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JP4948955B2 - 荷重検出制御回路を有する外科ステープル止め器具 - Google Patents
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JP4948955B2 - 荷重検出制御回路を有する外科ステープル止め器具 - Google Patents

荷重検出制御回路を有する外科ステープル止め器具 Download PDF

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JP4948955B2
JP4948955B2 JP2006267232A JP2006267232A JP4948955B2 JP 4948955 B2 JP4948955 B2 JP 4948955B2 JP 2006267232 A JP2006267232 A JP 2006267232A JP 2006267232 A JP2006267232 A JP 2006267232A JP 4948955 B2 JP4948955 B2 JP 4948955B2
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surgical instrument
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フレドリック・イー・シェルトン・ザ・フォース
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07292Reinforcements for staple line, e.g. pledgets
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00017Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • A61B2017/00022Sensing or detecting at the treatment site
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00017Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • A61B2017/00115Electrical control of surgical instruments with audible or visual output
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/06Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/064Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/06Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/064Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension
    • A61B2090/065Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension for measuring contact or contact pressure
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/08Accessories or related features not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/0807Indication means

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)

Description

開示の内容
〔関連出願〕
本願は、参照することを以ってその開示内容の全てを本明細書の一部とする、2005年3月17日出願の米国特許出願第11/082,495号(名称:「電気的に作動する関節運動機構を含む外科器具(Surgical Instrument Incorporating an Electrically Actuated Articulation Mechanism)」)の一部継続出願である。
〔発明の分野〕
本発明は、一般に、ステープル列間の組織を切断するとともに、組織に一連のステープルを取り付けることができる外科ステープラ器具に関連し、詳細には、ステープラ器具に関する改善、およびステープル止めおよび切断される組織への補強材料(bolstering material)を追加することを含む、このようなステープラ器具の様々な構成要素の製造工程の改善に関する。
〔発明の背景〕
内視鏡および腹腔鏡外科器具は、切開部が小さいため、術後の回復が早く、合併症が少なく、従来の開放外科器具よりも好ましい場合が多い。腹腔鏡および内視鏡外科手術は、比較的好評であるため、このような外科手術の発展が、さらに促されている。腹腔鏡外科手術では、小さな切開部を通じて腹部内で手術が行われる。同様に、内視鏡外科手術でも、皮膚の小さな創傷進入口から挿入された細い内視鏡チューブを介して、体の空洞臓器内で手術が行われる。
腹腔鏡および内視鏡外科手術では、通常は手術部位に送気する必要がある。したがって、体内に挿入される全ての器具は、切開部を介して気体が体を出入りしないようにシールする必要がある。さらに、腹腔鏡および内視鏡外科手術では、通常は、外科医が、切開部から離れた器官、組織、および/または血管を処置する必要がある。したがって、このような外科手術に使用する器具は、通常は比較的細長く、器具の近位端部から機能的に制御可能である。
トロカールのカニューレを介して所望の手術部位に遠位エンドエフェクタを正確に配置するのに適した一連の内視鏡外科器具が著しい進歩を遂げてきた。このような遠位エンドエフェクタは、様々な方法で組織に係合して、診断効果または治療効果を上げることができる(例えば、エンドカッター、グラスパー(把持器)、カッター、ステープラ、クリップアプライヤー、アクセス装置、薬物/遺伝子治療送達装置や、超音波、高周波、およびレーザーなどを用いるエネルギー装置)。
