JP5720041B2 - Tunnel support construction method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel support guide installation method in which a support is gripped by a grip portion of an elector device and guided and built near a face of a tunnel.

  NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) uses support materials such as spray concrete, rock bolts, steel support works, etc., based on the concept of maintaining the stability of the tunnel by effectively using the support capacity and strength of natural ground. It is a method of constructing a tunnel structure that is used as appropriate and integrated with natural ground.

  The support work that prevents the collapse of the tunnel cross section and stably supports the cross section is made of a pair of H steels divided into half horseshoe shape, and the erection work is performed near the face. In tunnel support construction work, a work vehicle equipped with an erector device that grips the support work and moves it toward the face is used.

  Conventionally, an installation method has been proposed in which a pair of targets are installed on a work vehicle, collimated by a laser rangefinder from a known coordinate point, a target coordinate value is obtained, and the target coordinate value is installed at a support construction value (for example, , See Patent Document 1). In this tunnel support installation method, by setting the amount of movement of the erector device based on the target coordinate value and the installation coordinate value of the support work, the pair of support works are installed close to the face so as to be connected to each other in the center. To do. According to this method, it is said that accurate construction of support works, elimination of dangerous work, reduction of the number of heavy equipment movements, improvement of construction efficiency and safety can be achieved.

  In addition, an installation method has been proposed in which a target is attached to the left, right, and upper center of the support work, the target is automatically tracked by a total station, and the support work is adjusted to a design value by an erector device (for example, Patent Document 2). In this tunnel support construction method, the distance from the tunnel center is measured for each of the three targets, and the target installation height is subtracted in advance, and the error is compared with the design value of the support. Display on the monitor. While watching the display on this monitor, the operator of the erector device moves the hand so that the error is less than the set value, and adjusts the position of the support work. According to this method, even if the support is tilted or rolled, a predetermined cross-section in the tunnel can be secured, and the distance (radius) from the center of the tunnel will be as designed over the entire circumference, so that there will be no error-free support. It is supposed to be possible.

Japanese Patent No. 3381606 Japanese Patent No. 4559346

  In the conventional tunnel support installation method described above, it is difficult for the erector device to grip the support work under the same conditions every time, and there is a variation in the gripping state of the support work. The positional relationship with the actual position is not fixed. Therefore, the position of the target differs greatly from one support work to another, or shifts in the middle, and the target coordinate value measured by the laser rangefinder cannot correspond to the actual position of the support work. There are problems such as large deviation.

  In addition, the conventional erection method was proposed as a solution to the problem of the installation method of the tunnel support work, but the left and right support works are assembled by assembling the left and right support works. The target is attached to the right and upper three locations, and the support work is held by the left and right hands, and the three targets are automatically tracked. Therefore, the load of surveying and calculation is heavy, and it takes time to adjust the position of the support work. There are problems such as this.

  In other words, since the three targets are automatically tracked and the respective surveys are performed for calculation and an error from the design value is obtained, the burden of calculation processing becomes larger than the automatic tracking of one or two targets. In addition, the support work assembled in an arch shape is gripped by the left and right hands of the erector device, and the operator must operate the left and right hands so that the error is less than the set value while watching the error displayed on the monitor. In addition, the burden on the operator is heavy.

  The present invention solves the above-described problems, and allows the support work to be smoothly guided to a predetermined position, improving the work efficiency of the support work, and improving the position accuracy of the support work. It is intended to improve.

For this reason, the present invention grips a support work on the gripping portion by an erector device provided on an erector cart that has a telescopic mechanism, a tilting mechanism, a swinging mechanism, and a rotation mechanism and that has a boom that supports the gripping portion at the tip. A tunnel support guide installation method for guiding and building near the face of the tunnel, wherein an erector target is attached to the grip portion, and a support target is attached to an upper end portion and a lower end portion of the support work. after schematic induce the支保Engineering by the position by measuring inducing position of the erector target controlled erecta target target position the erector device, the position of the erector target and the fixed, of the shoring target position by measuring controlling the erector device shoring and rotating operation about the position of the erector target An upper end portion or to induce detail the支保Engineering by inducing targeted target position of the lower end position of the shoring target of the upper portion or a lower end portion, characterized in that Tatekomu the design position of the支保Engineering .

  Furthermore, when the support target is attached to the upper end and the lower end of the support in the temporary storage area of the support, the offset amount from the center line, the upper end, and the lower end of the support is input to the management computer. And, as a pre-operation, after measuring the position of the erector target and the support target in a state where the support work is gripped by the grip portion of the elector device and obtaining the positional relationship with the support work, the rough guidance It is characterized by doing.

