure sandwiched between other thermoplastic resins. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-207190 discloses a plastic composite panel in which a rigid urethane foam is integrated as a sandwich structure sandwiched between glass fiber-containing polypropylene resin sheets.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, although the above-mentioned plastic-based alternative materials are partially used for interior materials, they do not satisfy the required performance required for concrete formwork panels and the like, and have not yet spread.
[0005]
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-100653 discloses a concrete form having a density of 1 to 10 kg / m 3 of a polystyrene foam plate as a central layer. When this is actually used as a concrete form panel. However, there is a problem that nails need to be struck, and when the pier is struck, the nails loosen or the plate easily breaks. Further, when a plastic composite panel whose outer layer is made of glass fiber-containing resin as disclosed in JP-A-8-207190 is used as a concrete formwork, there is a problem of cracking when nailing and consumption of a saw blade when sawing. There is a problem in use such as being early, and there is also a problem that recycling after use is difficult.
[0006]
In addition, as described above, in the plastic composite panel in which the center layer is made into a foamed state having air bubbles for weight reduction, and a high-rigidity outer layer is provided on both sides thereof, a hard plastic is used for the outer layer to increase the strength. There is a problem of occurrence of cracks due to impacts at times and nailing. Therefore, the conventional plastic formwork panel is insufficient in terms of impact resistance, and cannot replace the existing wood formwork.
[0007]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a plastic composite panel satisfying necessary rigidity and lightness and excellent in impact resistance.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention uses the following means.
[0009]
(1) In a plastic composite panel having a center layer and outer layers on both sides of the center layer, only the outer layer contains silica fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.01 μm to 1.0 μm in a dispersed state , The dispersion state is that the variation in the number of particles present in 1 mm 3 of the resin is within ± 10%, the variation in the distance between the particles is within ± 10%, the thickness of the entire panel is 12 mm or more, and the thickness of the outer layer A plastic composite panel characterized in that the thickness is 2 to 20% of the total thickness of the panel.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0014]
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment of the plastic composite panel of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the plastic composite panel of the present invention comprises a center layer 1 and outer layers 2 on both sides thereof. In the present embodiment, the center layer 1 has a foamed structure having air bubbles and is necessary for a concrete formwork panel or the like. Realized light weight. Further, the outer layer 2 is provided on both sides of the center layer 1 to give the necessary rigidity to the concrete formwork panel. The total thickness of the panel is usually 12 mm or more, which is thicker than a general plastic panel. The thickness of the outer layer 2 is preferably 2 to 20% of the total thickness of the panel. For example, when the total thickness of the panel is 12 mm The outer layer 2 is 0.5 to 2 mm, more preferably 0.8 to 1.5 mm, and has a structure that combines light weight and bending rigidity. In the present invention, impact resistance can be improved by uniformly dispersing fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.01 μm to 10 μm in the central layer and / or outer layer of the plastic composite panel. Since the fine particles are contained in a dispersed state, the propagation of cracks generated when subjected to an impact is prevented, so that the impact resistance is improved.
[0015]
When the center layer 1 of the plastic composite panel of the present invention has a foam structure, the bubble formation rate is preferably 20 to 60%. In the present invention, it is preferable that the center layer 1 has a foam structure for weight reduction from the viewpoint of improving workability as a formwork. It is preferable to appropriately adjust the bubble formation rate, since it may cause a drop in nail pulling resistance at the time of hitting, nail dropout, cracking and the like, and the bending rigidity necessary for the mold may be insufficient. As the foaming method, any of the known chemical foaming method, gas foaming method, mechanical foaming method, water foaming method and the like can be applied.
[0016]
The plastic composite panel of the present invention is preferably manufactured using a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin as a raw material. Examples of the thermoplastic resin include general-purpose resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, propylene-ethylene block copolymer, propylene-ethylene random copolymer, ABS, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, and nylon.
[0017]
When the fine particles are added to the resin in the present invention, it is necessary to use particles having an average particle diameter of 0.01 μm to 10 μm and uniformly disperse them. When the average particle diameter of the fine particles is less than 0.01 μm, the dispersibility is deteriorated. On the other hand, if it exceeds 10 μm, for example, the length of the crack becomes 50 μm or more, and the propagation of the crack increases, so that the impact resistance decreases. Preferably, the average particle size is 0.1 to 1.0 μm. The fine particles are preferably uniformly dispersed as a whole, but it is effective if they are uniform in the plane direction, and the fine particles can be added only to the central layer or the outer layer. In order to disperse the particles uniformly, a dispersant such as magnesium stearate may be added.
