JP5113875B2 - Brick masonry structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a brick masonry structure, and more particularly to a brick masonry structure that is excellent in earthquake resistance without using a reinforcing bar or the like.

As a wall of a building such as a house, a brick structure such as a brick wall in which bricks are stacked is known. For example, a brick masonry structure including a bolt insertion hole into which a fastener can be inserted and interconnecting under prestress by holding the fastener passing through the bolt insertion hole in a tension state is disclosed (patent) Reference 1).
Also, the pitch of the distance between the center of the through hole and the center of the semicircular groove, and the block body provided with the vertical through hole in the center and the vertical semicircular groove on both sides. Using a horizontal reinforcing material provided with mounting holes in the above, a plurality of block bodies are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction, and the horizontal reinforcing material is interposed in the vertical direction so that the block main body has a through hole and a semicircular groove. Are stacked in such a manner that the block main body and the horizontal reinforcing material terminate in the opening portion of the window or the like, and the through hole of the block main body and the groove of the adjacent block main body. A brick building structure is disclosed in which block main bodies are fastened and integrated horizontally and vertically by a fastening tool disposed in the formed hole (Patent Document 2).
These brick masonry structures improve the earthquake resistance and the like, and are brick masonry structures that can be adapted to the various structures of various buildings.

In addition, in order to connect the brick masonry structure and the building body, it is fixed to the fixed part fixed to the pillar or beam of the building body, and to the fastening bolt of the wall of the building block structure extended to the fixed part A wall fitting comprising a bolt locking portion is disclosed (Patent Document 3).
In addition, the inner wall is constructed as a dry construction wall that can support the roof load inside the outer wall such as bricks, and a shear reinforcement member that interconnects the inner wall and the outer wall is provided, so that the seismic force acting on the roof and the inner wall can be reduced. A technique for transmitting to the outer wall is known (Patent Document 4).

  However, the conventional brick masonry structure for improving earthquake resistance is mostly the case where reinforcing bars such as tightening bolts are passed through the brick vertically and horizontally, and the brick masonry structure itself. By building up bricks with joint mortar, an earthquake-resistant brick masonry structure could not be obtained.

JP 2002-81152 A JP 09-235801 JP-A-11-14410 JP 2004-27819 A

  The present invention has been made to address the above-described problems. In a brick structure in which bricks are stacked using mortar, the mortar and brick alone are excellent in earthquake resistance without using reinforcing bars in the brick. The purpose is to provide brick masonry structure.

The present invention is a brick masonry structure in which bricks having through holes are laminated using mortar at joints with the through holes facing each other,
In this brick masonry structure, the horizontal joints where the through-holes face each other and the vertical joints parallel to the through-holes are fixed with mortar to form an integral brick wall, and the brick is made of Canadian Thermus Mountain clay. A fired brick, characterized in that the mortar is mortar cement conforming to Canadian Standard A3002 Type S.
Further, according to the brickwork structure of the present invention, a ladder-type reinforcing metal fitting is disposed in the horizontal joint portion, and an L-shaped screw joint having an L-shaped one end is used to connect the screw portion to the building body. Furthermore, the other end is fixed inside the mortar, whereby the entire brick structure is supported on the building body by the joint fitting.
In addition, the brick used in the present invention is a brick formed by baking clay molded into a brick shape using a beehive kiln at a maximum temperature of 1100 ° C. for at least 6 days.
As for the through-hole of the brick, 10 holes are provided in the same plane with respect to one brick.
The mortar used in the present invention is a mixture of 2.5 to 3 parts by volume of sand with respect to 1 part by volume of cement for mortar, kneaded by adding water to the cement and sand, and then kneaded for at least 3 minutes. It is characterized by being.

  Since the present invention uses bricks having through holes fired using clay from Canada Thermus Mountain and cement for mortar conforming to A3002 type S, it is excellent in earthquake resistance without using reinforcement such as reinforcing bars. A brick masonry structure is obtained.

It is a figure which shows the shape of a brick. It is a figure which shows a joining metal fitting. It is a figure which shows a reinforcement metal fitting. It is a front view of a brick masonry structure. It is a partially expanded sectional view of a brick masonry structure. It is detail drawing of the frame material of a test body. It is detail drawing of the outer wall base plywood of a test body. It is detail drawing of the brick masonry structure (brick wall) which is a test body. It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of a test method. It is a figure which shows a load-shear deformation angle curve. It is a figure which shows an envelope.

