JP5368264B2 - Improved rice husk burner - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a firewood combustor that is useful for the production of rice husk charcoal suitable for agriculture and horticultural use such as vegetables, and that is also environmentally and labor-saving.

  Rice husks can be made porous by using charcoal and can form an excellent soil structure that is good for agricultural crops. It has been known for a long time that this rice husk charcoal has excellent characteristics in raising seedlings, but its production has been unexpectedly difficult and has not been used as expected. Conventionally, a tank-shaped rice husk combustor used in the past has a bottom lid that is hermetically sealed. A chimney is connected to the top lid. In the improved version, the chimney can be set at any angle so that the amount of inhaled air can be adjusted. There is an igniter at the top of the side of the soot burner, which also serves as a viewing window for checking the ignition. This ignition port is closed after confirming ignition. An air intake is provided in the lower side wall of the soot combustor, and the combustion air is sucked in. When the rice husk combustion is completed, the lid of the air intake is closed and carbonization is performed by suffocation. The inside of the soot burner is partitioned vertically by a disk with holes, the lower part of the disk is an air chamber, and the upper part of the disk is a space for rice husk. In order to make it easy to take out the charcoal product, the combustor will be installed in suspension with two support legs. When removing the charcoal, the chimney is removed, the top cover is removed, the fuel burner body is inverted, and the charcoal is removed. Moreover, the vinegar liquefied from the chimney is collected simultaneously with the manufacture of rice husk and charcoal.

Next, a conventional method for producing rice husk charcoal and a method for extinguishing fire will be described.
Remove the top cover of the combustor, and set the disc with holes and its cradle in the combustor. Put the rice husk from the top of the combustor. After charging, kerosene is sprayed on the surface of rice husk. After attaching the top lid and chimney, ignite with an igniter from the ignition port, and ignite the rice husk. Completion of soot burning is normally completed when the pinch cock of the air inlet at the bottom of the soot burner is activated and the lid of the inlet is closed.
Remove the chimney and top cover, invert the main body of the combustor and drop the charcoal to remove it. The extracted charcoal is not completely extinguished, so it is sprinkled with water and cooled to produce a product.
Patent Documents 1 to 4 are main examples of the soot burning device for rice husks filed so far. Document 1 ignites from the upper part of the cylindrical combustion furnace and continues to ignite and burn continuously downward with air from below. When the combustion reaches the bottom, the air is shut off and then the retained heat It completes carbonization. This method ignites easily because the surroundings of the unburned material is always fresh air, and the portion where the combustion gas passes is hot, but the combustion gas has already consumed most of the oxygen. The above combustion is suppressed and soot burning can be continued. Ashing starts from the bottom when combustion reaches the bottom, but at this time the inflowing air is shut off and the so-called crushed state is prevented, and ashing is prevented, and the carbonization of the lower part is completed by the heat in the furnace Can be made. Reference 2 eliminates the need to stop the combustion in the kiln and always monitor the state of soot combustion by automatically shutting off the air intake when the contents are carbonized during the manufacture of the soot charcoal of Reference 1. It is what. Reference 3 makes it possible to adjust the amount of air sucked and the amount of wood vinegar collected by adjusting the tilt angle of the chimney. Further, Document 4 is intended to obtain a pyroligneous acid efficiently by providing a supply cylinder at the center of the combustor to make the combustion uniform.
JP 58-1780 Japanese Utility Model Sho 62-170745 JP-A-3-258895 JP-A-9-78071

Conventionally, the burning operation of the soot burner was done by burning wood pieces or paper and placing it on the top of the rice husk layer, but now, after spraying kerosene etc. on the top of the rice husk layer, it is ignited with a lighter etc. However, it is difficult to ignite. In addition, there was a safety problem that generated an explosion mixture at the time of ignition, and there was a case where the face was burned when checking the ignition. On the other hand, the most important thing when burning in a combustor with rice husks, etc. is to maintain the same temperature as possible so that there is no temperature distribution at the center and periphery of the combustor, while maintaining the upper and middle layers. The lower layer and the combustion layer are moved. However, the conventional soot combustor has a problem that the uppermost layer portion cannot be uniformly heated from the time of ignition, and that a dangerous ignition operation is required for each batch.
It has been a big problem from the past to improve the safety in ignition and to promote uniform soot burning.

