JP5738555B2 - 非対称シェブロンフィルム孔を使用して翼形部表面を冷却するための方法及び構造 - Google Patents
非対称シェブロンフィルム孔を使用して翼形部表面を冷却するための方法及び構造 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5738555B2 JP5738555B2 JP2010184516A JP2010184516A JP5738555B2 JP 5738555 B2 JP5738555 B2 JP 5738555B2 JP 2010184516 A JP2010184516 A JP 2010184516A JP 2010184516 A JP2010184516 A JP 2010184516A JP 5738555 B2 JP5738555 B2 JP 5738555B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- film
- chevron
- trough region
- film cooling
- asymmetric
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/12—Cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
- F01D5/186—Film cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D9/00—Stators
- F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/80—Platforms for stationary or moving blades
- F05D2240/81—Cooled platforms
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D2260/202—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling by film cooling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Description
12 対称シェブロンフィルム冷却孔リッジ部
14 対称シェブロンフィルム冷却孔ウィングトラフ
16 対称シェブロンフィルム冷却孔入口ボア
18 フィルム冷却式部品の外表面
20 高温ガス流
22 タービンベーンの端部壁領域
24 タービンベーン
26 フィルム冷却孔
28 タービンブレード
29 タービンベーンの端部壁領域
30 非対称シェブロンフィルム孔
32 非対称シェブロンフィルム孔平坦リッジ部
34 非対称シェブロンフィルム孔ウィングトラフ
36 非対称シェブロンフィルム孔ウィングトラフ
38 非対称シェブロンフィルム孔入口ボア
40 フィルム冷却式部品の外表面
50 一対の非対称フィルム孔領域
Claims (9)
- フィルム冷却式タービン構造(40)であって、
少なくとも1つの非対称シェブロンフィルム冷却孔(30)であって、各シェブロン(30)の一方の側部(34)が、当該フィルム冷却式タービン構造(40)の表面上に噴射冷却媒体の一部分を導くことに関して該シェブロン(30)の他方の側部(36)よりも優勢である、少なくとも1つの非対称シェブロンフィルム冷却孔(30)を含んでおり、各シェブロン(30)の優勢な側部が、当該フィルム冷却式タービン構造(40)の表面上を流れる高温ガスによって生じる流線湾曲を打消すように配向している、フィルム冷却式タービン構造(40)。 - 各シェブロン(30)の一方の側部(34)の寸法が、該シェブロン(30)の反対側部(36)の寸法とは異なる、請求項1記載のフィルム冷却式タービン構造(40)。
- 各シェブロン(30)の一方の側部(34)の配向が、該シェブロン(30)の反対側部(36)の配向とは異なる、請求項1又は請求項2記載のフィルム冷却式構造(40)。
- 当該構造(40)が、タービンベーン又はタービンブレードの端部壁領域を含む、請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項記載のフィルム冷却式タービン構造(40)。
- 当該構造(40)が、タービン翼形部を含む、請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項記載のフィルム冷却式タービン構造(40)。
- 前記少なくとも1つの非対称シェブロンフィルム冷却孔(30)が第1のトラフ領域(34)及び第2のトラフ領域(36)を含んでいて、第1のトラフ領域(34)と第2のトラフ領域(36)とが互いに異なる深さを有する、請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか1項記載のフィルム冷却式タービン構造(40)。
- 前記少なくとも1つの非対称シェブロンフィルム冷却孔(30)が第1のトラフ領域(34)及び第2のトラフ領域(36)を含んでいて、第1のトラフ領域(34)と第2のトラフ領域(36)とが互いに異なる幅を有する、請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか1項記載のフィルム冷却式タービン構造(40)。
- 前記少なくとも1つの非対称シェブロンフィルム冷却孔(30)が第1のトラフ領域(34)及び第2のトラフ領域(36)を含んでいて、第1のトラフ領域(34)と第2のトラフ領域(36)とが互いに異なる拡散角度を有する、請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか1項記載のフィルム冷却式タービン構造(40)。
- 前記少なくとも1つの非対称シェブロンフィルム冷却孔(30)が第1のトラフ領域(34)及び第2のトラフ領域(36)を含んでいて、第1のトラフ領域(34)と第2のトラフ領域(36)とが互いに異なるジオメトリを有する、請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項記載のフィルム冷却式タービン構造(40)。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/607,586 US20110097191A1 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2009-10-28 | Method and structure for cooling airfoil surfaces using asymmetric chevron film holes |
| US12/607,586 | 2009-10-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2011094609A JP2011094609A (ja) | 2011-05-12 |
| JP5738555B2 true JP5738555B2 (ja) | 2015-06-24 |
Family
ID=43828975
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010184516A Expired - Fee Related JP5738555B2 (ja) | 2009-10-28 | 2010-08-20 | 非対称シェブロンフィルム孔を使用して翼形部表面を冷却するための方法及び構造 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20110097191A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5738555B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN102052092B (ja) |
| CH (1) | CH702107B1 (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE102010037050A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (52)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4954309B2 (ja) | 2010-03-24 | 2012-06-13 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | ダブルジェット式フィルム冷却構造 |
| US9151173B2 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2015-10-06 | General Electric Company | Use of multi-faceted impingement openings for increasing heat transfer characteristics on gas turbine components |
| JP6019578B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-15 | 2016-11-02 | 株式会社Ihi | タービン翼 |
| US9279330B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2016-03-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine component with converging/diverging cooling passage |