By using the specific brick and the specific cement for mortar, the mortar enters a part of the through-hole of the brick and hardens. As a result, a brick masonry structure with excellent earthquake resistance was obtained without using conventional reinforcing bars. The present invention is based on such findings.
The shape of the brick that can be used in the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1A is a plan view of a brick, FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1A, and FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB.
In FIG. 1, for example, in the case of a brick shape in which t ₁ is 193 mm, t ₂ is 90 mm, and t ₃ is 63 mm, this brick 1 is provided with 10 through-holes 3 in the brick body 2. The diameter of the through hole 3 is 19.3 mm.
Examples of the brick shape that can be preferably used in the present invention include the brick structure.

In the plan view of the brick body 2, the through holes 3 are arranged in one row at equal intervals in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the plan view, and this row is provided in two rows in the short direction. 10 holes are formed. The diameter of each hole is the same, and the distance between holes adjacent to each other in the vertical direction is also substantially the same. Moreover, 10 holes are arrange | positioned in the center of a brick top view. The through hole 3 penetrates perpendicularly to the thickness direction of the brick.
When a plurality of bricks are stacked, the bricks having the same shape are used, so that the opening surfaces of the through holes 3 of the bricks stacked up and down face each other. Mortar, which will be described later, penetrates into the inside through the opposed opening surfaces to integrate the bricks together.
The arrangement of the through-holes 3 is preferably parallel to two rows, and the number thereof is 6 to 12 holes, preferably 8 to 12 holes, more preferably 8 to 10 holes, and most preferably 10 holes in parallel to the two rows. If it is less than 6 holes, the mechanical strength when bricks are stacked with mortar cannot be maintained, and if it exceeds 12 holes, the mechanical strength of the brick body 2 itself is inferior.

The brick that can be used in the present invention is a brick baked using Canadian Thermus Mountain clay.
Thermus Mountain is a mountain in British Columbia, Canada. Clay produced from Thermus Mountain (Thermus clay) is formed into a brick shape by a vacuum extruder and dried before putting in the kiln. The dried bricks before firing are stacked in a beehive kiln and fired. The firing condition is that the temperature is raised to 1050 to 1100 ° C. over 5 days, and the firing is further performed at this temperature for at least 1 day.
The Clay bricks from Thermus Mountain fired using the above-mentioned beehive kiln are baked and hardened bricks that do not break the bricks themselves even when dropped onto a concrete surface from a height of about 2 m.
As a commercial item of the above brick, there is a 10-hole brick manufactured by Canada Circus Ray Products.

The mortar that can be used in the present invention is a cement for mortar conforming to Canadian Standard A3002 Type S.
As a commercial product of the Canadian standard A3002 type S mortar cement, there is a specialty cement type S manufactured by Canada LEHIGH Cement.

The joining metal fitting used for the brick masonry structure of this invention is demonstrated with FIG. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the joint fitting when used for brickwork.
The joint fitting 4 is a round bar made of metal such as stainless steel, one end 4a is threaded, and the other end 4b remains a round bar. The joint fitting 4 has mechanical strength to support the brick masonry structure, and the diameter of the round bar is preferably 2 to 6 mm, more preferably 3 to 5 mm, depending on the number used. Is about 4 mm. If the diameter is less than 2 mm, the number of used wires increases, and it becomes difficult to support the brick masonry structure. On the other hand, if it exceeds 6 mm, it will be difficult to bend at the 4c portion during operation.
When the diameter is about 4 mm, the length of the threaded portion of the end 4a is preferably about 40 mm, and the length of the other end 4b to be bent is preferably about 75 mm.
The fitting 4 has a threaded end 4a fixed to a building column or beam by screwing, and the other end 4b bent at a right angle to the end 4a is connected to brick and brick. The brick masonry structure can be supported by embedding in the mortar.

A reinforcing metal fitting used in the brick masonry structure of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a plan view of a reinforcing metal fitting used for brick masonry.
The reinforcing metal fitting 5 is a galvanized metal round bar having a diameter of about 3.5 mm, has a width t ₄ shorter than the length t ₂ of the brick 1, and the length t ₅ is a wall during construction. It is a ladder shape that can be cut and used according to the size. As bricks 1, the use of the bricks, the length of the preferred width t ₄ is approximately 50 mm.

A brick building structure using the bricks, mortar, joint metal fittings and reinforcing metal fittings described above and the construction procedure thereof will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 4 is a front view of an assembled brick masonry structure, and FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the structure.
As shown in FIG. 4, the brick masonry structure 7 has a reinforcing metal fitting 5 disposed in a mortar 6 a filled in a horizontal joint, and is fixed to a pillar or beam of a building by a joining metal fitting 4. Moreover, the brick 1 is piled up by the mortar 6a with which a horizontal joint is filled, and the mortar 6b with which a vertical joint is filled, and the brick assembly structure 7 is obtained.

