JP5055477B2 - Waste fluorescent tube crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a used fluorescent tube crushing machine crushing only a glass portion in crushing the used fluorescent tube. <P>SOLUTION: The rotation speed of a crushing blade crushing the used fluorescent tube is slowed, a projecting edge is given to the upper surface of the crushing blade, the breadth of a slope on which the used fluorescent tube is slid is made wide, and sliding-down positions can be properly used according to the kinds of the used fluorescent tubes. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for crushing waste fluorescent tubes into a recyclable form.

Conventionally, since waste fluorescent tubes contain toxic mercury, their treatment methods are collected at waste disposal sites in each municipality, where they are crushed into pieces with a crusher and packed into drums, and then 2 places nationwide. They have been sent to a landfill facility for waste fluorescent tubes, processed and landfilled by methods such as concrete solidification. However, this method not only does not recycle aluminum caps, brass and copper wires, and glass parts used in fluorescent tubes, but also creates a problem of tight landfill disposal due to the huge amount of landfill. .

  Therefore, it is not crushed by a crusher at present, and it is transported to the waste fluorescent tube processing facilities in several places throughout the country as it is, where the base part is first removed by hand or by cutting and then attached to the glass part. Toxic mercury that has been used has come to be treated by distillation at high temperatures or washing with chemicals. However, this method has a problem that the transportation cost is several times higher than the case of sending by conventional drum canning, and the processing is troublesome and expensive, so that the processing cost is also high.

In recent years, there has been an increase in bulb-type fluorescent lamps and compact fluorescent lamps in Japan, but there is no processing machine that separates the base part and glass part from these fluorescent lamps and removes toxic mercury adhering to the glass. Therefore, any processing facility is in trouble, and a processing machine that can safely process these fluorescent lamps and can be recycled is required.

  In order to remove toxic mercury from waste fluorescent tubes, the base and glass must first be separated. For that purpose, it is necessary to cut the bonding part of the base part and the glass part, and it is necessary to make a cutting machine according to hundreds of kinds of fluorescent lamps. In addition to being expensive, if you set up a machine that matches the fluorescent lamps that are discarded at each processing facility, it will take time and work. Furthermore, enormous transportation costs are required to transport discarded fluorescent lamps as they are to the processing facility.

  Therefore, at the waste disposal site in each municipality, only the glass part is crushed with the crusher of the present invention and the metal or plastic base part is not crushed, and the crushed waste is packed in a drum can and transported to the treatment facility. For example, transportation costs can be significantly reduced.

  If the base part is not crushed even in the processing facility, it will be possible to separate the glass and base using a separator in the next process, and it will be easier to remove toxic mercury from the glass, and it will be used for fluorescent lamps. It also makes it easier to recycle aluminum caps, brass, copper wire, and glass.

In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, four columns are set up on the crusher so that the crushed material can enter the drum, a caster is attached to the column, and a motor installed at the center of the crusher is directly above the drum. Make adjustments to come. The crushing machine fixes the motor downward on the table board, the motor shaft penetrates the table board, rotates the square bar-shaped crushing blade on the lower side of the table board, and waste fluorescent light with a slope from the diagonally upper part of the table board While sliding the tube,
It passes through a square hole drilled in the table plate so that the glass part of the waste fluorescent tube can be crushed with a square bar-shaped crushing blade.

When the waste fluorescent tube is crushed, toxic mercury is scattered, so the space between the crusher and the drum can is covered with a transparent resin sheet and sealed. The slope that slides the waste fluorescent tube is also covered in a cylindrical shape, and a rubber screen is hung in the middle of the tube so that the screen can be pushed only when the waste fluorescent tube passes over the slope. Try to block air. While the crusher is in operation, the inside of the crusher is always sucked to create a negative pressure, so that it is sucked from the intake port attached to the bottom of the slope with a suction blower via a dust filter.

  The motor attached to the crusher makes the crushing blade rotational speed relatively slow at 150 to 450 revolutions per minute.

  The crushing blade attached to the motor is a combination of four blades in the shape of a metal square bar in a cross shape, or a combination of 5 to 8 blades. In addition, one or a plurality of blades protruding upward are attached to each blade. This upwardly protruding blade serves as a blade for crushing from the front of a round-shaped annular tube or a light bulb-type waste fluorescent tube, and the round-shaped waste fluorescent tube can be reliably crushed.

  The slope that slides the waste fluorescent tube is installed at a position where it collides with a square rod-shaped crushing blade that rotates at the center of the crusher as the waste fluorescent tube slides down. Depending on the type of fluorescent tube, the position to be slid can be used on the left, right and center. A guide plate is attached so that the waste fluorescent tube slides straight down. When the crushing blade is rotating in the same direction that the waste fluorescent tube slides down the slope, the speed at which the crushing blade hits the waste fluorescent tube is determined by the waste fluorescent tube sliding down the slope from the rotation speed of the crushing blade. It becomes a relatively slow speed minus the speed. Since the crushing force is proportional to the square of the speed at which the crushing blade hits, the crushing force falls dramatically as the speed at which the crushing blade hits becomes slower. Using this principle, only the glass part can be crushed so as not to break the plastic base part such as the annular tube. If the opposite side of the slope is used at this time, the speed at which the waste fluorescent tube hits the crushing blade will be the rotational speed of the crushing blade plus the speed at which the slope slides down. Since it increases dramatically, it is suitable for crushing glass that is hard to break, such as a light bulb.

