JP4064280B2 - Flowering agent and method of fruit tree - Google Patents
Flowering agent and method of fruit tree Download PDFInfo
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- JP4064280B2 JP4064280B2 JP2003093633A JP2003093633A JP4064280B2 JP 4064280 B2 JP4064280 B2 JP 4064280B2 JP 2003093633 A JP2003093633 A JP 2003093633A JP 2003093633 A JP2003093633 A JP 2003093633A JP 4064280 B2 JP4064280 B2 JP 4064280B2
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- flowering
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- fruit tree
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- montmorillonite
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- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 title claims description 56
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000220225 Malus Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000006040 Prunus persica var persica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014443 Pyrus communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- -1 Na and K Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- JNVCSEDACVAATK-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Ca+2].[S-]SSS[S-] Chemical compound [Ca+2].[S-]SSS[S-] JNVCSEDACVAATK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000005809 Prunus persica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-BKBMJHBISA-N alpha-D-galacturonic acid Chemical compound O[C@H]1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-BKBMJHBISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;aluminum;dioxido(oxo)silane;sodium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na].[Al].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013335 mesoporous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012229 microporous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000017 mucous membrane irritation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000273 nontronite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003405 preventing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、果樹の摘花剤及び摘花方法に関し、特に柱頭を乾燥させて受精を阻害する摘花剤及び摘花方法に関する。また本発明は、上記の摘花剤を用いる果実生産方法にも関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
リンゴ、モモ、ナシといった果樹には他家受粉でなければ結実しにくい品種があり、該品種の栽培には、人工受粉や受粉樹の混植が行われる。しかし人工受粉には多大な労力が必要とされる。その一方、受粉樹を混植すると人工受粉の必要はなくなるものの、着花量が多くなりすぎて栄養分が分散し、果実の発育が阻害されてしまうという問題が生じる。過剰な着花による果実の成長不良は、自家和合性の果樹についても同様に生じる問題である。従って、果実の肥大を促進して高品質な果実を生産するためには、摘花及び/又は摘果を行って果実数を制限し、残存果実に養分を集中する必要がある。
【0003】
従来、リンゴ等の摘花及び/又は摘果(以下特に記載しない限り、「摘花」とは摘花及び/又は摘果を指す)のため、石灰硫黄合剤が使用されてきた。この剤を開花期間中に散布すると、該剤が柱頭や花粉に傷害を与えて受精を阻害するため人手で花を摘み取る必要がなくなり、摘花作業の省力化を図ることができる。
【0004】
しかし、この剤には以下のような問題点が指摘されている。まず、石灰硫黄合剤は強いアルカリ性を示すため粘膜刺激性があり、人体に有害な影響を及ぼす。さらに腐食性も有するため、果樹の栽培園に隣接する家屋では金属製品、農機具、及び自動車類が錆びるという問題が起きる。この様にして生じた錆びは近隣住民の生活上問題になるだけでなく、果皮に付着して果実の商品価値を損なうことにもつながる。そして石灰硫黄合剤は散布面に被膜を形成しやすいため、その後に別の農薬を散布しようとすると吸収が阻害されるという問題もある。
【0005】
近年、カルシウム塩又は有機酸を含む摘花剤の開発も行われている(例えば、特許文献1及び2参照)。しかし、化学合成されたアルカリ性のカルシウム塩を散布する場合、毒性及び環境の面での問題が依然として存在する。天然にも存在する有機酸を散布する場合には上記の問題は緩和されるが、摘花の効果が未だ充分とはいえない。また、両者の方法とも価格面で必ずしも経済的とはいえないという問題がある。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−206804号公報
【0007】
【特許文献2】
特開2001−206805号公報
【0008】
【発明が解決使用とする課題】