| US9024226B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2015-05-05 | United Technologies Corporation | EDM method for multi-lobed cooling hole |
| US10422230B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2019-09-24 | United Technologies Corporation | Cooling hole with curved metering section |
| US8763402B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2014-07-01 | United Technologies Corporation | Multi-lobed cooling hole and method of manufacture |
| US8572983B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2013-11-05 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine component with impingement and diffusive cooling |
| US8683813B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2014-04-01 | United Technologies Corporation | Multi-lobed cooling hole and method of manufacture |
| US9482100B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2016-11-01 | United Technologies Corporation | Multi-lobed cooling hole |
| US9416665B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2016-08-16 | United Technologies Corporation | Cooling hole with enhanced flow attachment |
| US9410435B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2016-08-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine component with diffusive cooling hole |
| US8733111B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2014-05-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Cooling hole with asymmetric diffuser |
| US8689568B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2014-04-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Cooling hole with thermo-mechanical fatigue resistance |
| US9284844B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2016-03-15 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine component with cusped cooling hole |
| US8584470B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2013-11-19 | United Technologies Corporation | Tri-lobed cooling hole and method of manufacture |
| US8683814B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2014-04-01 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine component with impingement and lobed cooling hole |
| US9273560B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2016-03-01 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine component with multi-lobed cooling hole |
| US9422815B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2016-08-23 | United Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine component with compound cusp cooling configuration |
| US8707713B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2014-04-29 | United Technologies Corporation | Cooling hole with crenellation features |
| US9416971B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2016-08-16 | United Technologies Corporation | Multiple diffusing cooling hole |
| US8522558B1 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2013-09-03 | United Technologies Corporation | Multi-lobed cooling hole array |
| US9598979B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2017-03-21 | United Technologies Corporation | Manufacturing methods for multi-lobed cooling holes |
| US8850828B2 (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2014-10-07 | United Technologies Corporation | Cooling hole with curved metering section |
| US9650900B2 (en) | 2012-05-07 | 2017-05-16 | Honeywell International Inc. | Gas turbine engine components with film cooling holes having cylindrical to multi-lobe configurations |
| US9145773B2 (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2015-09-29 | General Electric Company | Asymmetrically shaped trailing edge cooling holes |
| US9322279B2 (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2016-04-26 | United Technologies Corporation | Airfoil cooling arrangement |
| US9109453B2 (en) | 2012-07-02 | 2015-08-18 | United Technologies Corporation | Airfoil cooling arrangement |
| US10113433B2 (en) * | 2012-10-04 | 2018-10-30 | Honeywell International Inc. | Gas turbine engine components with lateral and forward sweep film cooling holes |
| GB201219731D0 (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2012-12-12 | Rolls Royce Plc | Gas turbine engine end-wall component |
