JP4996638B2 - Methods for preventing and / or reducing frost and frost damage in fruit trees - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for preventing and / or reducing frost and frost damage of fruit trees. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for preventing and reducing frost damage on fruit trees by spraying a solid agent mainly composed of zeolite and a solution obtained by diluting the solid agent with water to form a protective film on the leaf surface and fruit surface.

  Since the product value of the fruit is impaired by the surface damage such as rust and sunburn, the prevention and mitigation thereof are required.

  Face damage is thought to result from causes such as frost damage, excessive sun exposure, and chemical damage from pesticides. For example, sunburn and rusting on the surface of the fruit occurs due to excessive sun exposure, prismatic phenomena caused by water drops such as morning dew, raindrops, and spray liquid. In addition, the occurrence of rust fruit and the occurrence of phytotoxicity on the face and / or foliage due to fertilizer and pesticide spraying is due to direct phytotoxicity due to the characteristics of fertilizer and pesticides and the long-term contact type caused by poor drying of spray liquid. There is phytotoxicity. In addition, when the temperature drops after fruit set, the temperature of the leaf surface and skin decreases, and the water in the plant tissue freezes, causing surface damage, and the water condensed on the leaf surface and fruit surface freezes. Is also caused.

  Conventionally, fruit bagging and calcium carbonate film formation have also been used to prevent fruit damage. However, the burden on the operator is large in the bag removing work and the accompanying bag removing work. Calcium carbonate agents are difficult to remove and remain to make the surface white, so they are easily avoided because they give the appearance of pesticides remaining. Ingestion of residual calcium carbonate may have harmful effects on the human body.

  A protective agent containing a soluble aluminum or iron compound component and a silicate fine powder or alumina fine powder component (see, for example, Patent Document 1) has also been reported. In this agent, it is said that both components act specifically and synergistically to cover the part where the plant is damaged and prevent infection with pathogenic bacteria. However, it is difficult to prevent the occurrence of fruit surface damage itself. Furthermore, residual soluble aluminum and iron compounds in crops may have a harmful effect on the human body.

  As described above, it is the actual situation that conventional fruit surface protecting agents and fruit surface protecting methods are not satisfactory.

JP 2000-44414 A

  The object of the present invention is to replace the conventional fruit and / or foliar protection agent and the protection law, which have been problematic in terms of economic aspects and effects as described above, and to prevent safe and economical fruit tree frost damage. It is to provide a prevention and / or mitigation method.

  In view of the above situation, as a result of diligent research, the present inventor has formed a protective film by spraying porous powder over a wide range of the fruit surface and / or the leaf surface, thereby causing fruit surface damage and / or The inventors have found that foliar damage can be prevented and reduced, and have completed the present invention. The present invention is based on a new finding that fruit surface damage and leaf surface damage can be prevented only by a porous powder.

  That is, the above-mentioned problems are solved by a solution obtained by diluting a solid powder for protecting the face and / or foliage made of porous powder, particularly zeolite, with water. By spraying these agents on the surface and / or leaf surface of the fruit tree, the fruit surface and the leaf surface can be protected, and prevention and / or mitigation of frost damage on the fruit tree can be achieved.

  The fruit surface and / or leaf surface protective agent of the present invention contains a porous powder such as zeolite, and can form a protective film on the fruit surface and / or leaf surface. By using the protective agent of the present invention, it is possible to effectively prevent fruit surface damage due to frost damage and to produce fruits with high commercial value.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

  In the present invention, by forming a porous protective film on the fruit surface and / or leaf surface, normal fruit skin and leaf surface can be prevented and reduced from various kinds of fruit surface damage and leaf surface damage due to frost damage.

  Since the porous powder contained in the agent of the present invention can be easily removed by watering, there is an advantage that the appearance of the fruit is not impaired. And since the coating film with a high porosity is formed, the heat retaining property is improved, and it is considered that the surface failure due to the freezing of moisture is prevented. Since the sprayed powder has high water absorption, it is considered that a wide range on the fruit and leaf surfaces can be prevented from being covered with water droplets, and the range in which plant tissue is damaged by freezing of water droplets can be narrowed.

  As the agent to be dispersed, porous powder is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing heat conduction with the outside air and improving heat retention. The pore volume of the powder used is 0.2 ml / g or more, preferably 0.5 ml / g or more, and is 10 ml / g or less, preferably 5 ml / g or less. If the pore volume is too small, the heat retention is lowered and the effect of the present invention is difficult to obtain, and if it is too large, the bulk density tends to be small and handling tends to be difficult.

The specific surface area of the powder used is 10 m ² / g or more, preferably 50 m ² / g or more, more preferably 100 m ² / g or more, and further preferably 150 m ² / g or more. Moreover, it is 10,000 m < ² > / g or less, Preferably it is 5000 m < ² > / g or less, More preferably, it is 2000 m < ² > / g or less. If the specific surface area is too small, the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained, and if it is too large, handling becomes difficult. In addition, said specific surface area is a value of the specific surface area measured using nitrogen adsorption by BET method.