  Even if it has a round shape like a light bulb type, it slides along the guide plate when sliding down the slope, so if you drop it with the base part up and the glass part down, it keeps the same posture Since it can drop, a crushing blade can be first applied to the glass portion, and only the glass portion can be crushed without crushing the plastic base portion.

  Since the present invention is configured as described above, the invention according to claim 1 reduces the impact force of the waste fluorescent tube against the crushing blade by rotating the crushing blade at a relatively slow speed, and the annular tube, light bulb type, compact Only a glass part of a waste fluorescent tube such as a sphere can be crushed, and a crusher that does not crush a metal or plastic base part can be obtained. Further, by making the rotation axis vertical and attaching a blade protruding upward to the crushing blade, it is possible to easily crush the annular tube and the bulb-type waste fluorescent tube.

  In addition to the above, the invention according to the second aspect allows the sliding position to be selectively used for the left, right, and center depending on the type of the waste fluorescent tube, so the same direction as the rotation of the crushing blade reduces the crushing force. The crushing force can be increased on the opposite side, and the optimum crushing force can be selected according to the type of the waste fluorescent tube. Further, by attaching a guide plate, a round bulb-shaped waste fluorescent tube can be applied with a crushing blade first on the glass part, so that the metal or plastic base part can be prevented from being destroyed.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings. 1 is a perspective view of a waste fluorescent tube crusher according to the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a top view of the waste fluorescent tube crusher, FIG. 3 is a sectional side view of the waste fluorescent tube crusher, and FIG. 4 is a cross section of the dust collector. FIG. 5 is a sectional view when the annular tube is crushed, FIG. 6 is a perspective view when the annular tube is crushed, FIG. 7 is a perspective view when the bulb-type fluorescent tube is crushed, and FIG. It is the top view and side view of another Example when it is set as 6 blades.

  FIG. 1 shows an overview of the crusher A. The crusher 1 has four pillars 2, and casters 3 are attached to the pillars 2, so that the motor 4 located in the central portion of the crusher 1 can be adjusted to be directly above the drum can 5. The crusher 1 fixes the motor 4 downward on the table plate, the motor shaft passes through the table plate, rotates the square bar-shaped crush blade 6 on the lower side of the table plate, and slopes from the diagonally upper part of the table plate. 7, the waste fluorescent tube is slid and passed through the square hole 8 formed in the table plate so that the glass portion of the waste fluorescent tube can be crushed by the square bar-shaped crushing blade 6.

  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the crusher A. Since the toxic mercury is scattered when the waste fluorescent tube is crushed, the space between the crusher 1 and the drum 5 is covered with a sheet 9 made of a transparent synthetic resin film and sealed. A rubber ring 10 is fitted to the upper end and lower end of the sheet 9 to prevent mercury vapor from leaking. When the drum 5 is filled with crushing waste, the center of the sheet 9 is bound with a rope, and then the upper end of the sheet 9 is removed from the popper 11 at the bottom of the crusher 1 to seal the inside of the drum 5 The drum can 5 can be safely separated from the crusher and replaced with a new drum can.

As shown in FIG. 3, the slope 7 for sliding the waste fluorescent tube is covered with a cylindrical steel plate 12, and a rubber screen 13 is hung in the middle of the tube so that the waste fluorescent tube passes through the slope 7 only. The screen 13 is pushed down and dropped downward so that the air is normally blocked. While the crusher is in operation, the inside of the crusher 1 is always sucked to create a negative pressure, thereby preventing leakage of mercury vapor to the outside. For this reason, the flexible pipe 15 is connected to the dust collector 16 from the intake port 14 attached to the lower part of the cylinder portion of the slope 7, and the inside of the crusher 1 is always sucked by the dust collector 16.

  FIG. 4 is a sectional side view of the dust collector 16. A replaceable cartridge type dust removal filter 17 is attached to the upper part of the dust collector 16, and a replaceable cartridge type activated carbon box 18 is also installed below the dust collector 16. At the bottom, a filter replacement sign 19 is installed in which a red lamp lights up when the filter is full. By installing the intake blower 20 at the bottom, dust scattered when the waste fluorescent tube is crushed can be captured by the dust removal filter 17 and mercury vapor can be captured by the activated carbon box 18.

