JP6013401B2 - Deposition status survey method - Google Patents
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- JP6013401B2 JP6013401B2 JP2014123935A JP2014123935A JP6013401B2 JP 6013401 B2 JP6013401 B2 JP 6013401B2 JP 2014123935 A JP2014123935 A JP 2014123935A JP 2014123935 A JP2014123935 A JP 2014123935A JP 6013401 B2 JP6013401 B2 JP 6013401B2
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Landscapes
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
Description
本発明は、河川等の水路の底への金属の沈着状況を簡便に調査するための方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for simply investigating the state of metal deposition on the bottom of a channel such as a river.
河川において、その底部が黒く見える現象がしばしば報告されている。その理由としては、フミン酸やフルボ酸の影響、流入土砂に由来する懸濁物質の影響等も考えられるが、河川水に含まれる金属成分が酸化物質を形成して河川の底部（例えば川床の石）に沈着している可能性が高い。一般に、底部における呈色現象は流水に含まれる金属成分に基づく。この金属成分は、例えば、河川水中に含まれるマンガン等である。このような金属成分は上流の工業施設やダム等に由来する可能性があるため、呈色現象の有無を調べることは非常に重要である。 In rivers, the phenomenon that the bottom of the river appears black is often reported. Reasons for this include the effects of humic acid and fulvic acid and suspended solids derived from inflowing sediments, but metal components in river water form oxidants and form the bottom of the river (for example, on the riverbed). There is a high possibility that it is deposited on the stone. In general, the coloring phenomenon at the bottom is based on a metal component contained in running water. This metal component is, for example, manganese contained in river water. Since such metal components may be derived from upstream industrial facilities, dams, etc., it is very important to examine the presence or absence of a color phenomenon.
しかしながら、いったん底部に付着した金属成分はそのまま定着（沈着）することが一般的である。したがって、呈色した水底を見ても、その金属成分が過去に付着したものなのか、それとも現在付着中のものなのかを判断することは難しい。 However, the metal component once adhered to the bottom is generally fixed (deposited) as it is. Therefore, even when looking at the colored water bottom, it is difficult to determine whether the metal component is attached in the past or is currently attached.
従来、河川の川床への酸化金属類の沈着調査は、川床の石を採取して付着状況の調査および酸化細菌の検出を行っていた。酸化細菌の検出方法としては、例えば、試料中の細菌に対して外因子を与え、細菌の内部に寄生しているバクテリオファージを発現させ、発現したバクテリオファージにより産生物を産生し、この産生物を検出する方法が知られていた（特許文献１）。 Conventionally, the deposition of metal oxides on riverbeds in rivers was conducted by collecting stones from riverbeds and investigating their adhesion and detecting oxidized bacteria. As a method for detecting oxidized bacteria, for example, an external factor is given to the bacteria in the sample, bacteriophage parasitic on the inside of the bacteria is expressed, and a product is produced by the expressed bacteriophage. There has been known a method of detecting (Patent Document 1).
ところが、この手法には問題点がある。前述のように、川床の石に沈着した金属は基本的にその後も沈着したままであるから、単に試料を分析するだけでは、その沈着が過去に起きたものなのか、それとも最近起きたものなのかを判断することができない。つまり、金属の沈着時期を特定することが難しい。 However, this method has a problem. As mentioned above, the metal deposited on the stones in the riverbed basically remains deposited after that, so simply analyzing the sample may have occurred in the past or recently. I can't judge. That is, it is difficult to specify the metal deposition time.
本発明はこのような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、現在起きている河川等の水路の底への金属の沈着状況を簡便に調査するための方法を提供することにある。 This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, and it is providing the method for investigating the metal deposition condition to the bottom of waterways, such as a river currently taking place, easily.
前述の目的を達成するための本発明の一つは、水路の底における金属の沈着状況を調査する方法であって、金属が付着する素材で表面が構成されたアルミナ製の板状の試験部材を、前記水路を流れる水に所定期間浸漬させ、前記所定期間浸漬させた試験部材に付着した金属の種類または量の少なくとも一方を電子線を用いて分析し、その分析結果に基づき前記沈着状況を推定することを特徴とする。 One of the present invention for achieving the above-mentioned object is a method for investigating the state of metal deposition at the bottom of a water channel, and is a plate-shaped test member made of alumina whose surface is made of a material to which metal adheres. Is immersed in water flowing through the water channel for a predetermined period, and at least one of the type or amount of metal adhering to the test member immersed in the predetermined period is analyzed using an electron beam, and the deposition status is determined based on the analysis result. It is characterized by estimating.
