JP4875804B2 - Hemostatic material - Google Patents
Hemostatic material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4875804B2 JP4875804B2 JP2001206340A JP2001206340A JP4875804B2 JP 4875804 B2 JP4875804 B2 JP 4875804B2 JP 2001206340 A JP2001206340 A JP 2001206340A JP 2001206340 A JP2001206340 A JP 2001206340A JP 4875804 B2 JP4875804 B2 JP 4875804B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hemostatic material
- chitin
- hemostatic
- bleeding
- deacetylated chitin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000002439 hemostatic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 76
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 74
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000006196 deacetylation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003381 deacetylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 29
- 208000032843 Hemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 24
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- 230000023597 hemostasis Effects 0.000 description 19
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 6
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 organic acid salt Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- RAQPZQAQMHUKTB-ODZAUARKSA-N (z)-but-2-enedioic acid;methanol Chemical compound OC.OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O RAQPZQAQMHUKTB-ODZAUARKSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000002847 Surgical Wound Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002201 Oxidized cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009297 electrocoagulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229940107304 oxidized cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000436 anus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000013373 fibrillar collagen Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108060002894 fibrillar collagen Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 206010060964 Arterial haemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-FMDGEEDCSA-N N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O OVRNDRQMDRJTHS-FMDGEEDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010065441 Venous haemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 210000000232 gallbladder Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004388 gamma ray sterilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N glucosamine group Chemical group OC1[C@H](N)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002216 heart Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940116298 l- malic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002429 large intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002689 maleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004088 microvessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229950006780 n-acetylglucosamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000399 orthopedic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000278 spinal cord Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002303 tibia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003932 urinary bladder Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L26/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form
- A61L26/0009—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, wound dressings or bandages in liquid, gel or powder form containing macromolecular materials