In addition, when using a metal soot burner, the soot around the soot husks near the metal wall burns quickly, so if the chaff around the soot burners is carbonized, the chaff in the center remains unburned. There was a problem that remained. When the central part is completely carbonized, the rice husks in the peripheral part are incinerated. For this reason, it is very desirable to promote the progress of soot burning in the lower central part of the soot burner and complete the soot burning in the peripheral part and the central part at the same time, thereby obtaining soot with little unburned and ash content.

According to the present invention, once ignition is performed for the first time, ignition work with an igniter is not necessary thereafter, soot burning is started very well, and uniform soot burning is possible. It also provides a combustor with good recovery.
That is, the rice husk soot combustor of the present invention is a rice husk soot combustor having a structure that ignites the upper surface of the supplied rice husk and advances the combustion downward. A charcoal tray provided at the bottom, having a tar remover connected to the chimney at the top of the main body, and having a number of air holes in the bottom plate of the charcoal tray as a first feature To do.
The charcoal tray moves horizontally and can be removed.

In addition, a rice husk cradle is installed inside the charcoal tray. The rice husk cradle is provided with a plurality of rice husk dropping holes closer to the center, and a charcoal dropping slit at the boundary between each husk dropping hole and the hole. The second feature is that it is supported by a pedestal base adapted to the height.
As a third feature, the rice husk cassette is inserted into the side pipe between the tar remover and the chimney, and the smoke discharged from the combustor is allowed to pass, so that the recovery rate of the soot vinegar can be increased.
Furthermore, a fourth feature is that a handle is provided on the side wall of the charcoal tray, and the charcoal tray can be gripped and pulled out horizontally along the drawer guide.

First, the first feature will be described. A combustor consists of an upper main body and a lower charcoal tray. By adopting such a structure, the structure becomes simple, and material costs and production costs are extremely low. In addition, a number of air holes are provided in the bottom plate of the charcoal tray, and the bottom plate is a charcoal tray and also serves as an air inlet. The high-temperature charcoal collected from the charcoal tray is used to ignite the next combustor. In other words, hot coal is introduced from the top of the next combustor, and is spread on the top layer of the filled rice husk to a thickness of several centimeters. As a result, the ignition work is started more safely and the soot is started and progressed in a uniform state as a whole.
The second feature is that inside the charcoal tray, there are a plurality of chaff dropping holes closer to the center, and a chaff cradle with a charcoal dropping slit at the boundary of each chaff dropping hole. This is the point that has been made possible. The cradle is supported by cradle legs that match the height of the charcoal tray. By providing this rice husk cradle, soot burning in the lower central part of the combustor can be completed at the same time as the peripheral part.
In other words, the rice husk on the rice husk cradle falls from the rice husk dropping hole before the start of soot burning, and is piled up conically on the bottom plate of the charcoal tray. When soot burning is near the end, burning charcoal falls from the charcoal dropping slit, ignites the lower periphery of the rice husks piled up in a cone, and soot burning begins, so the completion of soot burning is And almost at the same time.

The third feature is that the rice husk cassette can be inserted into the side tube.
When the flue gas generated from the combustor passes through the rice husk, tar is further removed, the flue gas is cooled, and the soot vinegar is almost completely removed and recovered. It is also effective in eliminating smoke. Furthermore, the burning time can be adjusted by changing the filling ratio of the rice husk. Therefore, several partitions are provided in the rice husk cassette, and the rice husk can be arbitrarily filled in the partition. That is, in the case of soot burning started in the middle of the night, the completion time of soot burning can be delayed by increasing the filling ratio of rice husk, and the operation of taking out the charcoal can be performed from the next morning.
The fourth feature is that the charcoal tray can be easily taken out by the drawer guide. In other words, it can be easily pulled out from the main body of the combustor by pulling the handle of the charcoal tray at the end of the last period. The final stage of soot burning can be judged from the fact that the piece of wood inserted into the hole in the side plate of the soot burner burns and falls. This drawer guide reduces labor and also prevents dangers such as burns when taking out the charcoal. This drawer guide creates a sufficient gap for air to pass between the bottom plate of the charcoal tray and the ground. It is also possible to attach a caster to the bottom of the bottom plate to make a gap for air inflow. Since the charcoal tray is movable, there is a slight gap between the charcoal tray and the main body, so the wedge, the pan and the ground, Or insert it between the tray and the drawer guide.