It is preferable to provide a ventilation valve in the first stage of the brick instead of the joint. The reinforcing metal fittings 5 are preferably arranged in a plurality of stages, and when the width of the brick masonry structure 7 becomes long, it is preferable to arrange the seams of the reinforcing metal fittings 5 in an overlapping manner. After enforcement, the reinforcing metal fitting 5 is embedded in the mortar 6a filled in the horizontal joint.
The other end of the joining metal fitting 4 is embedded in a mortar 6a filled in a horizontal joint where the reinforcing metal fitting 5 is not embedded, and the end of the screw portion of the joining metal fitting 4 is Fixed to building columns and beams. Specifically, the end of the threaded portion of the joint fitting 4 is screwed into a predetermined interval between columns and beams. Thereafter, the other end of the joint fitting 4 is bent at a right angle at an acute angle so as to be in the middle of the width of the brick. The other end bent at a right angle is embedded in the mortar 6a filled in the horizontal joint, thereby completing the fixing with the building.
In the brick masonry structure 7 of the present invention, the brick masonry structure 7 serving as a brick wall is supported by the joint fitting 4. In order to support the upper part of the brick masonry structure 7, it is preferable to fix the joining metal fitting 4 in the second mortar 6a from the top of the brick constituting the wall.

In the brick building structure 7 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, a part 6 c of the mortar 6 a filled in the horizontal joint is also filled in the through hole 3 of the brick body 2. The thickness t ₆ and t ₇ the joint portion, respectively, 8～16Mm, preferably 10～14Mm, more preferably 12 mm. If it is less than 8 mm, it is difficult to integrate the brick wall, and if it exceeds 16 mm, the mechanical strength of the brick wall cannot be obtained.
The brick 1 is fixed vertically and horizontally with the mortar 6 including the mortar 6a and the mortar 6b. For this reason, the brick masonry structure excellent in earthquake resistance is obtained, without using a reinforcing bar etc. Moreover, since the sealed space part formed with the through-hole 3 in the brick 1 is obtained, it becomes a brick building structure excellent also in heat insulation.

The materials used for the brick masonry structure are shown below.
(1) Cement for mortar Canada, LEHIGH Cement, Specialty Cement Type S
(2) Brick 10-hole brick (19 3mm x 90mm x 63mm), Sir Muslay Products, Canada
(3) Waterproof sheet Blue skin sheet, asphalt base (4) Joint metal fittings Stainless steel round bar, diameter 4 mm, length 20 cm, single-ended wood thread cutting (5) Reinforcing metal fittings For overall wall reinforcement, width 50 mm, length 3 m
(6) Brick vent valve Air vent for 2.5 inches

The construction procedure using the above materials is shown below.
(1) A waterproof sheet is attached on the brick foundation, and the distance from the attachment wall to which the brick wall is attached is 4 cm.
(2) Lay bricks on the floor mortar according to the allocation.
(3) The mortar is kneaded and mixed at a ratio (volume ratio) of cement 1 and kiso sand of 2.5 to 3, and then kneaded for 3 minutes.
(4) A ventilation valve is attached on the first stage brick instead of the joint every 40 cm. Remove the mortar clogged with the mounting wall when installing the vent valve. Also, be careful not to let the mortar fall between the mounting walls when stacking bricks.
(5) Place reinforcing metal fittings on every fourth level of brick. When the length of the brick wall is 3 m or more, the seam of the reinforcing bracket is overlapped by 15 cm. This process is repeated every 30 cm.
(6) Attach the joint bracket so that it is directly above the reinforcement bracket. Specifically, a stainless steel round bar (diameter 4 mm, length 20 cm) of about 45 mm is attached to the mounting wall at intervals of 455 mm. Attach to windows, doors, opening angle, etc. After installation, bend the other end at a right angle with a sharp angle so that it is in the middle of the width of the brick. This process is repeated every 30 cm as in the case of the reinforcing bracket. In addition, the position of the last joining metal fitting is attached 15 cm (2 steps of bricks) below the wall height.
(7) Brick is assembled before the mortar is hardened. If the mortar becomes hard, re-lay the mortar. The joint thickness is 12 mm.