  According to the present invention, the support target is attached to the upper end and the lower end of the support work, and the erector target is also attached to the grip portion of the elector apparatus that holds and guides the support work, so that the support work is positioned at the position of the erecta target. Since it is guided roughly to the vicinity of the face to be built, the support work can be promptly guided to the vicinity of the face. In addition, since the coordinates are obtained by measuring two erector targets by the total station and guiding is performed, it is possible to reduce the calculation processing load by the management computer and to reduce the guiding work. Further, since the support work that is roughly guided to the vicinity of the face is guided in detail to the design position based on the position of the support work target, the guide to the design position can be performed with high accuracy.

It is a figure explaining embodiment of the tunnel support construction guidance construction method concerning the present invention. It is a figure explaining the procedure of the tunnel support construction guidance erection work concerning this invention. It is a figure explaining the procedure of the previous work prior to the support work guidance erection work. It is a figure explaining the detailed procedure of a support construction guidance erection work. It is a figure which shows the offset amount of a support work target, and the example of the input screen. It is a figure which shows the example of the target position measurement screen at the time of a support construction guidance construction work.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of a tunnel support construction guiding and building method according to the present invention. In the figure, 1 is an erector device, 2-1 and 2-2 are total stations, 3-1 and 3-2 are reference targets, 4L and 4R are supporters, 5 is a face, 11 is an erector carriage, and 12L and 12R are booms. , S1 to S4 indicate support targets, and E1 and E2 indicate erector targets.

  In FIG. 1, the erector apparatus 1 is provided with booms 12L and 12R on a self-propelled erector carriage 11. The booms 12L and 12R are booms each having a telescopic mechanism, a tilting mechanism, a swinging mechanism, and a rotating mechanism, and support a grip portion at the tip. The gripping part supported by the boom 12L grips the left support work 4L, and the gripping part supported by the boom 12R grips the right support work 4R. Elector targets E1 and E2 are attached to each gripping part. It is done. In this erector apparatus 1, the left and right supporters 4L, 4R are guided and built in the design position by controlling the travel of the erector carriage 11 and the expansion / contraction, tilting, swinging, and rotation of the booms 12L, 12R.

  The total stations 2-1 and 2-2 measure the coordinates of the position where a target such as a prism or a reflection sheet is attached by laser distance measurement and angle measurement. Laser irradiation, collimation, automatic collimation tracking, automatic Functions such as leveling correction are provided. The total station 2-1 is fixedly installed on the wall surface, for example, at a position closer to the tunnel entrance than the position where the supporters 4 </ b> L and 4 </ b> R are built behind the face 5. The total station 2-2 is movably installed on a support member such as a tripod, for example, at a position closer to the tunnel entrance than the position where the supporters 4L and 4R are built, behind the face 5.

  The reference targets 3-1 and 3-2 are installed at known coordinate positions on the wellhead side of the tunnel. The total stations 2-1 and 2-2 are installed at positions where these two reference targets 3-1 and 3-2 can be collimated. The three-dimensional coordinates (x, y, z) of the self-installation positions of the total stations 2-1 and 2-2 are obtained by collimating these two reference targets 3-1, 3-2, Obtained and required by the backward association law.

  The supporters 4L and 4R are a pair of steel materials in which horseshoe-shaped (arc-shaped, arch-shaped) H steel is divided, guided near the face 5 and connected to each other at the upper center to be installed at the design position. The The support work 4L is a steel material divided on the left side toward the face 5, and is guided and built at the design position. Therefore, the support work target S1 for measuring the position is at the lower end and the support work target S2 is at the upper end. Each can be attached. Similarly, the support 4R is a steel material divided on the right side toward the face 5 and is guided and built at the design position. Therefore, the support target S4 for measuring the position is at the lower end, and the support target S3 is at the upper end. It is attached to each part.

  The support targets S1 to S4 are prisms with magnets, for example, which are attached to the upper and lower ends of the support stations 4L and 4R for measuring the positions of the support works 4L and 4R by the total stations 2-1, 2-2. Supporting targets S1 to S4 using prisms with magnets can be easily attached and detached by being attracted to steel supporting members 4L and 4R by constituting the bottom with magnets. Further, the erector targets E1 and E2 are, for example, prisms that are attached to the grip portions supported by the booms 12L and 12R.

