JP5267902B2 - Polyhedral crystal structure model - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a polyhedral crystal structure model, which is easy to assemble and allows intuitive understanding of the shape and geometric layout of a coordination polyhedron and a polyhedron cavity. <P>SOLUTION: The crystal structure model of zincblende structure, antifluorite structure or the like is assembled by packing, into a cubic-shaped transparent casing, a coordination polyhedron part 5 showing a coordination polyhedron of regular terahedral shape with each central position of four negative ions disposed to have a closest packing structure as an apex, a cavity polyhedron part 6 showing a cavity of regular tetrahedral shape with each central position of four negative ions as an apex, a cavity polyhedron part 8 showing a cavity of regular octahedral shape with each central position of six negative ions as an apex, and the like. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&amp;INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a polyhedral crystal structure model used for intuitively understanding a crystal structure.

  Conventional crystal structure models include an atomic position model and a polyhedral model. The atomic position model is a so-called molecular structure model. By connecting a part representing an atom or an ion and a part representing an interatomic bond or an interionic bond, the position of the atom or ion in the crystal and the distance between the bonding arms. And can accurately represent directions.

  For example, in the atomic position model 19 indicating the zincblende structure, as shown in FIG. 26, a spherical component 19a representing an anion and a spherical component 19b representing a cation are connected by a rod-shaped connecting component 19c. Thus, a unit cell (unit cell) is assembled. Further, in the atomic position model 20 showing the inverted fluorite structure, as shown in FIG. 27, a spherical component 20a representing an anion and a spherical component 20b representing a cation are connected by a rod-shaped connecting component 20c. The unit cell is assembled. However, although the atomic position model is suitable for accurate representation of the atomic position and the distance and direction of the bonding arm, it is extremely difficult to intuitively understand the shape of the coordination polyhedron and its geometrical arrangement. is there.

  On the other hand, a crystal structure is regarded as a collection of coordination polyhedrons having an anion, cation, atom or molecule as a vertex coordinated with a cation, anion, atom or molecule, and a component representing such a coordination polyhedron is represented. There are polyhedral models that assemble crystal structures by combining them. That is, the polyhedron model represents the crystal structure by the geometric arrangement of the coordination polyhedron. In the polyhedron model, it is easy to intuitively understand the shape of the coordination polyhedron, its geometrical arrangement, and the like. However, it is not easy to know the bond distance and bond angle between ions or atoms in the polyhedron. Further, in the polyhedron model, in order to assemble as a crystal structure model, it is generally necessary to join the polyhedrons at the ridgelines and / or vertices, and it is practically difficult to assemble the polyhedron model. For this reason, computer graphics is frequently used in the polyhedral model. However, as long as it is a virtual model on computer graphics, it is still not easy to intuitively understand the geometrical arrangement of the coordination polyhedron, etc., unlike the model having the embodied three-dimensional structure.

  In addition, as a kind of polyhedral model in which it is not easy to know the bond distance and bond angle between ions or atoms in a polyhedron, a regular octahedral skeleton structure is created by origami or the like, Or the model which joins at the vertex is known (for example, refer patent document 1). A kind of polyhedral crystal structure model having such a skeleton structure is suitable for understanding the symmetry of the crystal structure and the like systematically and systematically. However, as long as it is a model that joins at ridgelines and / or vertices, assembly as a model is still not easy.

JP-A-7-261657

  That is, in the conventional polyhedral model, joining at the ridgeline and / or the vertex is necessary for the assembly, and it is very difficult to assemble the parts representing the coordination polyhedron, and it takes a long time to assemble and reassemble the crystal structure model. Necessary. In addition, it has been more difficult to understand the shape, geometrical arrangement, etc. of a polyhedral void structure in which voids are formed between a plurality of coordination polyhedrons. Even when using computer graphics of a polyhedral model, it is different from the embodied 3D polyhedron model to intuitively understand the geometrical arrangement such as the coordination polyhedron in the actual crystal structure from the display of the two-dimensional screen. Still not easy.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a polyhedral crystal structure model that can be easily assembled and can intuitively understand the shape and geometric arrangement of the polyhedral voids in addition to the coordination polyhedron.

Means for Solving the Problems and Effects of the Invention

The polyhedral crystal structure model of the present invention has a polyhedral shape, all vertices are provided with a label representing a cation, an anion, an atom, or a molecule , and a cation, an anion, an atom, or a molecule is shown inside. A label is provided so as to be identifiable from the outside , a plurality of coordination polyhedron parts representing a coordination polyhedron, and a polyhedron shape, each of which has a label representing a cation, an anion, an atom or a molecule. And at least one void polyhedron part having no label indicating a cation, an anion, an atom or a molecule inside, and at least one coordination polyhedron part of the plurality of coordination polyhedron parts On the other hand, the air gap polyhedron component is arranged in a surface contact state .