- A61L26/0023—Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2400/00—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L2400/04—Materials for stopping bleeding
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、止血材に関するものであり、さらに詳しくは外科手術などにおける切開創や切除創、抜歯創、肝臓や膵臓などの臓器や関節手術における骨切面からの出血に対して効果的な止血作用を有する止血材に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
外科手術時の止血法としては、圧迫法、結紮法、電気凝固法、レーザー凝固法、赤外線凝固法、冷凍法や種々の止血材を用いる方法等がある。静脈性の出血は圧迫止血だけでも充分であり止血は容易である。
【0003】
一方、出血点のはっきりしている動脈性出血の場合、結紮、縫合、電気凝固法による止血が常法であるが、結紮、縫合は出血部位が脆弱な場合や毛細血管等の微少血管からの滲み出るような出血には用いることはできない。また、電気凝固法、レーザー凝固法、赤外線凝固法、冷凍法についてはその有効性は認められているものの、何れの方法を行う場合にも高価な装置を必要とし、また出血部位が広い範囲におよぶ際には使用しにくい点は否めない。
【0004】
圧迫止血は、細い血管からの出血には非常に有効であるが、圧迫することが困難な狭い術野では使えず、また、止血に比較的時間を要する等の問題点がある。それ故、手術のように時間が限られる場合では、これらの問題点を補い手術を円滑に行うため、種々の止血材が用いられているのが現状である。
【0005】
そのような止血材の具体例として例えば、酸化セルロース、ゼラチン、微繊維性コラーゲンからなる止血材が市販されている。酸化セルロースは、血液に接触すると血中のヘモグロビンと著しい親和力を有するため凝血塊を形成し、止血に至るものである。ゼラチンは、スポンジ状のものが市販されており、血液を吸収して膨潤し局所を圧迫することによって止血効果を示すものである。微繊維性コラーゲンは、血液に接触すると血小板を活性化し、活性化された血小板がコラーゲンに付着し凝集塊を形成することで止血に至るものである。
【0006】
さらに、特開昭63−211232号公報、特開平9−19653号報、特開平9−169654号報には、キチン又はキチン誘導体の塩酸塩および有機酸塩に止血効果のあることが記載されている。この中で、繊維状脱アセチル化キチン酸塩からなる止血材は、出血部位に適用すると、膨潤し出血部位に強く付着し、湧き出るような血液でも流されず迅速で且つ確実な止血が出来るものである。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、手術創の止血において繊維状脱アセチル化キチン塩酸塩からなる止血材を使用した場合、止血後に剰余分を生理食塩水などで洗浄・除去する必要があった。繊維状脱アセチル化キチン塩酸塩からなる止血材は、出血部位に接触すると吸液により繊維が膨潤ゲル化する。膨潤ゲル化した剰余の止血材は非常に柔らかいため、ピンセット等では取り除き難かった。また、生理食塩水等を用いた洗浄では、膨潤ゲル化により出血部位に密着した部分は洗い流されることなく多量に残留する場合があった。手術創に多量に残留した止血に関与しなかった剰余の繊維状脱アセチル化キチン塩酸塩からなる止血材は滲出液を吸収し膨潤する。このため縫合により閉鎖した手術創を開いてしまう等の閉鎖不全が生じる場合があり適用には限界があった。
【0008】
また、酸化セルロースは、止血後に剰余分を除去すると再出血が生じる場合があり、微繊維性コラーゲンは激しい出血の場合ずれることもあり、何れも適用には限界があった。
【0009】
また、脱アセチル化キチンの有機酸塩からなる止血材の製造方法は、酢酸、乳酸、酪酸等の有機酸水溶液に脱アセチル化キチンを浸漬し酸塩処理するが、このときに有機酸水溶液に浸漬すると脱アセチル化キチンが膨潤するので次の濾過工程において非常に時間がかかり、濾材が目詰まりする場合もあり工業的な生産には限界があった。さらに、濾過できた有機酸塩は酸処理工程で一部溶解しているものもあり、このため乾燥後に繊維同士が固着してしまい開繊などの後加工に支障が生じる場合があった。
【0010】
本発明は、出血部位に適用しゲル化した場合に、余分のものを容易に取除くことができる止血材およびその製造方法において改善された方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、このような課題を解決するために鋭意検討を重ねた結果、有機酸塩としてマレイン酸を用いることで、余剰の止血材の手術創からの除去性が向上し、また酸塩化処理の工程において脱アセチル化キチンの膨潤が抑えられることを見出し、本発明に到達した。
【0012】
すなわち、本発明の第一は、脱アセチル化キチンのマレイン酸塩からなる止血材を要旨とするものであり、特に、脱アセチル化キチンが、キチンの脱アセチル化度が20%〜90%である前記止血材又は0.1質量%の水分散液のpHが、2.5〜5の範囲になる前記止血材を好適な態様とするものである。
本発明の第二は、脱アセチル化キチンを、マレイン酸のメタノール溶液に浸漬して脱アセチル化キチンのマレイン酸塩を形成し、洗浄、乾燥して止血材を得ることを特徴とする前記止血材の製造方法を要旨とするものである。
【0013】
【発明の実施の態様】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
キチンとは、甲殻類、昆虫類等の外骨格を塩酸処理並びに苛性ソーダ処理して灰分および蛋白質を除去して得られるもの及びその誘導体をいい、通常のキチン(ポリ-N-アセチル-D-グルコサミン)及びその脱アセチル化物、さらにはグルコサミン残基の-OH基または-CH2OH基がエステル化、エーテル化、カルボキシメチル化あるいはO-エチル化等に修飾されたキチン誘導体も含まれる。
【0014】
本発明で用いられる脱アセチル化キチンは、上記のキチンをアルカリ処理という周知の方法により得ることができる。この際、使用するアルカリ濃度、処理温度、処理時間等を適宜変えることにより、脱アセチル化度を容易に調整することができる。
【0015】
ここで、脱アセチル化度とは以下に示す方法で測定した値をいう。試料約2gを2M−塩酸水溶液200mL中に投入し、室温で30分間攪拌する。次に、ガラスフィルターで濾過して塩酸水溶液を除去した後、200mLの無水メタノール中に投入して30分間攪拌し、ガラスフィルターで濾過後、無水メタノール200mL中に投入し30分間攪拌する。このメタノールによる洗浄操作を4回繰り返した後、風乾および真空乾燥する。乾燥後、約0.2gを100mL三角フラスコに精秤、更にイオン交換水40mLを加えて30分間攪拌する。次に、この溶液を、フェノールフタレインを指示薬として0.1M−苛性ソーダ-水溶液で中和滴定する。脱アセチル化度は次式によって求められる。
【0016】
A(%)=〔(2.03×f×b×10-2)/(a+0.055×f×b×10-2)〕×100
ただしaは試料の重量(g)、fは0.1M−苛性ソーダ水溶液の力価、bは0.1M−苛性ソーダ水溶液の滴定量(mL)である。
【0017】
本発明で用いられる脱アセチル化キチンの好ましい脱アセチル化度は、20〜90%であり、さらに好ましくは30〜85%であり、最も好ましくは40〜70%である。脱アセチル化度が20%未満では、出血部位に適用してもゲル化が弱く、充分な止血効果が得られないことがあり、また90%を超えると出血部位に適用しても血液等により溶解流失することがある。
【0018】
本発明の止血材は、上記した脱アセチル化キチンがマレイン酸により塩を形成しているものからなるものである。得られた止血材を0.1%の水分散液とした場合に、その分散液のpHが好ましくは2.5〜5の範囲になるものであり、より好ましくは3.0〜4.5である。