Although not shown, the management computer for controlling and measuring the distance between the elector device 1 and the total stations 2-1 and 2-2, calculating the angle measurement data, and displaying the calculation results is not shown. Located in the operation room. The management computer stores data related to tunnel alignment information, tunnel cross-section information, and other design information, and information necessary for work based on such information, control of the elector device 1 and the total stations 2-1 and 2-2, and measurement information. Is calculated and displayed on the monitor. Control of the erector apparatus 1 and the total stations 2-1 and 2-2 by the management computer enables remote operation by incorporating a wireless apparatus and providing a wireless communication function. Of course, mutual communication between devices may be either wireless or wired.

  In the tunnel support construction guide building method according to the present embodiment, for example, the support works S1 to S4 are attached to the support works 4L and 4R that are temporarily placed in the temporary storage place prior to the guide construction work. . The supporting works 4L and 4R are gripped by the gripping parts supported by the booms 12L and 12R of the erector apparatus 1, guided roughly to the vicinity of the face 5, and further guided and built in detail at the design position.

  Further, in the total stations 2-1 and 2-2, the reference targets 3-1 and 3-2 are measured and calculated by the management computer, and the three-dimensional coordinates (x, y, z) of the own installation position are obtained. . Thereafter, when the supporters 4L and 4R are gripped by the gripping parts supported by the booms 12L and 12R of the erector apparatus 1 in the temporary storage place of the supporter, the support computers S1 to S4 and the erector targets E1 and E2 are measured and managed. To obtain the positional relationship between the support targets S1 to S4, the erector targets E1 and E2, and the support members 4L and 4R.

  Based on these positional relationships, a target position is set for the positions of the erector targets E1 and E2, and the collimation of the total stations 2-1 and 2-2 is locked to the erector targets E1 and E2. With this lock, the total stations 2-1 and 2-2 collimate and automatically track the erector targets E1 and E2, obtain their coordinates, and guide the positions of the erector targets E1 and E2 to the target position. Approximate 4L, 4R guidance is performed.

When the supporters 4L and 4R are roughly guided based on the erector targets E1 and E2, target positions are set for the support targets S2 and S3 at the upper ends of the supporters 4L and 4R or the support targets S1 and S4 at the lower ends. Furthermore, the collimation of the total stations 2-1 and 2-2 is locked to the support targets S2 and S3 at the upper ends of the support works 4L and 4R or the support targets S1 and S4 at the lower ends. Moreover, since the erector targets E1 and E2 are at the target position by the rough guidance, the position of the erector target is fixed.

Then, the total stations 2-1 and 2-2 collimate and automatically track the support targets S2 and S3 at the upper end of the support 4L and 4R or the support targets S1 and S4 at the lower end to obtain their coordinates. The guides 4L and 4R are guided in detail by guiding the positions of the support targets S2 and S3 at the upper ends of the supporters 4L and 4R or the support targets S1 and S4 at the lower ends to the target position. At this time, since the position of the erector target is fixed, the support works 4L and 4R are rotated around the position of the erector target .

  In this way, the erector targets E1 and E2 are collimated and automatically tracked for rough guidance, and then the support targets S2 and S3 at the upper end of the support 4L and 4R or the support targets S1 and S4 at the lower end are viewed. By carrying out semi-automatic tracking and performing detailed guidance, the supporting works 4L and 4R are guided to the design position and built.

According to the present embodiment, first, the target positions for the approximate guidance of the support works 4L and 4R by the elector targets E1 and E2 are set, and the two elector targets E1 and E2 are collimated and automatically tracked based on their coordinates. Guide roughly. Therefore, the processing load for coordinate measurement by the total stations 2-1 and 2-2 is reduced, and the supporting work 4L is quickly and efficiently brought to the vicinity of the design position.
4R can be induced.

  Next, the setting of the target position is switched from the target position of the general guidance for the erector targets E1 and E2 to the target position of the detailed guidance for the support targets S2 and S3 or the support targets S1 and S4, and the upper ends of the support works 4L and 4R. The support targets S2 and S3 or the support targets S1 and S4 at the lower end are collimated and automatically tracked, and the support 4L and 4R are guided in detail to the design position based on their coordinates. Therefore, the support works 4L and 4R can be guided and built with high accuracy at the design position, and the work accuracy can be improved while improving the work efficiency.

  Furthermore, the tunnel support construction guide construction method of this embodiment is demonstrated with a specific work procedure. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the entire tunnel support construction work according to the present invention, FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the procedure of the previous work prior to the support construction guidance work, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a detailed procedure of the work, FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of an offset amount of a support target and an input screen thereof, and FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a target position measurement screen at the time of support guide construction work. is there.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the procedure for the entire tunnel support guide erection work is as follows: installation of targets for the support works 4L and 4R to be guided erection at the temporary storage site, input of offset amount and other setting data necessary for guidance, etc. A pre-operation is performed (step st11), and then the supporters 4L and 4R are gripped by the gripping portions supported by the booms 12L and 12R of the erector apparatus 1 so that the rough guidance and the detailed guidance are switched from the temporary storage place. Guide construction to a design position near 5 is performed (step st12).