According to this configuration, a polyhedral model type model of a crystal structure can be obtained by using a coordination polyhedron part representing a coordination polyhedron and a void polyhedron part representing a polyhedral void formed between a plurality of coordination polyhedrons, which is not originally visible. Can be easily assembled. This is because it is not necessary to join at the ridgeline and / or apex in the assembly of the coordinated polyhedron part, and it can be facilitated by surface joining via the void polyhedron part. In addition, by assembling a polyhedral crystal structure model using coordination polyhedron parts and void polyhedron parts, and by observing the polyhedron crystal structure model, the shape and geometric arrangement of the coordination polyhedron and polyhedron gap can be intuitively determined. I can understand. Furthermore, various polyhedral crystal structure models can be formed by combining several parts. For this reason, it is possible to model a plurality of crystal structures by one component kit in which several components are combined, and it is easy to rearrange between different crystal structures.
In addition, since the coordination polyhedron component is provided with a label representing a cation, anion, atom, or molecule from the outside so as to be identifiable from the outside, the cation, anion, atom, or molecule present in the coordination polyhedron Can be easily understood, and the coordination polyhedral part and the void polyhedral part can be easily distinguished, so that the crystal structure can be more easily understood.
In addition, coordination polyhedron parts and void polyhedron parts are arranged at each vertex of the coordination polyhedron and void polyhedron in the polyhedral crystal structure because labels representing cations, anions, atoms or molecules are provided at all vertices. The arrangement of the formed anion, cation or atom or molecule becomes easier to recognize. In addition, it is easy to understand the bond distance and bond angle between a cation, anion, or atom or molecule inherent in the coordination polyhedron, and the anion, cation, atom or molecule located at each vertex of the coordination polyhedron. it can.

  In the polyhedral crystal structure model of the present invention, the coordination polyhedral component and the void polyhedral component may each have a regular tetrahedral and / or regular octahedral shape.

  According to this configuration, the coordination polyhedron part and the void polyhedron part having a regular tetrahedron shape and a regular octahedron shape can appropriately represent the coordination polyhedron in many polyhedral crystal structures and the surrounding polyhedron voids. Note that each of the coordination polyhedron part and the void polyhedron part is not necessarily a regular polyhedron, but is used as a common part when a plurality of crystal structure models are assumed to be assembled or when the parts are made into a kit. Therefore, a regular polyhedron is desirable.

  In the polyhedral crystal structure model of the present invention, the void polyhedral component may be formed of a transparent member.

  According to this configuration, in addition to the shape and geometrical arrangement of the gap polyhedron, the coordination polyhedron part placed behind the transparent gap polyhedron part can be seen, so the position of the coordination polyhedron and the polyhedron gap It becomes easy to understand the relationship etc. intuitively.

  In the polyhedral crystal structure model of the present invention, the coordination polyhedral component may be formed of a transparent member.

  According to this configuration, since the void polyhedron part arranged behind the transparent coordination polyhedron part can be seen, it becomes easier to intuitively understand the positional relationship between the coordination polyhedron and the polyhedron gap.

  In the polyhedral crystal structure model of the present invention, the coordination polyhedral component and the void polyhedral component may have different colors or different patterns.

  According to this configuration, the coordinate polyhedron part and the void polyhedron part can be easily distinguished, so that the crystal structure is more easily understood.

  In the polyhedral crystal structure model of the present invention, the void polyhedral component may include different colors or patterns different from each other.

  According to this configuration, gap polyhedron parts having different shapes and arrangements can be distinguished from each other by color or pattern. For example, gap polyhedron parts having different shapes or gap polyhedron parts having different spatial arrangements can be easily distinguished. Can do. Therefore, it becomes easier to understand the crystal structure.

  In the polyhedral crystal structure model of the present invention, the coordination polyhedral component may include a different color or a different pattern.

  According to this configuration, the coordination polyhedron parts can be distinguished from each other by color or pattern. For example, the coordinating polyhedron parts having different ions, atoms or molecules from each other, the coordination polyhedron parts having different shapes, or the mutual Coordination polyhedron parts having different spatial arrangements can be easily distinguished. Therefore, it becomes easier to understand the crystal structure.

In the polyhedral crystal structure model of the present invention, the plurality of coordination polyhedron parts and the at least one void polyhedron part can be loaded therein and provided with a housing formed of a transparent member. Good.

  According to this configuration, a stable polyhedral crystal structure model can be assembled by loading them in a transparent housing without connecting or bonding the coordination polyhedral component and the void polyhedral component, It can be observed in the loaded state. That is, as a partial model of the crystal structure, a polyhedral crystal structure model can be easily assembled in the housing.

  In the polyhedral crystal structure model of the present invention, the casing may have a cubic shape or a regular hexagonal prism shape.

  According to this configuration, a partial model of a crystal structure based on a cubic close-packed structure or a hexagonal close-packed structure can be easily assembled. For example, by using a cubic housing, a unit cell model based on a cubic close-packed structure can be easily assembled.

  The polyhedral crystal structure model of the present invention may include a component obtained by dividing the coordination polyhedral component or the void polyhedral component.

  According to this configuration, even when a gap is formed between the inner wall of the housing and the loaded coordination polyhedron part and the gap polyhedron part, by using a divided part that fills all or part of the gap, The polyhedral crystal structure model can be easily assembled, and a more stable polyhedral crystal structure model can be assembled.

  In the polyhedral crystal structure model of the present invention, the coordination polyhedral component and the void polyhedral component may have a coupling mechanism for coupling in a state of surface contact with each other.