既知の外科ステープラは、組織に長手方向の切開部を形成すると同時に、その切開部の対向した両側に一連のステープルを取り付けるエンドエフェクタを含む。このようなエンドエフェクタは、器具が内視鏡または腹腔鏡の用途に用いられる場合、カニューレの通路を通過できる一対の協働するジョー部材を含む。ジョー部材の一方が、横方向に離間した少なくとも2列のステープルを有するステープルカートリッジを受容する。他方のジョー部材は、カートリッジ内のステープル列に整合したステープル成形ポケットを有するアンビルを画定している。この器具は、複数の往復運動ウェッジを含む。このような往復運動ウェッジは、遠位側に移動する時に、ステープルカートリッジの開口を通過してステープルを支持するドライバに係合し、アンビルに向かってステープルを発射する。
外科ステープラの適切な配置および操作を監視するのは、様々なタイプの小さなビデオスコープ(例えば、内視鏡)に依存している。このようなビデオスコープは、ある程度有効であるが、特に、このような監視で外科ステープラによる様々な作動の閉ループ制御を可能にする場合は、外科ステープラの作動の監視を改善するのが望ましい。
したがって、荷重検出機能が組み込まれた、改善された外科ステープル止め/切断器具が強く要望されている。
〔発明の概要〕
本発明は、上記および他の従来技術の欠点を解消するために、外科器具の作動を強化するために圧縮荷重を受け取るように配置された電気圧力センサを含む外科器具を提供する。電気圧力センサを監視する制御回路が、外科器具の動作を容易にするべく、検出した圧縮荷重に応答して制御信号を発生する。
本発明の一態様では、外科器具は、ステープル止めする組織をクランプして圧縮力を圧力変換器に付与する、第1および第2の対向した圧縮面を備えたステープル止め組立体を有する。ステープル止め組立体は、ハンドル部分によって閉じられ、シャフトを介してハンドル部分によって移動される発射部材によって作動する。制御回路は、ステープル止め組立体の検出された圧縮荷重に応答して、制御信号を電気アクチュエータに送信する。したがって、最初の所望の量の組織の適切なクランプ、十分な量の組織が存在しない状態でのアクチュエータの空の発射の防止、または過剰な量の組織が存在する状態でのアクチュエータの効果のない作動の防止によって決まる所望の連続動作を行うことができる。
本発明の別の態様では、外科器具は、シャフトに取り付けられたエンドエフェクタを有する。このシャフトは、ハンドル部分に取り付けられている。発射部材が、ハンドル部分によって移動され、縦方向に往復運動できるようにシャフト内に受容され、エンドエフェクタを作動させて、これにより圧力変換器に対して圧縮荷重を付与する。制御回路が、圧力変換器から受け取る信号に応答して制御信号を発生する。したがって、発射の開始または発射の良好な完了によって決まる所望の連続動作を行うことができる。
本発明のさらに別の態様では、外科器具は、エンドエフェクタの関節動作を可能にする関節動作シャフトを有する。制御回路が、シャフトの関節接合部のセンサから関節動作角を表す信号を受け取り、制御信号を発生することができる。したがって、シャフトおよびエンドエフェクタの所望の関節動作角の達成によって決まる所望の連続動作を行うことができる。
本発明のこれらおよび他の目的および利点は、添付の図面および本発明の説明を読めば明らかになるであろう。
本明細書に含まれ、本明細書の一部を構成する添付の図面は、本発明の実施形態を例示し、上記した本発明の概要および以下の実施形態の詳細な説明と共に、本発明の原理を説明する。
〔発明の詳細な説明〕
各図面において、同様の構成要素には同様の参照符号が付されている。図1において、外科ステープル止め/切断器具10は、ハンドル部分12を含む。このハンドル部分12を操作して、細長いシャフト18の遠位側に取り付けられた締付けエンドエフェクタ、具体的にはステープル止め組立体16から形成された実施部分14を配置することができる。実施部分14は、内視鏡または腹腔鏡外科手術に用いるために、クロージャートリガー24をハンドル部分12のピストルグリップ26に向かって押圧することでステープル止め組立体16の上側ジョー(アンビル)20と下側ジョー22が閉じた状態で、トロカール(不図示)のカニューレを介して挿入できる大きさである。
送気された体腔または内腔内に挿入したら、外科医が、シャフト回転つまみ27を捻って実施部分14をその長軸を中心に回転させることができる。シャフト回転つまみ27は、ハンドル12の遠位端部から細長いシャフト18の近位端部に亘って係合している。外科医は、ハンドル部分12の関節動作制御レバー28を左右いずれかに選択的に動かして、細長いシャフト18の遠位部分およびステープル止め組立体16を、関節接合部30を中心に関節動作させる。したがって、ステープル止め組立体16が、通常なら他の組織によって隠れてしまう組織に接近することができ、また、内視鏡をステープル止め組立体16の後側に配置することができる。このように配置されたら、組織を把持して配置するために、クロージャートリガー24を解放して、アンビル20を開くことができる。所望に配置できたら、外科医は、クロージャートリガー24を押してピストルグリップ26に近接した位置にロックし、ステープル止め組立体16をクランプする。次いで、発射トリガー32を、発射表示目盛り33で発射段階を確認しながら、通常は複数回押す。発射トリガー32を、クロージャートリガー24およびピストルグリップ26に向かって引いて、発射部材(遠位発射バー36に取り付けられた近位発射ロッド34を含むとして示されている)を遠位側に前進させる。発射部材は、ハンドル部分12をステープル止め組立体16に連結しているフレーム接地組立体38内に支持されている。クロージャートリガー24に応答してフレーム接地組立体38がアンビル20を回動させると、外側クロージャースリーブ40が縦方向に移動する。
組織の薄い層および/または厚い層のステープル止めを助けるために、上部バットレスパッド42および下部バットレスパッド44のバットレス材料を、アンビル20の内面、および下側ジョー22の細長いステープル溝型部材47内に係合したステープルカートリッジ46の内面に設けることができる。ステープル止め組立体16を発射した後、上下のバットレスクランプ48および50を作動させて、クランプされた組織とともに切断およびステープル止めされたバットレスパッド42および44の係合を解除し、発射トリガー32が解放され、クロージャー解放ボタン52が押されてクロージャートリガー24のロックが解除され、ステープル止め組立体16が開いた時に、バットレスパッド42および44が、ステープル止めおよび切断された組織の両端部とともに残置されるようにする。