本発明は、毒性、安全性、及び経済性といった面で問題のあった摘花剤に代え、安全で経済的な摘花剤、特に多孔質粉体を含む摘花剤を提供することを目的とする。さらに、上記の摘花剤を用いた摘花方法及び果実生産方法を提供することも目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記実状に鑑み、本発明者は鋭意研究を進めた結果、多孔質粉体を含む剤を果樹の花に散布すると受精を阻害して摘花作業の労力を軽減できることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。
【0010】
即ち本発明の要旨は、多孔質粉体を含む果樹の摘花用固形剤に存する。多孔質粉体としては、含有されるSi及びAlの量をそれぞれSiO2及びAl2O3の量に換算した場合、
(換算SiO2重量+換算Al2O3重量)/(多孔質粉体の重量)
で表される重量比が50%以上となる粉体を用いることができる。また、多孔質粉体としてはゼオライト、モンモリロナイトからなる群より選択される1種以上を用いることができる。該固形剤は、クエン酸をさらに含む。該固形剤を水で希釈して、液剤とすることもできる。
【0011】
さらに本発明の要旨は、上記の固形剤又は液剤を果樹の花に対して満開期以降に複数回散布することを含む摘花方法にも存する。また、果樹の花の柱頭に乾燥を促進する剤を散布することを含む摘花方法にも存する。そして、上記の固形剤又は液剤を果樹の花に対して満開期以降に複数回散布することを含む果実生産方法にも存する。
【0012】
本発明の対象となる果樹としては、リンゴ、モモ、及びナシが挙げられる
【0013】
【発明の実施の態様】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明では、果樹の花に多孔質粉体を含む剤を散布することにより摘花を省力化することができる。
【0014】
本発明において結実を阻害できる理由は明確ではないが、比表面積の大きい多孔質粉末が柱頭に付着させると乾燥が促進され、受精が阻害されているとも考えられる。また、花粉管の生長を阻害する結果、受精が阻害されているとも考えられる。
【0015】
柱頭の乾燥を促進するという観点から、比表面積の大きい多孔質の粉体が好ましい。使用される粉体の比表面積としては、50m2/g以上、好ましくは100m2/g、さらに好ましくは150m2/gである。また、10000m2/g、好ましくは5000m2/g、さらに好ましくは2000m2/g以下である。比表面積が小さすぎると本発明の効果が得られず、大きすぎると嵩密度が減少して取り扱いが難しくなる。なお上記の比表面積は、BET法により窒素吸着を用いて測定される比表面積の値である。
【0016】
該粉末の平均粒径としては、0.1μm以上、好ましくは0.5μm以上であり、また20μm以下、好ましくは10μm以下である。細かすぎると取り扱いに問題が生じ、粗すぎると本発明の効果が得られにくい。
【0017】
使用する多孔質材料としては、安全性及び価格の面からSi及び/又はAlを主成分とする材料を用いることが好ましい。Si及び/又はAlの含有量としては、
(換算SiO2重量+換算Al2O3重量)/(多孔質粉体の重量)
で表される割合が20重量%以上、好ましくは50重量%以上である。ここで換算SiO2重量とは、多孔質材料中のSiが全てSiO2として存在したと仮定した場合のSiO2の重量を指す。換算Al2O3重量とは、多孔質材料中のAlが全てAl2O3として存在したと仮定した場合のAl2O3の重量を指す。
【0018】
Si及びAl以外の含有元素としては、本発明の効果が得られれば特に制限はないが、例えばNa及びKといったアルカリ金属、Mg、Caといったアルカリ土類金属、Tiといった遷移金属、炭素、及びリンが挙げられる。
【0019】
使用できる多孔質材料は、ゼオライト、モンモリロナイトからなる群から選択される1種以上である。また、植物性の粉体、例えば木質粉、籾殻、オガクズ等を使用することもできる。
【0020】
多孔質材料の細孔構造に特に制限はなく、均一な細孔構造を有するマイクロポーラス及びメソポーラス材料であってもよく、ゼオライトといった1次元、2次元、又は3次元のチャンネルを持つ材料であってもよく、モンモリロナイトといった層状構造の材料であってもよい。
【0021】
ゼオライトを使用する場合、その種類に特に制限はなく、X型、Y型、A型、モルデナイト、ZSM−5等の各種のゼオライトを使用することができ、一部をTiなどの遷移金属で置換することもできる。また、H+がNa+やK+といったカチオンで交換された材料を使用することもできる。さらに、アルミノリン酸塩(ALPO)やシリカアルミノリン酸塩(SAPO)といったゼオライト類縁体も用いることができる。
【0022】
モンモリロナイトとしては各種の置換体及び付加体を使用することができる。例えば、マグネシアンモンモリロナイト、鉄モンモリロナイト、鉄マグネシアンモンモリロナイト、バイデライト、ノントロン石、サポー石、ヘクトライト、及びソーコナイトである。モンモリロナイト中のカチオンとしてはK+、Na+、及びCa2+が挙げられるが、Ca2+が含有されていると、ペクチン酸カルシウムの生成による浮き皮防止効果も併せて得ることができる。また、モンモリロナイト以外の各種の粘土鉱物も使用することができる。
【0023】
本発明の多孔質粉末としては、天然鉱物由来の粉末も合成品由来の粉末も使用することができる。経済的な観点からは、ゼオライト、モンモリロナイト、及び珪藻土については天然鉱物由来が好ましいが、合成ゼオライトも使用することができる。シリカゲルについては、入手方法や性能面から合成品が好ましい。
【0024】
本発明で使用する多孔質粉体は、各種の材料を従来公知の方法で粉砕することによって得ることができる。例えば、乾式粉砕ではボールミルやジェットミルを使用することができ、湿式粉砕ではダイノーミルを使用することができる。また、市販の粉砕粉末を使用することもできる。
【0025】
本発明の固形剤は、クエン酸をさらに含有する。クエン酸は、柱頭を乾燥させるという多孔質粉末以外の作用で受精を阻害する。作用が異なることにより、多孔質粉末との併用により効果の増進が期待できるためである。さらに毒性及び安全性の面からは、天然にも産出し食品にも添加しうる化合物であり、樹皮及び葉面に損傷を与えないという面で好ましい。
【0026】
本発明の固形剤を直接果実及び/又は葉面に散布することもできるが、取り扱いの容易さや散布時の均一性を考慮すると、水で希釈した液剤として散布することが好ましい。多孔質粉末の量は水の0.1重量%以上、好ましくは0.2重量%以上であり、3.0重量%以下、好ましくは2.0重量%以下である。量が多すぎると懸濁させることが難しくなり、少なすぎると本発明の効果が得られにくい。複数の多孔質粉末を併せて使用する場合には、それぞれの種類の多孔質粉末が上記の範囲にあることが好ましい。有機酸の量は、水の0.1重量%以上、好ましくは0.2重量%以上であり、3.0重量%以下、好ましくは2.0重量%以下である。有機酸の量が少なすぎると本発明の効果が得られにくく、多すぎると経済的でない。
【0027】
本発明の剤を散布する時期及び回数は対象とする果樹に依存し、液剤の場合にはその濃度にも依存するが、本発明の剤は柱頭に付着することが必要と考えられるため、中心花の開花受精以降に散布することが望ましい。一般に開花期に入った直後に開花する中心花ほど良果となる確率が高いため、目的とする中心花の受粉が起きるまでの期間は散布を行わず結実させることが好ましい。その後に開花する側花及び腋花は不要であり、それらの受精を阻止するために、本発明の剤を定期的に繰り返して複数回散布することができる。例えば、開花から満開期までは散布せず、その間の着花は結実させることとし、それ以降は散布を繰り返して摘花することができる。リンゴの場合には、満開期から2〜3日おきに2〜3回繰り返すことができる。例示した日数及び回数は、散布する品種の開花期の長さと着花量に依存して変更することができる。