[0018]
As the fine particles in the present invention, inorganic substances and organic substances can be used, and it is effective to use particles having a spherical shape or a particle shape close thereto, such as silica, titania, kaolin, barium sulfate, calcium carbonate and the like. The closer the particle shape is to a spherical shape, the more effective it is because cracking is less likely to occur, and the use of needle-like particles is not preferred because stress tends to concentrate at the particle tip. The fine particles are spherical or have a shape that does not have a portion having a radius of curvature of less than 10% of the particle diameter on the outer surface of the fine particles. The particle diameter of the fine particles at this time is the diameter of the sphere when the volume of the fine particles is converted into the volume of the sphere. In order to improve adhesion with the resin, the surface of the fine particles may be added after being subjected to surface treatment such as silane coupling, titanium coupling, or fatty acid treatment.
[0019]
Titanium oxide is particularly effective as the fine particles used in the present invention. Since titanium oxide has a narrow particle size distribution and little variation in particle size, it is easy to obtain fine particles having a prescribed average particle size. In addition, since it is insoluble in acid and alkali and has excellent chemical resistance, there is little reduction in impact resistance even in an acid or alkali environment. Furthermore, since titanium oxide is hard, it has the effect of suppressing propagation even if cracks occur.
[0020]
Examples of the organic fine particles used in the present invention include a cured phenol resin. The cured phenolic resin is stable and compatible without melting even if it is added to the resin forming the plastic composite panel and molded. On the other hand, a thermoplastic resin such as PET may be decomposed in an alkaline environment.
[0021]
The amount of fine particles added to the plastic composite panel of the present invention is preferably 1 mass% to 40 mass% in the resin of the center layer and / or the outer layer. If the addition amount is less than 1 mass%, the interparticle distance of the fine particles becomes large, so it is difficult to suppress the propagation of cracks. If the addition amount exceeds 40 mass%, it becomes difficult to uniformly disperse, the interparticle distance becomes close, and the resistance Impact resistance decreases. More preferably, the amount of fine particles added is 10 mass% to 40 mass%.
[0022]
It is also possible to manufacture plastic composite panels as recycled products using plastics that are discharged as industrial waste and plastics that are discharged as ordinary household waste as plastics that constitute the central layer 1 and the outer layer 2 it can.
[0023]
In the case of using waste plastic as a raw material in the present invention, both plastic discharged as industrial waste and waste plastic discharged as general household waste can be used. It is preferably a plastic product or the like targeted by the Containers and Packaging Recycling Law. These containers and packaging recycled plastics are mainly in the state of mixing general-purpose plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyethylene terephthalate with foreign substances such as metal foil, paper, and other seasonings. In order to maintain the lightness of the product or to exclude chlorinated plastics such as polyvinyl chloride in consideration of recycling after use as a formwork, for example, by using a specific gravity separation method after crushing, only low specific gravity components are used. It is preferable to use it separately. Since water is generally used as a solvent for specific gravity separation, it is industrially easy to separate components having a specific gravity of 1.0 or less. The components having a specific gravity of 1.0 or less separated here are mainly polyethylene and polypropylene, and are usually partially mixed with polystyrene and other foreign substances that could not be separated. There is no problem even if a low specific gravity mixed with foreign matter is used.
[0024]
In the plastic composite panel of the present invention, the center layer 1 and the outer layer 2 are preferably melt bonded. When the center layer 1 and the outer layer 2 are bonded using an expensive adhesive or the like, it is difficult to substitute for the wood plywood in terms of economy. In order to melt-bond the center layer 1 and the outer layer 2, the center layer 1 and the outer layer 2 may be melt-extruded and molded at the same time, or the outer layer 2 is added to the outer surface of the center layer 1 after the center layer 1 is molded. You may manufacture by pressing. There is also a method in which a part of the center layer 1 is changed to be the outer layer 2 by pressing and compressing the surface of the plastic molded body, and a three-layer structure having the outer layers on both outer sides of the center layer is integrally molded.
[0025]
In this embodiment, a case of a three-layer structure having a center layer and an outer layer is shown. However, in order to improve the smoothness of the surface, another layer is attached to the surface of the plastic composite panel of the present invention. Thus, the present invention can also be applied to a case where the center layer and the outer layer have a multilayer structure. Moreover, in order to improve the characteristic as a panel, wood powder etc. can also be mix | blended with resin. Addition of pulverized wood is particularly effective when waste plastic is used as a material because it has an effect of reducing off-flavors, and it is effective to add a material having a size of 1 to 10 mm to 50 mass% or less.