発射バー36の遠位端部が、ステープルカートリッジ46の垂直スロットを横断して、クランプされた組織およびバットレスパッド42および44を切断するナイフを含むか、またはナイフに結合されていることを理解されたい。このナイフは、ウェッジ組立体に結合されている。このウェッジ組立体は、クランプされた組織およびバットレスパッド42および44を通して、ステープルを、ステープルカートリッジ46から上方にカム操作し、アンビル20を閉じてこのアンビルに押圧して成形する。次いで、発射バー36を、発射工程最後の解放機構および引戻し付勢力によってハンドル部分12内に引き戻す。外科医は、部分的な発射の後に停止し、かつ/またはハンドル部分12の上部の手動引戻しレバー54を作動させて発射部材34および36の手動引戻しを行うことができる。
図1および図2に示すように、本発明に従って、閉ループ制御システム55が、適切な作動の監視および様々な機構の電気制御による外科ステープル止め/切断器具10の動作を改善することができる。使用者が電源スイッチ56を押して、閉ループ制御システム55を作動させ、バッテリ58として示されている電源を入れる。ハンドル部分12の視覚的確認(状態表示装置)を電源スイッチ56に組み込んで、例えば、「電源オン(POWER ON)」、「動作中‐自己検査通過(OPERATIONALSELF-TEST PASSED)」、「ステープルカートリッジ装着(LOAD STAPLE CARTRIDGE)」、「バットレスパッド装着(LOAD BUTTRESS PADS)」、「システム準備完了/発射待機(SYSTEM LOADED/AWAITING FIRING)」、および「障害検出(FAULT DETECTED)」などのように閉ループ制御システム55の状態を示すことができる(例えば、カラー/フラッシュ照明および/または電源ボタン56の英数字メッセージ)。閉ループ制御システム55が外部のユーザーグラフィカルインターフェイス(例えば、パーソナルコンピュータ)と連結するために、有線または無線プロトコル(例えば、ブルートゥース)を組み込み、さらなるプログラミングの柔軟性を得ることができる。
閉ループ制御システム55は、外科ステープル止め/切断器具10の動作を監視する電気センサからの信号を有利に受け取るコントローラ60を含む。具体的には、ステープルカートリッジ46と細長いステープル溝型部材47との間に設けられた細長い電気活性ポリマー(EAP)荷重ストリップ62(図3)または整列した一連のEAPストリップ63(図4)などの荷重センサが、ステープル止め組立体16におけるクランプ力の大きさを監視する。次いで、適切なクランプ力に達したという判断を、誤った発射を防止する発射ロックアウトアクチュエータ64を作動させるなど、発射前のコントローラ60による事前条件として用いることができる。
EAPの有用な特徴は、検出(変換)能力である。例えば、荷重されたカンチレバー形態のEAPストリップで、優れた動特性(検出モード)を得ることができる。最大約100Hzの高い帯域幅で、高度に再現可能な減衰電気応答が観察される。このような直接的な機械電気的な作用は、かかった応力によるエンド‐イオン移動度(endo-ionic mobility)に関連する。つまり、有限ソフトフェイズフラックス(soft-phase flux)を加えるが、電流を許可しない場合、動的に監視できる特定の共役電界を生み出す。つまり、EAPは、1つのボディで、構造、作動、および検出機能などの多機能を有する。EAPアクチュエータは、以下に詳細に説明する。
例示的な発射ロックアウトアクチュエータ64を、参照することを以ってその開示内容の全てを本明細書の一部とする、同時係属中の自己の2005年3月31日出願の米国特許出願第11/095,428号(名称:「EAP完全発射システムロックアウト機構を含む外科医器具(Surgical Instrument Incorporating EAP Complete Firing System Lockout Mechanism)」)に開示されているように、ハンドル部分12に組み込むことができる。別法として、またはこれに加えて、発射ロックアウトアクチュエータ64は、参照することを以ってその開示内容の全てを本明細書の一部とする、同時係属中の自己の2005年2月25日出願の米国特許出願第11/066,371号(名称:「発射を防止するための電気活性ポリマー作動性シングルロックアウト機構を有する外科ステープル止め器具(Surgical Stapling Instrument Having An Electroactive Polymer Actuated Single Lockout Mechansim For Prevention Of Firing)」)に開示されているように、実施部分14に組み込むことができる。
図1および図2に示されているように、コントローラ60はまた、1または複数の関節動作センサ70からの信号を受け取る。この信号は、関節接合部の関節の角度に反応し、連続および/または不連続の関節動作制限閾値を有する。この情報を用いて、関節動作アクチュエータ72の閉ループ制御を行うことができる。電気的に作動する関節動作の例示的形態が、参照することを以ってその開示内容の全てを本明細書の一部とする、同時係属中の自己の(1)2005年3月17日出願の米国特許出願第11/082,495号(名称:「電気的に作動する関節運動機構を含む外科器具(Surgical Instrument Incorporating an Electrically Actuated Articulation Mechanism)」)、(2)2005年3月31日出願の米国特許出願第11/096,096号(名称:「(電気的に作動する回動関節運動機構を含む外科器具(Surgical Instrument Incorporating an Electrically Actuated Pivoting Articulation Mechanism)」)、(3)2005年3月31日出願の米国特許出願第11/096,158号(名称:「電気的に作動する関節運動機構を含む外科器具(Surgical Instrument Incorporating an Electrically Actuated Articulation Mechanism)」)に開示されている。所望の関節動作角度に達したら、コントローラ60は、電気的に作動する関節動作ロック74に再係合して関節動作を維持する。例示的な関節動作ロックは、言及することを以ってその開示内容の全てを本明細書の一部とする、同時係属中の自己の2005年3月29日出願の米国特許第号(名称:「電気的に作動する関節運動固定機構を含む外科器具(Surgical Instrument Incorporating an Electrically Actuated Articulation Locking Mechanism)」)に開示されている。