  According to this configuration, a stable polyhedral crystal structure model can be easily assembled by connecting the coordination polyhedral component and the void polyhedral component without using the above-described casing. Further, unlike bonding by bonding, as a crystal structure model, recombination between different crystal structure models is easy.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  First, prior to specific examples, an example of an ionic crystal structure assembled by a crystal structure model according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. In general, when the concept of close-packing is used, the structures of many ionic crystals that are the object of a polyhedral crystal structure model can be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining a close-packed structure in a three-dimensional space. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a regular tetrahedral gap and a regular octahedral gap in a cubic close-packed structure. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a regular tetrahedral gap and a regular octahedral gap in a hexagonal close-packed structure.

  The close-packed structure in the three-dimensional space includes a cubic close-packed structure shown in FIG. 1A and a hexagonal close-packed structure shown in FIG. Each of the cubic close-packed structure and the hexagonal close-packed structure is configured by closely stacking close-packed layers in a two-dimensional plane. In FIG. 1, each ion is illustrated as a sphere. In the cubic close-packed structure, the spheres of the second layer (B layer) are stacked so as to fit in the recess formed by the three spheres of the first layer (A layer), and the third layer (C layer) The spheres are stacked so as to fit in a dent of a position different from the sphere of the A layer among the dents formed by the three spheres of the B layer. On the other hand, in the hexagonal close-packed structure, the spheres in the second layer (B layer) are stacked so as to fit in the depression formed by the three spheres in the first layer (A layer), and the spheres in the third layer are , Of the dents formed by the three spheres of the B layer, are stacked so as to fit in the dent at the same position as the sphere of the A layer.

  In the cubic close-packed structure and the hexagonal close-packed structure, there are a regular tetrahedral gap (tetrahedral site) and a regular octahedral gap (octahedral site), respectively. In general, since the anion is larger than the cation, many ionic crystals can be regarded as a structure in which the anion is closely packed and the cation is contained in the gap. That is, the regular tetrahedral gap in these ionic crystals is a regular tetrahedral gap that exists at the center of each of the four anions in the close-packed structure. It is a regular octahedron-shaped gap existing at the center of each of the six anions in the close-packed structure. 2 and 3, the center position of the anion is shown by a circle. In the cubic close-packed structure, as shown in FIG. 2A, for example, the regular tetrahedral gap 1 is a regular tetrahedral-shaped gap having the center positions 1a to 1d of four anions as vertices. As shown in FIG. 2B, the regular octahedral gap 2 is a regular octahedral shape gap having the center positions 2 a to 2 f of six anions as apexes. Further, in the hexagonal close-packed structure, as shown in FIG. 3A, for example, the regular tetrahedral gap 3 is a regular tetrahedral gap having apexes at the center positions 3a to 3d of four anions. For example, the regular octahedron gap 4 is a regular octahedron-shaped gap having apexes at the center positions 4a to 4f of six anions.

  In a general ionic crystal structure in which a regular tetrahedral gap or a regular octahedral gap is formed between anions arranged to form a close-packed structure, a part or all of each gap is formed. Cations are inherent. As a result, the gap in which the cation is present becomes a coordination polyhedron, and the gap in which the cation is not present becomes a void polyhedron that forms a gap between the coordination polyhedrons. That is, in an ionic crystal structure in which anions have a close-packed structure, the crystal structure can be expressed by including a tetrahedral or octahedral coordination polyhedron and a void polyhedron including the void structure. A similar expression is possible even in an ionic crystal structure in which cations have a close-packed structure.

  Hereinafter, examples of parts for assembling the crystal structure model according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG. 4 is an external perspective view of an example of a coordinate polyhedron part, a void polyhedron part, etc., which are parts for assembling the crystal structure model according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is an external perspective view of an example of a housing that is a part for assembling the crystal structure model according to the embodiment of the present invention.

  The crystal structure model according to the present invention is for showing a crystal structure including a coordination polyhedron in which a cation, an anion, an atom or a molecule exists, and a polyhedral void formed between the coordination polyhedron, Assembled by several parts. Here, as an example of a plurality of parts, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a coordination polyhedron part 5 having a regular tetrahedron shape, a void polyhedron part 6 having a regular tetrahedron shape, and a regular octahedron shape are included. Coordinated polyhedron part 7, void polyhedron part 8 having a regular octahedron shape, split void polyhedron part 9 which is a part of gap polyhedron part 8, and cubic housing 10 or hexagonal prism shape which can be loaded inside The housing 11 or the like is used.

  In the following description of each part, the coordination polyhedron part indicates a coordination polyhedron containing cations and anions, and the void polyhedron part indicates a polyhedral void formed between the coordination polyhedrons. Although explained as a thing, when the coordination polyhedron part shows a coordination polyhedron composed of a cation coordinated to an anion, the positional relationship of the label indicating the cation and the anion is opposite, and the atom or In the case of a coordinated polyhedron composed of molecules or molecules that are intrinsic and coordinated to them, a label indicating an atom or molecule is disposed at a position where a label indicating a cation and an anion is disposed. Become.

  The coordination polyhedron part 5 is a part representing a coordination polyhedron having a regular tetrahedron shape with the center positions of four anions as apexes 5a and containing cations therein. The coordination polyhedron part 5 has four faces 5b, which are equilateral triangles. In addition, a member 5 c serving as a marker indicating a cation is provided inside the coordination polyhedral component 5.

  The void polyhedron part 6 has a regular tetrahedron shape with the center positions of four anions as apexes 6a, and is a part representing a void that does not contain cations therein. The void polyhedron part 6 has four faces 6b, which are equilateral triangles. The size of the gap polyhedron component 6 is the same as the size of the coordination polyhedron component 5.