本発明によれば、水路を流れる水に所定期間、試験部材を浸漬させることで、試験部材の表面には、水路の水に含まれる金属成分が付着する。したがって、この試験部材の表面を顕微鏡で観察し、又は表面分析を行うことにより、付着した金属の種類や量を簡便に求めることができる。これに基づき、水路の底における金属の現在の沈着状況を推定することができる。このように、本発明によれば、水路の底における金属の沈着状況を簡便に調査することができる。 According to this invention, the metal component contained in the water of a water channel adheres to the surface of a test member by immersing a test member in the water which flows through a water channel for a predetermined period. Therefore, by observing the surface of the test member with a microscope or performing surface analysis, the type and amount of the attached metal can be easily obtained. Based on this, it is possible to estimate the current deposition status of the metal at the bottom of the channel. Thus, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily investigate the metal deposition state at the bottom of the water channel.
また、本発明の他の一つは、前記所定期間にわたって、遮光した状態で前記試験部材を浸漬させることを特徴とする。 Another aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the test member is immersed in a light-shielded state for the predetermined period.
遮光した状態で試験部材を浸漬させることにより、試験部材に藻類等が付着することを防ぐことができる。試験部材に藻類が付着していると、藻類と金属との区別が付きにくくなり、金属の付着状況についての判定精度が損なわれるおそれがある。そこで遮光部材を設けておくことにより、付着した金属の種類やその量を正確に判定することができる。 By immersing the test member in a light-shielded state, it is possible to prevent algae and the like from adhering to the test member. If algae is attached to the test member, it is difficult to distinguish between algae and metal, and there is a risk that the determination accuracy of the state of metal attachment is impaired. Therefore, by providing a light shielding member, it is possible to accurately determine the type and amount of attached metal.
また、本発明の他の一つは、前記試験部材に付着した金属の種類または量の少なくとも一方をＥＤＳ又はＳＥＭで分析することを特徴とする。 Another aspect of the present invention is characterized in that at least one of the kind or amount of metal adhering to the test member is analyzed by EDS or SEM .
また、本発明の他の一つは、前記試験部材の表面における、前記付着した金属の占有率を算出することを特徴とする。 In another aspect of the present invention, the occupation ratio of the attached metal on the surface of the test member is calculated.
このように、試験部材の表面における、付着した金属の占有率を算出することで、金属の付着量を客観的に把握することができる。 Thus, by calculating the occupancy ratio of the attached metal on the surface of the test member, it is possible to objectively grasp the amount of metal attached.
本発明によれば、河川等の水路の底への金属の沈着状況を簡便に調査することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the metal deposition condition to the bottom of waterways, such as a river, can be investigated simply.
本発明者らは、前述した問題点に鑑み、川床が呈色した河川について、その呈色の現象が現在進行中のものであるか否かを調べるため、以下のような試験装置を用いた野外調査を行った。この野外調査では、素材の異なる複数種類の試験部材を準備し、各試験部材を河川に浸漬させて呈色状況を調べると共に、試験部材に付着した付着物の構成元素を分析する素材比較試験を行った。 In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors used the following test apparatus in order to investigate whether or not the coloring phenomenon is currently in progress for a river colored by the riverbed. A field survey was conducted. In this field survey, multiple types of test members with different materials are prepared, and each test member is immersed in a river to check the coloration status, and a material comparison test is performed to analyze the constituent elements of the deposits attached to the test member. went.
＜試験装置について＞
まず、素材比較試験に用いた試験装置について説明する。
図１は、試験装置５０の構成を説明する図である。具体的には、（ａ）は試験装置５０の斜視図、（ｂ）は試験装置の側面図、（ｃ）は試験装置の平面図である。
<About test equipment>
First, the test apparatus used for the material comparison test will be described.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the test apparatus 50. Specifically, (a) is a perspective view of the test apparatus 50, (b) is a side view of the test apparatus, and (c) is a plan view of the test apparatus.
同図に示すように、試験装置５０は、試験容器５１と、試験容器５１に収容される矩形板状の試験部材５２とからなる。 As shown in the figure, the test apparatus 50 includes a test container 51 and a rectangular plate-shaped test member 52 accommodated in the test container 51.
試験容器５１は、底面部材５３、周壁部材５４、一対の柱部材５５（５５ａ、５５ｂ）、及び上枠部材５６を含んで構成されている。このうち底面部材５３は横長矩形の平板状部材であり、その上面には、複数の試験部材５２が板厚方向に並べられた状態で立設されている。 The test container 51 includes a bottom surface member 53, a peripheral wall member 54, a pair of column members 55 (55a, 55b), and an upper frame member 56. Of these, the bottom member 53 is a horizontally-long rectangular plate-like member, and a plurality of test members 52 are erected on the top surface in a state in which they are arranged in the plate thickness direction.