本開示の利点において、本発明に一致する適用例が、電気的に関節動作し、かつ/または電気的にロックされるシャフトではなく、機械的に関節動作し、かつ/または機械的にロックされるシャフトを含むことができることを理解されたい。さらに、コントローラ60からの制御信号は、所望の関節動作の角度が得られたため、さらなる関節動作の命令を中止し、かつ/または関節接合部を手動でロックできることを使用者が確認できるように視覚および/または聴覚の情報を単に提供することができる。
図5および図6では、例示的な関節接合部30は、フレーム接地組立体38の近位フレーム接地部分80を含み、近位フレーム接地部分80は、左側の遠位突出フレーム86と右側の遠位突出フレームアーム88との間に形成された垂直凹部84に連通した円柱ピン凹部82を有する。フレーム接地組立体38の遠位フレーム接地部分90は、近位フレーム接地部分80の円柱ピン凹部82内に回動可能に受容された円柱ピン94まで延びたテーパ状の近位突出アーム92を含む。
垂直凹部84の遠位部分において、左右の作動/検出EAPラミネートスタック96および98がそれぞれ、テーパ状の近位突出アーム92の両側に挿入され、左右の遠位突出フレームアーム86および88に取り付けられている。左側の作動/検出EAPラミネートスタック96は、テーパ状の近位突出アーム92に内面全体が取り付けられた左薄層EAP圧力センサ102を備えた左EAP関節動作アクチュエータ100を含む。同様に、右側の作動/検出EAPラミネートスタック98も、テーパ状の近位突出アーム92に内面全体が取り付けられた右薄層EAP圧力センサ106を備えた右EAP関節動作アクチュエータ104を含む。選択したEAP関節動作アクチュエータ104が作動(伸長)すると、左薄層EAP圧力センサ102および/または右薄層EAP圧力センサ106が、関節接合部30の関節動作角を示す圧力の値を検出することができる。
別法として、またはこれに加えて、連続的に関節動作角を検出するために、左右の薄層EAP制限センサ108および110が、最大許容関節動作角度のテーパ状の近位突出アーム92に当接するように傾斜した左右のピボットストッパー112および114の垂直凹部84の近位部分内に配置されている。
図1および図2に戻ると、コントローラ60はまた、遠位発射運動を検出する発射バーセンサ120から信号を受け取る。したがって、コントローラ60は、発射の後に、バットレス配置システム121(例えば、上下のバットレスクランプ48および50)を有利に作動させて、バットレスパッド42および44を自動的に配置することができる。このようなバットレス配置システム121は、参照することを以ってその開示内容の全てを本明細書の一部とする、同時係属中の自己の2005年7月14日出願の米国特許出願第11/181,471号(名称:「電気活性ポリマー作動性バットレス配置機構を有する外科ステープル止め器具(Surgical Stapling Instrument Having an Electroactive Polymer Actuated Buttress Deployment Mechanism)」)に開示されている。別法として、またはこれに加えて、コントローラ60は、治療効果(例えば、凝固、接着、抗菌性など)を上げるために、発射の際に、医療物質供給アクチュエータ122を有利に作動させることができる。このような医療物質供給アクチュエータ122は、参照することを以ってその開示内容の全てを本明細書の一部とする、同時係属中の自己の2005年6月1日出願の米国特許出願第11/157,767号(名称:「電気活性ポリマー作動性医療物質ディスペンサを有する外科ステープル止め器具(Surgical Stapling Instrument Having an Electroactive Polymer Actuated Medical Substance Dispenser)」)に開示されている。別法として、またはこれに加えて、コントローラ60は、自動に引き戻されるように発射ストロークの最後で、バックアップ防止アクチュエータ123を有利に選択的に作動可能および/または作動不可能にすることができる。このようなバックアップ防止アクチュエータ123は、参照することを以ってその開示内容の全てを本明細書の一部とする、同時係属中の自己の2005年7月14日出願の米国特許出願第11/181,046号(名称:「電気活性ポリマーを用いたマルチストローク・エンドエフェクタのバックアップ防止機構(Anti-Backup Mechanism for a Multi-Stroke Endeffector Using Electrically Active Polymers)」)に開示されている。
図7〜図10では、発射バーセンサ120は、完全に発射距離移動すると発射部材の一部に接触するように代替の細長いシャフト124内に配置されたEAPスタックアクチュエータを含む。具体的には、発射部材は、発射バー36の上方にかぎの付いた端部128を受容する発射ロッド34の遠位端部におけるUリンク126を含む。この横に広がった形状のUリンク126が、フレーム接地組立体38の内部に形成された発射部材スロット130の内側に取り付けられた発射バーセンサ120に衝当する。
図7では、ステープルカートリッジ46は、近位側に開口した縦方向スロット136を備えた底部トレー134を含む。複数のステープルドライバ138が、縦方向スロット136の両側の底部トレー134に支持されている。複数のステープル(不図示)が、これらのステープルドライバ138の上に支持されている。ステープル本体140が、ステープルドライバ138の上に配置され、これらのステープルドライバ138に、適当な凹部(不図示)を提供し、ウェッジスレッド142が遠位側に移動するとステープルドライバ138が押し上げられて、ステープル本体140に形成されたステープル開口144からステープルが上方に押し出される。組み立てられたステープルカートリッジ46は、底部トレー134の近位側に開口した縦方向スロット136が、細長いステープル溝型部材47の溝スロット146に垂直方向に整合するように、細長いステープル溝型部材47内に装着する。