  The coordination polyhedron part 7 is a part representing a coordination polyhedron having a regular octahedron shape with the center positions of six anions as apexes 7a and containing cations therein. The coordination polyhedron part 7 has eight faces 7b, which are equilateral triangles. In addition, a member 7 c serving as a marker indicating a cation is provided inside the coordination polyhedral component 7.

  The void polyhedron part 8 has a regular octahedron shape with the center position of each of the six anions as apexes 8a, and is a part representing a void that does not contain cations therein. The void polyhedron component 8 has eight faces 8b, which are equilateral triangles. The size of the void polyhedron component 8 is the same as the size of the coordination polyhedron component 7.

  The divided void polyhedron part 9 corresponds to a quarter of the void polyhedron part 8 having a regular octahedron shape, and is a tetrahedron shaped part with the center positions of four anions as apexes 9a. The divided void polyhedron component 9 has four surfaces, of which two surfaces 9b have an equilateral triangle shape, and the remaining two surfaces 9c have an isosceles triangle shape.

  Here, the respective surfaces 5b, 6b, 7b, 8b, 9b of the coordination polyhedron part 5, the gap polyhedron part 6, the coordination polyhedron part 7, the gap polyhedron part 8, and the divided gap polyhedron part 9 are congruent. (Same shape and same area).

  Here, the surface 5b of the coordinated polyhedral component 5 is formed of a transparent plate-like member, and the plate-like member is colored pink. The surface 6b of the gap polyhedron component 6 is formed of a transparent plate-like member, and the plate-like member is colored yellow. The surface 7b of the coordination polyhedral component 7 is formed of a transparent plate-like member, and the plate-like member is colored blue. The surface 8b of the void polyhedron component 8 and the surfaces 9b and 9c of the divided void polyhedron component 9 are formed of transparent plate-like members, and the plate-like members are not colored (colorless). Further, the member 5c serving as a label indicating the cation inside the coordination polyhedral component 5 and the member 7c serving as the label indicating the cation inside the coordination polyhedral component 7 are colored black. Further, the vicinity of each apex of each surface 5b, 6b, 7b, 8b, 9b, 9c of the coordination polyhedron part 5, the gap polyhedron part 6, the coordination polyhedron part 7, the gap polyhedron part 8, and the divided gap polyhedron part 9 is hidden. It is colored red so as to be an ion label.

  The housing 10 has a cubic hollow main body portion 10a and a lid portion 10b. The housing 10 is for loading the coordination polyhedron part 5, the gap polyhedron part 6, the coordination polyhedron part 7, the gap polyhedron part 8, the divided gap polyhedron part 9, and the like. The housing 11 has a hexagonal column-shaped hollow main body portion 11a and a lid portion 11b, and is used for loading the coordinated polyhedral component 5 and the like in the same manner as the housing 10. Here, since the housing | casing 10 and the housing | casing 11 are formed with the transparent member, the coordination polyhedral component 5 etc. with which it was loaded can be confirmed from the outside. The housing 10 can be used, for example, in a unit cell polyhedral crystal structure model having a cubic close-packed structure, and the housing 11 has a polyhedral crystal structure showing a partial structure of a crystal based on a hexagonal close-packed structure, for example. Can be used for models.

  Next, the procedure for assembling the crystal structure model of the zincblende structure will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a zinc-blende structure. 7-12 is a figure which shows the procedure at the time of assembling the crystal structure model of a senzincite type structure, and FIG. 13 is an external perspective view of the polyhedron model type crystal structure model of a senzincite type structure. In addition, in FIG. 7 to FIG. 12, the illustration of coloring that serves as a label indicating an anion is omitted.

  The crystal structure 12 shown in FIG. 6 is a unit cell of a gallium ore structure, in which the positional relationship between the center position 12a of the anion and the center position 12b of the cation is illustrated. It has shown that it has the some anion arrange | positioned so that it may become, and the cation arrange | positioned between anions.

  In the crystal structure 12 of the senzincite structure, there is an octahedral void at the center, and there are two coordination tetrahedrons and two tetrahedral voids above the octahedral voids. There are also two coordination tetrahedrons and two tetrahedron-shaped voids below the plane-shaped voids. The two coordination tetrahedrons above the octahedral-shaped gap are arranged at positions different from the two coordination tetrahedrons below the octahedral-shaped gap. Here, even if an attempt is made to understand the crystal structure based on the atomic position model 19 of FIGS. 6 and 26 showing the senzincite structure, the two arrangements above the octahedral-shaped void and the octahedral-shaped void are described. Intuitively understand the existence, geometrical arrangement, etc. of the tetrahedral and two tetrahedral gaps, the two coordination tetrahedrons and the two tetrahedral voids below the octahedral gap Have difficulty.

  Therefore, according to the procedure described later, the crystal structure model 13 corresponding to the crystal structure 12 of the zinc-blende structure using the coordination polyhedral component 5, the void polyhedral component 6, the coordination polyhedral component 7, the void polyhedral component 8, and the like. By assembling (see FIG. 13), it is possible to intuitively understand the existence and positional relationship of the above octahedral voids, four coordination tetrahedrons, and four tetrahedral voids. Furthermore, the crystal structure can be easily understood by observing the assembled crystal structure model 13.