周壁部材５４は、底面部材５３の周縁に沿って立設された部材であり、底面部材５３に立設された試験部材５２を側方から支持する。なお、周壁部材５４を構成する周壁のうち、底面部材５３の長手方向（Ｘ軸方向）の部分である一対の壁部５４ａ、５４ｂの下部には、一対の開口部５７（５７ａ、５７ｂ）が設けられている。一方、底面部材５３の短手方向（Ｙ軸方向）の部分である一対の壁部５４ｃ、５４ｄの上端には一対の柱部材５５（５５ａ、５５ｂ）が立設されている。 The peripheral wall member 54 is a member erected along the periphery of the bottom surface member 53, and supports the test member 52 erected on the bottom surface member 53 from the side. A pair of opening portions 57 (57a, 57b) are formed below the pair of wall portions 54a, 54b, which are portions in the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) of the bottom surface member 53 among the peripheral walls constituting the peripheral wall member 54. Is provided. On the other hand, a pair of column members 55 (55a, 55b) are erected on the upper ends of the pair of wall portions 54c, 54d, which are portions of the bottom surface member 53 in the short direction (Y-axis direction).
上枠部材５６は、柱部材５５の上面に支持された枠型の部材であり、その枠の大きさは、周壁部材５４の周の大きさと略一致させてある。図１（ｃ）に示すように、この上枠部材５６の長手方向の枠部５６ａ、５６ｂには、相対する２つの凹部５８が形成され複数の嵌合構造５９を構成している。各凹部５８は、長手方向の枠部５６ａ、５６ｂの内側の面に沿って設けられている。凹部５８の形状は、試験部材５２の端部の形状と略一致させており、この一対の凹部５８と、試験部材５２の端部５２ａとの位置をあわせて、試験部材５２を上方から挿入することで、試験部材５２は、試験容器５１に固定された状態で立設される。 The upper frame member 56 is a frame-type member supported on the upper surface of the column member 55, and the size of the frame is substantially matched with the size of the circumference of the peripheral wall member 54. As shown in FIG. 1C, the frame portions 56 a and 56 b in the longitudinal direction of the upper frame member 56 are formed with two opposing concave portions 58 to form a plurality of fitting structures 59. Each recessed part 58 is provided along the inner surface of the frame parts 56a and 56b in the longitudinal direction. The shape of the recess 58 is substantially the same as the shape of the end of the test member 52, and the test member 52 is inserted from above by aligning the positions of the pair of recesses 58 and the end 52a of the test member 52. Thus, the test member 52 is erected while being fixed to the test container 51.
なお、この試験容器５１には、把持部６１が取り付けられている。把持部６１は試験容器５１の上方に設けられており、把持部６１の下端６１ａは柱部材５５に取り付けられている。 Note that a grip 61 is attached to the test container 51. The grip part 61 is provided above the test container 51, and the lower end 61 a of the grip part 61 is attached to the column member 55.
＜試験方法＞
次に、試験方法について説明する。図２に、素材比較試験の試験条件をまとめた図を示した。同図に示すように、この素材比較試験では、試験部材５２として、ガラス、アクリル、アルミナ、及びポリエチレンの長方形板材を用いた。試験部材５２の寸法は、いずれの場合も、縦２６ｍｍ×横７６ｍｍ×厚さ２〜３ｍｍの長方形板材とした。また、後述するように、試験期間（浸漬期間）は約１ヶ月とした。
<Test method>
Next, the test method will be described. FIG. 2 shows a diagram summarizing the test conditions of the material comparison test. As shown in the figure, in this material comparison test, a rectangular plate made of glass, acrylic, alumina, and polyethylene was used as the test member 52. In any case, the test member 52 was a rectangular plate having a length of 26 mm, a width of 76 mm, and a thickness of 2 to 3 mm. As will be described later, the test period (immersion period) was about 1 month.
素材比較試験においては、試験装置５０を以下のように用いた。図３に示すように、試験装置５０の把持部６１に吊設部材６２（例えば針金）の一端を巻き付けて試験装置５０を吊り下げ、その状態で、当該試験装置５０を河川８の川床に沈めた。 In the material comparison test, the test apparatus 50 was used as follows. As shown in FIG. 3, one end of a suspension member 62 (for example, a wire) is wound around the grip 61 of the test apparatus 50 to suspend the test apparatus 50, and in this state, the test apparatus 50 is submerged in the riverbed of the river 8. It was.