  The pre-operation is an operation performed each time the support targets S1 to S4 are attached to the upper and lower ends of the left and right supporters 4L and 4R to be guided and built. In addition, the shape of the support works 4L and 4R, the design positions of the support works 4L and 4R, which are the targets for the guide work, and other information common to the guide construction of each support work 4L and 4R are the basic data. Has already been entered into the management computer prior to execution.

  In the specific procedure of the pre-operation in step st11, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, the support targets S1 to S4 are respectively provided on the upper and lower ends of the left and right supporters 4L and 4R to be guided and built in the temporary storage site. Is attached (step st21). Then, the target mounting position is located and the offset amount is input (step st22). Further, initial setting values such as over-range, over-range, and search range are input (step st23). Fig. 5 shows an example of those input screens. Enter the dimensions A and C from the support center line CL to the target, the dimension B from the end, the amount of lift, the amount of spread, and the search range. It is an example of the screen.

  In the specific procedure of the guide erection work in step st12, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, the supporters 4L and 4R are gripped by the gripping portions supported by the booms 12L and 12R of the erector apparatus 1 (step st31). The erector targets E1 and E2 and the supporting work targets S1 to S4 in the gripping state are measured by the total stations 2-1 and 2-2 to obtain respective position coordinates (step st32). Further, the positions of the erector targets E1, E2 and the support targets S1 to S4 at the guide built-in design positions of the support works 4L and 4R based on the positional relationship and the offset amount of the obtained erector targets E1 and E2 and the support work targets S1 to S4. Is obtained as a target position when performing rough guidance and detailed guidance (step st33).

The state when the left and right supporters 4L and 4R are gripped by the gripping portions supported by the booms 12L and 12R of the erector apparatus 1 is not always the same, and there is gripping unevenness, and is different for each gripping. Therefore, in the present embodiment, measurement is performed by the total stations 2-1 and 2-2, and the positional relationship among the elector targets E 1 and E 2, the support targets S 1 to S 4, and the support methods 4 L and 4 R is calculated by the management computer. As described above, the positional relationship (offset amount) between the center lines, upper and lower ends of the supporters 4L and 4R and the support targets S1 to S4 is input by the preprocessing operation.

  Next, the positions of the erector targets E1 and E2 obtained in step st33 are set as target positions (step st34), and the positions of the erector targets E1 and E2 are guided to the target positions as rough guidance of the supporting works 4L and 4R (steps). st35, st36). In this general guidance, regardless of the positions of the support targets S1 to S4 and the holding postures of the support works 4L and 4R, the positions of the gripping portions are ignored so that the positions of the erector targets E1 and E2 are at the target positions. Is moved.

Thereafter, the position of the erector target is fixed, the positions of the support targets S1 and S4 at the lower end obtained in step st33 are set as target positions (step st37), and detailed guidance of the lower ends of the supports 4L and 4R is performed. In the mode for fixing the position of the erector target, the positions of the support targets S1 and S4 at the lower end are guided to the target position (steps st38 and st39). In this detailed guidance, the supporters 4L and 4R are rotated with the position of the erector target as a fulcrum so that the positions of the support targets S1 and S4 at the lower end are at the target position.

  In a state where the lower ends of the supporters 4L and 4R are guided in detail to the design position, first, concrete is sprayed on the lower ends of the supporters 4L and 4R to fix the lower ends (step st40). And the position of the support target S2, S3 of the upper end part calculated | required by step st33 is set to a target position (step st41), and it is determined whether the position of the support target S2, S3 of an upper end part exists in a target position. Determination is made (step st42).

As a result of the determination in step st42, when the positions of the support work targets S2 and S3 on the upper end portion are at the target positions, the 4L and 4R guidance operations are ended. When the positions of the support targets S1 and S4 at the lower end are guided to the target position in steps st38 and st39, normally, the position of the erector target is guided and fixed to the target position by rough guidance first. The positions of the support targets S3 and S4 on one upper end are also guided to the target position.

However, if the positions of the support targets S2 and S3 at the upper end have deviated from the target position, as a result of the determination at step st42, as further detailed guidance for the upper end of the support 4L and 4R, The fixation of the target position is released, and the positions of the support targets S2 and S3 at the upper end are guided to the target position (steps st43 and st44), and the 4L and 4R guiding operations are completed.