[0026]
【Example】
(Example 1) Various fine particles were added to various plastic raw resin to produce a plastic composite panel. Table 1 shows the type and shape of the fine particles, the average particle size of the fine particles, the type of the main raw material plastic, and the addition ratio (1 to 40 mass%) of the fine particles. Particulate, plate-like, and needle-like particles are used, and the main plastic is used in addition to polypropylene and other resins, and waste plastic discharged from ordinary households is separated by specific gravity to remove chlorinated plastic. Plastic and wood powder blends were also used. For comparison, a product without addition of fine particles was also produced. A mixture of resin and fine particles of the main raw material plastic is put into a biaxial kneading extruder for the outer layer, and a mixture of resin, fine particles and foaming agent of the main raw material plastic is put into the twin screw kneading extruder for the central layer. It was extruded into a sheet having a thickness of about 12 mm and a width of about 0.8 m in a molten state using a two-type three-layer T-type die. The molded foam sheet was cooled while being pressed and shaped from both sides with a belt-like press machine, and both ends were cut to finally produce a panel having a width of 600 mm, a length of 1800 mm, and a thickness of 12 mm. The plastic composite panel manufactured in this way was a lightweight and highly rigid plastic composite panel having a foamed center portion and outer layers on both sides of the center layer.
[0027]
When the dispersion state of the fine particles in the plastic composite panel was measured, the variation in the number of particles present in 1 mm 3 of the resin cut out arbitrarily was within ± 10%, and the variation in the distance between the particles was ± 10%. It was found that it was uniformly dispersed.
[0028]
These panels were subjected to a falling weight impact test and a nailing test to evaluate the impact resistance. In accordance with JIS K 7211 “Hard plastic drop weight impact test method”, a drop weight impact test was performed by dropping a 1 kg weight from a height of 1 m and evaluating impact resistance based on the presence or absence of cracks. Table 1 shows the case where no crack occurred, ◯, the case where a small crack occurred, and the case where a large crack occurred ×. Even if the surface was slightly whitened, it was evaluated as ◯ if no cracks were visually observed.
[0029]
In the nail driving test, three nails of screw nails (length: 50 mm) and round nails (length: 45 mm) were driven from the surface of the produced panel, and the presence of cracks was examined. Table 2 shows the case where no crack occurred, ◯ when the small crack occurred, and x when the large crack occurred. Even if the surface was slightly whitened, it was evaluated as ◯ if no cracks were visually observed.
[0030]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004867080
[0031]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004867080
[0032]
It was found that when the average particle size of the added fine particles is 0.01 μm to 10 μm, which is within the range of the present invention, excellent impact resistance can be obtained. Even if the average particle diameter is within the range of the present invention, small cracks occurred when the shape of the fine particles was not granular but a plate shape, but the impact resistance was higher than when no fine particles were added. It turns out that it improves.
[0033]
(Example 2) Various composite particles were added to used plastic from which waste plastic discharged from ordinary households was separated by specific gravity to remove chlorinated plastic, and a plastic composite panel was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. . In this example, 20 mass% of fine particles were added only to the outer layer, and only the foam material was added to the center layer. Table 3 shows the type and shape of the fine particles and the average particle size of the fine particles. As fine particles, granular titanium oxide, plate-like talc and mica were used.
[0034]
When the dispersion state of the fine particles in the plastic composite panel was measured, the variation in the number of particles present in 1 mm 3 of the resin cut out arbitrarily was within ± 10%, and the variation in the distance between the particles was ± 10%. It was found that it was uniformly dispersed.
[0035]
These panels were subjected to a drop weight impact test and a nailing test in the same manner as in Example 1 to evaluate the impact resistance. The results are also shown in Table 3.
[0036]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004867080
[0037]
Even when fine particles were added only to the outer layer, it was found that excellent impact resistance can be obtained when the average particle size of the fine particles is within the range of 0.01 μm to 10 μm.
[0038]
【Effect of the invention】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a plastic composite panel that satisfies the rigidity and lightness required for a concrete formwork and is excellent in impact resistance. For this reason, if the plastic composite panel of this invention is used as a concrete formwork etc., the consumption of wood can be reduced. In addition, waste plastics, especially waste plastics discharged from ordinary households that are subject to the Containers and Packaging Recycling Law, can be recycled as raw materials, which can greatly contribute to the global environment.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a cross section of a plastic composite panel of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 center layer 2 outer layer

Claims (1)

中心層と、該中心層両側の外層とを有するプラスチック複合パネルにおいて、前記外層のみに、平均粒子径0.01μm〜1.0μmの粒形状のシリカ微粒子が分散状に含まれ、その分散状態は、樹脂1mm 中に存在する粒子の個数のばらつきが±10%以内、粒子間の距離のばらつきが±10%以内であり、パネル全体の厚さが12mm以上で、外層の厚さがパネル全体の厚さの2〜20%であることを特徴とするプラスチック複合パネル。In a plastic composite panel having a center layer and outer layers on both sides of the center layer, only the outer layer contains silica fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.01 μm to 1.0 μm in a dispersed state. The dispersion of the number of particles present in 1 mm 3 of the resin is within ± 10%, the dispersion of the distance between the particles is within ± 10%, the thickness of the entire panel is 12 mm or more, and the thickness of the outer layer is the panel A plastic composite panel characterized by being 2 to 20% of the total thickness .
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