図４は川床に沈めた試験装置５０の様子を説明する図である。同図に示すように、河川の川床６３に沈めた試験装置５０に対しては、上流からの水流９が流れてくる。試験部材５２の表面には、この水流９中に含まれる金属成分（酸化金属類等）が付着していく。このような状態で試験装置を約１ヶ月放置した。なお、吊設部材６２の他端は河岸の所定位置に固定しておき、試験装置５０が流されないようにしておいた。そして、試験装置５０を沈めてから１ヶ月後、当該試験装置５０を河川８から引き上げ、試験部材５２の表面観察及び分析を行った。 FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the state of the test apparatus 50 submerged in the riverbed. As shown in the figure, an upstream water stream 9 flows to the test apparatus 50 submerged in the river bed 63 of the river. Metal components (metal oxides and the like) contained in the water flow 9 adhere to the surface of the test member 52. In this state, the test apparatus was left for about one month. The other end of the suspension member 62 was fixed at a predetermined position on the river bank so that the test apparatus 50 was not flowed. Then, one month after the test apparatus 50 was sunk, the test apparatus 50 was pulled up from the river 8 and the surface of the test member 52 was observed and analyzed.
図５は、試験部材５２の観察、分析方法を説明する図である。同図に示すように、光学顕微鏡により、ガラス、アクリル、ポリエチレン、アルミナの試験部材５２の表面を観察した。また、アルミナの試験部材５２については、ＥＤＳ（Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy）による表面分析を行った。 FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method for observing and analyzing the test member 52. As shown in the figure, the surface of the test member 52 made of glass, acrylic, polyethylene, or alumina was observed with an optical microscope. The alumina test member 52 was subjected to surface analysis by EDS (Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy).
なお、アルミナの試験部材５２に対してＥＤＳを用いたのは、アルミナが電子線に強い性質を有しているためである。さらに、河川の流水には表面分析の妨げとなる藻類等の生物類が浮遊している可能性があるところ、これらの生物類にはアルミニウムがほとんど含まれていない。そのため、アルミナの試験部材５２を用いて観察しても、生物類の有無の判断に支障が少ないからである。 The reason why EDS is used for the alumina test member 52 is that alumina has a strong property against electron beams. Furthermore, there is a possibility that algae and other organisms that hinder surface analysis may float in the river water, but these organisms contain almost no aluminum. Therefore, even if it observes using the test member 52 of an alumina, there are few obstacles in judgment of the presence or absence of organisms.
また、アルミナの他にはガラスも電子線に強いが、ガラスはケイ素、ナトリウム、カルシウムを主成分とするため、これらの成分と、生物由来のケイ素、ナトリウム、カルシウムとの区別が付きにくい。この点においてアルミナは、ＥＤＳ分析に適しているといえる。また、電子線に強いアルミナの試験部材５２の場合はＳＥＭ（Scanning Electron Microscope）を用いることもできる。 In addition to alumina, glass is also resistant to electron beams, but since glass contains silicon, sodium, and calcium as main components, it is difficult to distinguish these components from biological silicon, sodium, and calcium. In this respect, alumina can be said to be suitable for EDS analysis. In the case of the alumina test member 52 resistant to electron beams, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) can also be used.
＜観察結果＞
次に、試験部材５２の観察結果について説明する。図６〜９（６Ａ、６Ｂ、６Ｃ、７Ａ、７Ｂ、７Ｃ、８Ａ、８Ｂ、９Ａ、９Ｂ）は、試験部材５２の光学顕微鏡写真である。このうち図６（６Ａ〜６Ｃ）は試験部材５２がガラスの場合の光学顕微鏡写真である（写真のスケールバーは３０μｍ）。同図に示すように、浸漬後の試験部材５２の表面には、約２０μｍ程度の大きさの茶色の粒子７１の付着が確認され（図６Ａ、６Ｂ）、一部には薄い茶色のコーティング７２も観察された（図６Ｃ）。また、図７（７Ａ〜７Ｃ）は試験部材５２がアクリルの場合の光学顕微鏡写真であるが（写真のスケールバーは３０μｍ）、これもガラスの場合と同様に、浸漬後の試験部材５２の表面に約２０μｍ程度の大きさの茶色の粒塊７３の付着が確認され（図７Ａ）、一部には薄い茶色のコーティング７４が観察された（図７Ｂ、７Ｃ）。なお、コーティング７４の中心に、管形状を有する繊維状の付着物（約５００μｍ）が確認されたが、少なくとも生物に由来するような細胞構造は見られなかった。
<Observation results>
Next, the observation result of the test member 52 will be described. 6 to 9 (6A, 6B, 6C, 7A, 7B, 7C, 8A, 8B, 9A, 9B) are optical micrographs of the test member 52. FIG. Among these, FIG. 6 (6A-6C) is an optical microscope photograph in case the test member 52 is glass (the scale bar of a photograph is 30 micrometers). As shown in the figure, adhesion of brown particles 71 having a size of about 20 μm is confirmed on the surface of the test member 52 after immersion (FIGS. 6A and 6B), and a thin brown coating 72 is partially included. Was also observed (FIG. 6C). Moreover, although FIG. 7 (7A-7C) is an optical microscope photograph in case the test member 52 is an acrylic (the scale bar of a photograph is 30 micrometers), this is also the surface of the test member 52 after immersion like the case of glass. In addition, adhesion of a brown granule 73 having a size of about 20 μm was confirmed (FIG. 7A), and a light brown coating 74 was observed in part (FIGS. 7B and 7C). In addition, although the fibrous deposit | attachment (about 500 micrometers) which has a tube shape was confirmed in the center of the coating 74, the cell structure which originates at least in the living body was not seen.