The combustor of the present invention will be described in more detail. The soot combustor main body is basically a cylindrical shape having a size of about 200L to 500L. However, in the combustor of the present invention, soot progresses extremely uniformly, so the soot combustor is not limited to a cylindrical shape, and a rectangular parallelepiped can be used sufficiently. Further, the capacity can be further increased. An opening having a diameter of about 30 cm is provided in the upper part of the combustor main body, and a cylindrical body containing a baffle plate inside, that is, a tar remover is installed in this opening. The tar remover is not limited to a cylindrical body, and may be rectangular. The top of the tar remover is hermetically sealed, but the bottom and the top of the side are open, the bottom is connected to the combustor body, and the top of the side is connected to a side tube that leads to the chimney. Therefore, the flue gas generated in the combustor passes through this cylindrical body, that is, the tar remover, and the tar accompanying the flue gas is removed by the built-in baffle plate. The baffle plate is lowered at the center so that tar flows down. The flue gas that has passed through the tar remover passes through the side pipe and is discharged from the chimney to the atmosphere. The recovery rate of vinegar is increased by the rice husk cassette inserted in the side tube. A side tube is fixed to the tar remover, and as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. In the present invention, the tar remover employs a detachable type from the soot combustor body, but the tar remover and the soot combustor body can be fixed, and a rice husk inlet can be provided on the top plate of the soot combustor. Although the latter is better in terms of the operation of putting rice husk, the method of the present invention is convenient in that it can remove dirt inside the tar remover.

The example of the figure which looked at the rice husk cradle set in a charcoal saucer from the top is shown in FIG. 4, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of husk dropping holes 19 are formed in the center of the cradle and in a radial direction of approximately 15 cm from the center. Further, an L-shaped charcoal dropping slit is also opened at the boundary between the chaff dropping hole and the hole. The diameter of the chaff dropping hole is about 30 to 80 mm, and the width of the charcoal dropping slit is about 5 to 10 mm. The rice husk falls at a hole of 30 mm or more, but the hole is easily clogged at 30 mm or less. About 50 mm is preferable. Moreover, although charcoal falls, if there is a slit of 5 mm or more width, about 8 mm is suitable. Therefore, when this rice husk cradle is set on a charcoal tray and the rice husk is put in, the rice husk falls as shown in FIG. 5 and accumulates in a conical shape on the charcoal tray. FIG. 6 shows an I-shaped slit of the rice husk cradle. The shape of the slit may be T-shaped in addition to those shown in FIGS.
FIG. 7 shows the state of the charcoal tray when the soot burning enters the final stage. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the charcoal tray.
When the soot burning at the top of the rice husk cradle is started and charcoal is charred, the charcoal begins to fall from the charcoal dropping slit and accumulates at the bottom of the charcoal tray, and the burning of the chaff is started from the base. By this mechanism, soot carbonization of the rice husk below the soot combustor is completed almost at the same time as the surrounding area.

  The charcoal tray installed in the lower part of the combustor body is made of a metal plate having many air holes of about 10 mm on the bottom plate, and can be removed by sliding on the drawer guide. When the burning is completed, the charcoal tray is pulled out, and the hot charcoal in the tray is used as ignition charcoal. The remaining rice husk charcoal falls from the bottom of the combustor, so it is packed in a bag. Falling charcoal is relatively cold and can be extinguished by suffocation.

By using the soot burner of the present invention, the combustion of the rice husk is performed extremely uniformly over the entire surface with a simple structure. Therefore, the obtained rice husk charcoal has no unburned part or completely burned part, and an extremely excellent product can be obtained. Since the combustion proceeds uniformly, the combustor can be used not only in a cylindrical shape but also in a rectangular parallelepiped, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Moreover, the recovery of vinegar is good, and the flue gas can be colorless. Taking out the charcoal for ignition collected in the charcoal tray is also easy by using the drawer guide.
It also eliminates the risk of facial burns and explosions during ignition. Furthermore, the operation of taking out the charcoal by suspending the fuel burner in the air and inverting it is not necessary. There is no need to extinguish the firewood with water. Since the lowest hot charcoal is removed for ignition, the remaining relatively low temperature charcoal can be automatically extinguished by suffocation if it is packed in a bag.