図7および図8では、発射バー36の遠位端部は、下部脚150を有するEビーム148である。この下部脚150は、中間ピン152が、ステープルカートリッジ46内の底部トレー134の上面に沿ってスライドすると、細長いステープル溝型部材47の底面に沿ってスライドする。Eビーム148の遠位駆動面154は、ウェッジスレッド142に当接して移動させる。遠位駆動面154の上の凹んだ切断面156が、ステープルカートリッジ46の上面に沿って移動して組織を切断する。Eビーム148の上部ピン158が、アンビル(上側ジョー)160(バットレスクランプは省略)に係合して間隔を維持する。代替の可撓性クロージャースリーブ162が、フレーム接地組立体38を覆っている。
特に図7を参照すると、関節接合部が、上記した形態とは異なり、上側の左右のEAPファイバー関節動作アクチュエータ164および166は、その内側端部が、近位フレーム接地部分172から遠位側に延びた上部タング170から突き出た上側関節動作アーム168に取り付けられ、外側端部が、遠位フレーム接地部分174の対向した内面にそれぞれ取り付けられている。同様に、下側の左右のEAPファイバー関節動作アクチュエータ176および178は、その内側端部が、近位フレーム接地部分172から遠位側に延びた下部タング182から突き出た下側関節動作アーム180に取り付けられ、外側端部が、遠位フレーム接地部分174の対向した内面にそれぞれ取り付けられている。遠位フレーム接地部分174から近位側に延びた上下のタング184および186がそれぞれ、近位フレーム接地部分172の遠位側に延びた上下のタング170および182に回転可能にピンで止められている。
図7および図10において、近位側に配置された発射バーセンサ120に加えて、または別法として、遠位側に配置されたEAP圧力センサ190を、完全に遠位側に移動するとウェッジスレッド142に接触するように細長いステープル溝型部材47上に配置することができる。
図11では、左右の細長いEAP圧力センサ200および202が、発射の際のウェッジスレッド142の進行を検出するために底部トレー134の縦方向スロット136の両側に配置されている。図12では、一連の左右のEAP圧力センサ204および206が、底部トレー134の縦方向スロット136の両側に配置されている。別法またはこれに加えて、図13に、発射バーセンサが、Eビーム148の遠位駆動面154に配置されたEAP圧力センサ210として示されている。このEAP圧力センサ210は、発射の際の力、特にウェッジスレッド142が完全に遠位側に移動すると検出される力の増大を記録する。
本開示の利点において、実施部分14の発射バーセンサの代わりまたはこれに加えて、発射センサをハンドル内に組み込むことができることを理解されたい。閉ループ制御システム55を備えていないハンドル部分12の例示形態が、参照することを以ってその開示内容の全てを本明細書の一部とする、2005年2月7日出願のシュルトン(Shelton)らによる米国特許出願第11/052,387号に開示されている(名称:「戻しバネ回転手動式の後退システムによる多数回ストローク式の発射機構を組み込んでいる外科ステープル止め器具(Surgical Stapling Instrument Incorporating A Multi-Stroke Firing Mechanism With Return Spring Rotary Manual Retraction System)」)。
本開示の利点において、コントローラ60が、構成要素を電気的に作動させるためにセンサを監視して制御信号を発生するプログラムを含むメモリを備えたマイクロコントローラを含むことができることを理解されたい。別法として、コントローラ60は、プログラム可能な論理アレー、集中要素論理ゲート、光学論理要素、または他の電子回路を含むことができる。加えて、本発明の態様に一致する閉ループ制御システム55の各部を、外科ステープル止め/切断器具10から遠隔に配置することができる。
電気活性ポリマー
様々な電気アクチュエータ(例えば、ソレノイド)を外科ステープル止め/切断器具10内に組み込むことができるが、ここに開示した例示形態は、電圧が加えられると形状が変化する導電ドープされたポリマーである電気活性ポリマー(EAP)を有利に用いている。基本的に、導電ポリマーは、イオン流体またはイオンゲルおよび電極のある種の形態と対をなしている。流体/ゲルから導電ポリマーまたはその逆のイオンの流れが、加えられる電位によって誘発され、この流れが、ポリマーの形状の変化を誘導する。この電位は、使用するポリマーおよびイオン流体によって異なるが、1V〜4kVの範囲である。ある種のEAPは、電圧が加えられると収縮し、また別のEAPは、電圧が加えられると伸長する。EAPは、バネまたは可撓性プレートなどの機械的手段と組み合わせて、電圧が加えられた時に起こる変化を変更することができる。
EAPには、2つの基本タイプがあり、それぞれが複合構造である。この2つの基本タイプは、ファイバーバンドルとラミネートである。ファイバーバンドルは、約30μm〜50μmのファイバーからなる。これらのファイバーは、織物と同様に束に編まれ、このことから、EAP糸と呼ばれる場合が多い。このタイプのEAPは、電圧が加えられると収縮する。電極は、通常は、ファイバーバンドルを取り囲むイオン流体を受容する役割も果たす導電外側シースと中心ワイヤコアからなる。一例として、市販のファイバーEAP材料が、サンタフェ・サイエンス・アンド・テクノロジー(Santa Fe Science and Technology)によって製造され、PANION(商標)ファイバーとして販売され、参照することを以って本明細書の一部とする米国特許第6,667,825号に開示されている。
もう1つのタイプは、EAPポリマーの層、イオンゲルの層、およびラミネートの両側に取り付けられる2つの可撓性プレートからなるラミネート構造である。電圧が加えられると、正方形のラミネートプレートが、一方向に伸長し、その垂直方向に収縮する。一例として、市販のラミネート(プレート)EAP材料が、SRIラボラトリーズ(SRI Laboratories)の一部門であるアーティフィシャル・マスル社(Artificial Muscle Inc)によって製造されている。プレートEAP材料は、日本のEAMEXも販売しており、薄膜フィルムEAPとも呼ばれている。
EAPは、エネルギーが加えられても、体積を変えず、一方向に伸長または収縮し、その横断方向に収縮または伸長するだけであることを注意されたい。ラミネート型は、片側を硬質構造に接触させて他側をピストンのように用いる基本形態で用いることができる。ラミネート型はまた、可撓性プレートの両側に接着することができる。可撓性プレートEAPの片側は、エネルギーが加えられると、伸長して、可撓性プレートを反対方向に曲げる。これにより、どちらの側にエネルギーを加えるかによってプレートをいずれかの方向に曲げることができる。
EAPアクチュエータは通常、協働するように互いに束ねられたファイバーまたは多数の層からなる。EAPの機械的構造により、EAPアクチュエータおよびその動きの能力が決まる。EAPは、細長いストランドに形成して、1つの中心電極の周りに巻き付けることができる。可撓性外側スリーブが、アクチュエータのための他方の電極を形成し、かつ装置の機能に必要なイオン流体を含むことができる。この構成では、電界が電極に加えられると、EAPのストランドが収縮する。EAPアクチュエータのこの構造は、ファイバーEAPアクチュエータと呼ばれる。同様に、ラミネート構造は、可撓性プレートの両側に多数の層として配置するかまたは単に層を重ねて、その能力を増大させることができる。通常のファイバー構造は、2〜4%の有効ひずみを有し、高電圧を用いる通常のラミネート型は、20〜30%の有効ひずみを有する。
例えば、ラミネートEAP複合材は、EAP層に取り付けられた陽極板電極層から形成することができる。このEAP層は、イオンセル層に取り付けられ、このイオンセル層は、陰極板電極層に取り付けられている。複数のラミネートEAP複合材は、間に接着層を入れて積層し、EAPプレートアクチュエータを形成することができる。いずれかの方向に選択的に曲げることができる相反したEAPアクチュエータを形成できることを理解されたい。
収縮するEAPファイバーアクチュエータは、絶縁ポリマー近位エンドキャップを通過し、細長い円柱キャビティを通る縦方向のプラチナ陰極ワイヤを含むことができる。この円柱キャビティは、陽極として機能するように導電ドープされたプラスチック円筒壁内に形成されている。プラチナ陰極ワイヤの遠位端部は、絶縁ポリマー遠位エンドキャップ内に埋め込まれている。複数の収縮するポリマーファイバーが、陰極ワイヤを取り囲むようにこの陰極ワイヤに平行に配置され、これらファイバーの端部は、それぞれのエンドキャップ内に埋め込まれている。プラスチック円筒壁は、円柱キャビティを取り囲んで、収縮するポリマーファイバーと陰極ワイヤとの間の空間を満たすイオンゲルまたはイオン流体をシールするように、各エンドキャップの周囲に取り付けられている。プラスチック円筒壁(陽極)および陰極ワイヤに亘って電圧が加えられると、イオン流体が、収縮するポリマーファイバーに進入してその外径が増大し、これに対応して長さが収縮し、これにより各エンドキャップが互いに近づく。
いくつかの実施形態の説明により本発明を例示し、例示的な実施形態をかなり詳細に説明したが、出願者は、添付の特許請求の範囲がこのような詳細に限定されることを全く意図していない。さらなる利点および変更は、当業者には明らかであろう。
例えば、EAPアクチュエータおよびセンサは、有利な特徴を有するとして説明したが、本発明に一致する適用例は、他のタイプのアクチュエータおよび電気変換器を含むことができる。
分かりやすくするために手動操作の外科ステープル止め/切断器具10を用いて説明してきたが、別の例として、ロボット操作および/またはロボット制御の締付け装置が、閉ループ制御および/または監視のための荷重検出変換器を含むことができることを理解されたい。このようなセンサは、外科医に対する感覚のフィードバックの代わりとして特に有用であろう。
特に内視鏡または腹腔鏡に適した外科ステープル止め/切断器具をここに例示したが、さらに別の例として、本発明の態様に一致する適用例は、同様の外科手術を行う開放外科手術またはその実施に用いることができる。加えて、円形ステープラは、荷重検出などの目的のために電気センサおよび/または電気アクチュエータを含むことができる。
さらに別の例として、本発明に一致する適用例は、ここに開示したセンサおよび/またはアクチュエータの様々な組合せを含むことができる。例えば、完全に機械式のクロージャー/発射システムは、コントローラおよび状態表示によって監視される電気センサを含むことができる。したがって、外科医は、警告が現れた時に停止してループを閉じることができる。加えて、関節動作またはバットレスなどのいくらかの特徴を省略することができる。
別個のトリガーを含め、別個のクロージャー機構および発射機構が例示形態に示されているが、さらに別の例として、本発明に一致する適用例は、閉じることと発射することを連続的に行う単一発射トリガーを含むことができる。
EAP圧力センサは、クランプ、発射、および関節動作を検出する有利な方法であるが、さらに別の例として、これに加えてまたは別法として、近接センサ(例えば、ホール効果)、容量センサ、マイクロスイッチ、および位置センサ(例えば、電位差計)などの他の電気センサを含むことができる。
〔実施の態様〕
(1)外科器具において、
第1および第2の対向した圧縮面を含むエンドエフェクタと、
前記エンドエフェクタの近位側に取り付けられたシャフトと、
前記エンドエフェクタを選択的に作動させるために前記シャフトを介して機能的に結合された作動機構を含む、前記シャフトの近位側に取り付けられたハンドル部分と、
前記エンドエフェクタが作動した時に圧縮荷重を受け取るように配置された圧力変換器と、
前記圧力変換器から受け取る信号に応答して制御信号を発生する制御回路と、
を含む、外科器具。
(2)実施態様(1)に記載の外科器具において、
前記制御信号によって作動される、前記ハンドル部分に取り付けられた表示装置、
をさらに含む、外科器具。
(3)実施態様(1)に記載の外科器具において、
前記作動機構が、前記第1および第2の対向した圧縮面を組織に対して選択的に閉じるように機能的に構成されたクロージャー機構を含み、
前記圧力変換器が、圧縮荷重を受け取るように前記エンドエフェクタ内に配置されている、
外科器具。
(4)実施態様(3)に記載の外科器具において、
縦方向に往復運動できるように前記シャフト内に受容された発射部材、
をさらに含み、
前記エンドエフェクタが、前記発射部材の移動に応答して、クランプされた組織を切断およびステープル止めするステープル止め組立体を含む、
外科器具。
(5)実施態様(4)に記載の外科器具において、
前記制御回路からの前記制御信号に応答して発射を防止する発射ロックアウト機構、
をさらに含み、
前記制御回路が、検出した圧縮荷重と閾値との比較に応答して前記制御信号を発生するように機能的に構成されている、