図８（８Ａ、８Ｂ）、図９（９Ａ、９Ｂ）はそれぞれ、試験部材５２がアルミナ、ポリエチレンの場合の光学顕微鏡写真であるが（写真のスケールバーは３００μｍ）、これらの場合も、ガラス、アクリルの場合と同様に、茶色の着色部７５が観察された。 FIG. 8 (8A, 8B) and FIG. 9 (9A, 9B) are optical micrographs when the test member 52 is alumina and polyethylene (the scale bar in the photograph is 300 μm). As in the case of acrylic, a brown colored portion 75 was observed.
次に、ＥＤＳによる観察結果について説明する。図１０は、試験部材５２がアルミナの場合のＥＤＳスペクトルである。同図に示すように、試験部材５２からは、ケイ素、鉄、マンガンが検出された。 Next, observation results by EDS will be described. FIG. 10 is an EDS spectrum when the test member 52 is alumina. As shown in the figure, silicon, iron, and manganese were detected from the test member 52.
＜検討＞
本試験で使用した試験部材５２のいずれにも、茶色の粒子が観察された。この粒子は、マンガン酸化菌であるメタロゲニウム（マンガン酸化構造体）により生成された二酸化マンガンであると思われる。すなわち、本試験では、測定場所の上流から流れてきた水（河川水）にマンガンイオン（Ｍｎ2+）が含まれており、このマンガンイオンが、測定場所に着生しているマンガン酸化菌によって二酸化マンガン（ＭｎＯ2）に酸化されたものと考えられる。
<Examination>
Brown particles were observed in any of the test members 52 used in this test. These particles are believed to be manganese dioxide produced by metallogenium (manganese oxide structure), which is a manganese-oxidizing bacterium. That is, in this test, manganese ions (Mn 2+ ) are contained in the water (river water) that flows from the upstream of the measurement site, and these manganese ions are produced by the manganese-oxidizing bacteria growing at the measurement site. It is thought that it was oxidized to manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ).
また、沈着試験を行ったのは、微生物の活動がそれほど活発とはいえない水温の低い１１月であった。また、１ヶ月という短期間で沈着試験を行ったにも拘わらず、マンガンの沈着が確認された。このことから、試験部材５２を浸漬して行う金属の沈着状況の調査は、簡便かつ有効な方法であると考えられる。 In addition, the deposition test was conducted in November when the water temperature was low and the activity of microorganisms was not so active. Moreover, despite the deposition test conducted in a short period of one month, manganese deposition was confirmed. From this, it is considered that the investigation of the metal deposition state performed by immersing the test member 52 is a simple and effective method.
なお、図６、７に示したように、ガラス、アクリルの試験部材５２では、光学顕微鏡によるマンガンの着色の確認が特に容易であった。これは、ガラス、アクリルが透明であり光を透過するからである。したがって一般に、光透過性を有する素材を試験部材５２として用いた場合は、マンガン等の金属の沈着を光学顕微鏡の透過光観察によって容易に発見することができると考えられる。これにより、付着金属の種類やその量を容易に推定することができる。 As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, it was particularly easy to confirm the coloring of manganese with an optical microscope in the test member 52 made of glass or acrylic. This is because glass and acrylic are transparent and transmit light. Therefore, in general, when a light-transmitting material is used as the test member 52, it is considered that deposition of a metal such as manganese can be easily found by observing transmitted light with an optical microscope. Thereby, the kind of adhesion metal and its quantity can be estimated easily.