【0019】
また、本発明の止血材の形態としては、脱アセチル化キチンのマレイン酸塩が繊維状をしており、これから嵩高い綿状体、フェルト状体、球状体、棒状体、マット状体、シート状体に成形されているものを挙げることができる。また、脱アセチル化キチンのマレイン酸塩がフィルム、多孔体、粉末などの形態を有しているものでも構わない。
【0020】
次に、本発明の止血材の製造方法について説明する。
まず、上記したようなキチンから脱アセチル化キチンを得る。この場合繊維状であれば、止血材の形態として嵩高い綿状体、フェルト状体、球状体、棒状体、マット状体、シート状体などに成形することが可能となるので好ましい。脱アセチル化の工程は、繊維化工程の前後いずれでも構わない。キチンを溶剤に溶かしてから繊維にする方法としては、通常の湿式紡糸法または湿式成型法を採用することができる。溶剤としてはキチン又はその誘導体の種類によって適切なものを使用することができる。例えば、天然物を精製したままのキチン及び脱アセチル化度の比較的低いキチンについては、ハロゲン化炭化水素とトリクロル酢酸の混合物、N-メチルピロリドンまたはN,N-ジメチルアセトアミドと塩化リチウムとの混合物が好ましく使用され、脱アセチル化度の高いキトサンに対しては、酢酸等の酸水溶液が好ましく用いられる。
【0021】
例えば、キチンを上記溶剤に溶かしてドープを作製し、ステンレスネット等のフィルターで濾過して未溶解部分や異物を除去した後、ギヤポンプ等で輸送、計量し、細孔であるノズルから水、アルコール類、ケトン類、アルカリ溶液等の凝固液中に押し出して凝固する。凝固物は回転ローラー等にて一定速度で引き取ることにより、繊維を得ることができる。
【0022】
キチン又は脱アセチル化キチンの繊維とは、長手方向に長い形状のものであればよい。繊維の直径は1〜120μmが好ましく、さらに好ましくは5〜50μmであり、最も好ましくは8〜30μmである。繊維の直径が1μm以下の場合は繊維の強度が弱く、成形性に劣り操作性が落ちる。また直径120μm以上の繊維は剛直になり過ぎるため、適用時の操作性および密着性が悪くなる。
【0023】
キチン繊維の長さは、カッティングにより任意の長さのものを得ることができるが、あまり長いものでは綿状にする際に充分分散させることが難しくなる。逆に極端に短すぎると繊維同士が絡み難く止血部位への適用の際に散らばってしまう。また、耐血圧の強度も得られなくなるため、0.05〜15.0cmが好ましく、より好ましくは0.1〜8.0cmであり、最適には0.2〜3.0cmである。
【0024】
次に脱アセチル化キチンをマレイン酸により酸塩を形成させる。そのための方法としては、脱アセチル化キチンをマレイン酸の酸溶液に浸漬して塩にする方法が挙げられる。例えば、脱アセチル化キチンをマレイン酸のメタノール溶液もしくは水溶液に30分以上浸漬後、濾過しメタノールやエタノール等のアルコール類で洗浄し乾燥させればよい。これらのうち、メタノールを用いることが好ましい。メタノール中で塩形成を行った場合、従来、水溶液中での塩形成反応で生じていた膨潤・ゲル化が生じることなく塩形成可能である。さらに、メタノール中での塩形成は0.1M以上のマレイン酸濃度であれば十分であるので、マレイン酸の使用量を低減することができる。また、水溶液を用いることもできるが、この場合にはマレイン酸濃度が2M以上で行うのが好ましい。2M以下では水溶液中で脱アセチル化キチンが膨潤する場合があるので好ましくない。
【0025】
本発明の止血材の形態としては、嵩高い綿状体、フェルト状体、球状体、棒状体、マット状体、シート状体、フィルム、多孔体、粉末等が挙げられる。例えば、嵩高い綿状体にするには、開繊機で開繊することにより、綿状体の嵩比重を小さくして、嵩高い綿状体を得ることができる。開繊機としては、金属ブラシ、ミキサー、メッシュ付エアー分散機、オープナー、カード機、粉砕機、ミル、ブレンダー等を用いることが出来る。この嵩高い綿状体は形状加工が容易なため、さまざまな形状をした創傷部位にあわせて止血材の形状・形態を任意にかえられることによって創面に均一に密着させることができ止血効果を最大限発揮させることができる。そのため、嵩比重は小さいほうがよいが、繊維同士が適度に絡み合うためにはその限界があるし、又小さすぎると繊維が飛散したり、操作性が悪くなる。また、適用時に隙間ができてしまい完全に止血することが困難になるため、0.002〜0.1g/cm3がよく、好ましくは0.005〜0.02g/cm3程度である。
【0026】
ここで、嵩比重とは次のようにしてもとめたものである。▲1▼得られた綿状物を標準状態下(20℃、65%RH)で、約1g計り取り精秤する(計測重量:Wg)。▲2▼標準状態下で200mLプラスチック製メスシリンダー内に均一に充填する。▲3▼次に、直径35mmの重さ0.5gの平円板を▲2▼で準備された綿状物の上にのせ、更にその上に50gの分銅を30秒間のせたあと分銅を取り除き30秒放置する。この操作を3回繰り返し、充填された綿状物の容積Vを測定。次式に従い比容積をサンプル3個について求めその平均値を採用する。
嵩比重(g/cm3)=W/V
この綿状物は出血部位の創の面積に応じて適量を細片にして付与することが可能であり、さらに粉末のようにこぼれ落ちて他の臓器を癒着させる恐れもなく、好ましい。
【0027】
本発明の止血材の製造方法においては、脱アセチル化キチンマレイン酸塩の繊維を開繊後に圧縮や成形等によりフェルト状、マット状、球状、棒状、シート状に加工することができる。例えば、シート状物に加工するには、繊維状脱アセチル化キチンのマレイン酸塩を開繊した後、プレス機にて加圧成形すればよい。プレス機としては、例えばシートマシーン(熊谷理機工業社製)等を用いることができる。プレス機にて加圧成形する際、例えば、加圧時間、加圧圧力等を適宜変更することにより、任意の硬さのシートを作製することが可能である。また、単位面積あたりの繊維量を適宜変更することにより任意の厚みのシートができる。このときの目付量としては、5〜500mg/cm2が好ましく、10〜300mg/cm2がさらに好ましく、20〜150mg/cm2が最適である。このシート状物は関節手術における骨切面など垂直な出血部位に用いる際に好適である。
【0028】
本発明の止血材は、通常滅菌されて使用されるが、その滅菌方法としては、特に限定されるものではなく、エチレンオキサイドガス滅菌、電子線滅菌、ガンマ線滅菌、高圧蒸気滅菌等があげられる。
【0029】
本発明の止血材は、外科、脳神経外科、整形外科、呼吸器外科、消化器外科、形成外科、心臓血管外科、耳鼻咽喉科、肛門科、泌尿器科、産婦人科、口腔外科、歯科、獣医科などの通常外科的手術に伴う出血部位に用いることが可能で、主として胃、食道、肝臓、膵臓、脾臓、胸骨剥離面、仙骨前面、脊椎、脊髄、小腸、大腸、胆のう、腎臓、心臓、膀胱、子宮、肛門、硬膜表面、硬膜近傍骨部、大腿骨や脛骨などの関節手術における骨きり面などに好適に用いられる。
【0030】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例によってさらに具体的に説明する。
実施例1
キチンの原料を100メッシュパスの粒径に粉砕し、1M−塩酸にて4℃で1時間処理した後、3%苛性ソーダ中90℃で3時間加熱処理し、再度キチンの粉末中に含まれるカルシウム分およびタンパク質を除去し、水洗を繰り返し乾燥した。塩化リチウムを8重量%含むジメチルアセトアミド溶液に得られたキチンを0.2重量%の濃度になるように溶解し、30℃における溶液の粘度を測定したところ265mPa・sであった。
【0031】
次に得られたキチンを8重量%の塩化リチウムを含んだジメチルアセトアミド溶液に7重量%となるように溶解し、ドープを得た。得られたドープは、1480メッシュの金網で濾過し放置脱泡後、タンクに入れ加圧下でギヤポンプにて輸送し、口径0.04mmのノズルから80℃の熱水中に押出し凝固した後、10m/minの速度で引取り再度熱水洗浄、乾燥すると0.81単糸dtexのキチン繊維を得ることができた。上記のごとく得られたキチン繊維を3mmの長さに定長カットした。