A brick masonry structure 7 obtained by the above construction procedure was used as a test specimen. Details of the test specimen for evaluation test are shown in FIGS. 6 is a detailed view of the frame material of the test body, FIG. 7 is a detailed view of the outer wall base plywood of the test body, and FIG. 8 is a detailed view of the brick building structure (brick wall) as the test body. As shown in FIG. 8, the brick assembling structure 7 as a test body is supported on the outer wall base plywood 8 only by the joint fitting 4. Specific numerical values are shown below.
(1) Specimen dimensions (brick wall) Width 1820mm x Height 2460mm
(2) Face material (outer wall base) Structural plywood, the degree of adhesion is special, the degree of strength is grade 2, the single board has 3 layers, the quality of the board surface is CD, the thickness is 9 mm, The dimensions are width 909 mm x height 2430 mm, and the tension is 2 sheets. This face material is the mounting wall described above.
(3) Joining of face materials CNZ50 (Nailer nail) is used, and the interval is every 100 mm at the outer circumference and every 200 mm at the middle street, the edge distance is 10 mm for the vertical frame, 27 mm for the upper frame thickness, The frame is 19 mm.
(4) Brick wall The brick building structure described above.
(5) Frame materials The cross-sectional dimensions of the vertical frame, upper frame, lower frame, and head joint are dimension type 204, the tree species is tree group SII, the tree species group is SPF, and the quality is class 2 frame material. It is a desiccant.
(6) Tightening of frame materials Conform to the provisions of No. 5-15 of the 2001 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Notification No. 1540.
(7) Force wood The lower side used 89 mm square of Batesuga lumber, and the upper side used Scots pine laminated lumber 89 mm wide x 140 mm high.

The test method is shown below.
The test was conducted in accordance with a no-loading type in-plane shear test defined in the “Framework wall construction bearing wall and its magnification performance evaluation work method” of the Japan Housing and Wood Technology Center.
(1) The test shall be a no-load type in-plane shear test. FIG. 9 shows an outline of the test method.
(2) The repetition step is apparent shear deformation angle control, 1/450, 1/300, 1/200, 1/150, 1/120, 1/100, 1/75, 1/60, 1/50. 1/40 rad positive and negative alternating, and after repeated application, force is applied up to 1/30 rad.
(3) The repeated force is repeated three times in the same step.
(4) The following equipment was used for measurement.
Force Hybrid actuator Load cell Capacity 500kN, Output 4000 × 10 ⁻⁶ Strain Displacement meter Capacity 300 mm, Output 33 × 10 ⁻⁶ / mm, Capacity 100 mm, Output 30 × 10 ⁻⁶ / mm

The test results are shown below.
(1) The apparent shear deformation angle (γ), the leg shear deformation angle (θ), and the true shear deformation angle (γo) are calculated using the following equations. All deformations are of plywood walls.
γ = (H1−H2) / H
θ = (V3-V4) / V
γo = γ−θ
here,
γ: Apparent shear deformation angle (rad)
H1: Horizontal displacement of the top of the specimen (mm)
H2: Horizontal displacement of test specimen leg (mm)
H: Distance between gauge points of H1 and H2 (mm)
θ: Leg shear deformation angle (rad)
V3: Vertical displacement (mm) of the leg part on the test specimen force side
V4: Vertical displacement (mm) of the leg part on the side opposite to the test specimen
V: Distance between V3 and V4 (mm)
γo: True shear deformation angle (rad)

(2) As a result of the test, the maximum load (kN / 1.82 m) was 30.38, and the left deformation angle (rad) was 1/30. The applied force stopped at 1/30 rad and no load reduction was observed, so the load at 1/30 rad was taken as the maximum load.
(3) A load-shear deformation angle curve is shown in FIG. FIG. 10A is a load-apparent shear deformation angle curve, and FIG. 10B is a load-shear deformation angle curve.
(4) Destruction status of the test specimen (brick wall) The status of deformation and destruction of the test specimen (brick wall) observed visually is as follows.
(4a) At 1/30 rad, the brick wall has not been confirmed to be broken or cracked.
(4b) As the horizontal deformation increased, the brick wall rotated due to the deformation of the joint fitting.
(4c) At 1/30 rad, the plywood was rotated along with the shear deformation of the nail joint.

