JP5229546B2 - Handrail material slip evaluation method and testing equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for evaluating the slipperiness between a handrail material and a bare hand and a test apparatus therefor.

  There have been many accidents in which a person slips and falls when walking in the bathroom, in the rainy weather, or at the entrance or staircase, and the number of accidents has been increasing in recent years as an aging society has been reached. As a measure to prevent and control such slipping and falling accidents, the anti-slip performance (non-slip property) of the flooring itself is improved, and handrails are placed at desired locations and locations, for example, stairs and entrances inside and outside the bathroom. It is considered to more effectively suppress slipping and falling by providing and gripping it by hand.

  However, although these handrails are regarded as a means for preventing slipping and falling, as the dependence on human movement increases, the risk of falling with handrails that are easy to slip on the hand of the person holding the hand is also increased. It will rise. However, in the present situation, it is not always sufficient to consider such a slip risk. Actually, there are few products with excellent performance in the current handrail material, and it cannot be said that the design, construction and operation methods have been established.

  In order to cope with such a situation, it is first necessary to establish an evaluation method for handrail sliding, but the evaluation method has not been standardized not only in Japan but also worldwide. In addition, there is a situation in which scientific and technical considerations on the most practically reasonable and valid evaluation methods have not been deepened.

  In view of the background as described above, the present invention provides a new slip evaluation method that enables the evaluation of a slip phenomenon between a handrail material when a person grips a handrail with respect to a slip in a human motion, and a method for using this method. The problem is to provide a slip tester that can be used. It aims to reproduce the phenomenon during actual sliding, to accurately evaluate the sliding property of the handrail material, and to contribute to the development of an effective handrail material as a countermeasure against slipping and falling.

The handrail slip evaluation method and test apparatus according to the present invention solve the above-mentioned problems by paying attention not only to the static friction coefficient but also to the dynamic friction coefficient that is important in the evaluation of the phenomenon during actual slip. The configuration is characterized by the following.
<1> A method for evaluating the sliding resistance of the test piece against the handrail surface by adding a gripping force and a vertical or horizontal force, and the gripping force after contact with the surface of the handrail material of the test piece and installation Set the speed and acceleration of the vertical or horizontal movement of the handrail material relative to the later test piece, and ground the test piece surface in parallel with the surface of the handrail material until just before the test, The gripping force and vertical force or horizontal force that the handrail material receives from the test piece are measured, and the risk of slippage of the handrail material is determined from the transition of the friction coefficient obtained by dividing the vertical force or horizontal force by the gripping force.

In addition, the "test piece" here means that it is an alternative to the palm of a person whose slip between the handrail material will be evaluated.
<2> The gripping force is 0 to 4 MPa (megapascal), the vertical or horizontal speed and the range of pushing or pulling force related to acceleration are 10 to 2000 N (Newton), and the load speed is 0.1 to The range is 20 N / ms (Newton / Milliseconds).
<3> Either dry the surface of the handrail material or apply liquid inclusions that cause slippage in advance.
<4> A test device for evaluating handrail slipping, in which the test piece slides on the surface of the handrail material with the gripping force and the vertical force or horizontal movement associated with the movement of the handrail material relative to the test piece. It is a test device for calculating the coefficient of friction with the addition of force and evaluating the risk, and at the start of the test, the gripping force can be applied by grounding the test piece surface parallel to the handrail surface A gripping force adding means, means for applying a vertical force or horizontal force to the test piece, and means for measuring the added gripping force and vertical force or horizontal force are provided.
<5> The test apparatus includes a vertical force or horizontal force received by the sliding material from the test piece and a gripping force measuring means, and after the grounding of the test piece with respect to the handrail material surface by the vertical driving means or the horizontal driving means. The load speed and acceleration applied to the handrail material are measured, the vertical force or horizontal force and gripping force that the handrail material receives from the test piece are measured by the measuring means, and the friction coefficient of the vertical force or horizontal force divided by the gripping force is measured. It is possible to determine the risk of slipping of the handrail material from the transition.
<6> In the above test apparatus, the gripping means is pneumatic, hydraulic or hydraulic.
<7> The loading range of the gripping force is 0 to 4 MPa (megapascal).
<8> Vertical driving means or horizontal driving means by pushing or pulling is based on program control using a weight, air pressure, hydraulic pressure, servo motor or linear actuator.
<9> The vertical force or horizontal force is in the range of 10 to 2000 N (Newton).
<10> In the vertical drive means or horizontal drive means, the vertical drive means or horizontal drive according to the frictional force (vertical resistance force or horizontal resistance force) by connecting the load cell to the intermediate part of the connection with the test piece arrangement portion The action of the means can be controlled.
<11> The expansion force and the gripping force are measured by measuring the gripping force due to the expansion pressure of the gripping means by air pressure, water pressure or hydraulic pressure through the load cell at the split part at both ends of the cylindrical body divided into two with a semicircular cross section. And a calibration device for calibration.