【0032】
3mmにカットしたキチン繊維は30%水酸化ナトリウム溶液中で121℃にて1時間処理を行った。処理後、中和、洗浄、乾燥し綿状体を得た。得られた綿状体を構成するキチン繊維の脱アセチル化度は58%であった。
【0033】
この綿状体を0.1Mのマレイン酸のメタノール溶液に室温で30分浸漬した後、ブフナー漏斗およびアスピレーターを用い吸引濾過し、メタノールで15分間の洗浄を5回繰り返し乾燥させた。ミキサー(株式会社日立家電社製、VA-W26)にて酸塩処理した繊維状脱アセチル化キチンを開繊し嵩高い綿状の止血材を得た。滅菌処理としてエチレンオキサイド滅菌を行った。このときの嵩比重は0.0125g/cm3、平均繊維直径11μmであった。得られた止血材の0.1%水分散液のpH(25℃)は、3.8であった。
【0034】
実施例2
実施例1において、0.1Mマレイン酸メタノール溶液による酸塩処理を、3Mマレイン酸水溶液による処理に代えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして止血材を得た。
【0035】
比較例1
実施例1において、0.1Mマレイン酸メタノール溶液による酸塩処理を、2M塩酸水溶液による処理に代えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして止血材を得た。滅菌処理としてエチレンオキサイド滅菌を行った。得られた止血材の物性値は0.1%水分散液のpH(25℃)が4.3であったこと除き実施例1と同じであった。
【0036】
比較例2
実施例1の途中工程で得られた3mmのキチン繊維を脱アセチル化しないでミキサー(株式会社日立家電社製、VA-W26)にて開繊し、綿状物を得た。滅菌処理としてエチレンオキサイド滅菌を行った。このときの嵩比重は0.0125g/cm3、平均繊維直径は11μmであった。
【0037】
試験例1〔除去性の評価〕
実施例1及び比較例1で得られた止血材を用い、以下のようにして除去性を評価するための試験を行った。テーパック(東商実業株式会社製、お茶パックL)に止血材をいれ、蒸留水に5分間浸漬後、5分間吊り下げ水切りをした状態の止血材を飽和吸水状態の止血材とした。この飽和吸水状態の止血材をガラスシャーレに約5g計りとり精評する(初期重量:S)。歯科用ピンセット(先曲・精密タイプ)にて最大限掴み取れる量を掴み、飽和吸水状態の止血材を除去し、このときの残重量(Z)を測定する。残重量が0gに近づくまで繰り返し除去操作を行った。除去率を次式により求め除去性の評価指標とした。測定は5回繰り返し行い平均値を採用した。
除去率=(1−Z(g)/S(g))×100
【0038】
得られた結果を図1に示す。図1から分かるように本発明の止血材(実施例1)は、脱アセチル化キチン塩酸塩(比較例1)よりも100%取除くまでの除去回数が少なくてすみ、明らかに除去性に優れている。
【0039】
試験例2〔止血効果及び除去性の評価〕
実施例1及び比較例1で得られた止血材並びに比較例2で得られた綿状物を用い、以下のようにして止血効果及び除去性の評価の試験を行った。雑種成犬の腹部を切開し肝臓を取り出した後、縦1cm、横2cm、厚み1mmの切除創を3箇所に作製し出血させた。切除創に前記の止血材と綿状物をそれぞれ35mg付与し、以降の経過を観察した。
実施例1及び比較例1の止血材を付与した創では止血材がゲル化し、創に密着して止血効果を発揮した。止血に要した時間は2分であった。一方、比較例2の綿状物を付与した創からは2分以上経過しても出血は続いていた。
止血後、実施例1の剰余止血材はピンセットにより除去できた。止血材除去時の再出血も確認されなかった。一方、比較例1における剰余止血材はゲル化した繊維の集合体が非常に柔らかいためピンセットによる除去性が実施例1より劣った。
【0040】
比較例3〜8
実施例1において、マレイン酸のメタノール溶液を用いた酸塩化処理の代わりに、有機酸として5Mの酢酸、乳酸及びL−リンゴ酸を、溶媒としてメタノール及び水を用いた組合わせで酸塩化処理を行ない、その際の脱アセチル化キチンの浸漬状態を観察した。その後、実施例1と同様に濾過、乾燥、開繊を行い止血材を得た。得られた止血材と蒸留水とを接触させ止血材のゲル化の様子を観察した。得られた結果を表1に示した。表1には実施例1及び実施例2で得られた止血材についても同様の観察を行い併せて表1に示した。
【0041】
【表1】
【0042】
浸漬状態については、比較例3、5、6及び7のものにおいて、繊維が膨潤・ゲル化し一部繊維同士が固着する状態を示した。このような状態のものを乾燥し開繊しても粉末になり、嵩高い綿状のものは得られなかった。一方、実施例1、2、比較例4、8のものは変化がなく、乾燥後開繊することにより嵩高い綿状物が得られた。
【0043】
蒸留水と接触した場合のゲル化の程度については、比較例4、8を除いたほかはゲルになっており止血材として良好に使用できることを示した。比較例4、8のものはゲルにならなかった。
【0044】
【発明の効果】
本発明の止血材を上記の出血部位に付与することにより、ゲル化し出血部位に強く付着するので、激しい出血に対しても短時間で確実な止血を行うことができる。また、止血完了後、縫合不全や感染の危険性を少なくするために剰余の止血材をピンセットでの除去や生理食塩水などによる洗浄により除去するが、本発明の止血材は除去性に優れているためピンセットや鉗子等で容易に剰余の止血材を除去することができる。また、止血完了後、剰余の止血材をピンセット等により除去する際、止血に関与している部分の止血材は止血部位から剥離することがないので、再出血をおこさず極めて好適である。したがって、手術時の医師および患者の負担を著しく軽減するものであり非常に有効である。
また本発明の止血材の製造方法は、塩形成溶液中での膨潤がないため次工程の濾過および開繊等の成形加工が極めて容易に行え、工業的にも生産可能な方法である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】止血材の除去性を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a hemostatic material, and more particularly, an effective hemostatic action against bleeding from an incision or excision wound in a surgical operation or the like, an extraction wound, an organ such as a liver or a pancreas, or bleeding from an osteotomy surface in a joint operation. It is related with the hemostatic material which has.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Examples of the hemostasis method during surgery include a compression method, a ligation method, an electrocoagulation method, a laser coagulation method, an infrared coagulation method, a freezing method, and methods using various hemostatic materials. For venous bleeding, compression hemostasis alone is sufficient, and hemostasis is easy.