A method for producing rice husk charcoal according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an external view of the entire combustor. The tar remover 4 is removed from the combustor body 1, and the raw rice husk is put into the combustor 1. The introduced rice husk fills the main body 2, and a part of the rice husk passes through the rice husk dropping hole 19 of the rice husk cradle 14 and accumulates in the charcoal tray 3. A space of about 20 cm from the top is secured in the main body. When the charging is over, prepare the chaff for ignition and spread it evenly over the top of the main unit by several centimeters. For the first time, the rice husks are ignited in the charcoal tray and inserted into the combustor to create a seed. From the second time on, use the hot charcoal obtained in the charcoal tray. By this ignition operation, the upper layer portion of the rice husk starts ignition combustion evenly. The tar remover 4 is attached to the combustor main body 2, and the chimney 5 is inserted and attached to the side tube 9. A cassette 12 with rice husks is inserted into the side tube. The burning of the rice husk in the main body proceeds uniformly from the upper part to the lower part. The flue gas passes through the tar remover and is released from the chimney to the atmosphere. The chimney tip has an umbrella for rain protection. Persimmon vinegar is collected from the persimmon vinegar outlet 10 attached to the lower part of the side tube 9. High quality vinegar can be collected by the rice husk cassette of the side tube 9.

Since the ignition material is rice husk and charcoal, not kerosene or wood, the combustion is extremely uniform and good. The smoke discharged from the chimney hardly generates black smoke due to the rice husk cassette built in the side pipe. The progress of soot burning can be confirmed by measuring the temperature on the side of the soot burner. Liquefied vinegar can be recovered from the side tube of the chimney. Whether or not soot burning is complete can be determined by burning and dropping a piece of wood inserted into the hole in the side plate of the soot burner body. When the soot burning is completed, the charcoal tray is withdrawn, and at the same time, the rice husk charcoal as a product is dropped and collected from the soot combustor body. Rice husk charcoal can be packed in plastic bags as it is and extinguished by suffocation.

From the second time onwards, hot rice husk charcoal collected from the charcoal tray can be used as the ignition material. As described above, the use of the combustor according to the present invention makes the operation extremely easy, and there is almost no danger because there is no ignition operation for each time. Further, the smoke is colorless and transparent with no black smoke, the quality of the vinegar produced is good, and the rice husk charcoal is an extremely uniform product with no unburned ash and little ash. Further, the bottom plate of the charcoal tray portion has air holes, and combustion air is introduced from the bottom plate, which is simple in structure and not wasteful.

  The rice husk soot combustor of the present invention can be widely used for the production of rice husk soot charcoal suitable for agriculture and horticulture such as vegetables. In addition, rice husk vinegar can be used as a soil disinfectant, a vegetable cultivation disinfectant, and a deodorant.

Appearance of the entire fuel burner Charcoal tray Tar remover and side pipe, inside chimney Rice husk cradle top view (L-shaped slit type) Top view when rice husks are deposited on the charcoal tray and rice cradle Rice husk cradle top view (I-shaped slit type) Cross section of rice husk and rice husk deposited on the rice husk tray and rice husk cradle

1 Combustor 2 Body 3 Charcoal tray 4 Tar remover 5 Chimney 6 Handle 7 Strut 8 Drawer guide 9 Side tube 10 Vinegar outlet 11 Baffle plate 12 Rice husk cassette 13 Air hole 14 Rice husk base 15 Base base 16 Rice husk 17 Charcoal 18 Charcoal dropping slit 19 Rice husk dropping hole 20 Charcoal saucer bottom plate

Claims (3)

In the rice husk combustor having a structure that ignites the upper surface of the input rice husk and advances the combustion downward, the soot combustor is fixed to a column that is erected on the drawer guide, and the bottom of the main body is opened. It consists of a charcoal tray that is provided at the bottom and can be pulled out in the horizontal direction along the drawer guide. A tar remover that leads to the chimney is located at the top of the main body, and a lot of air is placed on the bottom plate of the charcoal tray. A rice husk burner characterized by being perforated 2. The rice husk combustor according to claim 1, wherein the rice husk cassette is inserted into a side pipe provided between the tar remover and the chimney. Inside the smoke charcoal pan has a chaff cradle with pedestals for supporting the disc and disc inscribed in smoked charcoal pan, the central portion side of the chaff cradle, chaff drop out circular hole of 30~80mm diameter There opened plurality and chaff of claim 1, characterized in that smoked charcoal drop out linear slit 5~10mm width boundary of chaff drop out circular hole and circular hole are opened smoke燃器

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