JP5015809B2 - Open shield machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an open shield machine that is used in an open shield method for constructing underground structures such as water and sewage systems, common grooves, telegraphs and telephones, and other underground passages in urban areas.

  The open shield method is a rational method that utilizes the advantages of the open cut method (open cut method) and the shield method, and the outline of the open shield machine 1 used in this open shield method is as shown in FIG. The front, rear, and top surfaces of the plate 1a and the bottom plate 1b connected to the side wall plates 1a are opened, the front ends of the side wall plate 1a and the bottom plate 1b are formed as blade edges 11, and the center of the side wall plate 1a is formed. Alternatively, the shield jacks 2 are arranged side by side in the vertical direction near the rear end. In the figure, 3 indicates a partition wall.

  The open shield method to be constructed using the open shield machine 1 is not shown in the figure, but the open shield machine 1 is installed in the start pit, the shield jack 2 of the open shield machine 1 is extended, and the inside of the start mine is The open shield machine 1 is advanced by taking the reaction force against the reaction wall, the first concrete box 4 forming the underground structure is suspended from above, and the shield is shrunk in the tail part 1c of the open shield machine 1 Set behind jack 2. A strut is disposed between the shield jack 2 and the reaction wall to adjust the distance appropriately.

  In addition, the start pit is made up of a retaining wall, and in order to start the open shield machine 1, a part of this retaining wall is mirror-cut. If necessary, the ground is improved at the front part of the starting pit by chemical injection or the like. Sometimes it is left.

  The excavator 9 such as an excavator or a backhoe excavates the earth and sand from the front or upper surface of the open shield machine 1 while forming a stable excavation surface in the part surrounded by the partition wall 3 and the side wall plate 1a and the natural ground ahead. And dump the earth. Simultaneously with or after this earth removal step, the shield jack 2 is extended to advance the open shield machine 1. In the case of this forward process, a press bar 8 made of a frame body made of box steel or mold steel is disposed in front of the concrete box 4, and the open shield machine 1 reacts from the concrete box 4 set rearward. Take.

  Further, the grout material 6 is filled into the tail void (corresponding to the shield machine plate thickness) generated in the advancement process from the grout hole 4e previously set in the concrete box 4 simultaneously with the advancement process.

  Then, the second concrete box 4 is suspended in the tail part 1 c of the open shield machine 1 in front of the first concrete box 4. Thereafter, the same soil removal process, advance process, and setting process of the concrete box 4 are repeated as appropriate, and the concrete boxes 4 are sequentially left in the ground as the open shield machine 1 moves forward. Put backfill 5 on the upper surface of 4.

  When the concrete box 4 is suspended in the tail part 1c of the open shield machine 1, a height adjusting material 7 such as a concrete block is disposed under the concrete box 4, and the concrete part 4 is placed in the tail part 1c. The grout material 6 is filled in the left and right and lower spaces of the box 4.

  In this way, if the open shield machine 1 reaches the reaching mine, it is removed and the construction is completed.

  In such an open shield construction method, as described above, the concrete box 4 is left in the ground in a column as the open shield machine 1 advances, and the concrete box 4 is suspended in the tail portion 1c of the open shield machine 1. As the open shield machine 1 moves forward, it leaves the tail portion 1c and remains in the ground. The open shield machine 1 takes a reaction force on the concrete box 4 left in the ground in this way. Advance.

  The concrete box 4 is made of reinforced concrete and comprises a left side plate 4a, a right side plate 4b, an upper floor plate 4c, and a lower floor plate 4d as shown in FIG.

  The prior art is generally performed by those skilled in the art, and is not related to a known invention.

  On the ground where the independence of the natural ground is low, the excavation of the face hill at the front part of the open shield machine is only by heavy equipment such as a backhoe, and when the backhoe approaches the face part, the ground will collapse, and the heavy equipment scaffolding It is dangerous because heavy machinery may fall to the face.

  For this reason, the distance of the approach to the face of the backhoe is limited, and there is a disadvantage that the work range of the backhoe does not reach the bottom of the excavation and there is a place where excavation cannot be performed.

  Even when the excavation depth is deep, excavation may not be possible because the backhoe bucket does not reach the excavation bottom. In order to eliminate such inconvenience, it was necessary to lower the ground as a scaffold for the backhoe, and the workability was not good.