外科器具。
(6)実施態様(1)に記載の外科器具において、
縦方向に往復運動できるように前記シャフト内に受容された発射部材、
をさらに含み、
前記エンドエフェクタが、前記発射部材の移動に応答して、クランプされた組織を切断およびステープル止めするステープル止め組立体を含む、
外科器具。
(7)実施態様(6)に記載の外科器具において、
前記圧力変換器が、発射を表わす圧縮荷重を受け取るように前記発射部材に近接して配置されている、外科器具。
(8)実施態様(7)に記載の外科器具において、
前記発射部材が、前記シャフト内に画定された凹部内で縦方向に移動できるように配置された横方向延出部分を含み、
前記圧力変換器が、前記発射部材の完全な発射距離移動に近づく前記発射部材の前記延出部分に接触するように前記シャフトの前記凹部内に取り付けられている、
外科器具。
(9)実施態様(7)に記載の外科器具において、
前記発射部材が、前記ステープル止め組立体内で移動できるように配置されたウェッジを含み、
前記圧力変換器が、前記発射部材が前記ウェッジを遠位側に移動してステープルを送出し、前記ステープルがクランプされた組織を通過して成形されるのに応答して、圧縮荷重を受け取るように前記ステープル止め組立体内に配置されている、
外科器具。
(10)実施態様(9)に記載の外科器具において、
前記圧力変換器が、完全に発射距離移動した前記ウェッジに接触するように前記ステープル止め組立体の遠位端部に配置されている、外科器具。
(11)実施態様(9)に記載の外科器具において、
前記圧力変換器が、前記ウェッジの下側の表面上の、前記ウェッジの発射距離の縦方向の中間部分に配置されている、外科器具。
(12)実施態様(9)に記載の外科器具において、
前記圧力変換器が、前記ウェッジの一部の完全な発射距離に沿って位置合わせされ、縦方向に整列した複数の圧力変換器を含む、外科器具。
(13)実施態様(9)に記載の外科器具において、
前記圧力変換器が、完全な発射移動の際に前記ウェッジが接触する下面に位置合わせされた細長い圧力センサを含む、外科器具。
(14)実施態様(9)に記載の外科器具において、
前記発射部材が、前記ウェッジの近位側に当接する接触面を有する発射バーをさらに含み、
前記圧力変換器が、前記発射バーの前記接触面に取り付けられている、
外科器具。
(15)実施態様(1)に記載の外科器具において、
前記シャフトが、関節接合部をさらに含み、
前記動作機構が、前記関節接合部を中心に前記エンドエフェクタを回転させて前記エンドエフェクタを作動させるように機能的に構成された関節動作機構を含み、
前記圧力変換器が、前記関節接合部の関節動作角を表す前記関節動作機構から圧縮力を受け取るように配置されている、
外科器具。
(16)実施態様(15)に記載の外科器具において、
前記圧力変換器が制限センサを含む、外科器具。
(17)実施態様(15)に記載の外科器具において、
前記圧力変換器が連続的な角度センサを含む、外科器具。
(18)実施態様(15)に記載の外科器具において、
電気的関節動作アクチュエータ、
をさらに含み、
前記制御回路が、検出された関節動作角に応答して、前記電気関節動作アクチュエータを制御するように機能的に構成されている、
外科器具。
(19)実施態様(15)に記載の外科器具において、
電気的関節動作ロックアクチュエータ、
をさらに含み、
前記制御回路が、検出された関節動作角に応答して前記電気的関節動作ロックアクチュエータを制御するように機能的に構成されている、
外科器具。
(20)実施態様(1)に記載の外科器具において、
前記圧力変換器が、電気活性ポリマー圧力変換器を含む、外科器具。
(21)外科器具において、
第1および第2の対向した圧縮面を含むステープル止め組立体と、
前記ステープル止め組立体の近位側に取り付けられたシャフトと、
縦方向に往復運動できるように前記シャフト内に受容された発射部材と、
前記シャフトを介して前記第1および第2の対向した圧縮面を組織に対して閉じ、かつ前記発射部材を移動させて前記ステープル止め組立体を作動させるために、前記シャフトを通じて機能的に結合された前記シャフトの近位側に取り付けられたハンドル部分と、
命令信号に応答する電気アクチュエータと、
前記エンドエフェクタが作動した時に圧縮荷重を受け取るように配置された圧力変換器と、
前記圧力変換器から受け取る信号に応答して制御信号を発生する制御回路と、
を含む、外科器具。
(22)実施態様(21)に記載の外科器具において、
前記電気アクチュエータが、バットレス配置アクチュエータを含む、外科器具。
(23)実施態様(21)に記載の外科器具において、
前記電気アクチュエータが、前記制御信号に応答して発射を不可能にするために、前記発射部材に結合された発射ロックアウト機構を含む、外科器具。
(24)外科器具において、
エンドエフェクタと、
前記エンドエフェクタの近位側に取り付けられたシャフトと、
縦方向に往復運動できるように前記シャフト内に受容された発射部材と、
前記シャフトの近位側に取り付けられ、前記発射部材を移動させて前記エンドエフェクタを作動させるように機能的に構成されたハンドル部分と、
前記発射部材の移動に応答して圧縮荷重を受け取るように配置された圧力変換器と、
前記圧力変換器から受け取る信号に応答して制御信号を発生する制御回路と、
を含む、
外科器具。
(25)実施態様(24)に記載の外科器具において、
前記発射部材に対する弾性引戻し付勢力と、
前記制御信号に応答して前記弾性引戻し付勢力による前記発射部材の引戻しを可能にする電気式バックアップ防止アクチュエータと、
をさらに含む、外科器具。
(26)実施態様(24)に記載の外科器具において、
前記制御信号に応答して前記エンドエフェクタで医療物質を放出する、電気的に作動する医療物質送達アクチュエータ、
をさらに含む、外科器具。
(27)実施態様(24)に記載の外科器具において、
前記エンドエフェクタが、ステープル止め組立体を含み、
前記外科器具が、前記制御信号に応答して前記ステープル止め組立体からバットレス材料を配置する、電気的に作動するバットレス配置アクチュエータをさらに含む、
外科器具。
(28)外科器具において、
エンドエフェクタと、
前記エンドエフェクタの近位側に取り付けられたシャフトと、
前記シャフト内に形成された関節接合部と、
前記関節接合部の関節運動に応答して圧縮荷重を受け取るように配置された圧力変換器と、
前記圧力変換器から受け取る信号に応答して制御信号を発生する制御回路と、
を含む、外科器具。
(29)実施態様(28)に記載の外科器具において、