  When assembling the crystal structure model 13 of the senzincite structure, first, as shown in FIG. 7, the four divided void polyhedron parts 9 are loaded into the housing 10. At this time, the four divided gap polyhedral components 9 are arranged such that one of the surfaces 9 c comes into contact with the bottom surface of the housing 10 and the other of the surfaces 9 c comes into contact with the side surface of the housing 10.

  Subsequently, two coordination polyhedral parts 5 and two gap polyhedral parts 6 are loaded into the housing 10. Here, the two coordination polyhedron parts 5 and the two gap polyhedron parts 6 are respectively fitted in the recesses formed between the four divided gap polyhedron parts 9 previously loaded in the housing 10. Alternatingly arranged. At this time, the two surfaces 5b of the coordinating polyhedral component 5 are in surface contact with the surfaces 9b of the two adjacent divided void polyhedral components 9, and the two surfaces 6b of the void polyhedral component 6 are two adjacent divided spaces. It comes into surface contact with the surface 9 b of the polyhedral component 9. Then, as shown in FIG. 8, a recess opened upward is formed between the two coordination polyhedral components 5 and the two gap polyhedral components 6. This dent has a shape corresponding to one half of the regular octahedron shape.

  Next, one gap polyhedron component 8 is loaded into the housing 10 as shown in FIG. Here, the gap polyhedron part 8 is disposed so as to fit into a recess formed by the two coordination polyhedron parts 5 and the two gap polyhedron parts 6 previously loaded in the housing 10. Then, since the shape of the depression has a shape corresponding to one half of the gap polyhedral part 8, the lower half of the gap polyhedral part 8 is fitted into the depression as shown in FIG. Become. At this time, the four lower surfaces 8b of the gap polyhedron part 8 are in contact with the respective surfaces 5b and 6b of the two coordination polyhedron parts 5 and the two gap polyhedron parts 6 forming the recesses.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 11, four divided gap polyhedral components 9 are loaded into the housing 10. At this time, the four divided gap polyhedral components 9 are arranged such that their surfaces 9 c come into contact with adjacent side surfaces of the housing 10. Subsequently, the two coordination polyhedral parts 5 and the two gap polyhedral parts 6 are loaded into the housing 10 as shown in FIG. Here, the two coordination polyhedron parts 5 and the two gap polyhedron parts 6 are respectively formed between one gap polyhedron part 8 and four divided gap polyhedron parts 9 previously loaded in the housing 10. It arrange | positions alternately so that it may fit in the hollow made. At this time, the two surfaces 5 b of the coordination polyhedron component 5 are in surface contact with the four upper surfaces 8 b of the air gap polyhedron component 8 and the surface 9 b of the divided air gap polyhedron component 9, respectively.

  In addition, the two coordination polyhedron parts 5 arranged above the gap polyhedron part 8 are arranged at positions different from the positions just above the two coordination polyhedron parts 5 arranged below the gap polyhedron part 8. Similarly, the two void polyhedron parts 6 arranged above the gap polyhedron part 8 are arranged at positions different from the positions directly above the two gap polyhedron parts 6 arranged below the gap polyhedron part 8.

  Thereafter, the four divided void polyhedron parts 9 are loaded into the housing 10 so as to fit into the recesses formed between the two coordination polyhedron parts 5 and the two gap polyhedron parts 6. At this time, the four divided gap polyhedral components 9 are arranged so that one of the surfaces 9 c becomes the upper surface of the housing 10 and the other of the surfaces 9 c contacts the side surface of the housing 10. Then, as shown in FIG. 13, a crystal structure model 13 having a senzincite structure is completed. At this time, since the lid 10b of the housing 10 is closed with respect to the main body 10a, all the components are loaded into the housing 10, so that the crystal structure model 13 having a senzincite structure is in a stable state. Can be held in.

  By the way, the crystal structure of diamond is the same as the crystal structure of the zinc-blende structure. The crystal structure 14 shown in FIG. 14 is a unit cell of diamond, and the positional relationship between the atomic center positions 14a is illustrated. That is, the coordination polyhedron part 5 represents a coordination polyhedron composed of atoms coordinated to atoms, and the gap polyhedron part 6, the gap polyhedron part 8, and the divided gap polyhedron part 9 are arranged between the coordination polyhedrons and their arrangement. If it is considered that the gap formed between the coordinate polyhedron and the housing 10 is shown, the crystal structure model 13 in FIG. 13 is considered to represent the crystal structure of diamond.

  Next, a procedure for assembling a crystal structure model having an inverted fluorite structure will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an inverted fluorite structure. FIGS. 16-18 is a figure which shows the procedure at the time of assembling the crystal structure model of an inverted fluorite type structure. FIG. 19 is an external perspective view of a crystal structure model having an inverted fluorite structure. In addition, in FIG. 16 to FIG. 19, illustration of coloring indicating anions is omitted.

  The crystal structure 15 shown in FIG. 15 is a unit cell having an inverted fluorite structure, and shows the positional relationship between the center position 15a of the anion and the center position 15b of the cation. It has shown that it has the some anion arrange | positioned so that it may become, and the cation arrange | positioned between anions.