  1 and 3, the motor 4 attached to the crusher 1 makes the rotation speed of the crushing blade 6 relatively slow at 150 to 450 revolutions per minute. Since the crushing force is proportional to the square of the speed at which the crushing blade 6 hits the fluorescent tube, the crushing force is significantly reduced as the rotational speed is slower. By using this principle and adjusting the collision speed and angle, it is possible to crush only the glass portion without crushing the plastic base.

  1 and 8, the crushing blade 6 attached to the motor is a combination of four blades in the shape of a steel square bar in a cross shape, or 5 to 8 crushing blades in a regular polygon. Combine it. One or a plurality of blades 21 protruding upward are attached to the top of each crushing blade 6.

  FIG. 5 is a sectional view in which the annular tube slides down the slope 7 and hits the crushing blade 6. Since the annular tube has no end and is round as a whole, the crushing blade 6 may slip and may not be crushed, but can be reliably crushed by the blade 21 protruding upward on the crushing blade.

  FIG. 6 is a perspective view in which the annular tube slides down the slope 7 and hits the crushing blade 6. Since the crushing blade 6 rotates in the same direction as the waste fluorescent tube slides down the slope 7 on the right side of the slope 7, the speed at which the crushing blade 6 collides with the waste fluorescent tube is discarded from the rotation speed v1 of the crushing blade. It becomes a relatively slow speed minus the speed v2 at which the fluorescent tube slides down the slope. The slower the impact speed, the lower the crushing force, so it is possible to crush only the glass and not crush the plastic base.

  FIG. 7 is a perspective view in which the bulb-type fluorescent tube slides down the slope 7 and hits the crushing blade 6. Since the crushing blade 6 rotates in the direction opposite to the direction in which the waste fluorescent tube slides down the slope 7 on the left side of the slope 7, the speed at which the crushing blade 6 hits the waste fluorescent tube is the rotation speed v1 of the crushing blade and the waste. A relatively high speed is obtained by adding a speed v2 at which the fluorescent tube slides down the slope. The faster the collision speed, the greater the crushing force. Therefore, it is possible to crush glass that is hard to break, such as a light bulb.

  As shown in FIG. 7, even when the bulb 7 has a round shape such as a light bulb, when the slope 7 is slid down along the guide plate 22, for example, the base part is up and the glass part is down. If you drop it, you can slide down while maintaining the same posture. If the left side of the slope 7 is slid down, since the crushing blade hits the bulb-shaped round glass portion from the front, only the glass portion can be crushed.

  Although the present invention has been specifically described above based on the embodiments, the present invention can be implemented in the same manner even if the left and right sides of the drawings of the above embodiments are reversed.

It is a perspective view of a waste fluorescent tube crusher. It is a top view of a waste fluorescent tube crusher. It is a cross-sectional side view of a waste fluorescent tube crusher. It is a cross-sectional side view of a dust collector. It is sectional drawing when an annular tube is crushed. It is a perspective view when crushing an annular tube. It is a perspective view when crushing a light bulb type fluorescent tube. It is the top view and side view which show the other Example of the crushing blade.

Explanation of symbols

A Waste fluorescent tube crusher 1 Crusher 2 Pillar 3 Caster 4 Motor 5 Drum can 6 Crush blade 7 Slope 8 Square hole 9 Sheet 10 Rubber ring 11 Hopper part 12 Cylindrical steel plate 13 Screen curtain 14 Inlet 15 Fleet pipe 16 Dust collector 17 Dust removal filter 18 Activated carbon box 19 Filter replacement sign 20 Intake blower 21 Projected blade 22 Guide plate

Claims (2)

  It is a waste fluorescent tube crusher that enables separation by crushing only the glass part of waste fluorescent tubes such as straight tubes, ring tubes, light bulbs, compact spheres, mercury lamps, etc., without crushing the metal or plastic base. The crushing blade is made of metal and has a square rod-like crushing blade, the crushing blade has a vertical rotation axis, the rotation speed is 150 to 450 revolutions per minute, and the impact force is reduced. Four blades in the shape of a square bar made of a cross or a combination of five, six, and eight crushing blades in a regular polygon. A waste fluorescent tube crusher having one or more blades protruding upward at the top.   It is a waste fluorescent tube crusher that enables separation by crushing only the glass part of waste fluorescent tubes such as straight tubes, ring tubes, light bulbs, compact spheres, mercury lamps, etc., without crushing the metal or plastic base. In addition, it has a metal hard square bar-shaped crushing blade, the crushing blade has a rotation axis vertical, and the rotation speed is 150 to 450 revolutions per minute to reduce the impact force and to crush the waste fluorescent tube A slope for sliding the waste fluorescent tube is provided on the upper side of the machine, and the plastic cap such as the annular tube is cracked when the crushing blade rotates in the same direction as the waste fluorescent tube slides down the slope. Slide the easy-to-use fluorescent tube with the glass part facing down and slide along the guide plate so that the crushing blade is applied to the glass part. Fluorescent tubes And a portion downwardly, by sliding along the guide plate, the waste fluorescent tube crusher characterized by comprising as shed crushing blades in the glass portion.

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