  In rough guidance and detailed guidance, the total stations 2-1 and 2-2 measure the elector targets E1, E2, and the support targets S1 to S4, and the difference between the respective positions calculated by the management computer and the target position, the support work 4L. The difference between the 4R position and the design position is appropriately displayed on the monitor. FIG. 6 shows an example of a position measurement display screen in which the total stations 2-1 and 2-2 measure the erector targets E1 and E2 and the support targets S1 to S4 and perform calculation by the management computer to display the respective data. It is.

  According to the present embodiment, first, in addition to data relating to tunnel alignment information, tunnel cross-section information, and other design information, the support targets S1 to S4 are attached to the upper and lower ends of the support works 4L and 4R, and the support work 4L. The offset amount from the 4R center line, the upper end, and the lower end is input to the management computer.

Furthermore, the support 4L is supported by the gripping parts supported by the booms 12L and 12R of the electre device 1.
In the state where 4R is gripped, the support targets S1 to S4 and the erector targets E1 and E2 are measured by the total stations 2-1 and 2-2, and are calculated by a computer, and the support works 4L and 4R and the support targets S1 to S4 are processed. Information on the positional relationship between the erector targets E1 and E2 is obtained.

  By using these pieces of information, the erector apparatus 1 is controlled based on the positions of the erector targets E1 and E2 by rough guidance to guide the supporting works 4L and 4R from the temporary storage site to the target position near the face 5, so that the management computer It is possible to reduce the load of the arithmetic processing by, and to reduce the guidance work by operating each support work 4L, 4R based on the positions of the erector targets E1, E2.

Then, the position of the erector target guided to the target position by the detailed guidance is fixed, and the erector device 1 is controlled based on the position of the support targets S1 and S4 at the lower ends of the support works 4L and 4R to support the support work 4L at the design position. Since the 4R is guided and built, the work can be simplified and the supporters 4L and 4R can be accurately guided to the design position.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, A various deformation | transformation is possible. For example, in the above-described embodiment, after roughly guiding the positions of the erector targets E1 and E2, the position of the support targets S1 and S4 at the lower end is guided in detail, and then the positions of the support targets S2 and S3 at the upper end are set as targets. Whether or not it is in the position has been confirmed, but in the case of the erector apparatus 1 capable of performing detailed guidance with high control accuracy, the work after step st41 can be omitted. In this case, the positions of the support targets S1 and S4 at the lower end may be guided in detail instead of the positions of the support targets S2 and S3 at the upper end. In view of the fact that the gripping state of the supporters 4L and 4R is different for each gripping by the gripping parts supported by the booms 12L and 12R of the elector device 1, the elector targets E1 and E2 and the supporter targets S1 to S1 in the gripping state are different. Based on the positional relationship of S4, the target position in the approximate guidance was obtained (step st33). However, the target position in the rough guidance may be set based on the design positions of the support works 4L and 4R with a value that allows gripping unevenness, and may be input together with the basic data prior to the execution of the previous work. Further, the total station 2-1 is fixedly disposed on the wall surface, and the total station 2-2 is movably disposed. However, the total station 2-1 may be movable or fixed.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Electa device, 2-1, 2-2 ... Total station, 3-1, 3-2 ... Reference target, 4L, 4R ... Supporting work, 5 ... Face, 11 ... Erecta cart, 12L, 12R ... Boom, S1- S4: Supporting target, E1, E2 ... Electa target

Claims (3)

A telescopic mechanism, tilting mechanism, swinging mechanism, and rotating mechanism that has a boom that supports the gripping part at the tip and that supports the gripping part by an erector device that grips the supporting part in the gripping part, close to the face of the tunnel A tunnel support construction guide erection method that guides and builds in, and attaches an erector target to the grip portion, attaches a support target to the upper end and lower end of the support, and measures the position of the erector target. And then guiding the position of the erector target to the target position of the erector target by roughly guiding the support, then fixing the position of the erector target and measuring the position of the support target. an upper end portion or a lower end of the shoring and rotating operation about the position of the erector target controls the erector device Of the targeted target position upper or induce detail the支保Engineering by inducing position of shoring target lower end portion, the tunnel shoring induction denominated, characterized in that Tatekomu the design position of the支保Engineering Method.   When a support target is attached to the upper end and the lower end of the support in the temporary storage area of the support, the offset amount from the center line, the upper end, and the lower end of the support is input to a management computer. The tunnel support construction induction method according to claim 1.   As a pre-operation, after measuring the position of the erector target and the support target in a state where the support work is gripped by the grip portion of the elector device and obtaining the positional relationship with the support work, the rough guidance The tunnel support construction guidance erection method according to claim 1, wherein

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