Next, trial calculation of short-term standard shear strength and magnification was performed.
(1) Trial Calculation of Short-Term Standard Shear Strength (1a) The envelope was prepared from the load on the positive side force-apparent shear deformation angle curve. The envelope is shown in FIG.
(1b) A characteristic value such as yield strength is calculated from the envelope 9 shown in FIG. The calculated results are shown in Table 1. In addition, since the applied force stopped at 1/30 rad before the load decrease was recognized, the ultimate deformation angle was set to 1/30 rad.
(A) A straight line connecting 0.1 PmaX and 0.4 PmaX on the envelope 9 is defined as an I-th straight line.
(B) A straight line connecting 0.4 PmaX and 0.9 PmaX on the envelope 9 is a second straight line.
(C) The second straight line is translated until it comes into contact with the envelope 9, and this is defined as the third straight line.
(D) The load at the intersection of the I-th straight line and the III-th straight line is the yield strength (Py), and the straight line parallel to the X-axis from this point is the IVth straight line.
(E) The displacement at the intersection of the IV line and the envelope 9 is defined as the yield displacement (δy).
(F) A straight line connecting the origin and (δy, Py) is defined as a Vth straight line, which is defined as initial stiffness (K).
(G) The displacement on the envelope 9 when the applied force is stopped is defined as the ultimate displacement (δu).
(H) Let S be the area enclosed by the envelope line 9, the X axis and δu.
(I) A straight line parallel to the X axis such that the area of the trapezoid surrounded by the Vth straight line, the X axis, δu, and the straight line parallel to the X axis is equal to S is defined as the VI straight line.
(J) Let the intersection of the Vth straight line and the VIth straight line be the ultimate yield strength (Pu) of the complete elastoplastic model, and let the displacement at that time be the yield point displacement (δv) of the complete elastoplastic model.
(K) The plasticity rate (toughness rate) μ = (δu / δv).

(1c) The short-term reference shear strength is the yield strength Py, the ultimate strength Pu · (0.2 / Ds), the maximum strength Pmax · 2/3, or the yield strength P ₁₂₀ when the apparent shear deformation angle is 1/120 rad. The shortest reference shear strength is taken as the smallest value of the test load. Note that the coefficient of variation is not multiplied.
As a result of the trial calculation, the short-term reference shear strength (Po) was 12.97 kN.

(2) Trial calculation of magnification The magnification is calculated by the following formula.
Magnification = Po x (1 / 1.96) x (1 / L)
Here, Po is the short-term reference shear strength (Po) (kN) calculated above, 1.96 is a reference value (kN / m) at a magnification of 1, and L is a wall length (m). . As a result of the calculation, the magnification was 3.6. In addition, the variation and the reduction factor are not multiplied.

  The brick masonry structure of the present invention uses a reinforcing bracket to make the brick a brick wall that is an integral structure with mortar, and even if the brick is fixed and supported on a pillar or beam of a building or the like with only the joining bracket, There were no cracks or delamination on the wall, the short-term reference shear strength (Po) was 12.97 kN, and the magnification was 3.6. It can be said that an excellent bearing wall that can be expected to have sufficient seismic performance in the event of a large earthquake with simple construction was realized.

  The brick masonry structure of the present invention can be widely used for a wall of a building such as a house because a brick masonry structure having excellent earthquake resistance can be obtained without using reinforcement such as reinforcing bars.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Brick 2 Brick main body 3 Through-hole 4 Joint metal fitting 5 Reinforcement metal fitting 6 Mortar 7 Brick laminated structure 8 Outer wall base plywood 9 Envelope

Claims (4)

A brick building structure in which bricks having through holes are stacked using mortar on the joints with the through holes facing each other,
The brick masonry structure has a horizontal joint portion where the through-holes face each other and a vertical joint portion parallel to the through-holes fixed with mortar to form an integral brick wall,
The brick is a brick fired using clay from Canada Thermus Mountain,
The mortar Ri mortar for cement der conforms to the Canadian Standards A3002 type S,
Ladder-type reinforcing metal fittings are arranged in the horizontal joints, and an L-shaped screw joining metal fitting having an L-shaped one end is used. The screw part is connected to the building body, and the other end is connected to the mortar. each by fixing, brick sets stacked structure entire brick sets stacked structure is characterized Rukoto such is supported on the building body by the connecting bracket on.   The brick building structure according to claim 1, wherein the brick is a brick formed by firing clay molded into a brick shape at a maximum temperature of 1100 ° C for at least 6 days using a beehive kiln.   The brick building structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein 10 through holes are provided in the same plane with respect to one brick. The mortar is a mortar in which 2.5 to 3 parts by volume of sand is mixed with 1 part by volume of the cement for mortar, kneaded by adding water to the cement and sand, and then kneaded for at least 3 minutes. The brick building structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3 .

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