一方、ポリエチレン、及びアルミナは不透明な素材であるため、透過光観察ができないことから、高倍率での観察が困難であったが、図８、９に示したように、不明確ながらマンガンの沈着状況を観察することができた。 On the other hand, since polyethylene and alumina are opaque materials, it is difficult to observe at high magnification because observation of transmitted light is impossible. However, as shown in FIGS. I was able to observe the situation.
また、アルミナは、図１０に示したようにＥＤＳによる表面分析が可能であった。これは、前述のようにアルミナが電子線に強いためである。このように、アルミナの試験部材５２を用いれば高倍率での金属の観察が可能となる。 Further, alumina could be surface analyzed by EDS as shown in FIG. This is because alumina is strong against electron beams as described above. As described above, when the alumina test member 52 is used, the metal can be observed at a high magnification.
なお、以上の野外調査（素材比較試験）と同様の試験を、水質、水温がほぼ同じである水力発電所のダム直下の地点、及び発電所の放流地点において同時期に行ったところ、本試験とは金属の付着量に大きな差違が見られた。このことは、金属の付着量は水温、水質以外の他の要素、例えば水流の速さや懸濁物の量に大きく依存することを示唆している。したがって、異なる場所で沈着状況を調査してその沈着量の違いを調べる場合は、水流の速さや懸濁物の量などの条件を同一にしておくことが好ましいと考えられる。 The same test as the above field survey (material comparison test) was conducted at the same time at the site immediately below the dam of the hydroelectric power plant where the water quality and temperature are almost the same, and at the discharge point of the power plant. There was a big difference in the amount of metal attached. This suggests that the amount of deposited metal greatly depends on other factors other than the water temperature and water quality, for example, the speed of water flow and the amount of suspension. Therefore, when investigating the deposition situation in different places and examining the difference in the deposition amount, it is preferable to keep the conditions such as the speed of the water flow and the amount of the suspended matter the same.
以上のように、本実施形態の沈着状況調査方法によれば、水路を流れる水に所定期間、試験部材５２を浸漬させることで、試験部材５２の表面には、水路の水に含まれる金属が付着する。したがって、この試験部材５２の表面を顕微鏡で観察したり成分分析を行うことにより、付着した金属の種類や量を求めることができる。これに基づき、水路の底における金属の現在の沈着状況を推定することができる。このように、本実施形態の沈着状況調査方法によれば、水路の底における金属の沈着状況を簡便に調査することができる。 As described above, according to the deposition state investigation method of the present embodiment, by immersing the test member 52 in the water flowing through the water channel for a predetermined period, the metal contained in the water of the water channel is formed on the surface of the test member 52. Adhere to. Therefore, the type and amount of the deposited metal can be obtained by observing the surface of the test member 52 with a microscope or performing component analysis. Based on this, it is possible to estimate the current deposition status of the metal at the bottom of the channel. Thus, according to the deposition status investigation method of the present embodiment, the metal deposition status at the bottom of the water channel can be easily investigated.
すなわち、試験部材５２の表面に付着している金属類は、水路（例えば河川）の水に含まれていた成分（金属イオン等）に由来する。しがたって、試験部材５２の表面に付着している金属を例えば顕微鏡で観察し、その金属の種類や付着量を確認することで、現在、上記水路にどのような種類の金属がどの程度含まれているかを調べることができる。このような金属は水路の底を呈色させているはずであるから、現在、水路において実際に着色が進行しているのか否か、また、進行しているとすればどのような程度の速さで進行しているのかを推定することができる。 That is, the metals adhering to the surface of the test member 52 are derived from components (metal ions and the like) contained in the water of a water channel (for example, a river). Therefore, by observing the metal adhering to the surface of the test member 52 with, for example, a microscope and confirming the type and amount of the metal, what kind of metal is included in the water channel at present. You can check if it is. Such metal should have colored the bottom of the waterway, so whether or not the coloration is actually progressing in the waterway, and if so, how fast You can estimate whether it is going on.