  In the present invention, as described above, a test piece as a substitute for a human palm with respect to the handrail material surface is a method for evaluating slippage with the addition of a gripping force and a vertical force or a horizontal force, and the test is started. The test piece is lifted from the surface of the test piece until just before it, the gripping force after contact with the ground and the horizontal speed and acceleration are set on the handrail surface of the test piece, and the test piece is grounded in parallel with the surface of the handrail material. A slip evaluation method that measures the gripping force and horizontal force that a material receives from a test piece, and determines the risk of slippage of the handrail material from the transition of the friction coefficient obtained by dividing the horizontal force by the gripping force, and makes it possible to implement it A device for this is proposed.

  According to the present invention as described above, evaluation can be performed by measuring the static friction coefficient and the dynamic friction coefficient in an actual handrail gripping operation of a person.

  Further, according to the apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to make great progress in the development of handrail materials themselves that can prevent or suppress slipping, and the establishment of evaluation criteria and methods.

An embodiment of the present invention having the above features will be described. Here, the terms relating to the present invention and their definitions will be briefly described as follows.
1) Grasping force Force of handrail material surface received from test piece, force perpendicular to handrail material surface (90 degrees) 2) Vertical force or horizontal force Horizontal direction of handrail material surface received by handrail material surface from test piece ( 0 degree) force 3) friction coefficient Value obtained by dividing vertical force or horizontal force by gripping force 4) Test piece An alternative to bare hands used for evaluation tests.
5) Vertical load speed or horizontal load speed Vertical force or horizontal force per unit time applied to the handrail material surface The handrail slip evaluation method of the present invention is as follows.
<A> The test piece is brought into a standby state where it floats from the handrail surface.
<B> The loading range of the gripping force on the handrail material surface of the test piece and the speed and acceleration in the vertical direction or horizontal direction of the handrail material with respect to the test piece are set in advance. For example, the gripping force can be obtained by expansion by air pressure, hydraulic pressure or hydraulic pressure. Ground the test piece in a state parallel to the handrail surface.
<C> The risk of slipping of the handrail material is determined from the transition of the friction coefficient obtained by dividing the vertical force or the horizontal force by the gripping force.

  In addition, liquid inclusions such as water or soapy water that cause slipping may be applied. The handrail material can be evaluated when these inclusions are present.

Therefore, a more specific example will be described below.
<Slip evaluation>
The operation of the handrail material and the test piece can be summarized in FIG. 1 and Table 1.

  As shown in FIG. 1, “vertical force or horizontal force” or “vertical direction or horizontal direction” as defined in the present invention corresponds to the direction of motion, If the direction in which the handrail material is moved is “vertical”, it means “vertical”, and if the direction in which the handrail material is moved is horizontal, it means “horizontal”. On the other hand, the “gripping force” is a force in the loading direction that the test piece applies to the handrail material, and means a force that is applied perpendicularly to the surface of the handrail material.