関節運動を起こすように前記関節接合部に結合された関節動作アクチュエータ、
をさらに含み、
前記制御回路が、命令された関節動作角および前記圧力変換器から検出された圧縮荷重を比較して前記制御信号を発生するように機能的に構成されている、
外科器具。
(30)実施態様(28)に記載の外科器具において、
前記制御信号に応答して、現在の関節動作角に前記関節接合部を選択的にロックする、電気的に作動する関節接合部ロック、
をさらに含む、外科器具。
ステープル止め組立体が開いた位置にあり、下側バットレスパッドが除去されてステープルカートリッジが示され、細長いシャフトが部分的に破断して、破線で示されているハンドル部分の構成要素を含む本発明に一致する閉ループ制御システムの構成要素が示されている、外科ステープル止め/切断器具の部分破断側面図である。 図1の外科ステープル止め/切断器具の閉ループ制御回路のブロック図である。 荷重を検出するための細長い電気活性ポリマー(EAP)センサストリップを含む図1のステープル止め組立体の細長いステープル溝型部材の左前方からの等角図である。 荷重を検出するための、整列した一連のEAPセンサストリップを含む図1のステープル止め組立体の細長いステープル溝型部材の左前方からの等角図である。 図1の外科ステープル止め/切断器具の細長いシャフトのフレーム接地組立体の関節接合部の平面図である。 左側に関節動作した状態にある図5の関節接合部の平面図である。 バットレス配置システムが除去され、代替のEAPファイバー関節動作アクチュエータが設けられた、図1の外科ステープル止め/切断器具のための発射バーセンサを含む細長いシャフトの分解された等角図である。 クロージャースリーブおよびステープル止め組立体が除去されて発射バーセンサおよび発射バーが示されている、図7の外科ステープル止め/切断器具の細長いシャフトの等角図である。 図8の外科ステープル止め/切断器具の細長いシャフト内で発射バーセンサを作動させる発射バーの近位端部の詳細な等角図である。 発射バー溝スロットの遠位端部に配置された代替の発射バーセンサを含む、図8の細長いステープル溝型部材の遠位部分の詳細な斜視図である。 図1の外科ステープル止め/切断器具のための、ステープルの移動を検出するために配置された細長いEAP圧力センサを含む代替のステープルカートリッジの分解された等角図である。 図1の外科ステープル止め/切断器具のための、ステープルの移動を検出するために配置された一連の整列したEAP圧力センサを含む別の代替のステープルカートリッジの分解された等角図である。 図1の外科ステープル止め/切断器具のための、発射の際にステープルを移動させるウェッジスレッドに当接するように配置された遠位EAP圧力センサを有する発射バーの遠位部分およびステープルカートリッジの分解された等角図である。

Claims (4)

  1. 外科器具において、
    第1および第2の対向した圧縮面を含むエンドエフェクタと、
    前記エンドエフェクタの近位側に取り付けられたシャフトと、
    前記エンドエフェクタを選択的に作動させるために前記シャフトを介して機能的に結合された作動機構を含む、前記シャフトの近位側に取り付けられたハンドル部分と、
    前記エンドエフェクタが作動した時に圧縮荷重を受け取るように配置された圧力変換器と、
    前記圧力変換器から受け取る信号に応答して制御信号を発生する制御回路と、
    縦方向に往復運動できるように前記シャフト内に受容された発射部材と、を含み、
    前記エンドエフェクタが、前記発射部材の移動に応答して、クランプされた組織を切断およびステープル止めするステープル止め組立体を含み、
    前記発射部材が、前記シャフト内に画定された凹部内で縦方向に移動できるように配置された横方向延出部分を含み、
    前記圧力変換器が、前記発射部材の完全な発射距離移動に近づく前記発射部材の前記延出部分に接触するように前記シャフトの前記凹部内に取り付けられている、外科器具。
  2. 請求項1に記載の外科器具において、
    前記制御信号によって作動される、前記ハンドル部分に取り付けられた表示装置、
    をさらに含む、外科器具。
  3. 請求項1に記載の外科器具において、
    前記作動機構が、前記第1および第2の対向した圧縮面を組織に対して選択的に閉じるように機能的に構成されたクロージャー機構を含み、
    前記圧力変換器が、圧縮荷重を受け取るように前記エンドエフェクタ内に配置されている、
    外科器具。
  4. 請求項に記載の外科器具において、
    前記制御回路からの前記制御信号に応答して発射を防止する発射ロックアウト機構、
    をさらに含み、
    前記制御回路が、検出した圧縮荷重と閾値との比較に応答して前記制御信号を発生するように機能的に構成されている、
    外科器具。
JP2006267232A 2005-09-30 2006-09-29 荷重検出制御回路を有する外科ステープル止め器具 Expired - Fee Related JP4948955B2 (ja)

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US11/240,836 2005-09-30

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US9421069B2 (en) 2014-01-07 2016-08-23 Research & Business Foundation Sungkyunkwan University Surgical grasper for measuring force

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CA2561241A1 (en) 2007-03-30
CA2561241C (en) 2014-07-08
US20060212069A1 (en) 2006-09-21
AU2006222763A1 (en) 2007-04-19
EP1769756B1 (en) 2010-01-06
CN1939230B (zh) 2011-05-18
US7784663B2 (en) 2010-08-31
AU2006222763B2 (en) 2012-12-06
CN1939230A (zh) 2007-04-04
EP1769756A1 (en) 2007-04-04

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