| WO2014186006A2 (en) * | 2013-02-15 | 2014-11-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Cooling hole for a gas turbine engine component |
| US10329920B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-06-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Multi-lobed cooling hole |
| GB201413456D0 (en) | 2014-07-30 | 2014-09-10 | Rolls Royce Plc | Gas turbine engine end-wall component |
| US20160090843A1 (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2016-03-31 | General Electric Company | Turbine components with stepped apertures |
| WO2016068856A1 (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2016-05-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Cooling passage arrangement for turbine engine airfoils |
| DE102015210385A1 (de) * | 2015-06-05 | 2016-12-08 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Vorrichtung zur Kühlung einer Wandung eines Bauteils einer Gasturbine |
| US10392947B2 (en) | 2015-07-13 | 2019-08-27 | General Electric Company | Compositions and methods of attachment of thick environmental barrier coatings on CMC components |
| US10197278B2 (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2019-02-05 | General Electric Company | Combustor assembly for a turbine engine |
| US9976746B2 (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2018-05-22 | General Electric Company | Combustor assembly for a turbine engine |
| US10168051B2 (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2019-01-01 | General Electric Company | Combustor assembly for a turbine engine |
| US11149646B2 (en) | 2015-09-02 | 2021-10-19 | General Electric Company | Piston ring assembly for a turbine engine |
| US10563867B2 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2020-02-18 | General Electric Company | CMC articles having small complex features for advanced film cooling |
| US11021965B2 (en) | 2016-05-19 | 2021-06-01 | Honeywell International Inc. | Engine components with cooling holes having tailored metering and diffuser portions |
| US10605092B2 (en) | 2016-07-11 | 2020-03-31 | United Technologies Corporation | Cooling hole with shaped meter |
| EP3450682A1 (en) | 2017-08-30 | 2019-03-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Wall of a hot gas component and corresponding hot gas component |
| US10648342B2 (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2020-05-12 | General Electric Company | Engine component with cooling hole |
| US11402097B2 (en) | 2018-01-03 | 2022-08-02 | General Electric Company | Combustor assembly for a turbine engine |
| CN111379595B (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2024-11-05 | 中国联合重型燃气轮机技术有限公司 | 用于燃气轮机的气膜孔和燃气轮机的叶片 |
| CN112031877B (zh) * | 2020-08-21 | 2022-08-09 | 天津理工大学 | 一种展向非对称的凹坑气膜冷却孔型 |
| US11746661B2 (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2023-09-05 | Doosan Enerbility Co., Ltd. | Turbine blade and turbine including the same |
| WO2023211485A2 (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2023-11-02 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Gas turbine engine article with cooling holes for mitigating recession |
| CN116085117A (zh) * | 2023-04-10 | 2023-05-09 | 清华大学 | 导向结构 |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4263842A (en) * | 1978-08-02 | 1981-04-28 | Moore Robert D | Adjustable louver assembly |
| GB8830152D0 (en) * | 1988-12-23 | 1989-09-20 | Rolls Royce Plc | Cooled turbomachinery components |
| US5326224A (en) * | 1991-03-01 | 1994-07-05 | General Electric Company | Cooling hole arrangements in jet engine components exposed to hot gas flow |
| US6092982A (en) * | 1996-05-28 | 2000-07-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Cooling system for a main body used in a gas stream |
| JPH1054203A (ja) * | 1996-05-28 | 1998-02-24 | Toshiba Corp | 構造要素 |
| JP2810023B2 (ja) * | 1996-09-18 | 1998-10-15 | 株式会社東芝 | 高温部材冷却装置 |
| US6164913A (en) * | 1999-07-26 | 2000-12-26 | General Electric Company | Dust resistant airfoil cooling |
| US6234755B1 (en) * | 1999-10-04 | 2001-05-22 | General Electric Company | Method for improving the cooling effectiveness of a gaseous coolant stream, and related articles of manufacture |
| GB2381489B (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2004-11-17 | Rolls Royce Plc | Method of forming a shaped hole |