  The numerical values in Table 1 are examples. “Speed” in Table 1 illustrates the operating speed of the handrail material.

  Note that the conditions specifically exemplified in Table 1, that is, the conditions related to vertical force or horizontal force, operation speed / acceleration, and load speed, are actually gripped with a slippery handrail material for 15 subjects over 65 years old. The value derived from the continuous measurement data from the time when the handrail material was gripped to the moment of sliding was used.

  Moreover, about the test piece as a substitute of a palm, the material, shape, and size can be selected by a preliminary examination in the foreground, and various past test examples can be referred to. From an experimental study by the present inventor, for example, silicon rubber can be selected as a material. As a specific example, a sliding test piece (silicon rubber having a hardness of 50) having the shape shown in FIG. 2 can be shown (the unit of the numerical value is mm). Such a test piece can be attached to, for example, a slip test apparatus having an outline as shown in FIGS. Here, FIG. 4 shows the part of the handrail gripping force adding jig in FIG. 3 from the side.

  For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, the test apparatus of the present invention includes a jig as means for applying a gripping force to the handrail. In this gripping means, for example, a hollow test piece is brought into contact with and pressed against the handrail material by air pressure, water pressure, or oil pressure (A in FIG. 4), and the pressure can be released and separated. In accordance with the outer shape of the cross section of the handrail, for example, the pressing force applied by the gripping means is made to correspond to the shape of the test piece according to the outer shape such as a circle or a square.

  In the apparatus example of FIGS. 3 and 4, the handrail material can be operated in the horizontal direction by using an air cylinder, and the “horizontal force” can be measured by the load cell. In the test, for example, the gripping force is preferably set to 0 to 4 MPa, the vertical or horizontal force (as pushing or pulling) is set to 10 to 2000 N (Newton), and the vertical or horizontal load speed is set to 0.5. It is generally considered to be in the range of 1-20 N / ms (Newton / Milliseconds). Also, in the test, it is considered that the handrail material surface is assumed to be in a dry state or a case where a water droplet, a water film or the like is attached. In the latter case, liquid inclusions such as water and soapy water can be applied to the surface of the handrail material.

  With such a test device, with the addition of gripping force and vertical force or horizontal force, the transition of the friction coefficient obtained by dividing the vertical force or horizontal force by the gripping force, that is, the transition of the static friction coefficient immediately after contact and the dynamic friction coefficient over time This makes it possible to determine the slip risk degree of the handrail material along the actual slip phenomenon.

  For example, it is generally possible to determine that the risk of slipping is slippery when the coefficient of dynamic friction is less than 0.1, and that the risk of falling is large when gripping such slippery handrails. From such a result, development, manufacture, and social spread of what is desirable as a handrail material will progress.

  For example, by using the apparatus shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the test piece shown in FIG. 2 faithfully reproduces the operation under the conditions shown in FIG. 1 and Table 1, and substitute soap (25 wt% from the start to the end of the operation). When the continuous vertical force or horizontal force and gripping force received from the test piece by the handrail material coated with the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is measured, the results shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 are obtained. FIG. 5 illustrates the transition of the friction coefficient in the case of the anti-slip handrail material having a weak rough surface on the surface, and FIG. 6 illustrates the transition of the friction coefficient in the case of the normal handrail material having a smooth surface. In either case, the gripping force is 170 N (Newton) and the moving speed is 50 mm / s.

  The static friction coefficient accompanying the ground contact (a) exceeds 0.5 in FIG. 5, and the subsequent dynamic friction coefficient is at a level of approximately 0.5. On the other hand, in FIG. 6, all are less than 0.1 and it turns out that it is slippery.