[0003]
On the other hand, in the case of arterial bleeding where the bleeding point is clear, ligation, suturing, and hemostasis by electrocoagulation are the usual methods. However, ligation and suturing can be performed when the bleeding site is fragile or from microvessels such as capillaries. Cannot be used for bleeding bleeding. Although the effectiveness of the electrocoagulation method, laser coagulation method, infrared coagulation method, and refrigeration method has been recognized, an expensive device is required for any method, and the bleeding site is in a wide range. It cannot be denied that it is difficult to use when reaching.
[0004]
Although compression hemostasis is very effective for bleeding from thin blood vessels, it cannot be used in a narrow surgical field where compression is difficult, and there are problems such as requiring a relatively long time for hemostasis. Therefore, in the case where time is limited as in surgery, various hemostatic materials are currently used to compensate for these problems and perform the surgery smoothly.
[0005]
As a specific example of such a hemostatic material, for example, a hemostatic material made of oxidized cellulose, gelatin, and fibrillar collagen is commercially available. Oxidized cellulose has a significant affinity with hemoglobin in blood when it comes into contact with blood, so it forms a clot and leads to hemostasis. A gelatinous sponge is commercially available, and exhibits hemostatic effect by absorbing blood and swelling and compressing the local area. Microfibrous collagen activates platelets when it comes into contact with blood, and the activated platelets adhere to collagen to form aggregates, leading to hemostasis.
[0006]
Further, JP-A 63-211122, JP-A-9-19653, and JP-A-9-169654 disclose that chitin or chitin derivatives hydrochloride and organic acid salt have a hemostatic effect. Yes. Among these, the hemostatic material composed of fibrous deacetylated chitinate swells and adheres strongly to the bleeding site when applied to the bleeding site, and can quickly and surely stop hemostasis without flowing even blood that swells out. It is.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when a hemostatic material composed of fibrous deacetylated chitin hydrochloride is used for hemostasis of a surgical wound, it is necessary to wash and remove excess with physiological saline after hemostasis. When the hemostatic material composed of fibrous deacetylated chitin hydrochloride comes into contact with the bleeding site, the fiber swells and gels due to liquid absorption. The remaining hemostatic material that has swollen and gelled is very soft and difficult to remove with forceps. Further, in washing with physiological saline or the like, a portion adhering to the bleeding site due to swelling gelation may remain in a large amount without being washed away. The hemostatic material composed of excess fibrous deacetylated chitin hydrochloride that has not been involved in hemostasis remaining in large amounts in the surgical wound absorbs exudate and swells. For this reason, closure failure such as opening a surgical wound closed by suturing may occur, and its application is limited.
[0008]
Oxidized cellulose may cause re-bleeding when excess is removed after hemostasis, and fibrillar collagen may shift in the case of severe bleeding, both of which have limited application.
[0009]
In addition, a method for producing a hemostatic material comprising an organic acid salt of deacetylated chitin is to immerse deacetylated chitin in an organic acid aqueous solution such as acetic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid, etc. When soaked, deacetylated chitin swells, so it takes a very long time in the next filtration step, and the filter medium may be clogged, which limits the industrial production. Furthermore, some of the organic acid salts that can be filtered are dissolved in the acid treatment step, and thus the fibers are fixed to each other after drying, which may hinder post-processing such as opening.
[0010]
An object of the present invention is to provide a hemostatic material which can easily remove excess when applied to a bleeding site and gelled, and an improved method in the method for producing the hemostatic material.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies in order to solve such problems, the present inventors have improved the removability of surplus hemostatic material from surgical wounds by using maleic acid as the organic acid salt, The present inventors have found that swelling of deacetylated chitin can be suppressed in the chlorination process.
[0012]
That is, the first of the present invention is a hemostatic material comprising a maleate of deacetylated chitin, and in particular, deacetylated chitin has a chitin deacetylation degree of 20% to 90%. The said hemostatic material from which the pH of a certain said hemostatic material or 0.1 mass% aqueous dispersion becomes the range of 2.5-5 is made into a suitable aspect.
In the second aspect of the present invention, the hemostatic material is characterized in that a deacetylated chitin is immersed in a maleic acid methanol solution to form a maleate of deacetylated chitin, washed and dried to obtain a hemostatic material. The gist of the manufacturing method of the material.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
Chitin refers to those obtained by removing ash and protein by treating exoskeletons of crustaceans, insects, etc. with hydrochloric acid and caustic soda, and their derivatives. Ordinary chitin (poly-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) And a deacetylated product thereof, and further a chitin derivative in which the —OH group or —CH 2 OH group of the glucosamine residue is modified by esterification, etherification, carboxymethylation, O-ethylation or the like.
[0014]
The deacetylated chitin used in the present invention can be obtained by a known method of treating the above chitin with alkali treatment. At this time, the degree of deacetylation can be easily adjusted by appropriately changing the alkali concentration, treatment temperature, treatment time and the like used.