  The oil absorption amount of the powder used is 20 ml / 100 g or more, preferably 50 ml / 100 g or more, more preferably 100 ml / 100 g or more, and 1000 ml / 100 g or less, preferably 700 ml / 100 g or less. If the oil absorption is too small, the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained, and if it is too large, handling tends to be difficult.

  The average particle size of the powder used is 0.1 μm or more, preferably 0.5 μm or more, and 20 μm or less, preferably 10 μm or less. If it is too fine, there will be a problem in handling, and if it is too coarse, a dense protective film will not be formed, and it will be difficult to sufficiently protect the fruit and / or leaves.

  As the porous material of the present invention, zeolite can be used. In addition, vegetable powders such as wood powder, rice husks, sawdust and the like can also be used.

When using zeolite, the type is not particularly limited, and various types of zeolite such as X-type, Y-type, A-type, mordenite, and ZSM-5 can be used, and some of them are replaced with transition metals such as Ti. You can also A material in which H ⁺ is exchanged with a cation such as Na ⁺ or K ⁺ can also be used. Furthermore, zeolite analogues such as aluminophosphate (ALPO) and silica aluminophosphate (SAPO) can also be used.

  The pore structure of the porous material is not particularly limited, and may be a microporous and mesoporous material having a uniform pore structure. Alternatively, zeolite having a one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional channel may be used. In order to form an effective protective film with a small amount of powder, zeolite having a homogeneous pore distribution is preferred.

  As the porous powder of the present invention, a powder derived from a natural mineral or a powder derived from a synthetic product can be used. From an economical viewpoint, the zeolite is preferably derived from a natural mineral, but a synthetic zeolite can also be used. From an economical point of view, commercially available powders can also be used.

  The porous powder used in the present invention can be obtained by pulverizing various materials by a conventionally known method. For example, a ball mill or a jet mill can be used for dry pulverization, and a dyno mill can be used for wet pulverization. Commercially available pulverized powder can also be used.

  The solid preparation of the present invention may further contain other components, and can be used by mixing with other pesticidal active ingredients. However, from the viewpoint of safety, toxicity, and environmental protection, it is not preferable to add a component harmful to the human body or a component that adversely affects the environment.

  The solid preparation of the present invention is preferably applied as a liquid diluted with water in consideration of ease of handling and uniformity during application. It is preferable to cover a normal fruit surface or leaf surface in a wide range to form a protective film. The dilution factor depends on the fruit tree to be spread, application, climate, etc., but when used to prevent the occurrence of fruit damage due to frost damage, the amount of solid agent is 0.3% by weight or more of water, 3% by weight, preferably 1% by weight or less.

  Although the fruit tree used as the object of the present invention is not particularly limited, examples thereof include apples, various citrus fruits, peaches, pears, grapes, and apricots.

  The timing of spraying the solid preparation or liquid preparation of the present invention depends on the concentration of the agent, fruit tree, application, etc., but prevents fruit damage due to frost damage such as apples, various citrus fruits, peaches, pears, grapes, apricots In this case, spraying from the flowering stage to the juvenile stage is effective. There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the frequency | count of spraying, It is preferable to spray suitably at the time of being easily damaged by night frost. For example, when it is predicted that the temperature will be below the critical temperature that may cause damage, it can be sprayed in advance. It can be sprayed several times as needed.

  Depending on the state of the protective film of the agent, it can be sprayed a plurality of times. If the protective film is washed away by rain, it can be sprayed again.

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
<Example 1> Prevention and reduction of fruit damage caused by late frost damage: Apple “Fuji”
Zeolite powder (manufactured by Nitto Flour Chemical Co., Ltd .: particle size 1.92μ, using ores from Iizaka Town, Fukushima Prefecture), montmorillonite powder (manufactured by Soft Silica Co., Ltd .: particle size 2.0μ, using ores from Akita Prefecture), diatomaceous earth powder ( Made by Kunimine Kogyo Co., Ltd .: Particle size 2.0μ, using ore from Fukushima Prefecture), silica gel powder (pulverized to particle size 2.0μ) each diluted 200 times (weight ratio) with water (0.5 weight of water) % Of the powder was mixed). Each of these solutions was sprayed on May 10 before the arrival of late frost immediately after falling in a different test area. The spraying amount was 500 L of liquid agent per 10a. There was late frost on May 14th, 4 days after spraying, and the damage was investigated on May 25th. The results are as follows. Specific damages included sterility due to pollination failure, the occurrence of rust fruit, blackening of the skin and leaves, and the fruiting and falling of blackened fruits and leaves.

  As shown in Table 1 above, frost damage can be effectively suppressed by using the agent of the present invention. Since the agent of the present invention does not contain a component that adversely affects the human body or the environment, there is no problem even if it remains.

Claims (3)

A solution obtained by diluting a solid agent for preventing and / or reducing frost and frost damage of fruit trees containing zeolite as a main ingredient with water, and a solution containing 0.3% by weight or more of zeolite is used as a fruit surface and leaf surface of the fruit tree. A method for preventing and / or mitigating frost and frost damage on fruit trees, including spraying on fruit trees. The method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid agent contains 0.5 wt% or more of zeolite. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the solution is sprayed between the flowering period and the juvenile period of the fruit tree.