  When evaluating the handrail material with an apparatus that loads the gripping force with air pressure, water pressure or hydraulic expansion pressure, the handrail gripping force adding jig should first be calibrated with the apparatus outlined in FIG. it can. For example, the force applied to the cylindrical body (B) whose sectional shape is divided into two by a semicircle is measured by a load cell provided at both ends thereof, and this value and a gripping force application jig (C ) To determine the correlation with pressure. For example, the relationship between the gripping force and the air pressure in the case of air pressure can be illustrated in Table 2.

It is a schematic diagram of a handrail slip test. It is the front and side view which illustrated the handrail slip test piece. It is the outline | summary front view which illustrated the slip test apparatus. It is a general | schematic side view of the handrail gripping force addition jig | tool part of FIG. It is the figure which showed the example of a measurement. It is the figure which showed the example of a measurement. It is the schematic which illustrated the calibration apparatus of the grip force.

Claims (11)

  This is a method for evaluating the sliding resistance of the test piece against the handrail surface by adding gripping force and vertical or horizontal force, and the gripping force after contact with the handrail material surface of the test piece and the test after installation. Set the speed and acceleration of the vertical or horizontal movement of the handrail relative to the strip, and ground the test strip from the state of floating on the handrail surface until just before the test. Measuring the gripping force, vertical force, or horizontal force received from the test piece, and evaluating the risk of slipping of the handrail material from the transition of the friction coefficient obtained by dividing the vertical force or horizontal force by the gripping force Method.   The gripping force is 0 to 4 MPa (megapascal), the vertical or horizontal speed and the range of pushing or pulling force relating to acceleration are 10 to 2000 N (Newton), and the load speed is 0.1 to 20 N / ms (Newton) 2. The slip evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the slip evaluation method is in a range of / milliseconds.   The slip evaluation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the handrail material surface is dried, or liquid inclusions that cause slippage are applied to the handrail material surface in advance.   To evaluate the risk by calculating the coefficient of friction with the gripping force and the vertical or horizontal force that accompanies the relative movement of the handrail material relative to the test piece. It is a test device, and at the start of the test, a gripping force adding means capable of applying a gripping force by grounding the test piece surface in parallel with the handrail surface, and a vertical force or a horizontal force on the test piece. And a means for adding a gripping force and a means for measuring a vertical force or a horizontal force.   A vertical force or horizontal force that the handrail material receives from the test piece, and a gripping force measuring means, and a load speed applied to the handrail material after contact with the surface of the handrail material of the test piece by the vertical drive means or the horizontal drive means, and Set the acceleration, measure the vertical force or horizontal force and gripping force that the handrail material receives from the test piece by the measuring means, and determine the risk of slipping of the handrail material from the transition of the friction coefficient obtained by dividing the vertical force or horizontal force by the gripping force The slip test apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the degree can be determined.   6. The handrail slip test apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the gripping means is loaded with an expansion pressure by air pressure, water pressure or hydraulic pressure.   The handrail slip test device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein a loading range of the gripping force is 0 to 4 MPa (megapascal).   8. The vertical driving means or horizontal driving means by pushing or pulling is based on program control using a weight, air pressure, hydraulic pressure, servo motor or linear actuator, according to any one of claims 5 to 7. Handrail slip test device.   9. The vertical force or horizontal force is in the range of 1 to 2000 N (Newton), and the load speed is in the range of 0.1 to 20 N / ms (Newton / Milliseconds). Handrail slip test device.   In the vertical drive or horizontal drive means, the action by the vertical drive means or the horizontal drive means is performed according to the frictional force (vertical resistance force or horizontal resistance force) through the load cell at the intermediate portion connected to the test piece arrangement portion. The handrail slip test apparatus according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein control is possible.   Calibration of the expansion pressure and the gripping force by measuring the gripping force due to the expansion pressure of the gripping means by air pressure, water pressure or hydraulic pressure through the load cell at the split part at both ends of the cylindrical body divided into two with a semicircular sectional shape The handrail slip test apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising a calibration apparatus that performs the following.

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