[0015]
Here, the degree of deacetylation means a value measured by the following method. About 2 g of the sample is put into 200 mL of 2M-hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Next, after filtering with a glass filter to remove the aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, the solution is put into 200 mL of anhydrous methanol and stirred for 30 minutes. After filtering with a glass filter, the solution is put into 200 mL of anhydrous methanol and stirred for 30 minutes. This washing operation with methanol is repeated four times, followed by air drying and vacuum drying. After drying, about 0.2 g is precisely weighed into a 100 mL Erlenmeyer flask, and further 40 mL of ion exchange water is added and stirred for 30 minutes. Next, this solution is subjected to neutralization titration with 0.1M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution using phenolphthalein as an indicator. Deacetylation degree is calculated | required by following Formula.
[0016]
A (%) = [(2.03 × f × b × 10 −2 ) / (a + 0.055 × f × b × 10 −2 )] × 100
Here, a is the weight (g) of the sample, f is the titer of the 0.1M caustic soda aqueous solution, and b is the titer (mL) of the 0.1M caustic soda aqueous solution.
[0017]
The preferable degree of deacetylation of the deacetylated chitin used in the present invention is 20 to 90%, more preferably 30 to 85%, and most preferably 40 to 70%. If the degree of deacetylation is less than 20%, gelation is weak even when applied to the bleeding site, and a sufficient hemostatic effect may not be obtained. Dissolution may occur.
[0018]
The hemostatic material of the present invention consists of the above-mentioned deacetylated chitin that forms a salt with maleic acid. When the obtained hemostatic material is a 0.1% aqueous dispersion, the pH of the dispersion is preferably in the range of 2.5 to 5, more preferably 3.0 to 4.5. It is.
[0019]
Further, as the form of the hemostatic material of the present invention, the maleate of deacetylated chitin is in the form of a fiber, and from this, a bulky cotton-like body, felt-like body, spherical body, rod-like body, mat-like body, sheet The thing shape | molded by the shape body can be mentioned. Further, the maleate of deacetylated chitin may be in the form of a film, a porous body, a powder or the like.
[0020]
Next, the manufacturing method of the hemostatic material of this invention is demonstrated.
First, deacetylated chitin is obtained from chitin as described above. In this case, the fibrous form is preferable because the hemostatic material can be formed into a bulky cotton-like body, felt-like body, spherical body, rod-like body, mat-like body, sheet-like body or the like. The deacetylation process may be performed before or after the fiberizing process. As a method of dissolving chitin in a solvent and then forming a fiber, a normal wet spinning method or wet molding method can be employed. As the solvent, an appropriate solvent can be used depending on the kind of chitin or a derivative thereof. For example, for chitin as it is purified from natural products and chitin with a relatively low degree of deacetylation, a mixture of halogenated hydrocarbon and trichloroacetic acid, a mixture of N-methylpyrrolidone or N, N-dimethylacetamide and lithium chloride Is preferably used, and an aqueous acid solution such as acetic acid is preferably used for chitosan having a high degree of deacetylation.
[0021]
For example, dope is prepared by dissolving chitin in the above solvent, filtered with a filter such as a stainless steel net to remove undissolved parts and foreign matter, and then transported and measured with a gear pump etc. It is solidified by extrusion into a coagulating liquid such as a ketone, a ketone or an alkaline solution. A fiber can be obtained by taking the coagulated material at a constant speed with a rotating roller or the like.
[0022]
The fiber of chitin or deacetylated chitin may be a long shape in the longitudinal direction. The diameter of the fiber is preferably 1 to 120 μm, more preferably 5 to 50 μm, and most preferably 8 to 30 μm. When the fiber diameter is 1 μm or less, the strength of the fiber is weak, the formability is poor, and the operability is lowered. Further, fibers having a diameter of 120 μm or more become too rigid, so that the operability and adhesion at the time of application deteriorate.
[0023]
The length of the chitin fiber can be obtained by cutting, but if it is too long, it is difficult to sufficiently disperse it when it is made cotton. On the other hand, if the length is too short, the fibers are hardly entangled and scattered when applied to the hemostatic site. Moreover, since the intensity | strength of blood pressure resistance is no longer obtained, 0.05-15.0 cm is preferable, More preferably, it is 0.1-8.0 cm, Optimally, it is 0.2-3.0 cm.
[0024]
The deacetylated chitin is then formed with maleic acid to form an acid salt. As a method for that purpose, there is a method in which deacetylated chitin is immersed in an acid solution of maleic acid to form a salt. For example, deacetylated chitin may be immersed in a methanol solution or aqueous solution of maleic acid for 30 minutes or longer, filtered, washed with alcohols such as methanol or ethanol, and dried. Of these, methanol is preferably used. When salt formation is performed in methanol, it is possible to form a salt without causing swelling or gelation that has conventionally occurred in a salt formation reaction in an aqueous solution. Furthermore, since the maleic acid concentration of 0.1 M or more is sufficient for salt formation in methanol, the amount of maleic acid used can be reduced. An aqueous solution can also be used. In this case, the maleic acid concentration is preferably 2M or more. Less than 2M is not preferable because deacetylated chitin may swell in an aqueous solution.
[0025]
Examples of the form of the hemostatic material of the present invention include bulky cotton-like bodies, felt-like bodies, spherical bodies, rod-like bodies, mat-like bodies, sheet-like bodies, films, porous bodies, and powders. For example, in order to obtain a bulky cotton-like body, the bulk specific gravity of the cotton-like body can be reduced by opening with a spreader, and a bulky cotton-like body can be obtained. As the spreader, a metal brush, a mixer, an air disperser with a mesh, an opener, a card machine, a pulverizer, a mill, a blender, or the like can be used. Since this bulky cotton-like body is easy to shape, the shape and form of the hemostatic material can be changed arbitrarily according to the wound site of various shapes, so that the wound surface can be evenly adhered to the wound surface, maximizing the hemostatic effect. It can be made to the limit. Therefore, it is better that the bulk specific gravity is small, but there is a limit in order for the fibers to be properly entangled with each other, and if the fiber is too small, the fibers are scattered or the operability is deteriorated. Further, since a gap is formed at the time of application and it is difficult to completely stop bleeding, 0.002 to 0.1 g / cm 3 is preferable, and preferably about 0.005 to 0.02 g / cm 3 .