  Furthermore, since the excavation was performed only by the backhoe, when it was necessary to remove the earth and sand near both corners of the front part from the aspect of propulsion thrust reduction and attitude control of the open shield machine, the bottom corners of the shield machine were In some cases, the sand and sand near the corner cannot be removed, and this earth and sand may increase the thrust of the open shield machine, making it difficult to control the excavation.

  In addition, when the construction site is deep and the collapsible ground and it is necessary to excavate near the bottom of the open shield machine, the excavation slope of the face of the open shield machine will be formed. It is difficult, and in order to form a stable excavation slope on the face of Mt. Kiwachi, the ground shield near the bottom of the open shield machine is loosened and excavated and propelled in the state where the sediment is collected on the front of the bulkhead. The propulsive thrust increases, and it may be difficult to control the excavation.

  The object of the present invention is to eliminate the inconvenience of the conventional example, and enables excavation / soil removal of a natural ground near the bottom of the shield machine even in a place where access to the backhoe face is restricted due to a low self-supporting natural ground. Even if the excavation depth is increased and the collapsible ground is used to loosen the sediment near the lower part of the shield machine and accumulate the sediment on the front of the bulkhead, the excavation can be done without increasing the thrust. An object of the present invention is to provide an open shield machine that can excavate the earth and sand near the corners without any hindrance and prevent an increase in propulsive thrust.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 and claim 3 includes a step of excavating and discharging soil in front of the front or upper surface opening of the open shield machine, and a vertical column on the left and right of the shield machine. Extending the shield jacks that have been placed multiple times to advance the shield machine with the reaction force of the concrete box, filling the tail void with grout material, and newly behind the shield jacks that have been shrunk in the tail part of the shield machine Open shield method of burying concrete boxes in series one after another by repeating the process of hanging and setting a concrete box from above and filling the grout material between the set concrete box and the tail as appropriate in the open shield machine for use, such as the ground with a high soft ground and water table disintegrating, low autonomy natural ground Are those ground by the excavator is used in place that may mound collapses approaches the working face portion, as drilling aid in the case of drilling by the drilling machine such as a backhoe, a front portion of the open shield machine main body, drilling The excavation assisting means by the auger for the open shield machine is arranged at the bottom of the front part of the open shield machine main body so that its length direction is in the propulsion direction or perpendicular to the propulsion direction. The gist of the present invention is that a soil removal means, which is an auger for unloading the remaining soil, is provided behind the partition wall .

  According to the first or third aspect of the present invention, since the excavation assisting means and the earth removing means are provided at the front portion of the open shield machine main body, the excavation by the backhoe alone is not performed, and the independence of the face of the face is achieved. Even when the access to the backhoe face is restricted on low ground, or when the backhoe bucket is too deep and the backhoe bucket does not reach, excavation and soil removal of the ground near the bottom of the shield machine is possible.

  In addition, excavation and soil removal can be made into two systems, that is, using a backhoe, and using an excavation assisting means and an earthing means, so that excavation time can be shortened.

  By the excavation auxiliary means and the soil removal means provided at the front part of the open shield machine main body, the earth and sand near the bottom corners of the shield machine can be excavated and removed.

  In addition, when the construction site is deep and the collapsible ground has to be excavated to the bottom of the open shield machine, the face of the open shield machine will have a drilling slope. In order to form a stable excavation slope on the face of the face, it is difficult to unravel the ground near the bottom of the open shield machine and keep the sediment in the front of the bulkhead. Can excavate without increasing the thrust.

  In addition, when it is necessary to remove earth and sand at the bottom corners of the front part from the aspect of reducing the thrust thrust and attitude control of the shield machine, the excavation auger is arranged to reach the bottom corners of the front part. Therefore, the earth and sand in the corners can be excavated and removed without hindrance, and the propulsive thrust can be prevented from increasing.