  In the crystal structure 15 of the inverted fluorite structure, there is an octahedral void at the center, four coordination tetrahedrons above the octahedral void, and also below the octahedral void. There are four coordination tetrahedra. Here, even if an attempt is made to understand the crystal structure based on the atomic position model 20 shown in FIGS. 15 and 27 showing the inverted fluorite structure, the four arrangements above the octahedral-shaped void and the octahedral-shaped void are described. It is difficult to intuitively understand the existence, positional relationship, and the like of the four coordination tetrahedrons below the tetrahedral and octahedral gaps.

  Therefore, according to the procedure to be described later, the crystal structure model 16 (see FIG. 19) corresponding to the crystal structure 15 of the inverted fluorite structure is formed using the coordination polyhedron part 5, the gap polyhedron part 8, and the divided gap polyhedron part 9. By assembling, the existence and positional relationship of the above octahedral-shaped gap, four coordination tetrahedra above the octahedral gap, and four coordination tetrahedra below the octahedral gap are intuitive. Can understand. Furthermore, the crystal structure can be easily understood by observing the assembled crystal structure model 16.

  The procedure for assembling the crystal structure model 16 having the inverted fluorite structure differs from the procedure for assembling the crystal structure model 13 having the senzincite structure in that the four coordination polyhedral parts 5 and the four void polyhedral parts Instead of loading 6 into the housing 10, only the configuration of the eight coordinated polyhedral parts 5 is loaded into the housing 10, and the rest is a procedure for assembling the crystal structure model 13 having a senzincite structure. It is the same.

  When assembling the crystal structure model 16 having the inverted fluorite structure, first, the four divided void polyhedron parts 9 are loaded into the casing 10, and then the four coordination polyhedron parts 5 are loaded into the casing 10. Is done. Then, as shown in FIG. 16, a recess opened upward is formed between the four coordination polyhedral components 5. Then, one gap polyhedron component 8 is loaded into the housing 10 as shown in FIG. Thereafter, the four split-polyhedron parts 9 are loaded into the casing 10, and then the four coordination polyhedron parts 5 are loaded into the casing 10, as shown in FIG.

  Then, when the four divided gap polyhedral parts 9 are loaded in the housing 10 so as to fit into the recesses formed between the four coordination polyhedral parts 5, as shown in FIG. A crystal structure model 16 having a mold structure is completed. At this time, since the lid 10b of the housing 10 is closed with respect to the main body 10a, all parts are loaded into the housing 10, so that the inverted fluorite-type crystal structure model 16 is in a stable state. Can be held in.

  Next, a procedure for assembling the crystal structure model 18 having a corundum structure will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a part of the corundum structure. FIG. 21 to FIG. 23 are diagrams showing a procedure for assembling a crystal structure model of a corundum type structure. 22 (a) and 23 (a) are perspective views of the first layer, FIGS. 22 (b) and 23 (b) are plan views of the first layer, and FIG. 23 (c) is a perspective view of the second layer. FIG. 23 (d) is a plan view of the second layer. In FIG. 22B, FIG. 23B, and FIG. 23D, the solid line indicates the ridge line on the upper surface, and the broken line indicates the ridge line on the lower surface. FIG. 24 is a diagram for explaining a crystal structure model of a corundum type structure. 24A is an external perspective view of the crystal structure model, FIG. 24B is a plan view of the crystal structure model, the solid line indicates the ridgeline of the upper surface of the second layer, and the broken line indicates other than the upper surface of the second layer. Indicates the ridgeline. In addition, in FIG. 21 to FIG. 23, illustration of coloring indicating anions is omitted.

  The crystal structure 17 shown in FIG. 20 is a part of a repetitive crystal structure of a corundum type structure, and shows the positional relationship between the center position 17a of an anion and the center position 17b of a cation, and has a hexagonal close-packed structure. It has shown that it has the some anion arrange | positioned so that it may become, and the cation arrange | positioned between anions.

  In the crystal structure 17 having a corundum structure, two-thirds of octahedral gaps formed between a plurality of anions arranged so as to form a hexagonal close-packed structure become a coordination octahedron. One-half is an octahedral void. Here, even if it is going to understand crystal structure based on FIG. 20 which shows a corundum type structure, presence of said coordination octahedron, the octahedral-shaped space | gap, those geometric arrangements, and these coordination octahedron and It is difficult to intuitively understand the void tetrahedron formed between the void octahedrons.

  Therefore, according to the procedure described later, by using the coordination polyhedron part 7, the gap polyhedron part 8, and the gap polyhedron part 6, a crystal structure model 18 (see FIG. 24) corresponding to the crystal structure 17 of the corundum structure is assembled. In addition, it is possible to intuitively understand the existence and positional relationship of the coordination octahedron, octahedron shape, and tetrahedron shape voids. Furthermore, the crystal structure can be easily understood by observing the assembled crystal structure model 18.

  When assembling the crystal structure model 18 of the corundum type structure, first, as shown in FIG. 21, as the first layer, two coordination polyhedral parts 7 and one void polyhedral part 8 are each one void polyhedral part. 6 are arranged so as to be in contact with the three surfaces. At this time, the two coordination polyhedron parts 7 are arranged so as to be in contact with each other at a ridge line, and one gap polyhedron part 8 is arranged so as to be in contact with each of the two coordination polyhedron parts 7 at each ridge line. And the surface used as the upper surface and the surface used as the lower surface of two coordination polyhedral components 7 and one space | gap polyhedral component 8 are each arrange | positioned on the same surface. Then, as shown in FIGS. 22 (a) and 22 (b), the surfaces which are the upper surfaces of the two coordination polyhedral components 7 and the one gap polyhedral component 8 are in point contact at their central portions. .