[0026]
Here, the bulk specific gravity is determined as follows. {Circle around (1)} About 1 g of the obtained cotton-like product is weighed and measured under standard conditions (20 ° C., 65% RH) (measured weight: Wg). (2) Fill a 200 mL plastic graduated cylinder uniformly under standard conditions. (3) Next, place a flat disk with a diameter of 35 g and a weight of 0.5 g on the cotton-like material prepared in (2), put 50 g of weight on it for 30 seconds, and then remove the weight. Leave for 30 seconds. This operation was repeated three times, and the volume V of the filled cotton was measured. The specific volume is obtained for three samples according to the following formula, and the average value is adopted.
Bulk specific gravity (g / cm 3 ) = W / V
This cotton-like material can be applied in a small amount according to the wound area of the bleeding site, and is preferred because there is no fear of spilling and adhering to other organs like powder.
[0027]
In the method for producing a hemostatic material of the present invention, the fiber of deacetylated chitin maleate can be processed into a felt shape, a mat shape, a spherical shape, a rod shape, or a sheet shape by compression or molding after opening. For example, in order to process into a sheet-like material, the maleic acid salt of fibrous deacetylated chitin is opened and then press-molded with a press. As the press machine, for example, a sheet machine (manufactured by Kumagai Riki Kogyo Co., Ltd.) can be used. When press molding with a press, for example, a sheet having any hardness can be produced by appropriately changing the pressurization time, pressurization pressure, and the like. Moreover, a sheet having an arbitrary thickness can be formed by appropriately changing the amount of fibers per unit area. The basis weight of this time is preferably 5 to 500 mg / cm 2, more preferably 10~300mg / cm 2, 20~150mg / cm 2 is optimal. This sheet-like material is suitable for use in a vertical bleeding site such as a bone cut surface in joint surgery.
[0028]
The hemostatic material of the present invention is usually used after being sterilized, but the sterilization method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ethylene oxide gas sterilization, electron beam sterilization, gamma ray sterilization, and high-pressure steam sterilization.
[0029]
The hemostatic material of the present invention can be used in surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedics, respiratory surgery, digestive surgery, plastic surgery, cardiovascular surgery, otolaryngology, anus, urology, obstetrics and gynecology, oral surgery, dentistry, veterinary medicine It can be used for bleeding sites associated with normal surgical operations such as department, mainly stomach, esophagus, liver, pancreas, spleen, sternal peeling surface, sacrum, spine, spinal cord, small intestine, large intestine, gallbladder, kidney, heart, It is suitably used for the bladder, uterus, anus, dural surface, bone portion near the dura mater, bone cutting surface in joint surgery such as femur and tibia.
[0030]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
Example 1
The chitin raw material was pulverized to a particle size of 100 mesh pass, treated with 1M-hydrochloric acid at 4 ° C for 1 hour, then heat-treated at 90 ° C for 3 hours in 3% caustic soda, and the calcium contained in the chitin powder again. Minutes and proteins were removed and the water was washed repeatedly and dried. Chitin obtained in a dimethylacetamide solution containing 8% by weight of lithium chloride was dissolved to a concentration of 0.2% by weight, and the viscosity of the solution at 30 ° C. was measured to be 265 mPa · s.
[0031]
Next, the obtained chitin was dissolved in a dimethylacetamide solution containing 8% by weight of lithium chloride so as to be 7% by weight to obtain a dope. The obtained dope was filtered through a 1480 mesh wire net, left to degas, placed in a tank, transported with a gear pump under pressure, extruded from a nozzle with a diameter of 0.04 mm into hot water at 80 ° C., and solidified. When taken up at a speed of / min, washed with hot water again and dried, 0.81 monofilament dtex chitin fibers could be obtained. The chitin fiber obtained as described above was cut to a length of 3 mm.
[0032]
The chitin fiber cut to 3 mm was treated in a 30% sodium hydroxide solution at 121 ° C. for 1 hour. After the treatment, neutralized, washed and dried to obtain a cotton-like body. The degree of deacetylation of the chitin fibers constituting the obtained cotton-like body was 58%.
[0033]
This cotton-like body was immersed in a 0.1 M maleic acid methanol solution at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then suction filtered using a Buchner funnel and an aspirator, and then washed with methanol for 15 minutes and dried five times. The fibrous deacetylated chitin treated with an acid salt was opened using a mixer (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd., VA-W26) to obtain a bulky cotton-like hemostatic material. Ethylene oxide sterilization was performed as a sterilization treatment. The bulk specific gravity at this time was 0.0125 g / cm 3 and the average fiber diameter was 11 μm. The pH (25 ° C.) of the 0.1% aqueous dispersion of the obtained hemostatic material was 3.8.
[0034]
Example 2
In Example 1, a hemostatic material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the acid treatment with 0.1M maleic acid methanol solution was replaced with the treatment with 3M maleic acid aqueous solution.
[0035]
Comparative Example 1
In Example 1, a hemostatic material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the acid treatment with 0.1 M maleic acid methanol solution was replaced with the treatment with 2 M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution. Ethylene oxide sterilization was performed as a sterilization treatment. The physical properties of the obtained hemostatic material were the same as those in Example 1 except that the pH (25 ° C.) of the 0.1% aqueous dispersion was 4.3.
[0036]
Comparative Example 2
The 3 mm chitin fiber obtained in the intermediate step of Example 1 was opened with a mixer (VA-W26, manufactured by Hitachi Home Appliances Co., Ltd.) without deacetylation to obtain a cotton-like product. Ethylene oxide sterilization was performed as a sterilization treatment. At this time, the bulk specific gravity was 0.0125 g / cm 3 and the average fiber diameter was 11 μm.