なお、浸漬部材を外来光（太陽光等）があたる場所で長期間浸漬させる場合は、その期間にわたって、遮光した状態で試験部材５２を浸漬させることが好ましい。例えば、図１１に示すように、川床６３に設置した試験装置５０を、例えば着色加工を施したポリエステル等の遮光性を有する素材からなる遮光部材６４で上方から覆うことにより、浸漬した試験部材５２の表面部に藻類等が付着、繁殖することを防ぐことができる。試験部材５２に金属と共に藻類が付着していると、両者の区別が付きにくくなって金属の付着が判定しにくくなるおそれがある。そこで、このように遮光を行うことにより、付着した金属の種類やその量をより正確に判定することができる。 When the immersion member is immersed for a long time in a place exposed to external light (sunlight or the like), the test member 52 is preferably immersed in a light-shielded state over the period. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the test apparatus 50 installed on the riverbed 63 is covered with a light shielding member 64 made of a light-shielding material such as colored polyester from above, so that the immersed test member 52 is covered. It is possible to prevent algae and the like from adhering to the surface portion of the surface and breeding. If the algae are attached to the test member 52 together with the metal, it is difficult to distinguish between the two, which may make it difficult to determine the adhesion of the metal. Therefore, by performing light shielding in this way, it is possible to more accurately determine the type and amount of attached metal.
＜試験部材の観察と併用して行う調査について＞
ところで、河川の川床が着色して見える（例えば黒く見える）原因としては、これまでに説明してきたような、川床への金属の付着が重要である。しかし、これに加えて、河川水中の腐食物質や懸濁物質の影響も考えられる。そこで、河川の川床が着色して見える原因を調べる場合、前記の試験部材５２を用いた調査に加えて、図１２に示すような調査も併用して行うことが好ましい。
<Investigation conducted in conjunction with observation of test members>
By the way, as a cause of the riverbed of the river appearing colored (for example, it looks black), the adhesion of metal to the riverbed as described above is important. However, in addition to this, the influence of corrosive substances and suspended substances in river water is also conceivable. Therefore, when investigating the cause of the riverbed appearing colored, it is preferable to conduct a survey as shown in FIG. 12 in addition to the survey using the test member 52 described above.
すなわち、河川の川床が着色して見える原因としては、水溶性の腐食物質（フルボ酸やフミン酸）が含まれているために、河川水中が褐色ないし黒褐色を呈していることが原因である場合がある。そこで、例えば、河川水の分析を定期的に行う（例えば三次元蛍光光度分析を行う）ことが考えられる。 In other words, the reason why the riverbed of the river looks colored is because the river water is brown or blackish brown because it contains water-soluble corrosive substances (fulvic acid and humic acid) There is. Therefore, for example, it is conceivable to periodically analyze river water (for example, to perform three-dimensional fluorescence analysis).
また、降雨等により河川に土砂が混入し、これにより河川水中の懸濁物質（ＳＳ：Suspended Solid）濃度が上昇し、川床が黒く見えていることも考えられる。そこで、河川水中の懸濁物の分析（ＳＳ分析）を定期的に行う。 In addition, it is also possible that soil and sand are mixed into the river due to rain and the like, which increases the concentration of suspended solids (SS) in the river water, and the riverbed looks black. Therefore, analysis of suspension in river water (SS analysis) is performed periodically.
なお、沈着調査を１回のみでなく定期的に（複数回）行うことにより、沈着量の変化を求める方法も有効である。また、河川水中のマンガン等の微量元素の濃度を、ＩＣＰ−ＭＳ（Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry）等を用いて正確に分析し、両者の結果を比較することにより、流水中に含まれている、沈着の原因となる金属の種類や量を、より正確に推定することも考えられる。 It is also effective to obtain a change in the deposition amount by conducting the deposition investigation not only once but periodically (a plurality of times). In addition, the concentration of trace elements such as manganese in river water is accurately analyzed using ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) and the like, and the results of both are contained in the flowing water. It is also conceivable to more accurately estimate the type and amount of metal that causes deposition.
ここで、試験部材５２における金属の沈着量は、例えば次のようにして求める。図１３に示すように、まず、河川に浸漬させた試験部材５２の表面と、所定のグレースケールチャート６５とを、スキャナー等の読取装置６６で読み取り、それぞれの色相を数値化して試験部材５２の表面の黒色度を求める。具体的には、情報処理装置６７は、読取装置６６が読み取った試験部材５２の表面の色相と、グレースケールチャートの色相とを取得して比較する。そして、前者の黒色度が後者の黒色度以上である部分は金属が沈着している部分であり、前者の黒色度が後者の黒色度未満である部分は金属が沈着していない部分であるとする処理を行い、試験部材５２の表面における金属の沈着面積を算出する。そして情報処理装置６７は、求めた沈着面積を、試験部材５２の全表面積で除することにより、単位面積当たりの沈着量の変化を求める。 Here, the amount of metal deposition on the test member 52 is obtained, for example, as follows. As shown in FIG. 13, first, the surface of the test member 52 immersed in a river and a predetermined gray scale chart 65 are read by a reading device 66 such as a scanner, and the hue of each is digitized. Determine the blackness of the surface. Specifically, the information processing device 67 acquires and compares the hue of the surface of the test member 52 read by the reading device 66 and the hue of the gray scale chart. And the portion where the former blackness is higher than the latter blackness is the portion where the metal is deposited, and the portion where the former blackness is less than the latter blackness is the portion where the metal is not deposited The metal deposition area on the surface of the test member 52 is calculated. Then, the information processing device 67 obtains a change in the deposition amount per unit area by dividing the obtained deposition area by the total surface area of the test member 52.