The present invention according to claim 2 and claim 4 includes a step of excavating and discharging soil in front of the front or upper surface opening of the open shield machine, and extending a plurality of shield jacks arranged in tandem on the left and right of the shield machine. The process of advancing the shield machine with the reaction force of the concrete box, the process of filling the tail void with grout material, and the new concrete box hung from behind the shield jack shrunk in the tail part of the shield machine a step of setting Te in an open shield machine used in the open shield method for burying sequentially concrete box-body repeatedly and step appropriate for filling the grout in tandem between the concrete a box body and a tail portion that sets, soft The excavator approaches the face part on the ground where the independence of the natural ground is low, such as the ground or the ground with high collapse of the groundwater level. The natural ground is intended to be used in a location that may collapses, as drilling aid in the case of drilling by the drilling machine such as a backhoe, a drilling aid by drilling auger to the front of the open shield machine main body, the open shield the bottom of the front portion of the machine body, the propulsion direction the length direction of that, or arranged in a direction orthogonal to the propulsion direction, behind the front portion of the open shield machine main body septum, posterior The gist of the present invention is that the section is provided with a soil removal means that is a bucket for carrying out residual soil and a crane for carrying out residual soil.

  According to the second or fourth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above action, the residual soil carrying bucket and the residual soil carrying crane are disposed at the rear position of the excavating auger, and thus excavated by the excavating auger. The earth and sand are loaded as they are on a dump truck or the like by a remaining soil carrying out auger, or a remaining soil carrying bucket and a remaining soil carrying crane.

  The gist of the present invention according to claim 1 or claim 3 is that the excavation assisting means is an excavation auger disposed in the propulsion direction at the bottom of the front portion of the open shield machine main body.

  The present invention according to claim 2 or claim 4 is characterized in that the excavation assisting means is an excavation auger disposed in a direction perpendicular to the propulsion direction at the bottom of the front portion of the open shield machine main body. To do.

  According to these aspects of the present invention, the excavation auger is simply disposed at the bottom of the front portion of the open shield machine, and if the shield machine is advanced, the ground near the bottom can be excavated by the auger.

  As described above, the open shield machine of the present invention enables excavation and earthing of a ground near the bottom of the shield machine even in a place where access to the face of the backhoe is restricted in a ground with low independence, Even when excavating and propelling in a state where the depth of excavation is deep and collapsing and the soil near the lower part of the shield machine is loosened and accumulated, the excavation can be done without increasing the thrust, and both the corners of the front part Sediment can also be excavated without hindrance, and the propulsive thrust can be prevented from rising.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view showing a first embodiment of the open shield machine of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of the same, and the basic configuration of the open shield machine is the same as that of the conventional example described with reference to FIG. The detailed description here is omitted. Further, the basic process according to the present invention is the same as that of the above-described prior art, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted here.

  Even in the open shield method using the open shield machine 1 of the present invention, the face hill is basically excavated by an excavator 9 such as a backhoe. However, in the present invention, the front portion 1d is used as an excavation auxiliary means. The auger 16 for excavation was disposed at the bottom with its length direction oriented in the propulsion direction.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of excavating augers 16 (four in the illustrated example) are arranged in parallel and are arranged over the entire length in the lateral width direction of the bottom of the front portion 1d.

  Then, the remaining soil unloading auger 17 is arranged as a soil discharging means with the length direction being vertical, and the upper end of the remaining soil unloading auger 17 is projected to the ground. The belt conveyor 19 is connected.

  A plurality (two in the illustrated example) of the remaining soil carrying out augers 17 are also arranged. In the first embodiment, one remaining soil carrying out auger 17 is provided between the two excavating augers 16. Arranged.

  In the figure, reference numeral 18 denotes a drive motor for the excavation auger 16 and the remaining soil carry-out auger 17.

  In the figure, reference numeral 12 denotes a slide retaining plate provided on the side portion of the front portion 1d, and reference numeral 13 denotes a half-folded jack.

  In the open shield method using the open shield machine 1, the excavator 9 excavates a part of the face mountain that can be excavated from the ground with an excavator 9 such as a backhoe.

  Where the excavator 9 approaches the face part of the ground where the independence of the natural ground is low, such as soft ground or ground with high groundwater level, and the bottom of the excavation is deep The place where the backhoe bucket does not reach and the site cannot be excavated is a stable excavation method with the excavator 9 in the middle and front surrounded by the slide earth retaining plate 12 and the bulkhead 3 disposed on the side and side of the front portion 1d. The excavation is performed while forming a plane and retaining the ground at the bottom of the front portion 1d while accumulating groundwater and earth and sand. Then, the excavating auger 16 is driven to loosen the accumulated sand and ground at the bottom of the front part, and the shield machine is advanced while taking the excavated earth and sand into the open shield machine 1. The taken earth and sand are pulled up from the bottom of the front part 1d by the remaining earth carrying out auger 17, carried out by the belt conveyor 19, and loaded onto the dump truck.

  In addition, when it is necessary to remove earth and sand near both corners of the front portion 1d of the open shield machine 1 from the aspects of propulsion thrust reduction and attitude control of the open shield machine 1, the excavation auger 16 has both the front parts 1d. Since it is arranged so as to reach the corner, the earth and sand in the corner can be excavated and discharged without any problem, and the increase of propulsive thrust can be suppressed.

  In addition, when the construction site is deep and the collapsible ground has to be excavated to the bottom of the open shield machine, the face of the open shield machine will have a drilling slope. In order to form a stable excavation slope on the face of Mt. Kiwachi, it is difficult to unravel the ground near the bottom of the open shield machine and excavate it with the earth and sand collected in front of the bulkhead 3. The natural ground near the bottom of 1 is excavated by the excavating auger 16, and the excavated soil is discharged by the remaining soil carrying out auger 17.

  Therefore, the excavation auger 16 is temporarily stopped or propelled while the open shield machine 1 is propelled and stopped or propelled in a state where earth and sand or groundwater is accumulated at the bottom of the open shield machine 1 and the front surface of the partition wall 3. Further, only the remaining soil discharge auger 17 can be driven to excavate while removing the soil, and the excavation can be performed safely without increasing the thrust.

  In addition, since the excavation can be performed with the earth and sand accumulated even when the excavation depth is deep, a stable slope with a low excavation slope height can be formed.

  Excavation time can be shortened because the excavation / soil removal is performed by two systems of the excavator 9 such as a backhoe and the excavation auger 16 and the remaining soil carry-out auger 17.

  3 and 4 show the second embodiment, and the arrangement of the excavating auger 16 is the same as the propulsion direction of the open shield machine 1 in the first embodiment, but is orthogonal to the propulsion direction in the second embodiment. In the example shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, two excavation augers 16 are arranged in series at the bottom of the front portion 1 d with a drive motor 18 interposed therebetween.

  Other configurations and excavation propulsion operations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  5 and 6 show the third embodiment, and the construction of the excavation auger 16 is the same as that of the second embodiment. However, the excavation auger 17 is replaced with the remaining soil carry-out auger 17 as the construction of the soil removal means. 16, the remaining soil carrying bucket 14 and the remaining soil carrying crane 15 are disposed in the rear part of the front part 1 d of the main body of the open shield machine 1.

  The remaining soil carrying crane 15 was installed on the ground so as to be movable in the horizontal direction, and the remaining soil carrying bucket 14 was suspended from the remaining soil carrying crane 15 so as to be vertically movable.

  Therefore, the face mountain at the bottom of the front portion 1d that cannot be excavated by the excavator 9, such as a backhoe, is excavated by the excavating auger 16, the excavated earth and sand is taken into the residual soil carrying bucket 14, and this is lifted and carried out of the machine to leave the residual soil. The crane 15 for unloading is loaded into a dump truck.

It is a vertical side view which shows 1st Embodiment of the open shield machine of this invention. It is a front view which shows 1st Embodiment of the open shield machine of this invention. It is a vertical side view which shows 2nd Embodiment of the open shield machine of this invention. It is a front view which shows 2nd Embodiment of the open shield machine of this invention. It is a vertical side view which shows 3rd Embodiment of the open shield machine of this invention. It is a front view which shows 3rd Embodiment of the open shield machine of this invention. It is a vertical side view which shows the outline of an open shield construction method. It is a perspective view of a concrete box.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Open shield machine 1a Side wall plate 1b Bottom plate 1c Tail part 1d Front part 2 Shield jack 3 Bulkhead 4 Concrete box 4a Left side board 4b Right side board 4c Upper floor board 4d Lower floor board 4e Grout hole 5 Backfill soil 6 Grout material 7 Height adjustment Material 8 Press bar 9 Excavator 10 Opening
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Cutting edge 12 Slide retaining plate 13 Folding jack 14 Bucket for carrying out residual soil 15 Crane for carrying out residual soil 16 Auger for excavation 17 Auger for carrying out residual soil 18 Drive motor 19 Belt conveyor