[0037]
Test Example 1 [Evaluation of Removability]
Using the hemostatic material obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, a test for evaluating removability was performed as follows. A hemostatic material was placed in a Tepack (Tea Shokan Co., Ltd., tea pack L), immersed in distilled water for 5 minutes, then suspended for 5 minutes and drained for 5 minutes to obtain a saturated water-absorbing hemostatic material. About 5 g of this saturated water-absorbing hemostatic material is weighed into a glass petri dish and is carefully evaluated (initial weight: S). Grasp the maximum amount that can be grasped with dental tweezers (curved and precision type), remove the saturated water-absorbing hemostatic material, and measure the remaining weight (Z). The removal operation was repeated until the remaining weight approached 0 g. The removal rate was determined by the following formula and used as an evaluation index for removability. The measurement was repeated 5 times and the average value was adopted.
Removal rate = (1-Z (g) / S (g)) × 100
[0038]
The obtained results are shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the hemostatic material of the present invention (Example 1) requires 100% less time to remove than deacetylated chitin hydrochloride (Comparative Example 1), and is clearly excellent in removability. ing.
[0039]
Test Example 2 [Evaluation of hemostatic effect and removability]
Using the hemostatic material obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 and the cotton-like material obtained in Comparative Example 2, tests for evaluating the hemostatic effect and removability were performed as follows. After incising the abdomen of a hybrid adult dog and taking out the liver, excised wounds having a length of 1 cm, a width of 2 cm, and a thickness of 1 mm were prepared in three places and bled. 35 mg each of the hemostatic material and the cotton-like material was applied to the excised wound, and the subsequent course was observed.
In the wounds to which the hemostatic material of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were applied, the hemostatic material was gelled and adhered to the wound to exert a hemostatic effect. The time required for hemostasis was 2 minutes. On the other hand, bleeding continued even after 2 minutes from the wound to which the cotton-like product of Comparative Example 2 was applied.
After hemostasis, the surplus hemostatic material of Example 1 could be removed with tweezers. No rebleeding upon removal of the hemostatic material was confirmed. On the other hand, the surplus hemostatic material in Comparative Example 1 was inferior to that of Example 1 in terms of removability by tweezers because the aggregate of gelled fibers was very soft.
[0040]
Comparative Examples 3-8
In Example 1, instead of acidification treatment using a methanol solution of maleic acid, acidification treatment was performed using a combination of 5M acetic acid, lactic acid and L-malic acid as organic acids and methanol and water as solvents. Then, the immersion state of the deacetylated chitin was observed. Thereafter, filtration, drying and fiber opening were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a hemostatic material. The resulting hemostatic material and distilled water were brought into contact with each other, and the state of gelation of the hemostatic material was observed. The obtained results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 also shows the hemostats obtained in Example 1 and Example 2 with the same observations and is shown in Table 1.
[0041]
[Table 1]
[0042]
As for the immersion state, in Comparative Examples 3, 5, 6 and 7, the fibers swelled and gelled and a part of the fibers were fixed. Even when the product in such a state was dried and opened, it became a powder and a bulky cotton-like product was not obtained. On the other hand, Examples 1, 2 and Comparative Examples 4 and 8 had no change, and a bulky cotton-like product was obtained by opening after drying.
[0043]
Regarding the degree of gelation when contacted with distilled water, except for Comparative Examples 4 and 8, it was a gel, indicating that it can be used favorably as a hemostatic material. Comparative Examples 4 and 8 did not become gels.
[0044]
【Effect of the invention】
By applying the hemostatic material of the present invention to the bleeding site, it gels and strongly adheres to the bleeding site, so that it is possible to perform reliable hemostasis in a short time even against severe bleeding. In addition, after hemostasis is completed, excess hemostatic material is removed by tweezers or washing with physiological saline to reduce the risk of suture failure or infection, but the hemostatic material of the present invention has excellent removability. Therefore, excess hemostatic material can be easily removed with tweezers or forceps. In addition, after the hemostasis is completed, when the surplus hemostatic material is removed by tweezers or the like, the hemostatic material in the part related to hemostasis is not peeled off from the hemostatic site, so that it is extremely suitable without causing rebleeding. Therefore, it greatly reduces the burden on doctors and patients at the time of surgery and is very effective.
The method for producing a hemostatic material according to the present invention is a method that can be industrially produced because it does not swell in a salt-forming solution, and can be very easily subjected to molding processing such as filtration and fiber opening in the next step.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a view showing the removability of a hemostatic material.
Claims (4)
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20220133947A1 (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2022-05-05 | Gatt Technologies B.V. | Biocompatible, flexible, haemostatic sheet |
| US12324866B2 (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2025-06-10 | Gatt Technologies B.V. | Method for preparing a tissue-adhesive sheet |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20060127437A1 (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2006-06-15 | Misty Anderson Kennedy | Semisolid system and combination semisolid, multiparticulate system for sealing tissues and/or controlling biological fluids |
| JP5160102B2 (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2013-03-13 | 甲陽ケミカル株式会社 | Amorphous partially deacetylated chitin salt sponge hemostatic material and method for producing the same |
| JP2010024146A (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-02-04 | Unitika Ltd | Hemostat |
| CN102648962A (en) * | 2012-04-20 | 2012-08-29 | 苏州爱斯欧蒂生物科技有限公司 | Medicine for treating gastrointestinal diseases |
| GB201220076D0 (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2012-12-19 | Medtrade Products Ltd | Wound care device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20220133947A1 (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2022-05-05 | Gatt Technologies B.V. | Biocompatible, flexible, haemostatic sheet |
| US12324866B2 (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2025-06-10 | Gatt Technologies B.V. | Method for preparing a tissue-adhesive sheet |
| US12440600B2 (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2025-10-14 | Cilag Gmbh International | Biocompatible, flexible, haemostatic sheet |
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