このように、試験部材５２の表面における、付着した金属の占有率を算出することで、付着した金属の量を正確に調べることができる。また、これを定期的に実施することで、その金属の付着速度を知ることができる。 Thus, by calculating the occupancy ratio of the attached metal on the surface of the test member 52, the amount of the attached metal can be accurately examined. Moreover, by carrying out this periodically, it is possible to know the deposition rate of the metal.
以上の実施形態の説明は、本発明の理解を容易にするためのものであり、本発明を限定するものではない。本発明はその趣旨を逸脱することなく、変更、改良され得ると共に本発明にはその等価物が含まれる。 The above description of the embodiment is for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention. The present invention can be changed and improved without departing from the gist thereof, and the present invention includes equivalents thereof.
例えば、本実施形態では、試験装置５０を用いることにより沈着状況を調査する方法を示したが、他の方法を用いてもよい。すなわち、試験部材５２を河川８に所定期間浸漬させ、所定期間経過後に試験部材５２を引き上げる構成になっていればよい。 For example, in the present embodiment, the method for investigating the deposition status by using the test apparatus 50 is shown, but other methods may be used. That is, it is sufficient that the test member 52 is immersed in the river 8 for a predetermined period and the test member 52 is pulled up after the predetermined period has elapsed.
８ 河川、９ 水流、５０ 試験装置、５１ 試験容器、５２ 試験部材、５２ａ 端部、５３ 底面部材、５４ 周壁部材、５５ 柱部材、５５ａ 柱部材、５５ｂ 柱部材、５６ 上枠部材、５６ａ 長手方向の枠部、５６ｂ 長手方向の枠部、５７ 開口部、５７ａ 開口部、５７ｂ 開口部、５８ 凹部、５９ 嵌合構造、６１ 把持部、６１ａ 下端、６１ｂ 下端、６２ 吊設部材、６３ 川床、６４ 遮光部材、６５ グレースケールチャート、６６ 読取装置、６７ 情報処理装置、７１ 粒子、７２ コーティング、７３ 粒塊、７４ コーティング、７５ 着色部 8 River, 9 Water flow, 50 Test device, 51 Test container, 52 Test member, 52a End, 53 Bottom member, 54 Perimeter wall member, 55 Column member, 55a Column member, 55b Column member, 56 Upper frame member, 56a Longitudinal direction Frame portion, 56b longitudinal frame portion, 57 opening portion, 57a opening portion, 57b opening portion, 58 recess, 59 fitting structure, 61 gripping portion, 61a lower end, 61b lower end, 62 hanging member, 63 riverbed, 64 Shading member, 65 gray scale chart, 66 reading device, 67 information processing device, 71 particles, 72 coating, 73 agglomerates, 74 coating, 75 colored portion
Claims (4)
金属が付着する素材で表面が構成されたアルミナ製の板状の試験部材を、前記水路を流れる水に所定期間浸漬させ、
前記所定期間浸漬させた試験部材に付着した金属の種類または量の少なくとも一方を電子線を用いて分析し、その分析結果に基づき前記沈着状況を推定することを特徴とする沈着状況調査方法。 A method for investigating metal deposition at the bottom of a waterway,
A plate-shaped test member made of alumina whose surface is made of a material to which metal adheres is immersed in water flowing through the water channel for a predetermined period of time,
A deposition status investigation method characterized in that at least one of the type or amount of metal adhering to the test member immersed in the predetermined period is analyzed using an electron beam, and the deposition status is estimated based on the analysis result .
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| GB9316945D0 (en) * | 1993-08-14 | 1993-09-29 | Univ Lancaster | Probe device |
| JP2517880B2 (en) * | 1994-04-19 | 1996-07-24 | 工業技術院長 | Mercury detection material and mercury analysis method |
| JP3169203B2 (en) * | 1995-09-07 | 2001-05-21 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Water quality sensor installation device |
| JP4691670B2 (en) * | 2000-12-14 | 2011-06-01 | 株式会社片山化学工業研究所 | Pollutant measuring device, pollutant measuring method using the device, and industrial water treatment method |
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