| JP3997986B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-19 | 2007-10-24 | 株式会社Ihi | 冷却タービン部品、及び冷却タービン翼 |
| US7328580B2 (en) * | 2004-06-23 | 2008-02-12 | General Electric Company | Chevron film cooled wall |
| GB0424593D0 (en) * | 2004-11-06 | 2004-12-08 | Rolls Royce Plc | A component having a film cooling arrangement |
| JP4752841B2 (ja) * | 2005-11-01 | 2011-08-17 | 株式会社Ihi | タービン部品 |
| US20080003096A1 (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2008-01-03 | United Technologies Corporation | High coverage cooling hole shape |
| US7563073B1 (en) * | 2006-10-10 | 2009-07-21 | Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. | Turbine blade with film cooling slot |
| JP2008248733A (ja) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-16 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | ガスタービン用高温部材 |
| JP2008095697A (ja) * | 2007-11-22 | 2008-04-24 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | ガスタービンの冷却構造 |
| US7997868B1 (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2011-08-16 | Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. | Film cooling hole for turbine airfoil |
-
2009
- 2009-10-28 US US12/607,586 patent/US20110097191A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2010
- 2010-08-18 DE DE102010037050A patent/DE102010037050A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-08-20 JP JP2010184516A patent/JP5738555B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-08-23 CH CH01344/10A patent/CH702107B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-08-27 CN CN201010272834.XA patent/CN102052092B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20110097191A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
| CH702107A2 (de) | 2011-04-29 |
| CN102052092A (zh) | 2011-05-11 |
| JP2011094609A (ja) | 2011-05-12 |
| CH702107B1 (de) | 2015-07-15 |
| DE102010037050A1 (de) | 2011-05-05 |
| CN102052092B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5738555B2 (ja) | 非対称シェブロンフィルム孔を使用して翼形部表面を冷却するための方法及び構造 | |
| EP2131108B1 (en) | Counter-vortex film cooling hole design | |
| US8057179B1 (en) | Film cooling hole for turbine airfoil | |
| US8245519B1 (en) | Laser shaped film cooling hole | |
| US8066484B1 (en) | Film cooling hole for a turbine airfoil | |
| US11525361B2 (en) | Wall of a hot gas component and hot gas component comprising a wall | |
| US8057180B1 (en) | Shaped film cooling hole for turbine airfoil | |
| EP2592229B1 (en) | Film hole trench | |
| US8690538B2 (en) | Leading edge cooling using chevron trip strips | |
| EP1262631B1 (en) | Film cooled blade or vane | |
| CN102042042B (zh) | 改善膜冷却的结构及方法 | |
| CN106593543B (zh) | 一种用于涡轮叶片的拱型凹槽气膜冷却结构 | |
| US8814500B1 (en) | Turbine airfoil with shaped film cooling hole | |
| CN106437863A (zh) | 涡轮发动机部件 | |
| CA2042266A1 (en) | Curved film cooling holes for gas turbine engine vanes | |
| US20090304494A1 (en) | Counter-vortex paired film cooling hole design | |
| US8961136B1 (en) | Turbine airfoil with film cooling hole | |
| US8061989B1 (en) | Turbine blade with near wall cooling | |
| US20110052387A1 (en) | Non-axisymmetric airfoil platform shaping | |
| KR101875683B1 (ko) | 막냉각효율 향상을 위한 분절된 멀티캐비티 요철 내 냉각유로 삽입 및 림 충돌제트 냉각방식을 적용한 가스터빈 블레이드 | |
| US10352174B2 (en) | Film-cooled gas turbine component | |
| JP6843253B2 (ja) | ガスタービンのための高温ガス部及び対応する高温ガス部の壁 | |
| US8591191B1 (en) | Film cooling hole for turbine airfoil | |
| US9644903B1 (en) | Shaped recess flow control | |
| CN207245863U (zh) | 一种改善冷却效果的新结构 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20130813 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20140313 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20140325 |
|
| A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20140625 |
|
| A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20140630 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20140725 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20150203 |
|
| A521 | Written amendment |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20150303 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20150324 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20150422 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 5738555 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |