JP5908531B2 - Deposition status survey device - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、河川等の水路の底への金属の沈着状況を調査するための装置に関する。 The present invention relates to an apparatus for investigating the state of metal deposition on the bottom of a channel such as a river.
河川において、その底部が黒く見える現象がしばしば報告されている。その理由としては、フミン酸やフルボ酸の影響、流入土砂に由来する懸濁物質の影響等も考えられるが、河川水に含まれる金属成分が酸化物質を形成して河川の底部（例えば川床の石）に沈着している可能性が高い。一般に、底部における呈色現象は流水に含まれる金属成分に基づく。この金属成分は、例えば、河川水中に含まれるマンガン等である。このような金属成分は上流の工業施設やダム等に由来する可能性があるため、呈色現象の有無を調べることは非常に重要である。 In rivers, the phenomenon that the bottom of the river appears black is often reported. Reasons for this include the effects of humic acid and fulvic acid, and suspended solids derived from inflowing sediments. There is a high possibility that it is deposited on the stone. In general, the coloring phenomenon at the bottom is based on a metal component contained in running water. This metal component is, for example, manganese contained in river water. Since such metal components may be derived from upstream industrial facilities, dams, etc., it is very important to examine the presence or absence of a color phenomenon.
しかしながら、いったん底部に付着した金属成分はそのまま定着（沈着）することが一般的である。したがって、呈色した水底を見ても、その金属成分が過去に付着したものなのか、それとも現在付着中のものなのかを判断することは難しい。 However, the metal component once adhered to the bottom is generally fixed (deposited) as it is. Therefore, even when looking at the colored water bottom, it is difficult to determine whether the metal component is attached in the past or is currently attached.
従来、河川の川床への酸化金属類の沈着調査は、川床の石を採取して付着状況の調査および酸化細菌の検出を行っていた。酸化細菌の検出方法としては、例えば、試料中の細菌に対して外因子を与え、細菌の内部に寄生しているバクテリオファージを発現させ、発現したバクテリオファージにより産生物を産生し、この産生物を検出する方法が知られていた（特許文献１）。 Conventionally, the deposition of metal oxides on riverbeds in rivers was conducted by collecting stones from riverbeds and investigating their adhesion and detecting oxidized bacteria. As a method for detecting oxidized bacteria, for example, an external factor is given to the bacteria in the sample, bacteriophage parasitic on the inside of the bacteria is expressed, and a product is produced by the expressed bacteriophage. There has been known a method of detecting (Patent Document 1).
ところが、この手法には問題点がある。前述のように、川床の石に沈着した金属は基本的にその後も沈着したままであるから、単に試料を分析するだけでは、その沈着が過去に起きたものなのか、それとも最近起きたものなのかを判断することができない。つまり、金属の沈着時期を特定することが難しい。 However, this method has a problem. As mentioned above, the metal deposited on the stones in the riverbed basically remains deposited after that, so simply analyzing the sample may have occurred in the past or recently. I can't judge. That is, it is difficult to specify the metal deposition time.
本発明はこのような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、現在起きている河川等の水路の底への金属の沈着状況を精度良く調査するための装置を提供することにある。 This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, and is providing the apparatus for investigating the metal deposition condition to the bottom of waterways, such as a river currently taking place, with sufficient accuracy.
前述の目的を達成するための本発明の一つは、水路の底における金属の沈着状況を調査するための装置であって、前記水路を流れる水が上端開口から流入し、流入した水を貯留する貯水槽と、前記貯水槽と連通する連通部を備え、前記連通部を介して前記貯水槽から水が流入するとともに、上端開口から水が排出される試験槽と、金属が付着する素材で表面が構成され、前記試験槽の内部に配置されて当該試験槽を流通する水に浸漬される板状の試験部材とを備え、前記貯水槽の上端開口の高さは前記試験槽の上端開口の高さよりも高く設定され、前記連通部は、前記試験槽の上端開口の高さよりも低い位置に設けられていることを特徴とする。 One aspect of the present invention for achieving the above-described object is an apparatus for investigating the state of metal deposition at the bottom of a water channel, wherein water flowing through the water channel flows in from an upper end opening and stores the water that has flowed in. A water storage tank, a communication part communicating with the water storage tank, a test tank in which water flows from the water storage tank through the communication part and water is discharged from the upper end opening, and a material to which metal adheres. And a plate-shaped test member that is disposed inside the test tank and is immersed in water flowing through the test tank, and the height of the upper end opening of the water storage tank is the upper end opening of the test tank. The communication portion is provided at a position lower than the height of the upper end opening of the test tank.
本発明の装置によれば、水路の水は貯水槽を経て試験槽に貯留されるので、試験槽の内部に浸漬された試験部材の表面には、水路の水に含まれる金属成分が付着される。したがって、この試験部材の表面を顕微鏡で観察したり成分分析を行ったりすることで、付着された金属の種類や量を求め、これにより現在の金属の沈着状況を推定することができる。このように、本発明の装置によれば、現在起きている河川等の水路の底への金属の沈着状況を正確に調査することができる。 According to the apparatus of the present invention, since the water in the water channel is stored in the test tank through the water storage tank, the metal component contained in the water in the water channel is attached to the surface of the test member immersed in the test tank. The Therefore, by observing the surface of the test member with a microscope or performing component analysis, the type and amount of the attached metal can be obtained, and thereby the current metal deposition state can be estimated. Thus, according to the apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to accurately investigate the metal deposition state on the bottom of a water channel such as a river that is currently occurring.
また、本発明の装置は前記のように、貯水槽の上端開口の高さが試験槽の上端開口の高さよりも高く設定されているので、貯水槽及び試験槽が満水になると両槽に所定の水頭差が生じ、貯水槽から試験槽には一定量の水が流れるようになる。したがって、本発明によれば、水路の流量の変化に関係なく、例えば季節、天候、調査位置の違い等に関係なく、常に一定流量の水に基づく金属の沈着状況を調査することができる。これにより、現在の金属の沈着状況を客観的かつ正確に調査することができる。 In addition, as described above, since the height of the upper end opening of the water storage tank is set higher than the height of the upper end opening of the test tank, the apparatus of the present invention is predetermined in both tanks when the water storage tank and the test tank are full. As a result, a certain amount of water flows from the storage tank to the test tank. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to always investigate the metal deposition state based on water having a constant flow rate regardless of changes in the flow rate of the water channel, regardless of, for example, the season, the weather, the difference in the survey position, or the like. Thereby, the present metal deposition situation can be investigated objectively and accurately.
また、本発明の他の一つは、前記試験槽の内部に入射される外光を遮る遮光部材を備えることを特徴とする。 In addition, another aspect of the present invention is characterized by including a light blocking member that blocks external light incident on the inside of the test chamber.
試験槽の内部に入射される外光を遮る遮光部材を備えることにより、試験部材に藻類等が付着することを防ぐことができる。試験部材に藻類が付着していると、藻類と金属との区別が付きにくくなり、金属の付着状況を正確に判定できなくなるおそれがある。そこで遮光部材を設けておくことにより、付着した金属の種類やその量を正確に判定することができる。 By providing a light blocking member that blocks external light incident on the inside of the test tank, it is possible to prevent algae and the like from adhering to the test member. If algae is attached to the test member, it becomes difficult to distinguish between algae and metal, and there is a possibility that the state of metal attachment cannot be accurately determined. Therefore, by providing a light shielding member, it is possible to accurately determine the type and amount of attached metal.
また、本発明の他の一つは、前記貯水槽は、前記水路から流れてくる水に含まれる夾雑物を取り除く夾雑物除去部を備えることを特徴とする。 Another aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the water storage tank includes a contaminant removal unit that removes contaminants contained in water flowing from the water channel.
夾雑物を取り除く夾雑物除去部を備えているので、夾雑物が試験部材に付着して金属の種類やその量を判定する妨げになることを防ぐことができる。 Since the foreign matter removing unit for removing the foreign matter is provided, it is possible to prevent the foreign matter from adhering to the test member and hindering the determination of the type and amount of the metal.
また、本発明の他の一つは、前記試験部材は光透過性を有する光透過性素材からなることを特徴とする。 Another aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the test member is made of a light transmissive material having light transmissive properties.
本発明によれば、試験部材に付着した金属を視覚的に観察する場合、その付着金属を容易に発見することができる。これにより、付着金属の種類やその量を容易に推定することができる。 According to the present invention, when the metal adhering to the test member is visually observed, the adhering metal can be easily found. Thereby, the kind of adhesion metal and its quantity can be estimated easily.
本発明によれば、河川等の水路の底への金属の沈着状況を正確に調査することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the metal deposition condition to the bottom of waterways, such as a river, can be investigated correctly.
＜構成＞
図１、２は、本実施形態に係る沈着状況調査装置１０の構成を説明する図である。図１、２に示すように、沈着状況調査装置１０は、河川等の水路から分岐された取水路３の放水口４付近に設けられる。水路は、例えば、その底が黒色を呈しているような河川である。沈着状況調査装置には、そのような水路の水が流れている取水路３からの水が流入する。
<Configuration>
1 and 2 are diagrams for explaining the configuration of the deposition status investigation device 10 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the deposition status investigation device 10 is provided in the vicinity of the water outlet 4 of the intake channel 3 branched from a water channel such as a river. The water channel is, for example, a river whose bottom is black. Water from the intake channel 3 through which the water in such a channel flows flows into the deposition status investigation device.
同図に示すように、沈着状況調査装置１０は、貯水槽２０と、貯水槽２０と連通する試験槽３０とを含んで構成されている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the deposition status investigation device 10 includes a water tank 20 and a test tank 30 that communicates with the water tank 20.
貯水槽２０は、その上端が開口した直方体形状の水槽であり、例えば樹脂板やコーティングが施された金属板で作製される。この貯水槽２０の上端開口２４には、取水路３から放出された水が流入される。 The water storage tank 20 is a rectangular parallelepiped water tank whose upper end is opened, and is made of, for example, a resin plate or a metal plate with a coating. Water discharged from the intake channel 3 flows into the upper end opening 24 of the water storage tank 20.
試験槽３０もまた、その上端が開口した直方体形状の水槽であり、貯水槽２０の側面２２を外側から囲むように設けられている。試験槽３０の全高は、貯水槽２０の全高よりも小さい。そして、図２にも示すように、試験槽３０の底面３１は、貯水槽２０の底面２３よりも符号Ｈで示す高さだけ上方の位置に設けられている。一方で、試験槽３０の上端開口３２の高さは、貯水槽の上端開口２４の高さよりも符号ｈで示す高さだけ下方の位置に設けられている。この符号ｈで示す高さが、満水時における水頭差に相当する。 The test tank 30 is also a rectangular parallelepiped water tank whose upper end is opened, and is provided so as to surround the side surface 22 of the water storage tank 20 from the outside. The total height of the test tank 30 is smaller than the total height of the water storage tank 20. As shown also in FIG. 2, the bottom surface 31 of the test tank 30 is provided at a position above the bottom surface 23 of the water storage tank 20 by a height indicated by a symbol H. On the other hand, the height of the upper end opening 32 of the test tank 30 is provided at a position lower than the height of the upper end opening 24 of the water storage tank by the height indicated by the symbol h. The height indicated by the symbol h corresponds to the water head difference when the water is full.
図１に示すように、貯水槽２０の側面２２には開口３４が設けられている。この開口３４は、連通部に相当する部分であり、貯水槽２０と試験槽３０とを連通する。この開口３４を通じて、取水路３からの水は、貯水槽２０から試験槽３０へと流入される。 As shown in FIG. 1, an opening 34 is provided in the side surface 22 of the water tank 20. The opening 34 is a portion corresponding to a communication part, and communicates the water storage tank 20 and the test tank 30. Through this opening 34, the water from the intake channel 3 flows from the water storage tank 20 into the test tank 30.
開口３４は横長矩形状をしており、その開口下縁３４ａは、底面３１と同じ高さか、多少高い位置に形成されている。一方、開口上縁３４ｂは、試験槽３０の上端開口３２よりも低い位置に形成され、この開口上縁３４ｂには流路区画部材３５が取り付けられている。この流路区画部材３５は、断面コ字状の部材であり、鉤括弧状に屈曲した流路を区画する。このため、流路区画部材３５の片側半部は貯水槽２０側に、残りの半部は試験槽３０側に配置されている。 The opening 34 has a horizontally long rectangular shape, and the lower edge 34 a of the opening is formed at the same height as the bottom surface 31 or at a slightly higher position. On the other hand, the opening upper edge 34b is formed at a position lower than the upper end opening 32 of the test tank 30, and a flow path partition member 35 is attached to the opening upper edge 34b. The flow path partition member 35 is a member having a U-shaped cross section, and partitions a flow path bent in a bracket shape. For this reason, one half of the flow path partition member 35 is disposed on the water storage tank 20 side, and the remaining half is disposed on the test tank 30 side.
また、試験槽３０内には、試験部材ホルダー４０が設けられている。試験部材ホルダー４０は、底面３１に立設された支持部材４３によって、試験槽３０内における高さ方向の中間位置に位置付けられている。言い換えれば、試験部材ホルダー４０の上端高さは、少なくとも試験槽３０の上端開口３２よりも低く定められている。さらに、試験部材ホルダー４０は、その内部に収容空間４１を有しており、収容空間４１内には試験部材４２が収容される。 A test member holder 40 is provided in the test tank 30. The test member holder 40 is positioned at an intermediate position in the height direction in the test tank 30 by a support member 43 erected on the bottom surface 31. In other words, the upper end height of the test member holder 40 is set to be lower than at least the upper end opening 32 of the test tank 30. Further, the test member holder 40 has an accommodation space 41 inside, and the test member 42 is accommodated in the accommodation space 41.
試験部材ホルダー４０の表面の各所には不図示の開口、具体的には、試験部材４２よりもサイズの小さい開口が設けられている。この開口を通じて収容空間４１には、試験槽３０に貯留された水が流通する。また、試験部材ホルダー４０は、図示しない開閉機構を備え、この開閉機構により試験部材４２は試験部材ホルダー４０から自由に出し入れが可能となっている。 An opening (not shown), specifically, an opening smaller in size than the test member 42 is provided at various locations on the surface of the test member holder 40. Through this opening, water stored in the test tank 30 flows through the accommodation space 41. Further, the test member holder 40 includes an opening / closing mechanism (not shown), and the opening / closing mechanism allows the test member 42 to be freely inserted and removed from the test member holder 40.
なお、図３に試験部材４２の構造を示した。同図に示すように、試験部材４２は長方形をした板状部材であり、表面が金属成分（酸化金属類等）を付着する性質を備える素材で作製されている。この試験部材４２は、例えば、ポリエチレン、アルミナ、ガラス、アクリル等といった素材からなる。 FIG. 3 shows the structure of the test member 42. As shown in the figure, the test member 42 is a rectangular plate-like member, and the surface is made of a material having a property of attaching a metal component (metal oxides or the like). The test member 42 is made of a material such as polyethylene, alumina, glass, acrylic, or the like.
図２に示すように、貯水槽２０には遮光部材４５が設けられている。遮光部材４５は、２つの平板４５ａ、４５ｂを鉤括弧状に組み合わせてなる部材である。平板４５ａは貯水槽２０の側面２２における、上端開口３２よりも上方の位置に、側方へ向けて取り付けられている。このとき平板４５ｂは、下方に向けて取り付けられる。遮光部材４５は、例えば着色加工を施したポリエステル等の遮光性を有する素材からなり、上方から入射してくる外来光（太陽光等）を平板４５ａ、及び平板４５ｂによって遮る。 As shown in FIG. 2, the water tank 20 is provided with a light shielding member 45. The light shielding member 45 is a member formed by combining two flat plates 45a and 45b in a bracket shape. The flat plate 45 a is attached to the side surface 22 of the water storage tank 20 at a position above the upper end opening 32 toward the side. At this time, the flat plate 45b is attached downward. The light shielding member 45 is made of, for example, a material having light shielding properties such as colored polyester, and shields extraneous light (sunlight or the like) incident from above by the flat plate 45a and the flat plate 45b.
一方、貯水槽２０の側面２１には、夾雑物蓄積容器４６が取り付けられている。夾雑物蓄積容器４６は、その上面が開口した直方体形状の容器である。また、貯水槽２０の上方には、平板状の部材であるフィルタ４７が取り付けられている。フィルタ４７は傾斜を付けた状態で取り付けられており、その一辺４７ａは側面２１の上辺に固定され、他方の辺４７ｂは、側面２２の上辺に立設された柱部材２５の上端に支持されている。これによりフィルタ４７の傾斜面（上面）は、放水口４に向けて斜めに固定されている。なお、フィルタ４７としては樹脂製の網材が用いられる。 On the other hand, a foreign matter storage container 46 is attached to the side surface 21 of the water tank 20. The foreign matter accumulation container 46 is a rectangular parallelepiped container having an upper surface opened. A filter 47 that is a flat plate-like member is attached above the water tank 20. The filter 47 is attached in an inclined state, and its one side 47 a is fixed to the upper side of the side surface 21, and the other side 47 b is supported by the upper end of the column member 25 erected on the upper side of the side surface 22. Yes. Thereby, the inclined surface (upper surface) of the filter 47 is fixed obliquely toward the water outlet 4. As the filter 47, a resin net material is used.
＜使用方法＞
次に、沈着状況調査装置１０の使用方法について、沈着状況調査装置１０における水の流れを示した図４を参照しつつ説明する。
<How to use>
Next, a method of using the deposition status survey device 10 will be described with reference to FIG. 4 showing the flow of water in the deposition status survey device 10.
同図に示すように、貯水槽２０の上端開口２４には、放水口４から排出された水５が流入される。貯水槽２０の上部に設けられたフィルタ４７は、水５は通すが、水５と共に落下してくる夾雑物６は通さず、この夾雑物６はフィルタ４７の傾斜面を辿って夾雑物蓄積容器４６に落下して蓄積される。 As shown in the figure, the water 5 discharged from the water outlet 4 flows into the upper end opening 24 of the water storage tank 20. The filter 47 provided in the upper part of the water storage tank 20 allows the water 5 to pass through, but does not allow the contaminants 6 falling along with the water 5 to pass through. The contaminants 6 follow the inclined surface of the filter 47 to store the contaminants. It falls to 46 and is accumulated.
水５の流入により貯水槽２０の水量が増加し、やがてその水位が試験槽３０の底面３１の高さを超えると、貯水槽２０の水は開口３４を通じて試験槽３０に流入する。そして、試験槽３０の水位が試験槽３０の上端開口３２の高さを超えると、水は、上端開口３２から越流して排出され、試験槽３０の周囲の空間４８を落下する。排出された水は所定の排水路に導かれる。 When the amount of water in the water storage tank 20 increases due to the inflow of water 5 and the water level eventually exceeds the height of the bottom surface 31 of the test tank 30, the water in the water storage tank 20 flows into the test tank 30 through the opening 34. When the water level of the test tank 30 exceeds the height of the upper end opening 32 of the test tank 30, the water overflows from the upper end opening 32 and is discharged, and falls in the space 48 around the test tank 30. The discharged water is guided to a predetermined drainage channel.
ところで、貯水槽２０には随時、取水路３から水が流入しているが、この流入した水の全量が試験槽３０に流入するわけではない。これは、貯水槽２０と試験槽３０の間に設けられた流路区画部材３５によって、貯水槽２０から試験槽３０に流入する水の量が規制されているためである。すなわち、試験槽３０に流入する量よりも多くの量の水が貯水槽２０に流入すると、貯水槽２０の上端開口２４からも水が溢れることになる。 By the way, although water is flowing into the water storage tank 20 from the intake channel 3 at any time, the total amount of the water that flows in does not necessarily flow into the test tank 30. This is because the amount of water flowing from the water storage tank 20 into the test tank 30 is regulated by the flow path partition member 35 provided between the water storage tank 20 and the test tank 30. That is, when a larger amount of water flows into the water storage tank 20 than the amount flowing into the test tank 30, the water also overflows from the upper end opening 24 of the water storage tank 20.
そして、貯水槽２０及び試験槽３０の双方が満水となると、貯水槽２０の水の水圧と試験槽３０の水の水圧との間には一定の水頭差ｈが生じ、これにより、貯水槽２０から試験槽３０には水頭差ｈに基づく一定量の水が流れるようになる。これにより、試験部材ホルダー４０内の試験部材４２は、常に貯水槽２０からの一定量の水流を受け続けることになる。言い換えれば、試験槽３０に流入する量よりも多くの量の水を貯水槽２０に流入させることで、一定流量の水を試験部材４２に接触させることができる。このような状態に達したら、所定期間（例えば１時間）、待機する。 When both the water tank 20 and the test tank 30 are full, a certain water head difference h occurs between the water pressure of the water in the water tank 20 and the water pressure of the water in the test tank 30. Thus, a certain amount of water flows through the test tank 30 based on the water head difference h. As a result, the test member 42 in the test member holder 40 always receives a certain amount of water flow from the water tank 20. In other words, a constant amount of water can be brought into contact with the test member 42 by flowing a larger amount of water into the water storage tank 20 than the amount flowing into the test tank 30. When such a state is reached, it waits for a predetermined period (for example, 1 hour).
所定期間経過後、沈着状況調査装置１０を他所に移動させ、試験部材ホルダー４０から、収容されていた試験部材４２を取り出す。そして、取り出した試験部材４２の表面に金属が付着しているか否かを確認する（例えば光学顕微鏡で観察する）。もし金属の付着が確認できた場合、その金属は、水路の水に含まれる金属に由来し、その金属は、水路の底部における呈色原因になっていると考えられる。そこで、その付着した金属の種類やその付着量を確認することで、水路の底部の着色が現在進行していることなのか、また、着色がどの程度の速さで進行しているのか等を推定することができる。 After a predetermined period of time, the deposition state investigation device 10 is moved to another place, and the stored test member 42 is taken out from the test member holder 40. And it is confirmed whether the metal has adhered to the surface of the taken-out test member 42 (for example, observe with an optical microscope). If adhesion of the metal is confirmed, the metal is derived from a metal contained in the water of the water channel, and the metal is considered to be a cause of coloration at the bottom of the water channel. Therefore, by confirming the type of metal attached and the amount of the attached metal, it is possible to determine whether the coloring of the bottom of the water channel is currently progressing and how fast the coloring is proceeding. Can be estimated.
このように、本実施形態の沈着状況調査装置１０によれば、当該沈着状況調査装置１０に設けられた試験部材４２に付着した金属の種類や付着量を求めることで、水路の底における現在の金属の沈着状況を容易に推定することができる。 As described above, according to the deposition status investigation device 10 of the present embodiment, the current type at the bottom of the water channel is obtained by obtaining the type and amount of metal adhered to the test member 42 provided in the deposition status assessment device 10. The metal deposition state can be easily estimated.
また、本実施形態の沈着状況調査装置１０は、貯水槽２０の上端開口２４の高さが試験槽３０の上端開口３２の高さよりも高く設定されているので、貯水槽２０及び試験槽３０が満水になると貯水槽２０及び試験槽３０の間には所定の水頭差ｈが生じ、貯水槽２０から試験槽３０には一定量の水が流れるようになる。したがって、本実施形態の沈着状況調査装置１０によれば、水路（河川等）の流量の変化に関係なく、例えば季節、天候、調査位置の違い等に関係なく、一定流量の水に基づく金属の沈着状況を調査することができる。これにより、水路における現在の金属の沈着状況を客観的かつ正確に調査することができる。 Moreover, since the height of the upper end opening 24 of the water storage tank 20 is set higher than the height of the upper end opening 32 of the test tank 30, the deposition state investigation apparatus 10 of this embodiment has the water storage tank 20 and the test tank 30. When the water is full, a predetermined water head difference h is generated between the water storage tank 20 and the test tank 30, and a certain amount of water flows from the water storage tank 20 to the test tank 30. Therefore, according to the deposition status survey device 10 of the present embodiment, regardless of changes in the flow rate of water channels (rivers, etc.), for example, regardless of the season, weather, survey position, etc. The deposition status can be investigated. This makes it possible to investigate the current metal deposition situation in the waterway objectively and accurately.
また、本実施形態の沈着状況調査装置１０は、試験槽３０の内部に入射される外光を遮る遮光部材４５を備えていることにより、試験部材４２に藻類等が付着することを防ぐことができる。試験部材４２に藻類が付着していると、藻類と金属との区別が付きにくくなり、金属の付着状況を正確に判定できなくなるおそれがある。そこで遮光部材４５を設けておくことにより、付着した金属の種類やその量を正確に判定することができる。 In addition, the deposition status investigation device 10 of the present embodiment includes a light shielding member 45 that blocks external light incident on the inside of the test tank 30, thereby preventing algae and the like from adhering to the test member 42. it can. If algae are attached to the test member 42, it becomes difficult to distinguish between algae and metal, and there is a possibility that the state of metal attachment cannot be accurately determined. Therefore, by providing the light shielding member 45, the type and amount of the attached metal can be accurately determined.
また、水路から流れてくる水に含まれる夾雑物６を取り除くフィルタ４７を備えているので、夾雑物６が試験部材４２に付着し、付着した夾雑物６が金属の種類やその量を判定する妨げになることを防ぐことができる。 Moreover, since the filter 47 which removes the contaminant 6 contained in the water which flows from a water channel is provided, the contaminant 6 adheres to the test member 42, and the adhered contaminant 6 determines the kind and amount of metal. It can prevent obstruction.
＜＜素材比較試験＞＞
前述のように、沈着状況調査装置１０における試験部材４２には、ガラス、アクリル等、様々な素材のものを使用することが考えられるが、どのような素材のものが沈着状況の調査に適しているかを検証するため、以下のような試験（以下、素材比較試験という）を行った。この素材比較試験では、素材の異なる複数種類の試験部材を準備し、各試験部材を河川に浸漬させてその呈色状況や、試験部材に付着した物質の元素分析を行った。
<< Material comparison test >>
As described above, it is conceivable to use various materials such as glass and acrylic as the test member 42 in the deposition status investigation device 10, but any material is suitable for investigating the deposition status. In order to verify whether this is the case, the following tests (hereinafter referred to as material comparison tests) were performed. In this material comparison test, a plurality of types of test members of different materials were prepared, and each test member was immersed in a river, and the coloration state and elemental analysis of substances attached to the test member were performed.
図５は、試験装置５０の構成を説明する図である。具体的には、（ａ）は試験装置５０の斜視図、（ｂ）は試験装置の側面図、（ｃ）は試験装置の平面図である。 FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the test apparatus 50. Specifically, (a) is a perspective view of the test apparatus 50, (b) is a side view of the test apparatus, and (c) is a plan view of the test apparatus.
同図に示すように、試験装置５０は、試験容器５１と、試験容器５１に収容される矩形板状の試験部材５２とからなる。 As shown in the figure, the test apparatus 50 includes a test container 51 and a rectangular plate-shaped test member 52 accommodated in the test container 51.
試験容器５１は、底面部材５３、周壁部材５４、一対の柱部材５５（５５ａ、５５ｂ）、及び上枠部材５６を含んで構成されている。このうち底面部材５３は横長矩形の平板状部材であり、その上面には、複数の試験部材５２が板厚方向に並べられた状態で立設されている。 The test container 51 includes a bottom surface member 53, a peripheral wall member 54, a pair of column members 55 (55a, 55b), and an upper frame member 56. Of these, the bottom member 53 is a horizontally-long rectangular plate-like member, and a plurality of test members 52 are erected on the top surface in a state in which they are arranged in the plate thickness direction.
周壁部材５４は、底面部材５３の周縁に沿って立設された部材であり、底面部材５３に立設された試験部材５２を側方から支持する。なお、周壁部材５４を構成する周壁のうち、底面部材５３の長手方向（Ｘ軸方向）の部分である一対の壁部５４ａ、５４ｂの下部には、一対の開口部５７（５７ａ、５７ｂ）が設けられている。一方、底面部材５３の短手方向（Ｙ軸方向）の部分である一対の壁部５４ｃ、５４ｄの上端には一対の柱部材５５（５５ａ、５５ｂ）が立設されている。 The peripheral wall member 54 is a member erected along the periphery of the bottom surface member 53, and supports the test member 52 erected on the bottom surface member 53 from the side. A pair of opening portions 57 (57a, 57b) are formed below the pair of wall portions 54a, 54b, which are portions in the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) of the bottom surface member 53 among the peripheral walls constituting the peripheral wall member 54. Is provided. On the other hand, a pair of column members 55 (55a, 55b) are erected on the upper ends of the pair of wall portions 54c, 54d, which are portions of the bottom surface member 53 in the short direction (Y-axis direction).
上枠部材５６は、柱部材５５の上面に支持された枠型の部材であり、その枠の大きさは、周壁部材５４の周の大きさと略一致させてある。図５（ｃ）に示すように、この上枠部材５６の長手方向の枠部５６ａ、５６ｂには、相対する２つの凹部５８が形成され複数の嵌合構造５９を構成している。各凹部５８は、長手方向の枠部５６ａ、５６ｂの内側の面に沿って設けられている。凹部５８の形状は、試験部材５２の端部の形状と略一致させており、この一対の凹部５８と、試験部材５２の端部５２ａとの位置をあわせて、試験部材５２を上方から挿入することで、試験部材５２は、試験容器５１に固定された状態で立設される。 The upper frame member 56 is a frame-type member supported on the upper surface of the column member 55, and the size of the frame is substantially matched with the size of the circumference of the peripheral wall member 54. As shown in FIG. 5C, the frame portions 56 a and 56 b in the longitudinal direction of the upper frame member 56 are formed with two opposing concave portions 58 to form a plurality of fitting structures 59. Each recessed part 58 is provided along the inner surface of the frame parts 56a and 56b in the longitudinal direction. The shape of the recess 58 is substantially the same as the shape of the end of the test member 52, and the test member 52 is inserted from above by aligning the positions of the pair of recesses 58 and the end 52a of the test member 52. Thus, the test member 52 is erected while being fixed to the test container 51.
なお、この試験容器５１には、把持部６１が取り付けられている。把持部６１は試験容器５１の上方に設けられており、把持部６１の下端６１ａは柱部材５５に取り付けられている。 Note that a grip 61 is attached to the test container 51. The grip part 61 is provided above the test container 51, and the lower end 61 a of the grip part 61 is attached to the column member 55.
＜試験方法＞
次に、試験方法について説明する。図６に、素材比較試験の試験条件をまとめた図を示した。同図に示すように、この素材比較試験では、試験部材５２として、ガラス、アクリル、アルミナ、及びポリエチレンの長方形板材を用いた。試験部材５２の寸法は、いずれの場合も、縦２６ｍｍ×横７６ｍｍ×厚さ２〜３ｍｍの長方形板材とした。また、後述するように、試験期間（浸漬期間）は約１ヶ月とした。
<Test method>
Next, the test method will be described. FIG. 6 shows a summary of the test conditions for the material comparison test. As shown in the figure, in this material comparison test, a rectangular plate made of glass, acrylic, alumina, and polyethylene was used as the test member 52. In any case, the test member 52 was a rectangular plate having a length of 26 mm, a width of 76 mm, and a thickness of 2 to 3 mm. As will be described later, the test period (immersion period) was about 1 month.
素材比較試験においては、試験装置５０を以下のように用いた。図７に示すように、試験装置５０の把持部６１に吊設部材６２（例えば針金）の一端を巻き付けて試験装置５０を吊り下げ、その状態で、当該試験装置５０を河川８の川床に沈めた。 In the material comparison test, the test apparatus 50 was used as follows. As shown in FIG. 7, one end of a suspension member 62 (for example, a wire) is wound around the grip 61 of the test apparatus 50 to suspend the test apparatus 50, and in this state, the test apparatus 50 is submerged in the river bed of the river 8. It was.
図８は川床に沈めた試験装置５０の様子を説明する図である。同図に示すように、河川の川床６３に沈めた試験装置５０に対しては、上流からの水流９が流れてくる。試験部材５２の表面には、この水流９中に含まれる金属成分（酸化金属類等）が付着していく。このような状態で試験装置を約１ヶ月放置した。なお、吊設部材６２の他端は河岸の所定位置に固定しておき、試験装置５０が流されないようにしておいた。そして、試験装置５０を沈めてから１ヶ月後、当該試験装置５０を河川８から引き上げ、試験部材５２の表面観察及び分析を行った。 FIG. 8 is a view for explaining the state of the test apparatus 50 submerged in the riverbed. As shown in the figure, an upstream water stream 9 flows to the test apparatus 50 submerged in the river bed 63 of the river. Metal components (metal oxides and the like) contained in the water flow 9 adhere to the surface of the test member 52. In this state, the test apparatus was left for about one month. The other end of the suspension member 62 was fixed at a predetermined position on the river bank so that the test apparatus 50 was not flowed. Then, one month after the test apparatus 50 was sunk, the test apparatus 50 was pulled up from the river 8 and the surface of the test member 52 was observed and analyzed.
図９は、試験部材５２の観察、分析方法を説明する図である。同図に示すように、光学顕微鏡により、ガラス、アクリル、ポリエチレン、アルミナの試験部材５２の表面を観察した。また、アルミナの試験部材５２については、ＥＤＳ（Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy）による表面分析を行った。 FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a method for observing and analyzing the test member 52. As shown in the figure, the surface of the test member 52 made of glass, acrylic, polyethylene, or alumina was observed with an optical microscope. The alumina test member 52 was subjected to surface analysis by EDS (Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy).
なお、アルミナの試験部材５２に対してＥＤＳを用いたのは、アルミナが電子線に強い性質を有しているためである。さらに、河川の流水には表面分析の妨げとなる藻類等の生物類が浮遊している可能性があるところ、これらの生物類にはアルミニウムがほとんど含まれていない。そのため、アルミナの試験部材５２を用いて観察しても、生物類の有無の判断に支障が少ないからである。 The reason why EDS is used for the alumina test member 52 is that alumina has a strong property against electron beams. Furthermore, there is a possibility that algae and other organisms that hinder surface analysis may float in the river water, but these organisms contain almost no aluminum. Therefore, even if it observes using the test member 52 of an alumina, there are few obstacles in judgment of the presence or absence of organisms.
また、アルミナの他にはガラスも電子線に強いが、ガラスはケイ素、ナトリウム、カルシウムを主成分とするため、これらの成分と、生物由来のケイ素、ナトリウム、カルシウムとの区別が付きにくい。この点においてアルミナは、ＥＤＳ分析に適しているといえる。また、電子線に強いアルミナの試験部材５２の場合はＳＥＭ（Scanning Electron Microscope）を用いることもできる。 In addition to alumina, glass is also resistant to electron beams, but since glass contains silicon, sodium, and calcium as main components, it is difficult to distinguish these components from biological silicon, sodium, and calcium. In this respect, alumina can be said to be suitable for EDS analysis. In the case of the alumina test member 52 resistant to electron beams, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) can also be used.
＜観察結果＞
次に、試験部材５２の観察結果について説明する。図１０〜１３（１０Ａ、１０Ｂ、１０Ｃ、１１Ａ、１１Ｂ、１１Ｃ、１２Ａ、１２Ｂ、１３Ａ、１３Ｂ）は、試験部材５２の光学顕微鏡写真である。このうち図１０（１０Ａ〜１０Ｃ）は試験部材５２がガラスの場合の光学顕微鏡写真である（写真のスケールバーは３０μｍ）。同図に示すように、浸漬後の試験部材５２の表面には、約２０μｍ程度の大きさの茶色の粒子７１の付着が確認され（図１０Ａ、１０Ｂ）、一部には薄い茶色のコーティング７２も観察された（図１０Ｃ）。また、図１１（１１Ａ〜１１Ｃ）は試験部材５２がアクリルの場合の光学顕微鏡写真であるが（写真のスケールバーは３０μｍ）、これもガラスの場合と同様に、浸漬後の試験部材５２の表面に約２０μｍ程度の大きさの茶色の粒塊７３の付着が確認され（図１１Ａ）、一部には薄い茶色のコーティング７４が観察された（図１１Ｂ、１１Ｃ）。なお、コーティング７４の中心に、管形状を有する繊維状の付着物（約５００μｍ）が確認されたが、少なくとも生物に由来するような細胞構造は見られなかった。
<Observation results>
Next, the observation result of the test member 52 will be described. 10-13 (10A, 10B, 10C, 11A, 11B, 11C, 12A, 12B, 13A, 13B) are optical micrographs of the test member 52. FIG. Among these, FIG. 10 (10A-10C) is an optical microscope photograph in case the test member 52 is glass (the scale bar of a photograph is 30 micrometers). As shown in the figure, adhesion of brown particles 71 having a size of about 20 μm is confirmed on the surface of the test member 52 after immersion (FIGS. 10A and 10B), and a thin brown coating 72 is partially included. Was also observed (FIG. 10C). Moreover, although FIG. 11 (11A-11C) is an optical microscope photograph in case the test member 52 is an acrylic (the scale bar of a photograph is 30 micrometers), this is also the surface of the test member 52 after immersion like the case of glass. In FIG. 11, the adhesion of a brown granule 73 having a size of about 20 μm was confirmed (FIG. 11A), and a thin brown coating 74 was observed in part (FIGS. 11B and 11C). In addition, although the fibrous deposit | attachment (about 500 micrometers) which has a tube shape was confirmed in the center of the coating 74, the cell structure which originates at least in the living body was not seen.
図１２（１２Ａ、１２Ｂ）、図１３（１３Ａ、１３Ｂ）はそれぞれ、試験部材５２がアルミナ、ポリエチレンの場合の光学顕微鏡写真であるが（写真のスケールバーは３００μｍ）、これらの場合も、ガラス、アクリルの場合と同様に、茶色の着色部７５が観察された。 12 (12A, 12B) and FIG. 13 (13A, 13B) are optical micrographs in the case where the test member 52 is alumina and polyethylene (the scale bar in the photograph is 300 μm). As in the case of acrylic, a brown colored portion 75 was observed.
次に、ＥＤＳによる観察結果について説明する。図１４は、試験部材５２がアルミナの場合のＥＤＳスペクトルである。同図に示すように、試験部材５２からは、ケイ素、鉄、マンガンが検出された。 Next, observation results by EDS will be described. FIG. 14 is an EDS spectrum when the test member 52 is alumina. As shown in the figure, silicon, iron, and manganese were detected from the test member 52.
＜検討＞
本試験で使用した試験部材５２のいずれにも、茶色の粒子が観察された。この粒子は、マンガン酸化菌であるメタロゲニウム（マンガン酸化構造体）により生成された二酸化マンガンであると思われる。すなわち、本試験では、測定場所の上流から流れてきた水（河川水）にマンガンイオン（Ｍｎ2+）が含まれており、このマンガンイオンが、測定場所に着生しているマンガン酸化菌によって二酸化マンガン（ＭｎＯ2）に酸化されたものと考えられる。
<Examination>
Brown particles were observed in any of the test members 52 used in this test. These particles are believed to be manganese dioxide produced by metallogenium (manganese oxide structure), which is a manganese-oxidizing bacterium. That is, in this test, manganese ions (Mn 2+ ) are contained in the water (river water) that flows from the upstream of the measurement site, and these manganese ions are produced by the manganese-oxidizing bacteria growing at the measurement site. It is thought that it was oxidized to manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ).
また、沈着試験を行ったのは、微生物の活動がそれほど活発とはいえない水温の低い１１月であった。また、１ヶ月という短期間で沈着試験を行ったにも拘わらず、マンガンの沈着が確認された。このことから、試験部材５２を浸漬して行う金属の沈着状況の調査は、簡便かつ有効な方法であると考えられる。 In addition, the deposition test was conducted in November when the water temperature was low and the activity of microorganisms was not so active. Moreover, despite the deposition test conducted in a short period of one month, manganese deposition was confirmed. From this, it is considered that the investigation of the metal deposition state performed by immersing the test member 52 is a simple and effective method.
なお、図１０、１１に示したように、ガラス、アクリルの試験部材５２では、光学顕微鏡によるマンガンの着色の確認が特に容易であった。これは、ガラス、アクリルが透明であり光を透過するからである。したがって一般に、光透過性を有する素材を試験部材５２として用いた場合は、マンガン等の金属の沈着を光学顕微鏡の透過光観察によって容易に発見することができると考えられる。これにより、付着金属の種類やその量を容易に推定することができる。 In addition, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, in the glass and acrylic test member 52, it was particularly easy to confirm the coloring of manganese with an optical microscope. This is because glass and acrylic are transparent and transmit light. Therefore, in general, when a light-transmitting material is used as the test member 52, it is considered that deposition of a metal such as manganese can be easily found by observing transmitted light with an optical microscope. Thereby, the kind of adhesion metal and its quantity can be estimated easily.
一方、ポリエチレン、及びアルミナは不透明な素材であるため、透過光観察ができないことから，高倍率での観察が困難であったが，図１２、１３に示したように、不明確ながらマンガンの沈着状況を観察することができた。 On the other hand, since polyethylene and alumina are opaque materials, it is difficult to observe at high magnification because observation of transmitted light is impossible. However, as shown in FIGS. I was able to observe the situation.
また、アルミナは、図１４に示したようにＥＤＳによる表面分析が可能であった。これは、前述のようにアルミナが電子線に強いためである。このように、アルミナの試験部材５２を用いれば高倍率での金属の観察が可能となる。 Further, alumina could be surface analyzed by EDS as shown in FIG. This is because alumina is strong against electron beams as described above. As described above, when the alumina test member 52 is used, the metal can be observed at a high magnification.
なお、以上の野外調査（素材比較試験）と同様の試験を、水質、水温がほぼ同じである水力発電所のダム直下の地点、及び発電所の放流地点において同時期に行ったところ、本試験とは金属の付着量に大きな差違が見られた。このことは、金属の付着量は水温、水質以外の他の要素、例えば水流の速さや懸濁物の量に大きく依存することを示唆している。したがって、異なる場所で沈着状況を調査してその沈着量の違いを調べる場合は、水流の速さや懸濁物の量などの条件を同一にしておくことが好ましいと考えられる。 The same test as the above field survey (material comparison test) was conducted at the same time at the site immediately below the dam of the hydroelectric power plant where the water quality and temperature are almost the same, and at the discharge point of the power plant. There was a big difference in the amount of metal attached. This suggests that the amount of deposited metal greatly depends on other factors other than the water temperature and water quality, for example, the speed of water flow and the amount of suspension. Therefore, when investigating the deposition situation in different places and examining the difference in the deposition amount, it is preferable to keep the conditions such as the speed of the water flow and the amount of the suspended matter the same.
このことに鑑みると、本実施形態の沈着状況調査装置１０は、一定の大きさの夾雑物を取り除くフィルタを備え、また、貯水槽から試験槽への水の流速を一定にする構造を備えていることから、これをどのような場所で用いても河川等の水路における金属の沈着状況を客観的かつ正確に判定することができると考えられる。 In view of this, the deposition status investigation device 10 of the present embodiment includes a filter that removes a certain amount of contaminants, and also includes a structure that makes the flow rate of water from the water storage tank to the test tank constant. Therefore, it is considered that the metal deposition state in a channel such as a river can be objectively and accurately determined no matter where it is used.
以上の実施形態の説明は、本発明の理解を容易にするためのものであり、本発明を限定するものではない。本発明はその趣旨を逸脱することなく、変更、改良され得ると共に本発明にはその等価物が含まれる。 The above description of the embodiment is for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention. The present invention can be changed and improved without departing from the gist thereof, and the present invention includes equivalents thereof.
３ 取水路、４ 放水口、５ 水、６ 夾雑物、８ 河川、９ 水流、１０ 沈着状況調査装置、２０ 貯水槽、２１ 側面、２２ 側面、２３ 底面、２４ 上端開口、２５ 柱部材、３０ 試験槽、３１ 底面、３２ 上端開口、３３ 側面、３４ 開口（連通部）、３４ａ 開口下縁、３４ｂ 開口上縁、３５ 流路区画部材、４０ 試験部材ホルダー、４１ 収容空間、４２ 試験部材、４３ 支持部材、４５ 遮光部材、４５ａ 平板、４５ｂ 平板、４６ 夾雑物蓄積容器、４７ フィルタ、４７ａ 一辺、４７ｂ 他方の辺、４８ 空間、５０ 試験装置、５１ 試験容器、５２ 試験部材、５２ａ 端部、５３ 底面部材、５４ 周壁部材、５５ 柱部材、５５ａ 柱部材、５５ｂ 柱部材、５６ 上枠部材、５６ａ 長手方向の枠部、５６ｂ 長手方向の枠部、５７ 開口部、５７ａ 開口部、５７ｂ 開口部、５８ 凹部、５９ 嵌合構造、６１ 把持部、６１ａ 下端、６１ｂ 下端、６２ 吊設部材、６３ 川床、７１ 粒子、７２ コーティング、７３ 粒塊、７４ コーティング、７５ 着色部 3 Intake Channel, 4 Outlet, 5 Water, 6 Contamination, 8 River, 9 Water Flow, 10 Deposition Status Survey Device, 20 Water Tank, 21 Side, 22 Side, 23 Bottom, 24 Top Opening, 25 Column Member, 30 Test Tank, 31 Bottom surface, 32 Upper end opening, 33 Side surface, 34 Opening (communication part), 34a Opening lower edge, 34b Opening upper edge, 35 Channel partition member, 40 Test member holder, 41 Storage space, 42 Test member, 43 Support Member, 45 Light-shielding member, 45a Flat plate, 45b Flat plate, 46 Contaminant storage container, 47 Filter, 47a One side, 47b The other side, 48 space, 50 Test device, 51 Test container, 52 Test member, 52a End, 53 Bottom Member, 54 Perimeter wall member, 55 Column member, 55a Column member, 55b Column member, 56 Upper frame member, 56a Longitudinal frame portion, 56b Longitudinal direction Part, 57 opening part, 57a opening part, 57b opening part, 58 recessed part, 59 fitting structure, 61 gripping part, 61a lower end, 61b lower end, 62 suspension member, 63 riverbed, 71 particles, 72 coating, 73 agglomerates, 74 coating, 75 colored parts
Claims (4)
前記水路を流れる水が上端開口から流入し、流入した水を貯留する貯水槽と、
前記貯水槽と連通する連通部を備え、前記連通部を介して前記貯水槽から水が流入するとともに、上端開口から水が排出される試験槽と、
金属が付着する素材で表面が構成され、前記試験槽の内部に配置されて当該試験槽を流通する水に浸漬される板状の試験部材とを備え、
前記貯水槽の上端開口の高さは前記試験槽の上端開口の高さよりも高く設定され、
前記連通部は、前記試験槽の上端開口の高さよりも低い位置に設けられている
ことを特徴とする沈着状況調査装置。 An apparatus for investigating the state of metal deposition at the bottom of a waterway,
Water flowing through the water channel flows in from the upper end opening, and a water storage tank for storing the inflow water,
A test tank that includes a communication portion that communicates with the water storage tank, and water flows from the water storage tank through the communication portion, and water is discharged from an upper end opening;
The surface is composed of a material to which metal adheres, and a plate-shaped test member that is disposed inside the test tank and immersed in water flowing through the test tank,
The height of the upper end opening of the water storage tank is set higher than the height of the upper end opening of the test tank,
The said communication part is provided in the position lower than the height of the upper end opening of the said test tank. The deposition condition investigation apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned.
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