  Next, as the second layer, similarly to the first layer shown in FIG. 21, except that the upper surface and the lower surface are reversed, two coordination polyhedral parts 7 and one void polyhedral part 8 are each one gap. It arrange | positions so that three surfaces of the polyhedral component 6 may be contacted. Then, as shown in FIGS. 23 (a), 23 (b), 23 (c), and 23 (d), two coordination polyhedral components 7, one void polyhedral component 8, and one void polyhedron. The component 6 is arranged above the first layer arranged previously. At this time, the two coordination polyhedron parts 7 are arranged right above one of the two coordination polyhedron parts 7 in the first layer and one gap polyhedron part 8. In addition, one void polyhedron part 8 is arranged right above the other of the two coordination polyhedron parts 7 of the first layer arranged first. Then, as shown in FIGS. 24A and 24B, a crystal structure model 18 having a corundum structure is completed. Here, the crystal structure model 18 having such a corundum structure has a first layer and a second layer formed of two coordination polyhedron parts 7 and one gap polyhedron part 8 around the gap polyhedron part 6 as shown in FIG. In the regular hexagonal column housing 11 shown in (b), it can be easily assembled as a stable model by assembling in a shape inscribed in its wall surface.

  On the other hand, by providing a coupling mechanism on the respective contact surfaces of the coordination polyhedron part 7, the gap polyhedron part 8 and the gap polyhedron part 6 used for assembling the crystal structure model 18 of the corundum type structure, these parts are provided. The crystal structure model can be easily assembled without using adhesion and the above-mentioned casing. An example of a coupling mechanism for coupling the coordination polyhedral component 7 and the gap polyhedral component 8 is shown in FIG. 25 (a) and 25 (b), the surface 7b of the coordination polyhedron component 7 is provided with three protrusions 7d and three openings 7e, respectively, on the surface 8b with the gap polyhedron component 8. Each has three protrusions 8d and three openings 8e. The protrusion 7d and the opening 7e are arranged at positions corresponding to the opening 8e and the protrusion 8d when the surface 7b of the coordination polyhedral component 7 and the surface 8b of the gap polyhedral component 8 are in surface contact. The protrusions 7d and 8d are bent as shown in FIG. Accordingly, the surface 7b of the coordination polyhedral component 7 and the surface 8b of the gap polyhedral component 8 are brought into surface contact so that the projection 7d is fitted in the opening 8e and the projection 8d is fitted in the opening 7e. As shown in FIG. 25 (d), since the projections 7d and 8d are locked to the peripheral edges of the openings 7e and 8e, the coordinated polyhedral component 7 and the gap polyhedral component 8 are in surface contact with each other. It is connected with. Accordingly, similarly, the coordination polyhedron part 7, the void polyhedron part 8 and the gap polyhedron part 6 forming the crystal structure model 18 are all connected in a surface contact state, thereby stabilizing the crystal structure model 18 having a corundum structure. Can be held in the state.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the coordination polyhedron parts 5 and 7 representing the coordination polyhedron and the void polyhedron parts 6 and 8 representing the polyhedral void formed between the plurality of coordination polyhedrons that cannot be visually observed. And by using the divided polyhedral void part 9, a polyhedral crystal structure model can be easily assembled. In addition, a coordination polyhedron and a polyhedron can be obtained by assembling a polyhedral crystal structure model using the coordination polyhedron parts 5, 7, the gap polyhedron parts 6, 8 and the divided polyhedron gap part 9, and by observing the polyhedron crystal structure model. It is possible to intuitively understand the shape and geometric arrangement of the air gap. Furthermore, various polyhedral crystal structure models can be formed by combining these components. For this reason, it is possible to model a plurality of crystal structures using a single component kit in which these components are combined, and it is easy to recombine between different crystal structures.

  The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various design changes can be made as long as they are described in the claims. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the polyhedral crystal structure model is assembled using components such as the coordination polyhedron parts 5 and 7 and the gap polyhedron parts 6 and 8 and the divided gap polyhedron part 9. It is an example. Therefore, the polyhedral crystal structure model may be assembled using parts different from the coordinated polyhedral parts 5 and 7, the void polyhedral parts 6 and 8, and the divided void polyhedral part 9. That is, the shape, size, color, pattern, and the like of the coordination polyhedral component and the void polyhedral component can be changed. Various kits using these parts are also possible. Furthermore, the coordinated polyhedral part and the void polyhedral part may be a molded product of a colorless or colored transparent plastic material. In addition, the labeling of ions or the like which are provided in the coordination polyhedron part and the void polyhedron part is located in the hollow polyhedron part and colored on the polyhedron itself, in addition to the marking part in the hollow polyhedron part. It may also be formed by embedding in a polyhedral part, marking with a laser, or forming a ground pattern at the time of molding.

  Furthermore, when assembling a polyhedral crystal structure model in a housing, if only a coordination polyhedral component and a void polyhedral component, a gap is formed between the housing and the assembly so that it can be assembled stably, it is limited to equal division. Instead, a coordination polyhedral part and a void polyhedral part divided according to the gap can be used.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, a specific shape is provided on the surface to be a contact surface of each of the coordination polyhedron part 7, the gap polyhedron part 8, and the gap polyhedron part 6 used for assembling the crystal structure model 18 having a corundum structure. However, the structure of the coupling mechanism can be changed. Further, the coupling mechanism may be, for example, a hook-and-loop fastener, an adhesive tape, an adhesive material, a magnet, or the like attached to the surfaces of the coordination polyhedron part and the void polyhedron part.

It is a schematic diagram explaining the close-packed structure in a three-dimensional space. It is a figure explaining the regular tetrahedral space | gap and regular octahedral space | gap in a cubic close-packing structure. It is a figure explaining the regular tetrahedral space | gap and regular octahedral space | gap in a hexagonal close-packed structure. It is an external appearance perspective view of examples, such as a coordination polyhedron part and an air gap polyhedron part, which are parts for assembling a crystal structure model concerning an embodiment of the invention. It is an external appearance perspective view of the example of the housing | casing which is a component for assembling the crystal structure model which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows a senzinc ore structure. It is a figure which shows the procedure at the time of assembling the crystal structure model of a zinc-blende structure. It is a figure which shows the procedure at the time of assembling the crystal structure model of a zinc-blende structure. It is a figure which shows the procedure at the time of assembling the crystal structure model of a zinc-blende structure. It is a figure which shows the procedure at the time of assembling the crystal structure model of a zinc-blende structure. It is a figure which shows the procedure at the time of assembling the crystal structure model of a zinc-blende structure. It is a figure which shows the procedure at the time of assembling the crystal structure model of a zinc-blende structure. It is an external appearance perspective view of the polyhedron model type crystal structure model of a senzincite type structure. It is a figure which shows the crystal structure of a diamond. It is a figure which shows a reverse fluorite type | mold structure. It is a figure which shows the procedure at the time of assembling the crystal structure model of an inverted fluorite type structure. It is a figure which shows the procedure at the time of assembling the crystal structure model of an inverted fluorite type structure. It is a figure which shows the procedure at the time of assembling the crystal structure model of an inverted fluorite type structure. It is an external appearance perspective view of the crystal structure model of an inverted fluorite structure. It is a figure which shows a part of corundum type | mold structure. It is a figure which shows the procedure at the time of assembling the crystal structure model of a corundum type structure. 22 (a) and 22 (b) are diagrams showing a procedure for assembling a crystal structure model of a corundum type structure, FIG. 22 (a) is a perspective view of the first layer, and FIG. 22 (b) is a diagram. It is a top view of the 1st layer. FIG. 23A, FIG. 23B, FIG. 23C, and FIG. 23D are diagrams showing a procedure for assembling a crystal structure model having a corundum type structure. FIG. FIG. 23B is a plan view of the first layer, FIG. 23C is a perspective view of the second layer, and FIG. 23D is a plan view of the second layer. 24A and 24B are diagrams for explaining a crystal structure model of a corundum type structure, FIG. 24A is an external perspective view of the crystal structure model, and FIG. 24B is a crystal structure model. It is a top view of It is a figure which shows an example of the connection mechanism for connecting a coordination polyhedral component and a space | gap polyhedral component. It is a figure which shows the atomic position model which shows a zinc-blende structure. It is a figure which shows the atomic position model which shows an inverted fluorite structure.

Explanation of symbols

5, 7 Coordinate polyhedral parts 6, 8, 9 Void polyhedral parts 10, 11 Housings 13, 16, 18 Polyhedral crystal structure model

Claims (11)

It has a polyhedral shape, and all vertices are provided with a label representing a cation, anion, atom or molecule, and a label indicating a cation, anion, atom or molecule is provided inside so as to be identifiable from the outside. A plurality of coordination polyhedral parts representing a coordination polyhedron,
At least one or more polyhedral shapes, each having a label representing a cation, anion, atom or molecule at all vertices, and no label representing a cation, anion, atom or molecule inside With void polyhedron parts ,
A polyhedral crystal structure model , wherein the void polyhedron part is arranged in surface contact with at least one coordination polyhedron part among the plurality of coordination polyhedron parts .   2. The polyhedral crystal structure model according to claim 1, wherein the coordination polyhedron part and the void polyhedron part each have a regular tetrahedron and / or a regular octahedron shape.   The polyhedral crystal structure model according to claim 1, wherein the void polyhedron part is formed of a transparent member.   The polyhedral crystal structure model according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the coordination polyhedral part is formed of a transparent member.   The polyhedral crystal structure model according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the coordination polyhedral part and the void polyhedral part have different colors or different patterns.   The polyhedral crystal structure model according to claim 1, wherein the void polyhedron part includes different colors or patterns different from each other.   The polyhedral crystal structure model according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the coordination polyhedral component includes different colors or patterns different from each other. According to claim 1-7, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of coordination polyhedrons component and the at least one or more voids polyhedron components formed in and clear of the member A can be loaded in the inside of the housing The polyhedral crystal structure model according to any one of the above items. The polyhedral crystal structure model according to claim 8 , wherein the housing has a cubic shape or a regular hexagonal prism shape. The polyhedral crystal structure model according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , including a component obtained by dividing the coordination polyhedral component or the void polyhedral component. The polyhedral crystal structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10 , wherein the coordination polyhedral component and the void polyhedral component have a coupling mechanism for coupling in a state of being in surface contact with each other. model.

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