Claims (4)

The process of excavating and discharging the soil in front of the front or top opening of the open shield machine, and extending the shield jacks arranged in tandem on the left and right of the shield machine to advance the shield machine using the concrete box as a reaction force A step of filling the tail void with a grout material, a step of hanging a new concrete box from the upper side of the shield jack shrunk in the tail part of the shield machine, and a set concrete box and tail In the open shield machine used in the open shield construction method in which the concrete box is sequentially embedded in columns by repeating the process of filling the grout material between the parts as appropriate,
It is used in places where there is a possibility that the ground will collapse when the excavator approaches the face part on the ground where the independence of the ground is low, such as soft ground or ground with high collapsible groundwater level,
As excavation auxiliary means when excavating with an excavator such as a backhoe,
At the front of the open shield machine main body, excavation auxiliary means by a drilling auger is arranged at the bottom of the front part of the open shield machine main body with its length direction in the propulsion direction,
An open shield machine characterized in that a soil removal means that is an auger for residual soil removal is provided behind the bulkhead of the front part of the open shield machine. The process of excavating and discharging the soil in front of the front or top opening of the open shield machine, and extending the shield jacks arranged in tandem on the left and right of the shield machine to advance the shield machine using the concrete box as a reaction force A step of filling the tail void with a grout material, a step of hanging a new concrete box from the upper side of the shield jack shrunk in the tail part of the shield machine, and a set concrete box and tail In the open shield machine used in the open shield construction method in which the concrete box is sequentially embedded in columns by repeating the process of filling the grout material between the parts as appropriate,
It is used in places where there is a possibility that the ground will collapse when the excavator approaches the face part on the ground where the independence of the ground is low, such as soft ground or ground with high collapsible groundwater level,
As excavation auxiliary means when excavating with an excavator such as a backhoe,
Drilling aid by drilling auger to the front of the open shield machine main body, the bottom of the front portion of the open shield machine main body, toward the lengthwise direction of it to the propulsion direction, and disposed across the width direction of the open shield machine ,
An open shield machine characterized in that a soil removal means that is a bucket for carrying out residual soil and a crane for carrying out residual soil is provided behind the bulkhead of the front part of the open shield machine. The process of excavating and discharging the soil in front of the front or top opening of the open shield machine, and extending the shield jacks arranged in tandem on the left and right of the shield machine to advance the shield machine using the concrete box as a reaction force A step of filling the tail void with a grout material, a step of hanging a new concrete box from the upper side of the shield jack shrunk in the tail part of the shield machine, and a set concrete box and tail In the open shield machine used in the open shield construction method in which the concrete box is sequentially embedded in columns by repeating the process of filling the grout material between the parts as appropriate,
It is used in places where there is a possibility that the ground will collapse when the excavator approaches the face part on the ground where the independence of the ground is low, such as soft ground or ground with high collapsible groundwater level,
As excavation auxiliary means when excavating with an excavator such as a backhoe,
Excavation assisting means by excavation auger at the front of the open shield machine main body, and the length direction of the front part of the open shield machine main body is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the propulsion direction,
An open shield machine characterized in that a soil removal means that is an auger for residual soil removal is provided behind the bulkhead of the front part of the open shield machine. The process of excavating and discharging the soil in front of the front or top opening of the open shield machine, and extending the shield jacks arranged in tandem on the left and right of the shield machine to advance the shield machine using the concrete box as a reaction force A step of filling the tail void with a grout material, a step of hanging a new concrete box from the upper side of the shield jack shrunk in the tail part of the shield machine, and a set concrete box and tail In the open shield machine used in the open shield construction method in which the concrete box is sequentially embedded in columns by repeating the process of filling the grout material between the parts as appropriate,
It is used in places where there is a possibility that the ground will collapse when the excavator approaches the face part on the ground where the independence of the ground is low, such as soft ground or ground with high collapsible groundwater level,
As excavation auxiliary means when excavating with an excavator such as a backhoe,
Excavation assisting means by excavation auger at the front of the open shield machine main body, and the length direction of the front part of the open shield machine main body is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the propulsion direction,
An open shield machine characterized in that a soil removal means that is a bucket for carrying out residual soil and a crane for carrying out residual soil is provided behind the bulkhead of the front part of the open shield machine.

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