【0028】
本発明で散布の対象となる果樹としては特に制限はないが、例えばリンゴ、モモ、及びナシが挙げられる。
【0029】
【実施例】
以下実施例により、本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明が以下の実施例によって限定されるものではない。
<実施例1> リンゴ(ふじ)
ゼオライト粉末(日東粉化工社製:粒子径1.92μ、福島県飯坂町産鉱石使用)、モンモリロナイト粉末(ソフトシリカ社製:粒子径2.0μ、秋田県産の鉱石使用)、又はケイソウ土粉末(クニミネ工業社製:粒子径2.0μ、福島県産の鉱石使用)とクエン酸とを重量比で1:1の割合で混合し、固形剤を製造した。これらの固形剤を水に対して0.5重量%及び1.0重量%となるように秤量分取し、水に希釈して、液剤とした。比較のため、クエン酸のみを水に溶解させた液も準備した。
【0030】
これらの液剤各々を、それぞれ異なる試験区において、リンゴの中心花の満開期(5月5日)とその4日後の計2回散布した。各々の日における開花率を以下に示す。なお、散布量は10a当たり500Lとした。
【0031】
【表1】
5月20日における結実率は以下の通りであった。なお比較のため、本発明の摘花剤を散布したなかった試験区での結果を無処理区の欄に記載した。
【0032】
【表2】
<実施例2> モモ(川中島白桃)
実施例1と同様にして液剤を調製し、4月15日及び4月19日の計2回散布した。なお、園全体の平均開花率は4月15日で50%、4月19日で80%であり、それぞれ五分咲き及び満開期にあたる。4月30日での結実率を以下に示す。
【0033】
【表3】
<実施例3> ナシ(幸水)
実施例1と同様にして液剤を調製し、4月19日及び4月23日の計2回散布した。なお、園全体の平均開花率は4月19日で53%、4月23日で88%であり、それぞれ五分咲き及び満開期にあたる。4月30日での結実率を以下に示す。
【0034】
【表4】
上記のように、本発明の剤を散布すると結実率が有意に低下し、摘花効果があることがわかる。
【0035】
【発明の効果】
本発明の摘花剤は多孔質粉体を含み、該剤を散布して柱頭に付着させると受精を阻害され、摘花が省力化される。本発明の摘花剤及び摘花方法によれば、過剰な結実を安全かつ経済的に防止することができ、高品質な果実の生産が可能となる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a flowering agent and a flowering method for fruit trees, and more particularly to a flowering agent and a flowering method for drying fern and inhibiting fertilization. The present invention also relates to a fruit production method using the flowering agent.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Fruit trees such as apples, peaches, and pears have varieties that are difficult to bear unless they are cross-pollinated. Artificial pollination and mixed planting of pollinated trees are performed for cultivation of the varieties. However, much labor is required for artificial pollination. On the other hand, if pollination trees are mixed, artificial pollination is no longer necessary, but the amount of flowering increases so that nutrients are dispersed and fruit growth is hindered. Insufficient fruit growth due to excessive flowering is a problem that also occurs with self-compatible fruit trees. Therefore, in order to promote fruit enlargement and produce high-quality fruits, it is necessary to limit the number of fruits by flowering and / or fruit harvesting and concentrate nutrients on the remaining fruits.
[0003]
Conventionally, lime-sulfur mixtures have been used for flowering and / or fruiting of apples and the like (unless otherwise specified, “flowering” refers to flowering and / or fruiting). When this agent is sprayed during the flowering period, the agent damages the stigma and pollen and inhibits fertilization, so there is no need to manually pick up flowers, and labor saving in flowering work can be achieved.
[0004]
However, this agent has the following problems. First, the lime-sulfur mixture is strongly alkaline and has mucous membrane irritation, which has a harmful effect on the human body. Furthermore, since it also has corrosive properties, there is a problem that metal products, farm equipment, and automobiles rust in a house adjacent to a fruit tree garden. The rust generated in this way is not only a problem in the lives of neighboring residents, but also attaches to the skin and damages the commercial value of the fruit. And since a lime sulfur mixture tends to form a film on a spraying surface, when it tries to spray another agricultural chemical after that, there also exists a problem that absorption will be inhibited.
[0005]
In recent years, flowering agents containing calcium salts or organic acids have also been developed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). However, there are still toxic and environmental problems when spraying chemically synthesized alkaline calcium salts. The above problem is alleviated when spraying naturally occurring organic acids, but the effect of flowering is still not sufficient. In addition, both methods have a problem that they are not necessarily economical in terms of price.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-206804
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-206805
[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a safe and economical flowering agent, in particular, a flowering agent containing a porous powder, instead of a flowering agent having problems in terms of toxicity, safety and economy. Furthermore, it aims also at providing the flowering method and fruit production method using said flowering agent.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above situation, as a result of intensive research, the present inventors have found that spraying an agent containing porous powder on the flowers of fruit trees can inhibit fertilization and reduce the labor of flowering work, thereby completing the present invention. It was.
[0010]
That is, the gist of the present invention resides in a solid agent for flowering fruit trees containing porous powder. As porous powder, when the amount of Si and Al contained is converted to the amount of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 respectively,
(Converted SiO 2 weight + converted Al 2 O 3 weight) / (weight of porous powder)
A powder having a weight ratio of 50% or more can be used. As the porous powder can be used zeolite, at least one selected from montmorillonite DOO or Ranaru group. Solid Katachizai further including citric acid. The solid agent can be diluted with water to form a liquid agent.
[0011]
Furthermore, the gist of the present invention also lies in a flowering method including spraying the solid agent or liquid agent a plurality of times after the full bloom period on the flowers of fruit trees. Moreover, it exists also in the flowering method including spraying the agent which accelerates | stimulates drying to the stigma of the flower of a fruit tree. And it exists also in the fruit production method including spraying said solid agent or liquid agent several times after the full bloom period with respect to the flower of a fruit tree.
[0012]
Examples of the fruit tree subject to the present invention include apples, peaches, and pears.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
In the present invention, it is possible to save the flowering by spraying the agent containing the porous powder on the flower of the fruit tree.
[0014]
The reason why the fruiting can be inhibited in the present invention is not clear, but it is considered that when a porous powder having a large specific surface area adheres to the stigma, drying is promoted and fertilization is inhibited. Moreover, it is thought that fertilization is inhibited as a result of inhibiting pollen tube growth.
[0015]
From the viewpoint of promoting drying of the stigma, a porous powder having a large specific surface area is preferable. The specific surface area of the powder used is 50 m 2 / g or more, preferably 100 m 2 / g, more preferably 150 m 2 / g. Further, 10000m 2 / g, preferably 5000 m 2 / g, more preferably not more than 2000 m 2 / g. If the specific surface area is too small, the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained. If the specific surface area is too large, the bulk density decreases and handling becomes difficult. In addition, said specific surface area is a value of the specific surface area measured using nitrogen adsorption by BET method.
[0016]
The average particle size of the powder is 0.1 μm or more, preferably 0.5 μm or more, and 20 μm or less, preferably 10 μm or less. If it is too fine, a problem arises in handling, and if it is too coarse, it is difficult to obtain the effects of the present invention.
[0017]
As the porous material to be used, a material mainly composed of Si and / or Al is preferably used from the viewpoint of safety and price. As the content of Si and / or Al,
(Converted SiO 2 weight + converted Al 2 O 3 weight) / (weight of porous powder)
Is 20 wt% or more, preferably 50 wt% or more. Here, the terms SiO 2 weight refers to the weight of SiO 2 in the case of Si in the porous material is assumed that all was present as SiO 2. It Converts Al 2 O 3 by weight and refers to the weight of the Al 2 O 3 on the assumption that Al porous material is present as all Al 2 O 3.
[0018]
The contained elements other than Si and Al are not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention can be obtained. For example, alkali metals such as Na and K, alkaline earth metals such as Mg and Ca, transition metals such as Ti, carbon, and phosphorus Is mentioned.
[0019]
Porous materials that can be used are zeolites, it is at least one selected from montmorillonite DOO or Ranaru group. Also, vegetable powders, for example wood flour, rice hulls, can also be used sawdust and the like.
[0020]
There is no particular limitation on the pore structure of the porous material may be a microporous and mesoporous materials having uniform pore structure, one-dimensional, such as zeolite, a material having a two-dimensional, or three-dimensional channel Alternatively, a layered material such as montmorillonite may be used.
[0021]
When using zeolite, the type is not particularly limited, and various types of zeolite such as X-type, Y-type, A-type, mordenite, and ZSM-5 can be used, and some of them are replaced with transition metals such as Ti. You can also A material in which H + is exchanged with a cation such as Na + or K + can also be used. Furthermore, zeolite analogues such as aluminophosphate (ALPO) and silica aluminophosphate (SAPO) can also be used.
[0022]
Various substitutes and adducts can be used as montmorillonite. For example, magnesia montmorillonite, iron montmorillonite, iron magnesia montmorillonite, beidellite, nontronite, supportite, hectorite, and soconite. Examples of cations in montmorillonite include K + , Na + , and Ca 2+ , and when Ca 2+ is contained, a floating skin preventing effect due to the formation of calcium pectate can also be obtained. Various clay minerals other than montmorillonite can also be used.
[0023]
As the porous powder of the present invention, a powder derived from a natural mineral or a powder derived from a synthetic product can be used. From an economic point of view, zeolite, montmorillonite, and diatomaceous earth are preferably derived from natural minerals, but synthetic zeolites can also be used. As for silica gel, a synthetic product is preferable from the viewpoint of availability and performance.
[0024]
The porous powder used in the present invention can be obtained by pulverizing various materials by a conventionally known method. For example, a ball mill or a jet mill can be used for dry pulverization, and a dyno mill can be used for wet pulverization. Commercially available pulverized powder can also be used.
[0025]
The solid preparation of the present invention further contains citric acid. Citric acid inhibits fertilization by an action other than the porous powder that dries the stigma . This is because the effect can be expected to be enhanced by the combined use with the porous powder due to the different actions. From further aspects of toxicity and safety, is a compound which can be added to foods to be naturally occurring, good preferable in terms of not damaging the bark and leaves.
[0026]
Although the solid preparation of the present invention can be directly applied to the fruit and / or leaf surface, it is preferable to apply as a liquid diluted with water in consideration of ease of handling and uniformity during application. The amount of the porous powder is 0.1% by weight or more of water, preferably 0.2% by weight or more, and 3.0% by weight or less, preferably 2.0% by weight or less. If the amount is too large, it is difficult to suspend, and if it is too small, the effect of the present invention is difficult to obtain. When a plurality of porous powders are used in combination, each type of porous powder is preferably in the above range. The amount of the organic acid is 0.1% by weight or more of water, preferably 0.2% by weight or more, and 3.0% by weight or less, preferably 2.0% by weight or less. If the amount of the organic acid is too small, it is difficult to obtain the effect of the present invention, and if it is too large, it is not economical.
[0027]
The timing and number of spraying of the agent of the present invention depend on the target fruit tree, and in the case of a liquid agent, it also depends on the concentration thereof, but it is considered that the agent of the present invention needs to adhere to the stigma. It is desirable to spray after flowering fertilization. In general, since the central flower that blooms immediately after entering the flowering period has a higher probability of fruiting, it is preferable to produce fruit without spraying during the period until pollination of the target central flower occurs. Later side flowers and spikelets that bloom are unnecessary, and in order to prevent their fertilization, the agent of the present invention can be periodically and repeatedly sprayed multiple times. For example, it is not sprayed from flowering to full bloom, the flowering in the meantime is set to fruit, and after that, it can be repeatedly sprayed and flowered. In the case of apples, it can be repeated 2-3 times every 2-3 days from the full bloom period. The number of days and the number of times exemplified can be changed depending on the length of flowering period and the amount of flowering of the varieties to be spread.
[0028]
Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular as a fruit tree used as the object of dispersion | distribution by this invention, For example, an apple, a peach, and a pear are mentioned.
[0029]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
<Example 1> Apple (Fuji)
Zeolite powder (manufactured by Nitto Flour Chemical Co., Ltd .: particle diameter 1.92μ, using ores from Iizaka Town, Fukushima Prefecture), montmorillonite powder (manufactured by Soft Silica Corporation: particle diameter 2.0μ, using ores from Akita Prefecture), or diatomaceous earth powder (Kunimine) Kogyo Co., Ltd. (particle size: 2.0 μ, using ore from Fukushima Prefecture) and citric acid were mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 1 to produce a solid preparation. These solid agents were weighed and dispensed so as to be 0.5% by weight and 1.0% by weight with respect to water, and diluted with water to obtain liquids. For comparison, a solution in which only citric acid was dissolved in water was also prepared.
[0030]
Each of these solutions was sprayed twice in total in the different test areas, the full bloom period (May 5) of the central flower of the apple and 4 days later. The flowering rate on each day is shown below. The application amount was 500 L per 10a.
[0031]
[Table 1]
The fruiting rate on May 20 was as follows. For comparison, the results in the test section where the flowering agent of the present invention was not sprayed are shown in the untreated section.
[0032]
[Table 2]
<Example 2> Peach (Kawanakajima white peach)
A liquid preparation was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and sprayed twice on April 15 and April 19. In addition, the average flowering rate of the whole garden is 50% on April 15 and 80% on April 19, which corresponds to the half blooming and full bloom periods, respectively. The fruiting rate on April 30 is shown below.
[0033]
[Table 3]
<Example 3> Pear (Saisui)
A liquid preparation was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and sprayed twice on April 19 and April 23. In addition, the average flowering rate of the whole garden is 53% on April 19 and 88% on April 23, which corresponds to the half blooming and full bloom periods, respectively. The fruiting rate on April 30 is shown below.
[0034]
[Table 4]
As described above, it can be seen that when the agent of the present invention is sprayed, the fruiting rate is significantly reduced and there is a flowering effect.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
The flowering agent of the present invention contains a porous powder, and when the agent is sprayed and adhered to the stigma, fertilization is inhibited and flowering is labor-saving. According to the flowering agent and the flowering method of the present invention, excessive fruit formation can be prevented safely and economically, and high-quality fruit can be produced.
Claims (12)
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| JP2003093633A JP4064280B2 (en) | 2003-03-31 | 2003-03-31 | Flowering agent and method of fruit tree |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003093633A JP4064280B2 (en) | 2003-03-31 | 2003-03-31 | Flowering agent and method of fruit tree |
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| JP4064280B2 true JP4064280B2 (en) | 2008-03-19 |
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| EP3241437A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 | 2017-11-08 | Kmetijski Institut Slovenije | Method for fruitlet thinning of fruit trees |
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| CN105417543B (en) * | 2015-10-26 | 2020-07-03 | 河北民族师范学院 | A preparation process of nanoporous silicon electrode material |
| CN119064044B (en) * | 2024-08-29 | 2025-03-28 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Flower thinning machine performance detection device and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP3241437A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 | 2017-11-08 | Kmetijski Institut Slovenije | Method for fruitlet thinning of fruit trees |
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